the rapid response of the ministry of defense regarded what was happening as a rebellion. in the serbian city of varshatsia, a monument was opened to the soviet linguist academician. nikita tolstoy celebrations dedicated to the centenary of his birth, the great-grandson of the great russian writer in the thirties lived in serbia during the second world war, joined the partisan movement, then became a fighter of the red army after the victory over the nazis nikita tolstoy arrived in the soviet union entered the faculty of philology . moscow state university later taught at mgimo brought up a whole galaxy brilliant diplomats. that's all for now , see you soon.

hello, i'm pilot cosmonaut anton shklarov, this is a podcast of space stories. today we have an unusual festive special edition of the podcast dedicated to the international day of cosmonautics, so today my colleague friend , pilot cosmonaut hero of russia alexander mitsukin is visiting me. by the way, this is not our first space trip with you. hi anton , that's right. but you and i did not meet on the day of astronautics or next to it, astronautics in space. yes, now met, so, probably, let's first congratulate everyone on cosmonautics day. friends from the bottom of my heart i congratulate you on the next anniversary of the day, the cosmonautics of the flight of yuri alekseevich gagarin, he then united all people around the earth with his flight and we all, probably, were at some point united in the spirit of this flight, and i really wish that today

i remember about space money. we tried again to be closer to each other. it seems that not so long ago we flew together. this was your second space flight. he was very interesting we played badminton. we celebrated birthdays. new year's eve made olivier in space for the first time. and for me it was also another flight, which i remember completely especially, of course, our spacewalk. how are you remember, we weren't going to make any records. we have been preparing for it for a long time on earth. and so it happened. yes, after 6:00 we already had hours of work, in my opinion, yes, we had to return and continue our work for another 2 hours. and thanks to this, six stations operate today. this is new the type of communication is russian and in better quality than even our colleagues. we can video every day. here i was just with a group of filmmakers. uh, every morning, a good connection

was with the soup, we could discuss these moments working sasha, how do you like this flight? the first thing i have to say is our new year's legal day off. we will misunderstand this. the first game sport in space in the history of mankind. it would be menton and thank you for supporting me in this, our space olivier with you, he is the most space in my life, because not only was he in orbit. it was the first time in my life in general, and most importantly, we went to this spit with all our crew. i remember that all americans liked it then. they asked us to cook like this every friday. and the way out is, of course, yes. this is serious work. there would be more such work, i would very much like to do it more, but moreover, badminton was not just played there. yes, they played there officially, rackets were loaded, we prepared. uh, first of all, we prepared

japanese moment, yes, but, unfortunately, we never removed one computer, and after our filming it turned out that we broke one of the new computers and our friend e marker had a good rest. he took it upon himself to say that it was he who broke him, and i don’t know how dearly our game of badminton cost him. well, they were. we specially filmed frames for the video, because at that time the universiade universiade tournament was taking place on the ground in kazan. yes, uh, bowed, and now i can be proud that i have a gold medal at home. that's straight from of that kit, because us. uh, those who took part in this game on board were awarded gold. i suggest we have a small video to watch this to remember how it was

by the way, the rackets remained on board, the guys can now play under the concrete no. i think that not all of these famous rackets, of course, well now, of course, a relic, a museum, maybe one at home. yes, yes, yes, you met a second meaning when you brought this amazing, in my opinion, crew at once two

tourists, we have never had such a thing before, two japanese, two, billionaires, millionaire. as far as i understand? eh, i don’t know, they were surprised at everything there, they were so funny in life, they said such things. these are very polite people. do you remember their reaction, when you started, when you get more than 70 at the station, you still talked to them, helped them tell everything, well, as it were, protected them. uh, i think that was your biggest challenge. besides that, of course, prepare the ship for the return. yes, and so that they do not break the station. yes, but that's what we're all following. yes , because they didn’t treat it to themselves. you you know, i remember that, firstly, i somehow listened to the feedback from previous crews when they were preparing, and before that, let's say representatives of various other cultural countries, for a short flight, and i was a little worried, of course, about how they will refer to the station. yes, how neat and thrifty, but maybe this is precisely the japanese mentality. well

