he took part in the filming of the film challenge and set a record for the duration of one flight under the iss program among russians . he was awarded the title of hero of russia . vladimir putin signed the highest award of our country test cosmonauts. received marriage and heroism, shown during a long-term space flight at the international space station , the expedition lasted 355 days, and was also awarded the honorary title of pilot cosmonaut to become an actor and in another state award, the medal for courage which was handed to ten-year-old fedor from the bryansk region, the name of the boy. the whole country found out after he saved the children during the attack of ukrainian saboteurs , vladimir putin signed the award ceremony. the ceremony was held at the palace of children's youth creativity at the event, the heroes are among us. proud of you, you are our young hero.

a schoolboy showed real heroic qualities. when the attack occurred, ukrainian terrorists made their way to the klimovsky district of the region , fired at the car in which the children were taken to school, the driver fedor died despite the injuries he sustained helped the two girls who were traveling with him to cross to safety. volcano shevelovich threw out a new table of ash, this time to a height of 5.5 km, ash clouds are heading towards the west of kamchatka and the sea of ​​okhotsk. so, according to the experts of petropavlovsk-kamchatsky, they most likely will not affect the city located to the south. the most powerful eruption was an ash stream on tuesday night and scattered 19 km around me, in some places the ash layer reaches 20 cm, residents of villages that are close to the giant were recommended to opportunity not to leave the house. such news to this minute. see you soon.

gorky and stalin is this assumption correct that stalin understood everything about gorky, but was dissatisfied with gorky ; get some of these, but uh there is, even the beginning of his book by the rest, where he begins to write about georgia what is georgia this book wrote for americans, there even at the beginning of e he writes that georgia is george but do not confuse this with american with the state. george why all of a sudden, when? what does it matter to the soviet reader that the jones documents this book assumed that it would be translated this book. uh, gorky's task was to present stalin on the world stage, how so

why didn't it work out? well, it didn't work out e didn't write one version that i couldn't write another version with posts. i didn’t like what he wrote. wrote bordus, in short, but here is an interesting moment, uh, with stalin, because, in principle, the correspondence it is, as it were, published, and from this correspondence it is clear that this was a business cooperation. stalin needed gorky to give weight to the ussr for world public opinion, because gorky was an extremely respected writer. there followed there a novel by stephansay, there and so on and so forth. and hmm, stalin was needed by the bitter so that he could do everything that the chariz gave magazines to open institutes to help scientists. this moment is less studied, that it is there. the son helped, here it is, he

helped the academic science a lot. bitter he created a literary institute gave us an estate on tverskoy boulevard. for this, you can forgive him all the sins of the most important and most mysterious. e in gorky's life and his death from your point of view. was it murder or not? well, from my point of view, there was no murder. although some of the presenters are even gorky. now adhered to. yes, such a point of view, what is murder? i find this unlikely. uh, just for the reason that gorky was surrounded by a very large number of doctors and to kill gorky. so the doctors did not notice this, it was impossible, moreover, it the commission was created by an academician in an hour completely. in general, independent, as if an expert who studied all the materials. they are still recorded. there, they studied all the materials related to the bitter disease, and they certainly ver.

that he died after all from the disease of his death, no one poisoned him there, and the vaccine from paris, here is a recent document that they allegedly sent a vaccine from paris to help the bitter, but in fact this vaccine was poison there is a presumption of innocence, evidence of gorky's murder no. there are only assumptions. besides meaning uh. well, what if he he would say something, well, immediately after gorky's death there is a moment. uh, there is a moment, for example, the strange trip of aragon, who rode gorky, went through leningrad, that means with this one with elsa. it's real with elily's wife. first , gorky came to that one, he was already dead, and that he would say. this is bad. i'm talking about the fact that it was after the death of gorky that a wave of these political repressions began, like the bolshevik elite. uh, stalin had a grudge against gorky, the main thing was not that they didn’t write a book about him against gorky

