biological age uh, body organs become obsolete, where indicators that are included in biological age uh, heart breathing metabolism. well, in general, we don’t like it, because we would like, yes, to do it all the same. it was like putting something more alive. i've been doing some more research. well, it's so easy. in a sense, if desired, anyone can check it. i watched the life expectancy of the astronauts and it is clear that they all had perfect health. i compared those who flew into space and those who did not fly those who flew longer, lived longer, who experienced all the same training loads, well, for the cosmonaut detachment there is a risk, but it does not accomplish its feat. it's not about physiology. more like something about meaning. here, apparently, when people accomplish a feat that is personal for them until the achievements that are supported by society, but this is

the gratitude of society. this is also important glory and admiration. in general, this gives us something , look, here is a story about astronauts. she is very suggestive. maybe still the question is somewhat of such an iron pattern of our body and our aging, and in a certain purpose of life. so i read studies where they analyzed the dates of death and the date of birth of a person and his children. and it turns out that fewer children die before the birthday of their own than immediately after. that is, how the body is mobilized to celebrate the third with children there, and then let go, in general, how much sense the well-known influence our physiology. yes phrase. yes, if a person has a reason to live, he will live. and if there is a why live, he dies. this must be a very difficult study. this is exactly what to study. i don't know researchers who

could. exactly this is subjected to experimental verification, so that a person has a global meaning. why live prolongs his life about astronauts. here we have done good research, yes, but what happened there is complex research. viktor frankl, who he made a concentration camp, what did those who understand? why scientific research, but the subjective observation of man. well, of course, we are an experiment. he slager can not bring, she remembered who i do not know who is a wonderful psychologist. he ended up in a fascist concentration camp and introduced constant monitoring of himself and those around him and actually freed himself. you created well , a special area of ​​psychology associated with meaning, and he owns a wonderful quote, taken from experience in a concentration camp. who knows? than to withstand anyone, like those who understood why they live even in the hellish

conditions of a concentration camp, those who were deprived of this sense survived more often, probably, it was so, if we objectively studied, rather everything, we would confirm it. god forbid, of course, i understand, but if we don’t live in a concentration camp, but imagine a person alone has a reason to live there, he has some kind of global goal, and the other person just lives, that is, he, as it were, has no global meaning but he's not at the end of the camp. he just lives, who lives longer, that is, will there be such a sense of the need to live. here's another 10 years. to extend the life of a person in relation to one who does not have such a need, that's the question of what, uh, and to this question. it's like i don't know the answer. yes, it would be very interesting to investigate this, but i don't even know how this factor works yet. objectify asking a person why do you have a reason to live? well, maybe through the profession, after all, agree that people who

can support their work almost indefinitely. well, artists, writers, scientists, after all, they live more often longer than those whose work is cut off once and for all. well, doctors, for example, you all retired in the hospital. you are people, you do not treat your professional sense disabled. and your neighbor is an artist. he paints pictures paints people should be equalized, if we want to compare not artists and doctors, but two doctors of one doctor, it makes sense. well, it makes no sense for an artist to have one. the meaning of the artists is also different meaning they have different meaning difficult, measurable value. of course, this is not physics. we had a study in russia, also an objective study of the life expectancy of different categories of people, which turned out to be academicians. indeed, academicians of the academy of sciences live longer than mountains. didn't hear it very well. well, yes, and what

let's say ordinary professors. that is, it turns out that, well, so to speak, achievements. well here's an opportunity to work long meets a higher career level. ah makes it possible to live longer. let's dream a little. still, we all want to live longer longer does not age longer to be young cheerful. as i understand it, science is now looking for ways. how to extend the youth of a person to make him ageless, like a rodent from africa, the head of a digger, who they say does not age and almost does not get sick, they still die, but more often they mention some african. he nailed it there with a shovel. how realistic is it for us to live there for a hundred and twenty years, yes 130. that's what science is saying about it now the question of what life expectancy depends on, we also conducted