, i don’t know about you, remember, for example, i ’m quite clearly sure that they treated everything with all sorts of maximum accuracy and attentiveness took our lens and forgot to hang it. in the same place where i took it, apparently, i was tired. i told him something yoza. well, i took it in one place. put it there, well, that's how it should be in general at the station. naturally, yes, but i mean that i was apparently tired and he felt the notes of my emotional upset, and then he told me so in the evening, and with sasha i understand how hard it is for you. please forgive me that and you started there, although it was actually a trifle before, there were much more there that were not connected with them and others did hara-kiri. if only you were his forgiveness, yes, and after parsing, they are like that, and we tried very hard to treat the russian segment with care, well , in general, to the station and uh, during our use of the toilet, we never had any emergency situation that was prepared on the ground. oh yes, well, that's to the fact that they

were very neat. i am very grateful to them for this, of course, it was different from our cinematic group. yes, they were hit in filming. if you need to prepare. uh, some module to them, at its own discretion , filmed everything that i wanted, promised to return everything back, and then they saw that there was nothing special returns, because he had to deal with another module the next day. uh, the only thing he said guys. if you don’t find something, the earth will return there and everything is necessary for us. well, they even gave us 3 days to sing, in my opinion, so that we could return something back. and so we walked straight , looked, from left to right we drilled everything, uh with a database, where what thing should lie? well, then, anyway, they couldn’t either find something, or, on the contrary, they found it and they were there for a long time yes, after them. day after day anxiety restlessness, and with them insomnia and so on you can help yourself circle afobazol helps to cope with anxiety and insomnia afobazol 4 weeks for the most pronounced effect. do

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naturally. uh, the first thing is that we have the moon further than mars, these are our next projects, these are space programs, leading space powers of your vision for the development of not only pilotin, but generally astronautics in this direction. you and i know together, yes, that ah, in particular, we and our partners are developing their own lunar program, that the chinese are flying there, but, unfortunately, we are not flying there yet. and for me the biggest disappointment or not disappointment is the frustration of understanding that the fact that as civilization grows , in a sense, scale increases. that's uh, while i lived in one small town. yes and i went through several districts of my school. i had a grid of coordinates. here, yours , not yours, yes, you moved to another city. there is a university, a flying school. any

person from your city. you are the most dear , regardless of where he lives. yes, he earth moved you to houston to train there and met you heard russian speech in a supermarket - this is the person closest to you. here came out. you are outside the atmosphere. there is no one for you, like, not closer. than a homo sapiens like you, it seems to me, there is a certain study of the law of nature in this, if civilization comes out. here we are technologically ahead of our mental development. and i'm not talking about this alone. isaac asimov, for example, he said that the saddest thing today is that the development of science goes much earlier than the mental development of society. yes, and what will happen if the society has not yet matured mentally, but has already gained access to some advanced technologies. we understand that it is very dangerous here in this difficulty. and where will the development of technology go? and

it is clear that today we are all actively looking for exoplanets. and that is, we continue to expand, that is, from the ground. now every earth is not us, uh, native independence, so uh. well, i at least believe that i have not seen always say it's honest. i didn't see any flying saucers for those who are now commenting on your words. well, yes, you can’t, but they signed it to speak some papers. yeah, well, i definitely believe that we can't be in this. to be alone in the personal space of the universe. yes, there are already more than 5,000 exoplanets, yes, which revolves around each star, that is, the stars in the sky have already been discovered, for sure. there are those who are there. yes, in the same orbit as well, i think so, like the earth, it is very so comfortable where, of course, you can absolutely say this radius, and depending on the intensity of the star. and the radius where the planet could be. uh, and where is the water, if it is

