it's normal, to be afraid of another step - it will break, which is natural here. so, any quality of it can be sort of, well, as we psychologists do it, but decomposed, well, at least on a three-point scale, the deficient amount of this quality is the norm and is already hypertrophied expressed. well, as always , it’s good in the golden mean, that is, any quality must be formed , developed, so that a person can use it, as it were, in the process of his socialization adaptation, and so on, deficiently developed. here he is a reasonable risk to me i live for adrenaline. i'm here for vivid impressions. eh, fearless. this person is not for me. this is about not quite awareness of immaturity. perhaps about some kind of incilism, mentally, and so on. here is the fearless man. eh, in general, this is the concept itself, but i don’t really like a brave person, that is , understanding the risk is possible and taking responsibility for understanding what could be, what could be the outcome of certain consequences. here is one. well, it is clear that the hypertrophied level of anxiety is right up. until free, floating anxiety, then

there is, again, irrational about nothing not justified. it's just scary for the possibility that something bad can happen, that is, terrible from nothing. specifically , it's scary, of course, such people. this is the biggest risk i would take at all, i guess you agreed with me, that is, it is obvious. i forbade at the legislative level it is necessary to stop writing about the terrible. the number of publications about where what happened in the air, where did someone crash with whom else, the rest is unimaginable, nothing like this has ever happened. if today start writing. how many car accidents and disasters occur on the roads of the country, then people will simply stop driving, because it will simply be scary. here i recently held the faculty of extreme psychology for students. there was a master class and we gave statistics. just think about 2000 years 10 years, and such figures lead to eight thousand dead 300,300 episodes. air

accidents. here is a plane crash such an everyday concept of such, as if there is no level. here are the accidents. naturally, the growth of eight thousand dead means dead, and if we take 20 the first year, here, just 21 years, statistics under an accident 133,000 accidents and 15,000 deaths can you imagine, there are 10 years and 8,000, and here 1 year, but the author’s movement is somehow more here, well, you understand, it is associated with the surface of the earth. why does the spanish attacks display? feel your legs first, feel your back. feel your hands grounding. this is the normal state of a person. he walks the earth. he is not a bird, he does not fly, he walks, therefore , someone needs this separation. this is the desire to tear off something traditional some kind of superiority technique there, there is aerodynamics dermatism, in the end, but someone doesn’t need this at all.

here and here they are, well, either they fall down all the fabic experiences, or they just do it with maximum tension within the framework, as it were, of the norm yes, there without manifestations of any such extreme e manifestations. here, but it is not obtained from this pleasure. naturally. i say again, this injection will come, i agree one of the factors, in general, phobias arise, this is either a personally negative experience, or in the means mass media getting acquainted with some. that's because when a person-catastrophe is described, it is, of course, here, well, it's somehow beyond all tragic to go deep, therefore, yes, it is redundant information here, of course. let's say it contributes to the development , thank you very much, the conversation is wonderful, i'm just warning you and our viewers that we, of course, will continue this conversation. we will delve into the psychology of the work of pilots. that is, those who sit in the cockpit. uh,

flight attendant psychology and psychology. especially passengers. uh, because as you correctly noted, the panic on board is worse. no, nothing. it is necessary to do everything possible to avoid it you huge. thank you. uh, let 's meet, and i hope our conversation didn't bother you. it was interesting for me to talk with you at our guests . eh, yulia slavinskaya psychologist. all the best until next time. hello dear viewers, we are on channel one at night and i am with you mikhail khanov , presenter podcasts easy money today the theme of our program. it would seem, which is so far away and at the same time so near

it is called pensions and in order to sort out this issue. today we have two wonderful women 2 experts visiting us - this is yulia finaginova, professor of the department of state municipal finance, plekhanov russian university of economics and lyudmila ivanova shvets associate professor. departments of the chamber of commerce and industry of the russian federation, the development of the rural capital of this zhreo is not prikhanov for them. hello ladies. hello julia hello lyudmila and today we will try to figure out what pension? what will it be to whom it is supposed? as it should and so on. let's start slowly. well, in order to catch on for something, 23 years is a suitable introduction. that is, they were accepted, a kind of innovation.

