the active position of the deputies allows the adoption of laws necessary for the socio-economic development of the country and provides feedback to citizens after the head of the cabinet. i spoke with representatives of the liberal democratic party in order to point out the active participation of the party in supporting the residents of the new russian regions of the donetsk and luhansk republics of the kherson and zaporozhye regions. a new protest in moldova opposition representatives blocked roads for more than half an hour almost throughout the country. disgruntled citizens with posters constantly crossed roads on pedestrians. crossings, preventing drivers from passing, the protesters demanded from the authorities. pay bills for gas electricity and heating, since the tariffs increased in winter were simply beyond the pockets of citizens the police said that the action violates the state of emergency, which has been in force in the republic since february last year, however , no arrests of activists were reported, i note that mass rallies pass moldova since may last year against the backdrop of a record inflation for 20 years and rising prices. in ufa, a gusty wind

overturned the dome of the minaret, the mosque under construction, arahim on salavat yulaev avenue, social media users share records of the very moment of the fall, weather forecasters reported that the wind speed in the city at that moment reached 18 m / s, the top of one of the four towers collapsed to the ground, damaging the scaffolding, it is reported that the integrity of the building itself is not violated according to the ministry of emergency situations , there were no victims, the dome will be taken to specialists who will have to install it. why did the structure not withstand the pressure of the wind? rainy tuesday promise forecasters of the capital the ministry of emergency situations issued an emergency warning. moscow diptrans advise drivers to change to public transport during the morning rush hour. public utilities, asking pedestrians to carefully look under their feet and not hide under shaky structures, nature has prepared a complete set. and rain and snow and ice and wind dug honey at seventeen meters per second. well, the hydrometeorological center explains to me that the snow cover does not emerge from the face of the city like good rain. and these are just natural

events that finally began to develop according to the spring scenario. to this darkness all have a good day. see you. on in fact, if it already seems to me, you get involved in something in ikola or in some more complex technologies. if you decide to do this, then you must. it seems to me that they accept the consequences, they try to cut them off and throw them out the window. and this is my opinion, first of all, as a psychologist, but as a person, too. you and i also had an experience of trying. uh, getting a child. this is on my own through the eco clinic, uh , unfortunately, both experiences were unsuccessful. yes, but at some point we decided

not to try again. yes, well, my position, if you want my opinion that, of course, genes are wonderful, but it is so important how a person grows, with whom he grows. and then there's the obsession with genes. we are through. it's not clear and there is an episode in the series a little spoiler a little bit at all, when one of the heroines finds out that her sister. actually her mother. uh-huh and the girl is in shock the girl is in a panic. so i was sure that the girls would be completely different next to me. do not forget. well, you still have brains. and that's what his reaction would be was the sister became. mom, what's the difference? we lived together lived together, understood each other and it often happens that a child lives with an aunt, they understand each other better. they understand better, look, i wanted to finish than and we stopped, in part, because these

technologies. eh, how would they be. progressive no matter how much they give hope, it's true, they are progressive give hope and they are, well, quite costly for health, and at some point. e, if a woman uses a couple, a man together with a woman makes this decision with such technologies. ah, at some point there comes a line beyond which, uh. this too costly in terms of health in anticipation of some kind of mental costs. and here's what you're talking about the influence of the environment. i'm using the possibilities of adopted children here. well, and i, therefore, am not afraid of foster children. i'm ready for this because i certainly believe in genetics. in a way, but in general i understand that the stratal influence is much stronger and in the end and burnt considers me his father. although how old he was when we met nine, in my opinion, eight

eight, that is, he is bio. practically son another man another man and you, but at the same time he has my habits, my gestures. it seems to me and facial expressions in part, my political views are my views on life, and then we, uh, all of us come with you. eventually. yes, to what i already said, three meters earlier about the fact that the formation of attachment, and not just environmental ones. ah, the factors. yes, but, in principle, the formation of attachment often determines, including the psychological status of a person, and including this genetic connection, mine is not mine, when i look at the facial features, they are not my. yes, but something comes to me through attachment. that is, i make mine, and then we facial features begin to change in your direction. agree. you look like me. yes? i think that if we ever decide to adopt a child, he will be like us. i 'm sure of that too, even if it's genetic, and if it's stopped, it won't genetically have anything to do with them. i think