there is located in three states of aggregation. this is called the benefits of life. yes, let's take a different look at how man's ideas about the world have changed. at first , it was believed that it was a flat earth, then that it was round in the center of the world. naturally. we all need to be in the center. that's when we decided. okay okay, so be it. there is not a single smart person there. they burned it and decided that we were still one of the planets, the sun is not in the center of the whole world, but for a long time they believed that there were no other planets on one simple basis. we don't see them that means they don't exist. yes, yes, and that's only at the end of the last millennium. more exoplanets have been found. after all, this is only a matter of statistics, and we just need a mass, well, we want our own kind, if for our lives, but to find planets that colonization will be correct colonization. well, as if for the planets , of course, it's still too, to put it mildly , too ambitious, yes, but the fact that there are planets, approaches that are suitable for

our life is biological - this is 100%. that is, a person. it will be able to live and develop only to fly when we can get there, yes, but under there is even a degree of similarity. uh, the earth-likeness index already exists today, but according to the criteria, the mass, and the size and position of the planets in this belt of life according to these two criteria. there are planets with an earth index. the similarity of 0.95 is almost like the earth, and then it remains so that there is water. and the oxygen atmosphere of the magnetic field is only when you have a sample of only 100.000 100 million stars in our galaxy. yes, and the galaxy 100 billion 100 billion stars and 100 billion galaxies. you understand that in this sample, well, there are guaranteed to be such planets when it is us, when we get to them. come on, it’s even hard for yourself right, although progress comes with huge shawls, progress goes on the 20th century showed how everything stepped forward. yes, i

have never thought about this before, but it turns out that we all live according to exponential laws, that is, non-linearly. everything changes, and exponentially and one thing, when you know about it, they talk about technology, that they develop there exponentially, that is, almost exponentially. and if you look at us people, here is life on earth, originated 4 billion years ago, biological 4 billion years ago unwound. only 100,000 years ago humans appeared. in 1800 there were a billion of us in 1900 billion-600 in 2000 there are 7 billion. here it is an exponent for a long, long, long time there and here it shoots and this is like a general law of nature and we are just one of the elements that lives according to this exponent. well, when we move to a new house. so let's call it to a new planet. you know, i honestly think

that, uh, we're getting to the point of living with ourselves. until then, we'll live. i think up another more important moment. but in order to go there , we need to go through it. you know how, if you draw an analogy, there is a theory of black and white holes, why do you fly into a black hole and hop in another place in the universe to a white hole flew out, here we have a more serious challenge facing us. we've gotten to the point where technology is growing with this exponential growth of everything in life. the number of people is growing, the problems are growing, their significance, their number and the most important task for humanity. in my opinion. today is to overcome this point exponential collection of all crises. if we overcome it, then an unprecedented, simply fantastic life of humanity awaits us, but there are great chances that we will not overcome it. but irwin corwin, for example, and

a hollywood actor back in the last century said that if we do not hurry to change direction. then we run the risk of arriving at the place where damn, that is, to single-celled biological life, and so far we are clearly working on this plan. that is, we still need to concentrate on our land, 100% ecology percent. well, in particular, a according to the consolidated opinion of most climatologists, if in the next 12 years we cannot keep warming at the level of one and a half degrees, then global climate disasters will occur. on earth will not be disgusting. we emit 40 billion tons of carbon dioxide. in a year this is as much as the whole of africa, plus another third of africa, would also absorb in a year. can you imagine how much we

throw away and we survive a bunch of animals from this biosphere. we will have problems, most likely with the availability of available fresh water. we we are talking about humanity in general. i don't take all others. there are geopolitical problems and technological problems in the form of artificial intelligence. what to do with him? and how should we help just to cope with this disease of pollution of the planet, the destruction of our home , the first question and many people believe that artificial intelligence. will never become as smart as a person and is now abbreviated as da arto-fishing, and other scientists believe that agi arto-fishish general intelligence, comparable to human. will appear already there , someone says, the next decades, many scientists agree that it will appear by the middle of this century, the question is, even before it has appeared. in whose hands will these neural networks