tried to sit on two chairs. let's also speak frankly, the opposition against stalin was this was the lenin guard, inside, which against stalin was a specific opposition in the person of bukharin and so on. so , uh, stalin strangled the opposition, and it's all terrible of course, but it was a political struggle in which gorky a began to take part. here he again tried to be on the solution, and in fact, of course, he began to work for the opposition, because they were closer to him, they understood each other better. and so this, of course, was not to their liking. it's a guess. at that moment, three times these nightly visits began to the sick gorky, the doctors began to not let him in, because gorky was simply in a very bad condition there was a nurse, chirkova, who was there. well, excuse me, in general, the last woman, as if

also gorky, but who looked after him directly, but they could not have killed him without her noticing it. well, in general, this remains such an educational question. i think not. he was really, really serious. sick bitter, and in general, he had compositions. thank you. paul for this wonderful conversation. it was a podcast of the lives of the wonderful, we talked about alexei maksimovich gorky and whose birthday is celebrated on march 28 and in this studio there was pavel basinsky a wonderful writer, prose writer , winner of numerous literary awards, and i am alexei varlamov, a writer and rector of a literary institute. hello, schrödinger code podcast is with you and

i am its host grigory tarasevich, editor-in-chief of a popular science magazine, which also is called schrödinger's cat and today we will talk about time. and we have a wonderful guest psychologist tatyana berezina, professor of the extreme psychology department of the moscow state psychological and pedagogical university. hello tatyana , hello there is time in all sciences. here is theology before physics. but since we are going to talk not only about the essence of time, but also about how physics controls it, we will not touch it. there are a lot of good things. and i recently came across a study about a biologist's psychological time, which was done by scientists from liverpool university. they studied how people perceive time during isolation about tatyana, how covid changes time, like any isolation epidemic. deprivation, what does it

do to our time? but the fact that time changes during isolation is a fairly well-known fact. the only question is how it changes. there were studies when people volunteers were naturally placed in an isolated room, where they did not have a change of day and night, there were no social contacts, nevertheless was than study. hobby some interests food, and they had to somehow manage their time. well, the first study, in general, was very strange, they showed that in people, uh, the rhythm becomes not 24 hours. a 48. that is, they slept for about 12 hours, and were awake for 36 hours. although they seemed to lead normal lives, the second study had a more natural option. yes , it turned out that they somewhere had a rhythm of 25-26 days 25-26 hours. so that isolation, including social e, has a very strong effect on

time, we adapt not only to the sun , but also to society, to some kind of social rhythms to social life, and covid deprived us of such an opportunity, deprived us of the opportunity to adapt to such a familiar social rhythm morning, work transport. i think that for some reason time e was stretched, that is, a day a day proved to be longer. but you know what i 'll tell you. this is generally quite natural for a person. pay attention people on vacation. they, as a rule, have a daily daily regimen that is also stretched. they sleep longer later lie down and sleep longer. that is, essentially. if they start by getting up, for example, as before, let's say everyone has hours, then the holidays are not going anywhere today, a vegetative lifestyle. they will sleep until 12:00. more that is. they do not sleep, they get up longer, they stay

awake, they also go to bed longer even later. well, i remember my experience of the pandemic, and for me it is a little, probably different from the rest. it seemed to me that time was somehow sluggish for you, some liquidish. every day is like another. here, i got up no events no meetings no shocks. and can he manage his perception of time at all ? tell me how it is now. here. you, when you remember it, but it's been two years, it turns out, it slipped very quickly. this is just characteristic of psychological time. e, in fact, when our time is not full of events, it seems to us that it stretches slowly, that it is stretched out, that the day lasts a very long time, and then, when we remember it, but it seems that it did not slip through. so here is such a phenomenon