studies on twin twin pairs in russia and then compared with other data. well calculate the percentage, which depends on the environment, which heredity. in general, somewhere in russia, 36% of life expectancy depends on heredity. it is everything else of the environment. and in america it was like study. there they received 25% of heredity. the rest of the environment. on the one hand. it seems to be so cool, but on the other hand. if you analyze it this way, it does not mean that, let's say, you have passed up to 50 years. yes, it's only 36% i can live. up to fifty. it rather means that there is some kind of, apparently, supposedly life limit that is being programmed. biologically and now it is believed that this is a fairly large limit of 100-120 years. well, something like this and whether it should be argued, and we can organize like this

our lives to live these, well, let it be 100 years. uh, sound solid memory. well good health. here, too, we will now talk about psychology, because it is clear that medicine is working on this biology. well, who just does not work, looking for their own ways. and we seem to be saying that we can offer psychologists for this opportunity somehow. here we will call sharing your life to increase its productive period of life. well, here is my colleague from st. petersburg university. they devised a strategy. well extension of the productive period of life good condition. there are 22 factors. some of them are good sleep, other food control, healthy lifestyle and so on. well, they suggested that our human life consists of three big ones. the spheres of work in ourselves are free time, yes, working has already said that successful work prolongs, life is a good prosperous family, loving, in

principle, also for life, but it depends on us. well, we settled on the fact that what we can advise psychology. this is free time management. and because i can say you need a successful job all without me. if they want , i can say, i recommend you a prosperous, kind, loving, materially prosperous family. so this is understandable without me. but how to organize free time? here is the question. in fact, we have developed a program that allows you to choose the right resources, that is, what to do in your free time. what hobby is recommended for a particular person? what kind of sports hobby is needlework for someone , someone has a solution hobby, someone has an intellectual activity, that is, something like this, that is, choose the right one. spending time in free time and thus subjectively increase your time. thanks a lot. still, i will briefly summarize, how to make more time, how to increase it is to do what you love, no matter how trite it sounds to think about

what you have, besides work and home. what are the hobbies? what are the activities to choose the right hobby plan for the long term. and, of course, saturates your life with meaning. thank you very much tatyana thank you very much our viewers and listeners with you are a podcast from jendinger, and i am its host grigory tarasevich and many thanks to tatiana berezina, who was in our today's guests a professor at the moscow state pedagogical university pedagogical university , department of extreme psychology. thank you tatyana thank you. hello, i'm pilot cosmonaut anton shkapper is a space history podcast. today igor adolfovich

marinin is my guest, journalist, academician of the tsiolkovsky russian academy of cosmonautics, 27 years old. he was the editor-in-chief of the magazine space news, and today we will talk about space journalism. here are sports journalists. igor, you can safely be attributed to space journalists. please tell us what is space journalism and in general what are you doing now? well, in general, you correctly said that journalism is different, including space journalism, there is also television and radio journalism. i consider myself among the journalists who write like this in the ninety-first year with my help , a magazine was organized by the production of the magazine astronautics news. and from that year until 18, we released it, uh, with varying degrees of success. and as you said, he was, well, without too much

modesty, the only one in the world. whole, uh, space and popular magazine. uh, unfortunately, uh commercial structures that supported us, they could not stand the competition. eh, i was forced to hand over the magazine to roscosmos, and it began to be called. uh no, mosquitoes, still let out. uh, funded and published space news magazine. but continued to be dmitry rogozin decided merge the two magazines that they published by the associations of participants in space activities, russian russian space, and merge us into one magazine and publish russian space, well, they remained. as a result, we alone released 401. the magazine, even in this mode, decided that printed matter was not needed at all, and therefore all forces were thrown. that is january 1 of this year. we don't have a russian space magazine. yes, not