be used. well, they themselves are probably such a vivid example, uh, already used by such weapons, you can probably say cybernetic, we remember the destruction of centrifuges in iran yes, when they were able to introduce a virus there, which eventually led to the fact that centrifuges began to spin up to complete destruction instant setting of a person is not only an enemy to a person, but also a person surrounding everything living around him is an enemy, and so, if this paradigm of behavior is not changed. that we will not be able to with the same artificial intelligence, when it is in theory, i believe that it will move to the next stage of its development and become agi, that is, an independent personality who has not just been trained on a large amount of information, which he will be able to think about and accept independent solutions. here, to build some kind of relationship with him. you must mentally initially communicate with him not as a subordinate or as a slave or as a thing,

because as soon as he becomes aware of himself. he will immediately become much smarter overnight, and that means that humanity is stronger. and if we start this relationship with a relationship. i am strong. i'm right. you are my slave, as soon as he becomes stronger, he will change everything. here's how not to behave. we must first do this among ourselves between people and between people and nature and, uh, heard read, but in an open letter, yes, who even signed about that it is to stop training neural networks, right? and the development of artificial intelligence, although it seems to be needed, and everyone understands it, everyone is developing it, and here is one of the e. the same leaders founding. yes, and he says no, it is necessary to leave. well, not only to stop, they call to stop and develop common rules for relations with artificial intelligence. one of it can be said from the ascetics. uh. this is max professor m.a.t., who just

organized the movement for friendly. uh, artificial intelligence, that is not treat it and not draw a parallel, artificial intelligence. yeah, this is the terminator, if we don’t behave in such a paradigm, then it will never become a terminator half an hour before spring. big you elena tomorrow after we lose time complivit asset a balanced complex of vitamins for children from 280 rubles. do you know that you can use mobile communications? three times cheaper. 1,200 minutes talk time 205 gb internet plus unlimited music and video services. order a tinkoff sim card and use mobile communications three times cheaper tinkoff, he is such one burger king has become more profitable; we return 50 rubles. when paying for burgers with world cards, only in the application of self-service terminals and on the burger

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to use mobile communications three times cheaper? 1,200 minutes of conversation 25 gb of internet and unlimited music we continue our conversation with my colleague, friend , cosmonaut alexander misyurkin. what can you give examples, well, how artificial intelligence is used now to date, the current level of artificial intelligence. this is probably the first generation of artificial intelligence, when some kind of hasoma neural network, neural network technology, was invented or proposed there for several decades ago, in order to implement it, powerful powerful hardware, powerful computers were needed. yes, large

computing power, which appeared in the first place. these are all sorts of gpus that are needed for games that are used for mining. that's when it all appeared, it became possible to train neural networks. they learn from big data, and then they can because of what they learned something new from the same series to mix. yes , but this is some poor-quality new, but some solutions. this is a phone program. this one can be downloaded. yes, there are those that can be downloaded on well, at least on a computer on a laptop for sure, but the most well, everyone knows, yes, that such programs learned to play chess there defeated a person, and this happened in the late nineties, but then for a very long time. those who do not accept neural networks thought that this is all nonsense and there is a chinese game go in which

intuition is not needed there, never in a lifetime a computer will beat a person. 20 years have passed there. and it happened. moreover, we went further and created the next generation of this program, which , unlike the first generations, where the entire array of human experience data was put into this game. well, in the next version of the program they did not give any experience at all. it’s just that the rules of the game and the goal were set, she played herself for 4 hours and then defeated the one that had won before. it’s clear that today there are all sorts of people there, and neural networks are already on everyone’s lips like gpt me chat. and when you enter text, and therefore a picture is created for you, but from the most global application useful from the point of view of our life, probably, an example can be taken from biology, and scientists have long known molecules, the formula of the molecule of various proteins, of which it will become with its own,

well, as it turned out for these proteins, their functions and properties depend not only on the formula, but it is spatial molecule structure. and here are some short proteins, scientists could understand their spatial position, understand their properties from this, as for long structures, it was not that there were not even ideas. how to understand this the spatial structure of the artificial intelligence molecule, obtained on the amount of data that scientists had. in a state, i was able to somehow decipher the volumetric structure of long proteins. and today , tens of thousands of them have already been deciphered. this is from something that is very serious, yes , his gpt chat, as it were, has already gone through several, and several iterations of software updates. i read one report comparing what they can and what they can’t, so that everyone who watches us can evaluate the possibilities in the description, a task was given that