, when time is not saturated, then while it goes, it seems very long, but in memories, it seems to slip, and as if it did not exist, therefore, in principle, but in order to stretch time, we need to saturate it with events. but then the opposite will happen to you. the day will be missed and , on the contrary, it will seem that the day is running very fast, that you just woke up. it's already evening , subjectively. you say the day has passed. i didn't notice reminding something we'll be like saturated big. this is the only thing we can do when we want to stretch time. we need to saturate it with events, and then in our memory, it will be saturated with another problem that i am sure it faces. many of this procrastination is a word already known to everyone, postponing did it for later. here, where does it come from? why do we tend to put off something difficult? happened since childhood, what needs

to be done, on the contrary, in fact, this can really be connected with the type of time. imagine that you took soup from meatball in the cafeteria that you eat meatball soup first. some people eat the meatball first, it's tasty, and then the soup, other people eat the soup first, and then they eat the meatball. well, some people eat everything together. these are people oriented to the past to the past. they eat the meatball first. that is, they try delicious first delicious people, future-oriented delicious meatballs leave for later first eat. well, the real one from those who eat a piece of this and that, in short, uh, tend to put off the unpleasant, for then those who eat the meatball first. tell me about our time. how much more common is procrastination than before, when there was a more structured day

of harder work, before our time was controlled by someone else's superior family, after all. if you take it like that, uh, childhood. yes , mom wakes up in the morning, go to school at school , there are calls, then you come home, let's say even mom meets you. sit down to consider. well, or there, take at least a serf peasant working at a factory, that is, the organization of this time was controlled by someone outside. and now, in general, the well-being of society is quite good. people turned out to be partially free from external coercion, but still turned out to be. and now we can manage our time ourselves. well, not everyone can do it. and how to win? forgive me to piss, how to manage time? well, how did i say it? this is a type of person, in fact, it is difficult to change your type, but, firstly, it is desirable to know him in order to know your peculiarity, and secondly, well, probably

by training, like everything else by creating a clear daily routine, in general, there are many different ways to deal with procrastination. for example, i read here the most profound - is, of course, generally understand why you do not want to do it? why did something become a tasty meatball, and something tasteless soup. how do you live in general, if you have so much tasteless soup i love soup, and as a metaphor, maybe a person’s life is successfully arranged to the end, that he knocked out such a metaphorical soup for himself, where to swim a small tasty meatball and such a large pelvis of tasteless soup, which you need to eat through force, it’s not tasty at all. but it may be necessary to change where he puts the tasty, whoever tastes delicious at first will put it off, well, it’s difficult and unpleasant for later to increase the amount of tasty. eh , but it's already change your life so that fewer events of action cause disgust for the desire to postpone, you understand, such things will always be in our lives. yes, i

once wanted them, they will always be and not only the number, when let's say 8 hours of work. this is this tasteless soup, and 5 minutes at the bar - it's a meatball. well, it seems that life has not settled down precisely here is the regulation. there is another interesting moment there, for example, you have two things that you do not want to do - clean the apartment and write a diploma. well, you don't want to write a diploma anymore, but here's the time you can fill with cleaning the apartment. so you, too , could not force yourself to clean the apartment. and so at least a way to force yourself to do a less unpleasant thing, you really will do it, but in general it does nothing badly or well. why do we think it's bad because our body is programmed to do what we should do, a person is predisposed to where the activity should be. to do this is equal to work to play sports to run. at least, otherwise he will feel badly guilty. or something else, yes? we, but how

can we overcome this feeling of guilt, start doing something or accept, that you can do nothing? it is very difficult to accept, but, of course, you can accept it, but you understand what an organism is. and that the body needs physical activity endorphins are released in the rest, of course i have, call, call to all our listeners try at least 15 minutes a day doing nothing, not reading not watching smartphones not working not walking not moving around. so sit down and do nothing. fine? not 15 minutes. it's unbearable five million three minutes. try it. i 'll try it too. honestly. here is today and here is 15. do nothing. well, yes, it's a good experiment. i also advise, but i would like to supplement it. we are now working on a problem, just the management of time