a single entirely space magazine. him now uh specialists and journalists of this magazine. now. hope we work on a portal to promising technologies that convey to the masses. uh, the space achievements of our country. you have been in space journalism for over 30 years. yes, you are engaged in space, he knows very deeply that you are a major specialist. so what do you think we should do? which way to go, so that the popularization, and patriotic cosmonautics and manned piloting, would be much wider than it is now. uh, that's what we need to do here in russia so that as many russians as possible know. space where does the money go and in general, than we are ahead of the rest of the planet here the situation is rather complicated. the fact is that the consumers of space information. they are different, you can make magazines. and uh, as you

say, what are we the planet of the whole to bring to mind, uh, they are the majority of the common man. yes , this is now done with the help of the internet, but this is all instantaneous. but historical information about what our competitors are doing abroad is practically impossible to get. that is, it is necessary to set a task about yourself, and find it on the internet, and even in a foreign language read it in some narrow direction, because now a printed publication that would talk about what we are doing and what is being done abroad can be compared and even specialists. who work in the space industry, who make interplanetary station spacecraft, how do they find out what their competitors are doing abroad. at what level all this is done in this is a big problem, and

about the people who are interested. even now , i’ve moved away a little from foreign astronautics and it’s a very big problem to find out what was there 5 years ago, for example, or where did the american or the same chinese station fly, uh, around the moon, where can i get this information, except for the written magazine? there is no such source to be found now, even on the internet or to find it, but for a very long time . therefore, here it is necessary to combine popular materials for all readers for any person, which is being done now, in general, at a fairly good level, but at the same time time to carry some information about foreign and analogues of our work, but of a deeper quality more reliable. e on the printed edition, which he keeps to himself as fucking scans, which can be easily found, and so on. it

seems to me that this is the direction. we have now, after the closure of the magazine , suffered greatly for so long you are astronautics. you didn’t try to read at some competitions. and at what cosmodromes now we are talking not only about baikonur, of course , of course, of course, i had to do it in general, i came to space journalism in the ninetieth year. e in the small enterprise videokos and together with them. i started driving to star city in the tsup to spaceports and so on, so in all this time i visited seventy-two launches. of these, 26 were manned. of these, six were emergency or partially emergency shot with their own eyes. yes, that's six, in my opinion, or four or six. i was returning from the spaceports. e non-salty slurped, that is

, the launch was postponed for technical reasons, and it was not possible to wait for it to fly next time, so it returned and so on. here are my stats. well, you are now talking about emergency launches. maybe tell me, well, about one from two emergency guns are different. eh, the most common is something happening somewhere far away, that is, the rocket flew away there too, either the second stage, or the third stage, or something is wrong with the apparatus. it happens. it doesn't impress. well, rather, they produce, of course, because instead of celebrating, then the celebration goes on. eh, dismantling, as it were, well, a funeral, let's say the funeral service for an item that has been prepared for many years. well, in my experience it was the coolest. this is may 1996. when the military launched the comet spacecraft

- this is our reconnaissance, e, cartographic apparatus then was here, but it was supposed to shoot individual american regions on request and paid for by american millionaires. and then i, like the photo correspondent of the magazine and the assistant operator, we were then at just the 31st site from where the cosmonauts of baikonur are now. yes, we stood right on the edge of the gas outlet channel on the side and filmed from there with a rocket. well, probably 200 meters, and e missiles flew away. uh, my operator, uh, rolls up a movie camcorder there btkmovsky, such was a healthy unit. and no, there is nothing to do. i 'm looking at where she's gone. usually there is visible, such as a cross, as yes separates from the first degree. so i'm waiting, waiting, but this is not and is not,

i think something is not there. and suddenly i see some sparkles appeared. look, you and i filmed 20 launches already there. maybe you haven't seen anything like it. well, it's the weather and the phenomenon. probably it did not pass through the cloud. i watch these sequins turn into petals, like leaves are flying from a tree, and then it all poured out into fragments of the fairing, which began to fall around us. different sizes, and from these to accidents to meter ones. yes, it turns out, as we later learned at the forty-ninth second from the air load. the fairing collapsed. well , of course, the emergency shutdown of the engine rocket flew. eh, and where are the mountains? we haven't seen this far, but here are the wreckage, because it's the first seconds, tens of seconds. it's vertically falling right at the launch site, and we've picked up a few pieces of debris. the bus was waiting for us already behind the checkpoint, they came to the checkpoint, got on