which which let's immediately decide before uh official channel, pre-retirement 5 years before retirement now. it's hard to say how much because we now have a phased

retirement, so 5 years before retirement. let's say televisually. it's there 55-65 years. so yeah, that 's fine. further too a significant change will take place, which will relate to the funded pension we are forming in the system of compulsory pension insurance. a funded pension is a pension that is paid to pensioners upon the onset of retirement age from those savings that he either made for himself or the giver did the work for him, if you can put pressure on someone yourself. the fact is that the russian system provides for two options formation of pension savings. the first option is a gift that made contributions until 2015. as you know, yes. fund payroll in the amount of 6%. and this money went, just in time for the formation of pension savings in 2012, the birth of the youngest. we have a pension fund deduction of 22% just for the audience,

it may not be clear yes 22%. and until the fifteenth year, what julia said 16% went to the insurance pension, and 6% to the funded part. what is the difference between an insurance pension and a funded one? so we started this insurance pension for all pensioners. those who have earned a pension, an insurance pension, are payments to pensioners. on the onset. naturally, retirement age from a common boiler. that's work making contributions to the pension fund. yes, and this pension fund is smashing money for the current most 16% yes, it is also called the distribution system, because first it is accumulated and then distributed, and the accumulation system. it does not assume that these contributions that will be made, either the worker is in the system of mandatory pension insurance, or he himself will do it on his own individual account. come on , a non-state can save it on its own pension system, and it is not expected that this money will be spent

on anything else. in addition to his own pension at the onset of retirement age, such freezing is a very interesting point, that, for example, we receive an insurance pension with you when the official retirement age. now it's 65-60 yes, 60 for women 65 for men. but the funded pension , regardless of where it is formed either in the system of mandatory pension insurance, or on a voluntary basis. you can receive under the old pension system before its reform in the eighteenth year. that is, it is 55-60, what do i need to do in order to receive this part , apply to the pension fund, yes or to them the state pension fund, if the savings were made there and say that i want to receive the funded part, if the non-state pension fund he himself informs those who are already old, here is an old pension for dinner. eh, it's coming. he usually informs them himself that you have the opportunity, uh, to start receiving payments, but

it's not always. i wanted to clarify, because there are different corporate pension programs. that is, there, uh, hmm, our viewers. look at the employee who works for the company. and if a company has a corporate pension program, as a rule, there are several options for such and such programs. well, for example, uh, workers individually. some percentage can be deducted there, uh, solidarity, where both employees and employers. i say, so that's how we deduct. that's so much and so much to say that you have to be a good worker in order to you offered to work to give participation. let's get the corporate program for now. let's focus on the ordinary through the viewer yes, the average small city in our country has no, no corporate programs. yes, the first thing he faced was to figure it out, to understand when we had a state system , some huge number of non-state pension funds appeared, and everyone was campaigning to transport money in them. here are those who did it, it was just about the same

funded pension, which is 16% - this unshakable. it's six percent. you and i have indicated, that is, sixteen, six are coming, and your work you might not even know on the idea that working for you charges 6% if you are sixty-seven years old and younger yes, birth, uh, the pension fund deducted 22% from 16 of them went to payments to current pensioners, and six were set aside specifically for me. yes, yes, to your personal account, but let's just say that the money that is formed on this account was formed. yes, and still. by the way, they are formed. that is, even after that. was the system is, uh, frozen accumulative. and what does frozen mean, i’ll just remind the viewers too. uh, we are talking about the fact that in 2015 it was said that everything that was accumulated before 2015 it continues to be invested, but