by biopsychological time. in short, we are now conducting an experiment. uh we're watching how does daytime sleep affect health, various components of physiological psychological health and about what i have several volunteers who agreed to sleep during the day, just we started talking about fifteen minutes, well, 15-30 minutes. it's not like that, sorry. it's not just sitting there doing nothing. and lie down, relax , close your eyes, remove all thoughts. that is , you just don’t think them verbally, at least don’t think, that is, don’t talk about yourself. you can images, let them go. well, first of all, the first question. is it possible to fall asleep from such a second question? how does this affect a person? we have the first result already one result, which means, firstly, it is very difficult to force yourself. even those who can lie down for 15 minutes to relax

, close their eyes, just lie down, if you can't fall asleep, your task to lie down for 15 minutes, by the way, is interesting from the point of view of biological control. how correctly people wake up after 15 minutes, people themselves open their eyes, that is, some kind of rhythm for 15 minutes. yes, he is a man. through him he almost always wakes up. you can then fall asleep again, if you want, well, and secondly, yes i have already said the first fact that it is very difficult to force. for some reason, it seems to a person that these 15 minutes. here they are. well, that's how it's needed. and when he lies down, he wants to think about something, and thoughts. it seems to him that his own are so important that, well, how not to think about it, and then yes, we want to see the influence on health. i have already said that only pensioners are left who either work part of the day, or do not work, or people who work in such a relatively free regime, but i for pensioners, of course, and mostly developed this method. yes, so let's start with the disadvantages, let's say the disadvantage of the first

, some shorten the night's sleep in order to sleep during the day. this is wrong. well, that is, if you usually slept at eight, but still it is desirable to sleep at eight, and during the day for another 15 minutes, just those who reduced their nighttime sleep greatly, they complained that they began to feel tired. well, this is like a minus, so i recommended everyone not to cut. night sleep, but then it is more difficult on a well-known day. so what's so good about it? well, the experiment continues until we have a small number of people showing from what they said, no one got sick this winter, no one caught a cold. seriously. i decided that this can be considered as an improvement in immunity. well , of course, these are already large samples, but let's get back to those who want to manage time. ugh look. we talked about time during the day there months. and let's talk about time management throughout life. here are young adults, the elderly, they

perceive time differently or in the same way, but this is such a classic yes question about perception time, in principle, the classic answer is known to him, that in childhood, time is stretched out slowly for a child's day. this is eternity in youth. it, well, usually flows, and with old age it accelerates even for an elderly person. it seems that the evening just opened my eyes and the days slip by without noticing. and besides the fact that you need to saturate the days, well, our advice, we still need to understand that it is the perception of time that changes, and there are two answers to this question. why? well, with age, time accelerates, one psychological another, i would said biopsychological e, the classical version suggests that we perceive time differently, because we compare it with our life, a child at 5 years old for him another year has passed. this is 20% of his life, and

for a person, let's say at 100 years old, this is only 1% of his life. that is, it will be accelerated for him, but 20 times the time, because you are comparing life expectancy, this is actually, this is a good answer in terms of time management, yes, well, it only remains to somehow compare time not with life expectancy . but it means another study. 2 years were spent in japan. in my opinion back we have neurons in the dark and the cortex, which is responsible for the perception of time. and with age, these neurons, as it were , get tired, slow down, stop being excited, and , accordingly, fewer human neurons begin to participate in the perception of the time period. as a result, for him, time accelerates less than the neurons that perceive time, and then in old age , on the one hand, the phenomenon arises that time

rushes, and on the other hand, it becomes difficult to have time to do something in a short time. gap. if earlier, for example, i was going to work in 15 minutes. now it doesn’t work out for 15 not because you get tired faster not because the body is sick or something else just doesn’t work out for many , but why i was going to do it in 15 minutes earlier. and now, well, i can’t for 15, that’s all, the rest is left. well, this is considered and is due to the fact that the perception of time has changed. now these 15 minutes are for you, as they are. well, subjectively, yes, and you don’t have time for these. although, in principle, i could do it. what to do? if you take biopsychological concept, because maybe it is sadder, yes, then it turns out that you need to teach neurons not to get tired. and this is the question, how not to grow old?