the bus, and he brought us an observant the point where these same millionaires stood, where the head of the cosmodrome was making noise at alexei alexandrovich, and there was a live broadcast of 525 seconds. obviously okay. and what happened was interesting. uh, a big piece fell out. uh, fell between the launch pad. we made noise at the observation post. he sent fighters to the gaziki to bring him, and so they brought him and put him at the bottom of this observation post himself. and it turned out that on this fragment the emblem of the space forces is splayed. well, of course, i can’t even take it off. in terms of they never let it be published in the magazine, but six months later the space forces liquidated them, merged them with the rvs, and i put this picture on the cover as a symbol of the end of

the space forces of that time. you know, this one is interesting, but we have combined night and rear launches, of course, both of them. and whether some night vacation will be filled is still completely different. no, first, probably, about the daytime, because i had, uh, two such, uh, unique things when i shot daytime flat ones, even three, that means the first time. uh, that means baikonur when i left, i watched from the np there, more than 2 km , it's not interesting. well, in the sense the impression is not so bright, after that. the next launch to pilot the release, when malenchenko with the kazakh cosmonaut , they flew to soldiers with a talgat. so i asked to land the plane. you won’t remember everything right away at the crossing to drop off they left. and i made my way along the railway tracks directly to the territory of the launch complex, then

there was security. god knows what holes were all clear, all those 2.5 hours. i lay in the sun. it was summer, fox, i went there and that's it. and i lay with an ordinary camera without a telephoto. i wanted to shoot so that the rocket was in the frame itself. and so i lay down on these rails. that's it, then something scared me. i went down a little. i think, if anything, you need to wind it from there, and now this rocket takes off. there was still black-and-white film. and so i took it off. uh, their start is right frame. e camera. uh, zenith with a conventional helios lens flew right into the frame. here is the first one. there, well, he almost died of fear, in fact, because, well, this is and most importantly, the noise in the square rose from this pit rocket. there was warmth in it. no, it was hot there at all, because it was felt no, then it was not felt.

but the next time i was invited, uh, take a photo of the bunker, uh, barmin, as they call it, it is located on the very edge, so it’s 150 m from it. so, that means i took pictures from there. it already feels warm there, especially if wind and debris are flying from the gas outlet at you. somehow, uh, the first american flew off and so on. i feel that the wind will not let me normally take off. all that smoke here. i climbed on the roof of this bunker. so they take off and flew at me. all this garbage. i took two shots, because like this, there was a splash and it was as if they were pouring a dowel on me from a shovel. he literally. here on the roof there was such a fence, it was about half a meter. so i lay down behind her, and this very thing poured me. it was also cool. and of the night launches, the most beautiful, probably was when they launched. eh, zenith at night, that was an amazing sight. we

, too, uh, persuaded the press service. well then the military owned all this and agreed very easily. it means that they would not bring us to the np, but take us somewhere to the steppe and closer. we approached, and there, uh, somewhere below the knees, well, just below the knees there is snow, and here we are in these snowdrifts like moose, so on well, there the launch complex is visible and right in a straight line, how much later i say, 5 minutes left until launch, you need to install the camera. they put the camera, so it flew. and this is frost , it was probably more than 20 degrees, and it passed through some clouds and it turned out such a multi-colored firework that i just i was taken aback in the photo, of course, the camera didn’t take anything to shoot either. but it was an amazing picture, because now the steppe was first illuminated. eh, in such a yellowish color, then the horn rolled up from the crackling of these