will not be replenished. and these 22% that the employer is now paying for the pension fund. they go entirely to finance current pensioners. that is, you can have an individual pension all on an insurance pension. yes, here is your individual savings account, it has not been replenished since 2015, but this does not mean that the money depreciate. why because they need to invest the more. and the further the money is invested, the money to whom should be intuited should you, first of all, as pensioners, because you are interested in the fact that by the time you retire your account is individual, it will not be reset to zero. let's just say it didn't go down. let's like this. eh, there were a lot of innovations. still, everyone is interested in what is here. now, yes, what else has changed since 23, has it already changed or is it planning to change? yes , for example, the same experience. i understand that we are now in a transitional period, but it is very difficult. yeah definitely be clear at what age who's coming out,

but let's try to do it. well, let's start with simple definitions, going back to the list. yes definition of the concept. hour here from the 20th and the fourth year is the fourteenth year is very interesting, the 23rd year. so 24 minimum experience of 15 years 15 years - this includes education or not. see the three conditions for retirement, respect through the audience three conditions. i really like it when the numbers are like this. the first is, uh, the presence required experience. here is what julia said 15 years old, today 15 years of training there in different ways, somewhere included somewhere not included. uh, serving in the military includes taking care of a child. it's just different pension points. well, nevertheless, yes, for the viewers, they wanted to say a very important thing, they ask a lot of questions. i have

a continuous experience of such a thing as continuity, of course, i don’t even have it, i’m worried. does not affect the amount of the pension. the main thing is that it be in the aggregate, that it be and that's it, yes, this is the first condition, the second achievement retirement age. you can now try to at least say what age in the twenty-third year you can turn twenty-four into 20 in the third year , only those who can retire early on benefits, for example, for harmfully difficult working conditions, will retire on an insurance pension. here is the transitional age. now we are the same since the eighteenth year. there, every six months is added, so now women are retiring from the age of 24, they will retire, uh, 1900, in my opinion, 604 years old and men 61 years old

birth, because uh, while there is a transitional transition. this is such a missionary to retire will not be able to pay attention to what, if you do not have. opportunities to withdraw earlier yes, preferential categories, if you do not belong to them, and the majority does not belong to them, yes, the population, then from 2023. he's so very interesting, because he's jumping, yes, through the possibility of going to surgery. well, the third third condition is the accumulated pension points. what it is? uh, these are retirement points or retirement ratios, these are the same, what a retirement bonfire. this is the pension factor. this means every employee who receives a salary and for whom the employer makes contributions to the pension fund. and these amounts are translated into pension coefficients, and there is a minimum there is a maximum. but even if you have a very high salary, then the maximum maximum number

of points that you can earn per year is 10 pieces 10 points, yes, and then these points are transferred. the ministry of finance approves a certain amount of the cost of the ball each year, based on indexation from inflation, to say that there is some kind of formula formula, as such, there is none, but every year the ministry of finance approves this amount, the cost of the pension coefficient is immediately a question. and probably to yulia. as you are, after all, an assistant professor , this should be close to you. you know how a student asks where you can read, where is the manual. where to read? well, here it is to be clear and precise. this can be viewed in your personal account on the website. e of the pension fund or on the website of public services, for example, means by points we go to public services. everyone knows what is personal cabinet. we pay there, as a rule, fines for cars. now. it turns out

there are, there are also various departments. and in particular in the personal cabin for public services. and something and there is a detailed description. time by now that's when you came in, i may not be retired. yes, that's where, let's say the viewer has no papers at hand, although this is not correct, the number of materials is on the site of the same pension fund of the russian federation ps.ru. and what is the fss united dafon ps rf.ru excellent three rules for receiving a pension, we said this experience is the achievement of age and points. yes, 30 points minimum. i should have, if i don’t have them, or i, if there is no experience, if one of these conditions is not there, that’s all. and for money, but there is one moment , you can buy half of the e, not enough