or how to rejuvenate? there is no answer to it yet. well, another option in old age is considered to increase such an indicator as awareness of life awareness mindfulness. well, such an indicator, you need to use this awareness for time management. that is, it turns out self-control. that is, you control yourself during these 15 minutes, in order to be in time term. but many people have some kind of aging plan. that will make me 60-70. god forbid 80. what am i going to do, how is she bitching my life. i think that people do not have such a plan, and even pensioners who have retired have no such plan, and there were such studies. but if you take a younger age, do you know there were still old studies? until what age do people imagine their life? that is, this is how they see how it

seems to them for them and imagined it at the age of 18. well, like up to 25. interestingly, at 22 also up to 25. that is, this is such an inflection point, but apparently, people go to study there, and at 25 they represented up to 30. i talked with some people and asked, why did you represent someone. a lot of us assumed something like this until the age of 30, i'll live, and then i'll die. why continue to live after 35. there has already begun an expansion already there 40 50 to 60. well , as it were, people already, but this point is such an inflection point. yes, but it turns out that somewhere people represent before retirement, but there, but they didn’t represent anything there, there was no program plan occupancy so, so i have a call to our viewers and listeners. imagine that you are 80 what will you do, how will you live in order to be happy and

feel the richness of life is an immodest question. well, i guess, like most people , i don’t quite think about what i will do specifically, after eight for some reason it seems, oh listen, we have a project. i am doing it now, and here we have developed a methodology for estimating the expected retirement age. there are several questions. the first question, let's say, right? at what age? eh, well representatives of your gender retire to name the second time when you plan to retire, the third question there. what time would you ideally like to retire. what time would you well that's the minimum option, when would you like then? well, what time is the maximum five questions considered average, you know, what's interesting, people are divided into two, like some people want to retire as quickly as possible, so they will have, well, a small retirement expected retirement age. they were asked ideal ideal,

i would already like to be retired, there are 20 years to go out, while others want to delay those who want to come early. this is freedom for them. i'll go out and do nothing. yes, and those who want to work longer, right? for them, it's, well, work until retirement age and health. well, what is a pension such a resignation? well, like, yes, that is, i will live until if i retire at 80, then now i will live to 80 and be in good health at 80. well , there are not so many of them, but here i am, uh, i’m just belong to the direct type, which these going to retire not going can also live, but after 8 months. but who knows, and let's move from e, old age to childhood and the young. here, did people really begin to grow up later or does it seem so, for example, the world health organization recently completely expanded the boundaries of adolescence

, before there were teenagers. you know, in fact, it is very interesting if we take the periodization of adolescence, for example, in the year of our well-known psychologist. yes , he has, in my opinion, uh, adolescence ended at 14 or 15 years of age. if we take psychologists, already at the end of the twentieth century, then there were older teens aged 16-17. some authors 18 wrote no. and if you have the world health organization, they were 21 years old, and now here are 23-24 completing adolescence. so something that well, growing up is delayed and a certain adolescence is preserved. what about a teenager? why teenage yes they are teenage hair? how is a teenager different from a young man? well, in principle, not independence. he needs to be taken care of help teenager - it's in.