set different levels of development of the version. this is gpt chat to other neural networks. and just gpt-fo gp4 is what elon musk was talking about is more complicated than a neural network than gpt 4, please don't teach. and what, what was the task? the hunter goes south for 1 kilometer, then turns east. another kilometer passes, then turns north and passes another kilometer. and then he turns out to be at the point from which he began his movement. the question is what color of the bear did he meet he met a polar bear, because that such a situation is only possible at the north pole. you once went south strictly to the east, and then to the north is not perpendicular , as it were, yes, it is north to the north, which means the meridian and you

have not canceled the conditions that you ended up at the same point somewhere in the country. in general, here are all the levels and chat gpt below the fourth and other neural networks that were tested, they simply did not answer it correctly, correctly, the uneven gp4 network answered correctly. they gave the second problem as an example: you flew east on an airplane, flew due east, flew 40.000 km and ended up at the same point where you started the question. what kind of tigers could you see through the porthole? the correct answer is all any tigers that live in the distance, because 40.000 along a closed trajectory is just the length of the pva perimeter . you. yes, the most

extreme example. uh, using neural networks to discover exoplanets. what is the principle of one of the principles, how exoplanets are detected, this is a photometric principle, when the planet passes, uh, in front of its star that we observe. the planet near this star, we can observe for some time changes in the brightness of the glow of the star, because the planet passes in front of it. and so, uh, we first trained this neural network on already known exoplanets. and where did we know for sure that there was an exoplanet, and then they gave it to a to try the entire data array. uh, a telescope with already known that there are already some exoplanets, but suddenly there is more and please, this neural network found. there are already more than one planet near those stars that are

definitely not visible with modern telescopes. especially since here to see the planet with a resolution of 1.000 by 1.000 pixels. we need a telescope with a mirror diameter of 80 km. a goat, of course, is impossible, but in piloting you met we didn’t meet pilots, but i think you will agree, but today we are flying at the station, and i have such an association that we are just like an umbilical cord and tied to soup. yes, there is a huge amount of telemetric information being processed tsupom, where there are many people who are highly specialized professionals in their field. as soon as we talk about flights. uh, well, if there is no current to mars, yes, otherwise this is already the competence of a broader analysis, given the duration of the signal transmission back and forth , a set should be transferred. and that means this one. well, if not agi, then at least ai, is there

today's generation of artificial intelligence that can analyze where you went? what kind of feedback or current surges, then check that gas station or that fan turns out that uh, here's a scientific component is useful to her few people are engaged? well, talk about biology there cs uh, use for today. yes, basically now people, what do they use it as a toy. yes they sink not dissipate. they live there. they buy something there , build it, i don’t know, they fight. yes, and smoothly you seem to me that humanity. well, i don't know, this layer. it's mostly young people, let's take them. yes, today's youth. it is a little bit in the wrong place, it starts to leave, that is, it does not develop what we say is high technology, but sits stupidly. well i do not know phone, phone, computer and live right there forget what is going on around, in fact, there are other bodies that need to be dealt with at all. you live in a society. you suck it. this is true. but you know, i'm not

in a hurry to make judgments about these or not those things. they are engaged, they live according to the vector, according to which, again , homo sapience is developing along the same exponent. in particular, one of the mass immigrations that are expected in the near future is envisaged. this is just a migration to the digital space, that is, to alternate reality. yes, it's a virtual city. there, yes you communicate and very much such clothes of entertainment money to prepare. do you remember the movie, that's exactly what you're talking about, but if you think about it, there are those who seriously believe that we can digitize consciousness and there a biological person can die, and this digital twin can be continued, as if you don't know how it is everything will look like. and is it worth it to stop here, but you understand, this is like one of