with you will always win. genotics e no, the task is to fight the people of genetics, i would rather unite well. it seems to me that on this note, it's time to end our podcast, let me remind you. this is a schlödinger code podcast hosted by grigory tarasevich, a popular science journalist. the editor-in-chief of the magazine code schetingery and our today's guest svetlana karlovich psychologist psychotherapist and my wife. hello, i'm pilot cosmonaut anton shkaplerov, this is a podcast of space history. my guest anatoly zabroskov is my old good friend. my instructor anton is the deputy head of the department for training astronauts on simulators

of extreme conditions of space flight for this man's shoulders. about 3,000 parachute jumps over 500 hours, zero gravity training flights and more than five hundred hours of underwater work. and today we 'll talk about extreme types of training for cosmonauts anatoly i have the first question. what extreme interesting divisions does your department consist of and what is your job our department is engaged in preparing astronauts for actions after landing, e.g. in various climatic and geographical zones. uh, training astronauts in conditions weightlessness special parachute training of astronauts training of astronauts outside ship activities and providing e, selection and medical research on centrifuges. here are briefly the types that

our management provides on and off. as a matter of fact, these are the simulators that allow you to provide these types. that's what it is. here are those simulators of space conditions. well , let's talk then. uh, on what in order from the hydro laboratory, what kind of structure is this and what tasks are performed during preparation cosmonauts but this is generally a complex engineering and technical structure, in fact , it is a round pool , uh, 12 m deep, 23 m in diameter and is filled with five thousand tons of water, and uh from the point of view. that's engineering. there is a platform that can go down, climb onto this platform, those modules of the space station are mounted, or rather, models of those

modules on the surface, which the astronauts work out during the spacewalk, the necessary operations, that is, the astronauts. uh, in these conditions they work uh under water, uh in spacesuits specially designed for hydroweather work. as a rule, these works are carried out in pairs, as in a real space flight, and this very program of the spacewalk itself is worked out by astronauts, training under these conditions , spacesuits are rendered harmless under water, that is, there are pockets on the arms, legs, backs, chest helmet, into which weights are inserted, with the help of these weights , neutral buoyancy is ensured and, in fact, an astronaut. under these conditions , he feels almost similar to those the conditions of a real space flight , the conditions of a spacewalk, which uh,

well, will u feel in flight and all operations. here he is working on the ground in a hydro laboratory. there are, of course, nuances of difference from the real output. i mean, it's hydro. e among the main task is not to get. here is the effect of weightlessness. of course, he still feels that there will be a spacesuit. mm. it will turn out neutral, as you say, but inside you still feel a pull. if you are turned over , you feel something upside down. most the main thing, i think that we as an astronaut should work. uh, route and movements, because it really is a layout. uh, well, the part of the station where we will be working on the actions that you instructors, of course, do before that. you yourself are looking for the best option. e passing the best option of work, so that as little as possible spent time and energy to do their task. well, and naturally we work out. here are emergency situations up to the fact that one of the uh, cosmonauts loses consciousness. you gotta

call back it's kind of a lab task. there, working out of each exit, we have all the exits that we do. space we are at the beginning of training. under water more than once we get your approval. well, this goes on, of course. not only that, if some emergency exits , uh, are supposed, when the cosmonaut is already in orbit, then the testers work out this whole thing under water and then we yes yes even some large photo videos yes, so that we understand that a is so real . well, this applies, probably, to all types of training, so that less often than, uh, astronauts are allowed to do this training testers, uh, all these things are worked out on themselves, and just like you said, anton nikolayevich, yes, and now we are talking about weightlessness and, most importantly, where we, of course, feel. weightlessness is, of course, a short time. this is our plane 76 flight. tell us