in general, some infantilization is a search for oneself and, accordingly, some need for support, while he himself and i think that this is already firstly, those who have left the parental family are distancing or living on their own . still young, but now he is already independent. so that's what adolescence has expanded. this expanded the time of adolescence searching for oneself. well, not independent and the need for support is such a social feature, firstly, people learn before this age. they not independent. yes, secondly, such is the decision, as it were, also the whole world health organization. you know, i think it's right. this corresponds to the biological development of man. we will assume that the person is, well, a teenager immature until then. while the formation of the body of the brain. well, the higher case of the cortex develop and finally form somewhere in 22 23 24

at 25 according to some sources. while i'm at camp, reverse the crash site. yes, it is clear to continue the search does not make sense, we did not find not a single living person. the story of a miraculous rescue in the film one premiere on saturday on the first with you podcast schrödinger's cat and i am its host grigory tarasevich, editor-in-chief of the magazine with the same name schrödinger's cat and we are talking about very important things from the point of view of science. today we are talking about the time we are visiting tatyana berezina, psychologist , professor of the department of extreme psychology

, moscow state pedagogical university psychologist. from the point of view of extreme psychology, what is time they say when a person is in some kind of terrible situation, time falls or flies there, it generally shrinks completely to the point that you can remember all your life or this effect does not work or is it a myth, do you think it shrinks? maybe we'll call it stretching? well, it stretches all the time , i get confused. exactly. yes, you noticed that not only you are confused, that is, this is our specificity in the perception of time, either it stretched out, or it was eaten, that is, it turns out, or it accelerated, or visibility. there we confuse it ourselves, but i she conducted a purely poll of people in extreme situations subjectively with subjectively, and they were just talking about the fact that time is stretching as you like, yes or accelerating, but the prophet seemed to them that the man was talking about he was in the building. it doesn't matter

the explosion. and then a chandelier falls on him, and he looks. it falls off the ceiling. and then she flies towards him. and now she is approaching, but he felt no less he could not move his body, but it seemed to him that a huge amount of time had passed. he saw cracks there. anything on the ceiling, though he couldn’t move. it turns out that some people do. yes, in subjective time it stretches, it speeds up what you want to do, but it is done more. the task is to be able to squeeze in more not only perception, but also actions, that which can save you, some say that they succeeded. well, it reminds a little of the plot from the matrix when the bullet flies and the heroes dodge it, remember in the movie, but don't you think that many people choose some extreme risky options behavior doesn't matter. i'm here hotspots jumping rocks or something to

increase their time, they increase just such an experience. first, all this is theirs. and this day stretched out for them and they remember the vacation, if they did it on vacation, but this itself is an extreme situation. she, maybe there she flew 5 minutes for them an hour. well, when it’s not 5 minutes, but 5 months , probably, in general, some kind of big life turns out when you take risks all the time, when something threatens you, you know, if you take people of extreme professions there, those who this hobby is, i can’t say, but the study of representatives of the special -risk profession was carried out by other people after they worked for them. in general, in relation to people leading non-extreme professions, their biological age is increased. that is, they are faster. yes, but what of our neural metabolism is biological

age, e.g., organs become obsolete. the body is where the indicators that are included in the biological age, that is, the heart, breathing, metabolism. well, in general, we don't like it, because what i would like, yes, to still. was like something positive. i've been doing some more research. well, it's so easy. in a sense, if desired, anyone can check it . i watched the life expectancy of the astronauts and it is clear that they all had perfect health. i compared those who flew in space, those who did not fly , those who flew lived longer, who experienced all the same training loads, well, for the cosmonaut detachment, there is a risk, but they did not accomplish their feat. it's not about physiology. more like something about meaning. here, apparently, when people accomplish a feat, which is a personal achievement for them,

which is supported by society. well, this is the gratitude of society. this is also important glory and admiration. in general, it gives us something. look, here is a story about astronauts. she is very suggestive. perhaps, after all, the question is somewhat of such an iron regularity of our body and our aging, but in a certain purpose of life. now, if you read a study where they analyzed the dates of death and the date of birth of a person and his children. and it turns out that before his birthday fewer of their own children die than immediately after, that is , somehow the body is mobilized to celebrate there to meet with the children, and then they are released, in general, how much sense they influence our physiology is known. yes phrase. yes, if a person has a reason to live, he will live. and if there is nothing to live for, then he dies.