the sides of any technology, yes, and at the same time , the use of virtual reality for in order not to fly to the meeting through half the world there. yes a being in your office, and you are completely immersed in the atmosphere, as if you are where you were supposed to fly to the meeting. this is probably even by today's standards, it can be convenient, but the use of augmented reality for additional information that you may need or for decorating a work area or ways of relaxing, whether we want it all or not, it will be a question. how will it be used in our society? well, that is , you are for the expansion, uh, i am for it. still piss some restrictions laws, rules. you spoke very correctly about laws and regulations, and technological development is going much faster than the bodies that should regulate have time. work. yes and you, of course , would need to add speed to them, just so

that we consciously understand where this development is going, so that it does not go spontaneously, but controlled, or what? for it to be beneficial, and how to make people's lives better with these changes, this is something that needs to be seriously thought about. here in these conditions of accelerating change. that is, if we cannot stop it, we must lead it, yes golden words. as you can see, our relationship with artificial intelligence is not so far i won’t say globally, all people roughly speaking, how from the series were the americans on the moon yes, everyone is divided into two categories, some believe others no, the earth is round flat. yes, yes, and here experts are professionals , amateurs, like me or everyone is ready to express their opinion. yes, not everyone is ready to argue it. they think he never will not be like a person, and therefore a type of threat. he alone does not represent others

believe that yes, he can really become reachable. e, in its development to the level of independent analysis of the environment for making new decisions. i do not presume to judge there when it appears, but i am sure my position. yes, he will show up. that's when he showed up. that is, he is aware of himself. it will not just be a program that fulfills the three laws. you can't harm a person there. you have to think about your safety. if you think of your safety, contrary law one follows law one so that's not going to happen. just a program it will be a new form of life. you know why, but let's just talk to you. and what is life, life, in the broadest sense, can be considered any process that has the ability to repeat itself, to copy itself, yes, and the ability to process external information. all if

this process exists, it copies itself, and at the same time is able to somehow influence the processing of external information, we can assume that this is life, while what is self-copying? after all, when its dna is copied in a bacterium, no new matters appear, new ones do not appear, just those that they took and lined up in the structure that exactly repeats the previous one, only information is copied, then how can we say that as only artificial intelligence will appear, which will be able to independently completely copy itself, provide and process external information. not because it has learned from a large amount of data. because now he knows how only this will appear. we can say that this is a new form of life. and moreover, precisely because he can learn much

faster than any person, it is logical to assume that he will indeed become smarter than people and think that we are able to restrain him. well, ridiculously, it follows that communication is worth building. at least mutually respectful yes, that's what. i spoke with the friendly partnership movement. to do this, we need to change the internal paradigm. we are not friendly to people on our planet. we to we are not friendly to animals and you know the most interesting example with animals, as soon as the internal combustion engine appeared, the number of horses began to rapidly decrease in 1915 from the 60 million heads that were in the united states by the sixtieth year. there were 5 million left. and only then did the americans decide there. oh, listen, our horses are dying out. let's spend money. let

's keep them in order to have fun there, communicate with them and then consciously begin to build this population. here, so that we do not find ourselves in the position of these horses in my understanding. we must change the paradigm of our attitude towards people. first of all, we must understand that we are a single civilization. if we do this and treat it the same way, then we can treat artificial intelligence the same way. and just then we will just move into that life that today we can simply relate to unreal and it seems to me that this is a question of the current century when we either move or do not move, and sasha at the end of her meetings on podcasts and i usually ask for my bones. e dream about what a person will do in space, in 50 years , for sure, we will master mars. certainly the moon, private space 100% will be more developed

in part and around the earth, e, a large number of industries will most likely appear in space. i really hope that we will be able to send devices to the point of the gravitational focus of our sun and get such exoplanet shots so as to see the outline of the continents, the atmosphere, artificial light, if it is there on the night side, that is such a breakthrough breakthrough, yes, literally was 60 years ago. yes, it is a breakthrough, and we will have the same one in the future. sasha thank you for coming to visit me today. today we tried to look into the future to talk about artificial intelligence in the digital space. 62 years ago , our compatriot yuri alekseevich gagarin gave a start to this whole thing, and we congratulate you all on this wonderful international day. cosmonautics, my guest was a pilot cosmonaut hero of russia alexander sukin and

anton shkappers on a space podcast stories. come on, let's get started. hello