most powerful engines. they are more powerful than the usual soyuz, which is even louder and a plus when it has risen by 20 meters by 30 everything. it's like this rainbow circles went in different directions. and while he was flying. it was such an enchanting sight that i simply remembered it for the rest of my life and more beautiful. i didn't see anything. even protons flew. everything is nothing similar. i didn't see it that's it frost and weather and zenith is unique. it was, and at the launch of the first iss module, i was also lucky to be a witness. they launched it from the ninety-fifth platform. rather. we were at the ninety-fifth site, and we were allowed to shoot from some hotel. i don't know from someone on the roof of some house. and so we filmed everything, it seemed to fly away. we went down, then they loaded us into a car,

then they took us to the ninety-fifth platform. there is this house of culture. we were there, so we drank coffee, there, probably, 2 1/2 hours passed and e yuri nikolaevich koptev was then in charge, and roskosmos began to come out uh, one uh to the microphone and began to talk. we are sitting listening to something like a holiday, it seems to have flown away, it seems, everything is fine and it was like this, it went , what happened? that suddenly means, from behind the scenes. a person comes out. went to the opt. he said something to him, smiled wholesale and said, well, now i can congratulate, then, e module. uh, the whole system is alive, it's open, it's manageable. he is the same thing, then it turned out, it turns out that after the first revolution on him could not lay down the control program for the next one to increase the orbit. and just

after two turns, they invested in him for it and he immediately began to fulfill it, they reported to him about this , and now the copter said that everything was fine. it also filled up, because the rapture was such a hall, which is simple, because everyone already thought they were scratching their heads. i think everything was lost, they filled up the first module of the iss and, by the way, this year was also 25 years old. this is the very, very module of international space communications, the world was still flying then, right? and literally a year later, yes it flooded. what do you think, uh, should have continued to fly the world or really. i believe that this decision was the only correct one. the fact is that for 15 years the world flew off, having exceeded the calculated resources by 2 1/2 times by five. and there , the irreversible processes that we encountered really began. well, the first cool ones are, uh, the twenty-third expedition

of qibli by the slozhutkins, where they have there. almost the entire expedition was in continuous situations, and then it all went and leaks and uh, short circuits and so on, that is, every year the cost of maintaining this complex in orbit in a state began to increase; this reduced the scientific productivity of the astronauts. this is the first option, the second option, that we basically had a project of our world, two stations . well, in the then state of the country's economy, we would not have pulled it alone, that is, same second station, right? well, it’s not exactly the same, of course, it’s changed and that’s it, but in principle, modules with a volume in terms of cost for the same modules are all the same, that is, it’s hmm economically. we wouldn't pull it. this is the second argument, and the third argument is that we are on the world er very well. e, implemented

space e-commercial activities. that is, tourists began to fly there, americans began to fly there, who began to pay money, and so on, and at the same time the americans developed their own station, which for 10 years in cooperation from all over europe with japan, uh, invested a lot of money in it, but they did not start this business in any way, but in the end they would start up and then practically half the world, most of it. i would go there, and we even if we could build something of our own, we would not be able to earn any money on it, and so on. that is, we would not be able to conduct international cooperation, so yuri nikolayevich koptev and, yuri pavlovich semyonov went to the states and suggested that the americans use the backup of our base unit as an fgb. uh and around him just

when they offered, uh, his possibilities and so on. uh, the station started up, after all, our modules in gb and zarya they are still the largest at the american station, functionally the cargo block charges this is our main service module. yes, these are two large modules, which, in principle, could become the second station in the world, 2, but, as i understand it, for money. well, if it were. it is, as it were , considered to be part of the russian segment of the russian, but in the american it is registered for the americans. well, well, i would note that until now the iss is huge now, but our modules are the largest in 22 tons, not a single american european module of such a mass has science flew recently. this is the last module of our ours well, yes, now until the twenty-eighth. yes signed already, well

now until the twenty-eighth. although i think up to the thirtieth, because, again, the americans. uh, they have already signed contracts for the supply of their own. cosmonauts until the thirtieth year and on ships and cargo and manned and the japanese, that is, everyone is already planning until the thirtieth. i think that ours will also agree to the thirtieth, but in this case it is also beneficial for us, because now we are developing a project. this is the end of the preliminary design. e new station that will fly over the poles. and over the entire territory of our country. this is also the first time here are the russian ones to design. before the first launch , it will just be, uh, the same 5 years, so that we don’t have a break in manned flights, so that there is no disruption in the production of spacecraft, so that there is no e violation in the training of cosmonauts