in more detail, uh, about the plane itself, and the task that we are doing there in general. why is it necessary cosmonauts well, in general, why is it necessary? everything is very simple, the main factor in space flight, just is weightlessness, that is , initially, when an astronaut only comes to detachment e, we give e as an introductory familiarization flight items. eh, just to make the astronaut feel from the very beginning, what are these, uh, conditions of weightlessness. strictly speaking, how is this weightlessness created using the l-76 mdk aircraft itself. well, in terms of duration, a standard flight, in general , an aircraft can perform up to 20 modes. what is a mode? a little later i will dwell on the real training of astronauts - these are 10 modes. we execute the program accordingly. e, each group is inserted from the calculation of 10 modes mode. oh, he's worth it. in fact, it consists of three stages. this is a

climb. strictly speaking, weightlessness itself and e conclusion from a dive. in the first stage e from a height of approximately 6.000. uh, and in the climb of, uh, about nine thousand altitudes, with acceleration the plane is gaining altitude, an overload is affected, which is somewhere around two alive, well, that is, uh, a person really feels it, as if a person of the same mass was put on their shoulders , and now it presses into the floor and further. as a matter of fact, uh, the pilot translates the rudders. dive. but here, by of inertia for another 200-300 meters, the plane continues to climb and further decreases, that is , uh, from the moment the pilot switched the rudders to a dive. in fact, it's already working. eh, weightlessness , its duration is about somewhere around 25-28

seconds in total, and then it goes into horizontal flight. it works again. the same overload with a duration of about the most somewhere in the order of 20-25 seconds 25 28 seconds. for this regime here. uh, actually put on a flight suit. moreover , independently, which, as it were, is a test performed repeatedly. and uh, these uh, 28 seconds allow you to work out some typical operations, those that astronauts do. uh, well, they are often used in space, that is, as if to say, to drink the same water. uh, put on a spacesuit there to fly. uh, and in a spacesuit you can work out those manipulations with some kind of e substitute connectors, if uh, the program of

work in the weekend spacesuits, and there are those that are used on the plane and in the anchor to become - this such a special device which allows, uh, to enter it with your feet and fix it. for further work , it was convenient to work, yes, but the only difference here is that he, uh, taking into account these only 28 seconds and twenty-five. it will still be necessary to have time to get out of this anchor, so this training is like that. e, in general, it is aimed at ensuring that he learns to work with what he really uses. e in space flight, but taking into account these are the restrictions, you also need to provide yourself with safety . weightlessness itself is not like pilots. she was familiar and maybe even more somewhere in time to do. but when you're sitting in the cockpit of a bmw on an airplane, you're strapped in and you can't really feel it. how a person behaves and in general weightlessness and i remember

it was a surprise for me. there are special bags there, 50 kg each, yes, which are weightless . clearly, there is no weight, but nobody canceled physics, so we push each other. that's when you catch and feel. that's when you catch it move. you push off, the nightmare of the plane floor on the ground. our gravity will return the jump back to you, it doesn’t return anything there i remember his first impression, but you try to push off in order to reach the imprinted, yes, yes, only 4 m, but it seemed to me that he pushed off strongly. here i managed to put my hands. well, then, when the first conclusion was from the peak, then, of course, it’s good that the whole floor of insults, uh, mats, because it depends somewhere up there, i understand that there, well, the siren is coming. yes, what starts to display, but if you are not fixed nearby. you can't push something away. i understood somewhere the isolation of one of the instructors. well, apparently, we understand, even my experience, uh, flying and still managed

to grab me and, let's say, land on these mats, so everything is clean. there are these mats from a height of four meters, if there are two units with an overload. it will practically come, yes, from eight meters you can hurt yourself and hurt yourself quite well, so the main task of the testers who are in the cabin, in addition to the fact that they work out and participate in experiments. the same activities. yes, some new methods of the program are being developed. they must provide security. first of all, on these airplanes. there is even a commercial flight, in principle, anyone. can e pay money to fly to experience weightlessness and the famous formula-1 drove the plane to shoot commercials. very interesting work in general. a very interesting program was we carried out the pistol in zero gravity for 8 seconds.