missing experience. uh, according to the data of the twenty -second year, in order for you to buy in addition 293,000 you need to pay in order to buy half. uh, we have no more than 7 1/2 years of experience. we were already somewhere perfectly and a half right, but e 46.000 is approximately worth one and one points. well, about 300,000. and everything is fine with my experience, even if i am 15 years old, because if you contributed, for example, in december last year, then this will be reflected only next year in a year, that is, about this. you have to think ahead. eh, about being monitored , we went to the site to see what you have before retirement. if you are a year away from retirement, then it may be too late to buy seniority. well, for these pension points, you can e until the moment you officially issued a pension, that is, if you issued pensions, then thought. oh what i have a small pension, come on, i 'll buy more, yes, to myself, so that i have it

like this, which i go to, unfortunately, this option is no longer provided. since we are mainly watched at night by young people, dear viewers, young people, you are concerned about buying a diploma, immediately buy yourself an experience, buy it right away and that's it. know when please give the whole price list is to buy seriously this is serious, because we now have 6 million self-employed, their busiest question is self-employed, what is the means of them ip ip. yes, there, there, different things, i'm 15 years old worked my own mp, i have the right to retire or not, not a fact. what do you have see. you know, as in any case, you will be together. this is enough. eh, here. here we can get confused here are different, there are types, we will not say, but there you can check it, and in the site, again, the pension fund paid pension fund contributions or for you. you yourself know. i myself know whether i paid or not, for example. you know that you paid, then everything is fine, but if you do not pay as an individual entrepreneur, and

self-employed or not, as a self-employed person, you are only liable to pay tax on professional income. and if you want, and i don't. and if you want to accumulate it, here you are self-employed, you decided that you will not be associated with any official company. you yourself are busy. everything is fine with you, but in order to save up for your pension, the minimum that you need to deduct in the twenty-second year, in my opinion, is about 35,000 rubles. contribute to the pension fund so that one year of service is credited to you and then you have a guarantee of what you will receive? well, at least there is no minimum pension, e insurance pension, yes, under retirement age. if you do not do this, then you can only be sure that you will receive a social pension 5 years after the retirement age, that is, for a woman it is 65 years. at the age of 70, the social pension is the minimum insurance pension. the average

insurance pension is now uh. i have 18. here are 18 18 700 testimonies so we are going, if you see these testimonies on the site of the pension fund, maybe one amount, but on the site of rosstat there is a slightly different amount, because they count differently, but my data today the last is 18,782 rubles. let's say we stopped the average for russia 18.000. this is the minimum minimum that we can count on if we comply with these very three conditions that recorded the length of service, and points and what was there, the second third was lyudmila this is your tricolor yes experience, achievement points, pensioners. of course, yes, yes, yes, yes. uh pension indexation uh what is it? how

is it when it is and who is the initiator, as a rule of the state, depending on what, when indexation takes place this year, we are waiting for each year in order, yes, this is spelled out in constitution even but there what idea is an interesting idea, depending on what kind of pension? you get a different indexation period for the beginning of indexation, yes, for example, a social pension. if i'm not mistaken, in april , the first of april is insurance pensions, which most of the population receives indexed on january 1. and earlier from february 1. yes, they indexed recently, in connection with this, we ourselves do not need it easier; no one needs to go anywhere to the pension fund. everything happens automatically. the only one, sometimes i’ll say it for viewers, because there are questions, for example, they heard now yes that pensions were tested at 4.8%. they receive a pension and see that there is not even 4.8% and why does this happen less? this

happens when the pension is small and they receive a regional supplement. the pension itself is indexed, but this did not affect the overall amount. yes, it is the total amount of the pension. this one can also be larger than, for example, in moscow or comparable and no 4.8 for everything yes yes there is something to be considered positive news, thanks to which the size may change pensions for most of our viewers. well, for me, for everyone who is approaching retirement age, it is very strange, probably for everyone. this is digitalization. the fact is that now in your personal account, which we talked about today, you can see. already for pre-pensioners yes, such an option is possible, you can look at what size of pension. you will approximately be eligible and about 10 years before the official