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rubles. i am anton shkaplerov and we continue our conversation with igor marin, an expert in the space industry. but the americans have already flown around the fall of the moon of mars, but i have an unmanned mode moon moon yes, but it's the americans that we do not participate in the artemis 1 program. yes, we do not participate. well, here, uh, such a little bit of a political question, because that it’s one thing when we participate in parity in another case, when we, we were offered to be contractors for the manufacture of one part for the american artemis program, that is, not on equal terms. uh, not at all on an equal footing, namely to be contractors. for god's sake let them order us, we will make them, but we are not participants in this program. we are contractors, we have done something or we will do something, here is another option.

uh, we have a roadmap signed with the chinese now. hmm. on the exploration of the moon in this map. as far as i know, our uh, unmanned versions of automatic stations with their unmanned variants and they er, just last week. e, for the first time , at one of the exhibitions inside their china , they showed outlines of their prototypes for the moon and e as part of this project. we should start cooperating with them. here but why do we fly to the moon, here is the question, if earlier it was a purely political decision, the americans wanted to show that after losing with the first satellite, with the first astronaut, with the first woman, with the first group flight. they wanted to show that they could do something, they set themselves

the task of landing on the moon in the year 1962. they did it, but they canceled three trips to the moon, they did six, and they canceled three because there was nothing to do. yes, it's expensive. how many 300 kg the stones brought, they brought nothing special in them, but at the end of the 20th century they found signs of a large amount of ice on the moon , despite the fact that there is no atmosphere and so on. and this means that you do not need to carry water there. this means that during its electrolysis water decomposes into oxygen and hydrogen oxygen for breathing hydrogen for engines for energy. that is, it greatly reduces the cost of work on the surface of the moon further, since there is a lot of water there, it means that you can already do this by 90%. so, because now it remains only to scoop up this very soil and

explore it. and this is exactly what our automatic station luna 25 will do , which will land for the first time in the region of the south pole, take soil from here and see if there is water and so on, but it's not about water. just, uh, water and water. well, you can there get, and in fact, that's the way we have a big problem, it turns out on earth with various materials, in particular rare earth metals and metals. platinum class they are in the next 30-40-50 years on earth , their resources will almost run out, and on the moon they appear to have hit the moon with the help of meteorites. and the meteorites crashed the surface. and it is not necessary to dig, mines. it doesn't have to make a big career. you just need to collect it from the surface and choose

what we need, these rare earth metals and the platinum group. there are enough of them and secondly, the resources of the moon are replenished, because meteorites are still falling on it. in our country, they burn up in the atmosphere and nothing remains on the earth, but they fall on the moon and in this way these resources are replenished, so the point is, in 30-40-50 years, to bring from the moon these materials that are not enough on earth, which will end. on earth , it makes sense, so everyone seemed to pay attention to the moon now after a very long break, that the americans had such an idea that after uh did not finish the program iss to transfer some private hands to someone and sell it, who will monitor it and thereby develop it. ah, space tourism. how do you look at it? e. well, i see this

as a positive question. only here there are a lot of difficulties that are very difficult to overcome . the fact is that, well, the station can be shot down by those modules that are outdated and can be built up with modules. which americans will already make commercial structures to maintain it. but who will manage them, that the ground structures of nasov will manage commercial station. if they pay, probably, this is it and how much will it cost? i don't know, that's all, and the resource of all these stations and so on. that is, it is not easy, generally cheap how much a ticket costs. i don't know, 50 million. it's been over for a long time. well, yes, here, and even musk does not reduce the price, as far as i know popularity, yes , popular, but you are not commercial.