3 seconds should be enough, uh, one and eight tenths of a second. yes, it's a world record. one of the formula one teams stopped and actually. they are in terms of what can be done even cooler, yes, when racing formula 1, there are specifics in terms of 500, yes, that is, it's here to do 500 weightlessness and, in fact, here, going back to time, yes to a limited time. we managed four people. we got up on the ceiling not with his head. uh, four people were on the ground picking up these are our instructions. well, in general, it was planned that real mechanics would deal with these things? yes, formula 1, but having flown a fact-finding flight. they said that for no money we uh, not that da was them. strictly speaking, not very good, not very comfortable, and therefore actually. here i am talking four people raised the pain, turned it

around 180 °, removed the wheels, but new wheels were put in, those that stood down. oh, they put on these wheels, but, uh, they docked with the car, the car turned 180 ° and was placed on the bottom. and these people had to ensure, first of all, their safety, and which stood on the ceiling of the whole thing. yes, in any case, the wheel is heavy, well, in zero gravity it is not so heavy if it starts to really drive at g-forces twice as much or more. uh, as if insuring testers naturally, then there is, well, on the plane anyway, it is necessary to ensure safety. god forbid , something will fly somewhere in the wrong place and quite beautifully. these are the things here.

i ask, who are you the voice of spring in an updated state on friday at the first and anton shkappers and we continue our conversation with anatoly boot about extreme types of training astronauts i led to parachute training. for me, it was always not just interesting; for me, it was always exciting. and when they ask me what was the hardest thing you had to prepare for flight into space from all trainings, including extreme ones. naturally, i always say, for me. it was parachute training. well , it's not a secret for anyone that we are pilots, in fact, we don't really like to jump with a parachute. i even have such a hmm saying. we don't even understand. why leave a plane that flies normally, the system works for it. why is he leaving the plane? even my colleagues. they know, well

, the countries who served there in the american army in the european ones. they are those who not a single jump. although he is a professional pilot. there i don’t know 800 landings on the deck, but i never jumped with a parachute. we are supposed to do this two jumps a year as a military pilot, so when we came to the detachment , uh, the first, well, one of the first. exactly, well, or the first extreme training was parachute, why is it needed by an astronaut at all. we have nothing to do with parachuting. i say, flying directly into space, it is clear that we are returning under the dome with a parachute, but we do not control it. we can say right away that is, this is already a matter of technology for professional politicians. well, obviously not cosmonauts. why? here you are forcing us to jump. uh, with a parachute. and it got to the point that we did six jumps a day, that is, for a business trip for 3 weeks, somewhere around 70 jumps, or even more . well, actually, if so briefly in the historical background, the first six space flights. uh, well, on russian ships, they ended up

in ejection during the descent stage. well, this is when yes, single-single, when group flights became, just here is the dilemma, how in the manner of the three who are together to eject the descent apparatus. it turned out that this is practically unrealistic to do. so this is how, uh, you noticed, uh, collective means of rescue are used, that is, uh, a parachute area, it has 1.000 m², 1.4. when landing , the engine soft landing and so on and here e came to e, as this foreground is a psychological preparation. that is, we have, uh, the task of teaching an astronaut to become a parachutist there. yes, to make a parachutist out of him is such a task, in principle, no, we use. yes, as a means to an end. and the goal is such that the astronaut must be immersed in stressful conditions in the easiest way on earth. that's create these stressful conditions.

i will ask this jump there, because it is protracted. it's not easy, yes, when the first jumps. yes, this is a free concept, well, if from four thousand, it's exactly 2 minutes, well, 60 seconds. yes , depending on the posture and mass of the fall posture and the mass of skydivers. there may be a little correction, but something like this 3.040 seconds 3 km so, uh, immerse the astronauts these stressful conditions to teach him to deal with this stress initially at the first stage, the main task in the future, when the ability to overcome this stress appears, to teach him to work in these stressful conditions. and uh, it is necessary, how to note, that this is not just a parachute jump. yeah, i mean, uh, to uh train skydivers, there are skydiver training programs. there so-called progressive fall. here, uh, the bottom line is, that is, i’ll immediately ask the parachute, there, like