retirement age such information is provided. that's why it's positive because you have 10 years to participate in some kind of voluntary funded programs. the fact is that if you think that the amount of pension that the state has calculated for you is not enough. that's how it always is. that's right. and in all countries, not only here, where i invest the opportunity to make a decision. where do you want to invest? you have several options, probably the easiest option is the easiest option to go and put money in a non-state pension fund. why because you can pay a monthly amount? well, let's say there, in my opinion, the minimum contribution starts from 2,500 rubles. per month. and forget in general about some investment strategies yet. about something else. forgetting won't work. they are insured by the state. this is not a state structure, but insured. let's do this for the most careful accurate

state structures exist, where can i take this money 10 years before the onset, they just don't, just don't. it's that, this bank also can't guarantee it's also not bad, yes, in a row, so it has an unlimited limit limits on the amount to guarantee the state of my savings. outside the state pension fund is there or not? no, i didn't understand your question. it's like a bank. yes , 400 million. yes, more, yes, no, no, here they are in the bank in the state of medicine. no, i still agree. uh, lyudmila i'm sorry, because it all depends, but here we are now this year, as i said. not serious enough yes, change is coming. well, nothing yet. we are talking about the fact that the funded part of the pension will be privatized. remember i'm at the beginning in myself he said yes, yes, depending on

what happens to our compulsory funded part , the guarantee actually depends on this, because now the system of compulsory pension insurance is in relation to it. until this happens , this is privatization, indeed lyudmila is right, she says, we now have no state of any restrictions. that is, if something happens to those in the pension fund who had money, and then the state is obliged in the amount of contributions made, yes, you should provide a pension, but if yes, yes, yes, but if the system is transformed, that is, if this part of those privatized is privatized, i will already attribute this to it. pension funds are privatized by whom the fact is that you see, remember, you said that pensioners are thrown there, yes, and in the past they threw all sorts of leaflets, the management company of the state pension fund. and why did this happen, because a person had a choice. they could

leave their funded part in the pension fund, and then it would the state management company invested the second option. transfer your funded part to your chosen, personally, not state pension fund, and the third option you had was to transfer this part, the management company will be privatized by whom this whole story will be, if it is already a private business, it will be privatized by you. that is, now, that is, we have some owners of the funded part, that is , it will be your private funded part. you do what you want, you and it's your money, you can have it, well, god forbid something. yes man happens. you can pass them on as inheritance. they can be. yes, they are transferred to someone, you can manage them. now you can also be inherited, but only at that moment, if you have never received a pension, if you have received a pension at least once now, this is not privatized. this is who these companies have or i don’t understand the meaning of the word bringing freedom in managing your

pension savings less now freedom with the privatization of such freedom will be more like this non-state pension. you can still transfer money to individual investment accounts, insurance companies to purchase a life insurance product and, uh, just a guarantee system, if now the guarantee system is in effect for the full contribution, then when they are privatized, that is, the guarantee system will be all in two times higher than in the banking system. that is, now the banking system is 1.4, yes, a million rubles will be 2.8. well, at least the fact that now the state will take the money. if, god forbid, something happens to these phones. now we have a funded part, which the state has taken place people who 2 trillion rubles is the money that we have now, and just how much funded part we are just interested in for prices of 6 4 trillion, approximately four trillion is in between states and

two trillion of the state is excellent, but i wanted, uh, to add a little to yulia, not even to add, but to explain to the viewers, yulia said in 10 years. here for 10 years. you can get information, but i wanted to talk about the youth watching us. here's the youth buying like he says or having received a diploma. they should already be thinking. you stole the question and pensions from me, because 10 years is very short, that is, according to calculations, and he will tell you, right? i calculated it purely mathematically, for example, if you want, depending on what kind of allowance you want to receive in retirement, right too? the viewers are recording. so you came to the bank, for example, at the age of 30 and deposited 5,000 into your account. if you add 10,000 rubles every month for 30 years. optimistic. yes, who at the exit, if everything is here, yes, we believe that everything will be preserved, everything, yes, how does it work? how yield works. i