the wing, uh, it separates with two instructors and until the instructors are convinced that this man is in their tenacious hands. yes, he is adequately trained, he fulfills e requirements. which instructors are showing him so far. yes, there give the legs to tighten the legs pick up the hands to simulate the opening of the parachute and so on. they won't let him go. that is, and in stages there are several levels, a person comes to an independent jump. we have a different task for this preparation. we, on the contrary, have a special parachute yes cooking cosmos, it just means. here are all these aspects, that is, uh, we have the task, on the contrary, is to make the astronaut feel that he is alone. here he is in the boundless sky, to be affected by the maximum possible amount of this stress, if the quantity can be measured, the process somehow happens and happens so that the first

jumps, uh, astronaut are made with a round dome. he's true, controllable about control. we, that is, you can make u-turns there and so on. well, from the first jump of the cosmonaut, they perform a parachute jump with additional equipment. that is it voice recorder with microphone. which are bred to have a protective helmet and in the process of all stages of the jump, the astronaut, uh, is reporting and uh, to the extent. eh, here are these jumps from simple to complex, we have all types of training astronaut. it turns out already when the instructor sees there that he is able to switch to the planning shell. he changes to another, uh, type, uh parachute technique, such as a wing, yes, which allows, uh, to minimize the influence of weather conditions and so on, but to ensure safety, nevertheless, the astronaut. he feels he is alone. yes but he is always under the supervision

of instructors. yes, if reporting should still be carried out, certain tasks are being performed. yes, that is, and, as it were, what you see begins. yes, uh, delays that allow you to just solve these additional tasks are given. they can be cards, there are countless logical mathematical options up to chess studies and so on, or there is another interesting problem when the red linen ones are laid out. on the ground, the direction of the report is indicated and a binary code is read, which is then converted to decimal all this time freely. it's all during the free time to pronounce it all to speak absolutely yes, and moreover, then on the ground they check the correctness of the solution of this problem, the instructors evaluate the emotional fund of psychologists. and also i didn’t have time to make the correct decision, because safety is still the main thing

in this preparation and at an altitude below 1,000 m. anyway, the astronaut must open the request, so time is, as it were, limited because of this, time must be as it would seem to be in time a lot of i remember your colleague when the clock is ticking. he produced the third parachute at 10 seconds. in 3 seconds, he uttered ten digits absolutely clearly. and no one on earth can repeat this business. so i couldn't. well, yes, it works there. uh, when time stretches there on one side, the instructor is sure to jump. he is given nearby, at least two instructors, one of them for free, who films his jump. he starts shooting another helicopter, then nearby. and when we finish our jumping day, then there are analyzes, just right, well, our specialists the instructors superimpose what you said on the video that was filmed and, in principle , you can see at that moment something that you saw, because if it stays all the time , even someone managed to robotically make these

various figures there, yes, well, first of all, you remember your most interesting task. you initially run it in for yourself, in principle, everything is, as it were, interesting. yes, there was a moment when it was very difficult. do you remember such a task - black and red tables that are there on the ground. very lead numbers very hard fifteen, there up to one, yes, and alternating. well that's uh complicated ground. task by the way, but i have, by the way, on the contrary, i set records for e, score, yes, this task, and on the ground i didn’t seem to like it in a minute it didn’t fit. well, this is in the initial stages, then something. first of all, uh, this is uh, the feeling of stress. yes, and the feeling of danger is always there. well, because if a person does not feel danger when performing a parachute jump, he simply should not be allowed to these

things. but here i am not afraid to see him as a psychologist. yes, yes, but uh, there was an interesting case when we, uh, in one of the organizations, performed jumps while still in the military, and uh. we have a good tradition of giving a soft toy in the process of free fall to the hero of the day. the hero of the day is considered to be a person who has reached some significant figures there in crumbs. yes, there are from 100 there and further, well, thousands are already there , two thousand there and so on. well, in the process of free fall, he is given this toy as a keepsake and the whole thing. naturally, it is fixed on video. and how would such a good memory remain. here in in general, local experts. they came up to us and asked that one of the local e, had the anniversary of a thousand jumps there and asked us to organize it. here's a little