didn't even deposit. i pledged at all without profitability, because it comes. i really like it. we will add lyudmila , continue, we are waiting for this figure. so, for 30 years we have put in 50,000 and every month we put in 10 at your retirement. if you have six million in your account, then you can add 20,000 to your monthly pension. this is the first option. this is what i need to spend to live past the retirement age of survival. yes 20.000 monthly x 12 - this is 20040 240 - how old is this? i have to live 6 million. i have enough. how many for 10 for 20 for more than 20 years, she is almost 30. if we take the average salary as a minimum, such

a median is 50,000. yeah, uh, the way they do in the west when we say, here they are, i read today. what are you so yes that the median is approaching approaching from 50.000. so, if you don’t have such a salary, and you want to act, for example, i don’t know how they act there in the west, when each person independently deducts monthly for pension. suppose you take five percent five percent? it's 2.500. if you will monthly save 2,500 rubles for 40 years. and again, did not take profitability. why because, it seems to me, in our conditions, to consider profitability as mortgage? well, yes, let's say even 5%, if we put in there we have to uh. hmm by the age of sixty, uh, there will be, uh, a million. uh, 400 somewhere. yes

, 1,400, respectively, if we divide this million four hundred by 20 years, then this is 70,000 / 12 months annually. well, in general, approximately here are five with something thousand mysticism, yes, compound interest, when they start at all in the sense that we do not calculate profitability, because then we are obliged to consider inflation for such a long time, of course , we understand that money. make the assumption that profitability, although this is not a saturated thing. yes now we have inflation there 12-14. yes , of course, there will probably be some losses, but in any case, it will be 5,000 for retirement. i will also add that there is such a thing as a tax deduction, which is also not state-owned when participating in the program. yes, some savings, in particular, through pension funds. they are state. you also have a tax deduction, for example, now the maximum amount is 15.600. that

is, it is 13% with a base of 120,000 rubles. per month. if you put money into an individual investment account or into a public pension fund. yes, that is , now it will pass like this or, in principle, i have a tax deduction. for what amount of 15.600 maximum per year here, that is, if you work taxes, then the mega state and annually returns this is important. yes? i must work to pay taxes as much as possible, right? well, well, how much are you 15,000, if a year is a year for 10,000, just what lyudmila said . this is her example, that is, in addition to the fact that you will have some. well, let's just say the profitability, yes, your savings in the end. uh, you still have the ability to maximize, yes, your current income through a tax deduction, why can't i just open a deposit in banks? and please replenish in the same way, where the difference is limited, because one million

four hundred now yes, what we know, uh, bank limit multiple colors. several banks are possible. why? is this also an alternative? here you can buy different real estate, firstly, there is no tax deduction in banks. this is the first. uh, second uh 15.000. well, it will probably increase. there are, uh, plans in 2023 to make this base equal to four thousand rubles, a tax deduction. here, if the base will be increased. what's interesting, then, is the possibility, er, of the inheritance of the accumulated amount. yes, in principle, in a bank , too, it is probably possible that your heirs can withdraw this money. i'm trying to and show with your help. naturally, as experts, but because the question immediately arises for me. well, how is it, as they say, the great russian people?

uh, for some reason, azerbaijan, yes, that is, why do i need these state pension funds, when i can, and save in a bottle under the mattress would be in a jar called three-liter and in a bank in a bank called an ordinary bank, yes, take it there tax deduction, what else, but a warning of retirement age. you can choose, uh, the option of receiving a lifetime pension and theoretically. can you get more than what you have saved? hmm so if you withdraw money from a bank account, that's how it is? yes, you shoot so much here, and here at the onset of retirement age, if you live longer than expected. yes, if you live on, i want to live on, do not count on age. even those monthly. you get extra. that's important, the agreed pension was used all of this, you will still continue to pay this amount, and the bank will not pay any more. and tell me, please, there is no such surcharge for experiencing.