holiday. well, in general, so that we dismantled the figure on the ground, everyone knew in what place to approach this figure. it's called beautiful. she's a formation, in free fall. several people there, up to 20, as if joining together form something beautiful yes, which can be seen from the ground and on the video is very beautiful, and in order to separate more densely some of the people who participated in the jump come out helicopter. usually there first. the operator comes out to fix from below. and he has the possibility of falling due to the fact that he has a special overall such wings, he has. so, as if to see everyone, i separate. so. here we three went outside the helicopter, and local specialists separated a small group of three people, and everyone who remained in the cabin had to approach them and agreed. so i'm out. i see that there were my colleagues, as if

they were ready to turn around and nod. this is the command for separation of this whole group here never. i turned around, it turned out that i was not watching anyone, then turned around. to find out how my colleagues who are outside the aircraft felt, i already watch and videographers. no. as a result, well, it's impossible not to shout there, of course. we look at each other like that. in general, we decided to go back inside the helicopter. and so, when we went back and forth, the crew had eyes. in general, they reported to the ground that, in principle, the entire group had left, yes, but two for some reason, then returned. here we are, sergei georgich, which means we have such an interesting story in our arsenal. e your first jump, when the recorders hung everything up. i did everything and said everything as they said. what number jumped there, well, everything is fine, it's safe. and in the evening, when they put it on the big screen. uh, they put uh, sound and

video and started showing. well, let's sit and watch. this is how they show me from the outside. i had to speak, something once separated, something is making noise there. well i think, well, okay technique you need to connect this kolechek. i almost did. well, this one ended, everyone watched, like, maybe again, we'll see, only with sound. but yes, sergey yuryevich malikov is ours. uh, the head of the collection says, well, look at the real jump. so he didn't say a single word. i say, yes, i said what he was talking about and heard the noise. this is first. do you want to listen. it was the sound of a helicopter. that is, he wrote, yes, the second one was the noise when you fell later, when you actually opened up considering. i am a professional pilot. yes , i flew so much, as if i’m not afraid of heights, and then i had such stress that i spoke to myself, but it seemed to me that i was talking to a microphone. so he didn't say a single word. so, what are these, uh, jumps, well, it’s understandable that they don’t prepare us for parachute jumps,

like an astronaut, but you struggle psychologically. well, astronauts in the process. that's just what i watch the environment. we now demand so that not e. looking at the video analysis on the video, it was clear where he was what is he and and how is he? yes, that is, what does it do, in what area does it do it? in general, and how it goes to the landing, because there the calculation of the touchdown point is also separate there. here is just a groove near the ground. let's talk about survival explanations. what types of accommodation are there in general, where is a very large part of our work. uh, that is, in general, it is correctly called the preparation of astronauts for actions after landing. e in various e, climatic and geographical zones, that is, the orbi band, it is clear. it runs through almost all possible zones. there continents and so on, so the astronaut must be able to er, after landing. well, normally,

when the landing takes place. clearly, after 20 minutes, a maximum, search, rescue forces on signals to the right point, yes, which the bolists calculated there, er, serious composition. search and rescue forces are concentrated there, but there is a possibility that something will go wrong . the probability is, well, how did it come about? and in general, we began to survive, we got the so-called. uh, after they're all arch-furnace leonov miss their commander or hmm yes, they hit the wrong point. it is 100 km, the nearest road. and after that, they almost died. after that, it was decided that the apparatus would have the necessary equipment in order to survive for three days. yes, almost three days e directly human. this is nasima, an emergency stock, in which we complete and with which we always complete the descent apparatus. it is just designed to

ensure the life of the cosmonauts' activities for three days in any zones, because it is not clear there are short people. if anything, not the calculated one will go, yes, either in the south, or where it is already cold, and so on. and we are currently conducting the following set of trainings. that is, these are trainings on actions after landing in a wooded swampy area in winter, now we are just going through this training cycle. this is training in the steppe. in winter, it is preparation for action after landing in the desert in summer, when the most difficult conditions are in terms of heat, heat, and so on. this is mountain training and post-landing training and each of these types wear their own features as far as mountain training is concerned , here is a feature. eh, such that, in principle, there are mountains.