we continue with you podcast. wonderful life. my name is alexei varlamov and our guest is the writer, historian of literature , doctor of philology and a little holy fool evgeny vodolazkin. and here is the story about the holy fool, who was not afraid of tsar ivan the terrible, yes, is it true or is it a myth, but these are foreign sources. eh, here's the mention of this story. this is nicholas aga ivan having ruined, novgorod moved to pskov and he got caught and came out to meet him. ivan , who considered himself a pious man , at least was in general, e villains and nikolai to him gives a meal. uh, a piece of grass meat.

and there was a great fast and john was indignant and said, what are you giving me, lent is meat , and then he says, and what meat do you need, you are the flesh of christians, you could say that, only it seems, because anyone else would not have dared , but one can also imagine what happened to him later, but ivan did not order to touch him and turned the troops and left for moscow without entering pskov, that is, they seemed to be inviolable. it was a special and great sin to offend rodionov, and even more so to kill, but a great sin entails a great temptation, and therefore her brave ones were beaten, they were killed, and by the way, they were often offended. children are repeatedly described as, let's say, such a gang

of juveniles seemed to attack, and hooligans they kind of knocked down and nailed him and so shabby clothes to a wooden pavement and then, when he got up, and it all remained at them laughing. i also described parts of it. in the lavra, interestingly, many of them seemed to be of non-russian origin. they were, apparently. there are italians, germans, some. this is exactly the same, uh, foolishness go to another earth. even i would say to the anti-world, since these were very different parts of the earth, then such an anti-world in relation to themselves, they were here, and maybe it seemed to them that in russia there is some kind of special third ear , especially clarity in relation to to growth. and

at the same time they converted to orthodoxy, right? uh, they were converting to orthodoxy. e, and. in general, these were not rare cases. i saw one and give birth to him. uh, when my wife and i were at a conference in jerusalem, we met someone like father pierre or father peter uh, he lived near coffins. eh, ancestors. here near not far from the russian monastery. he has an amazing story. he is a frenchman who converted to orthodoxy. and i decided to go on foot to russia, i decided to bow to the icon of the mother of god. now i don’t remember which icon and he didn’t know anything, nor did he know the language. it was the early nineties. he reached the border

of a russian man without a passport, how is he going? then he says, i want to venerate the icon. they tell him, well, go on , he told us that they let him in in the end, because they realized that this man was walking while he was here such a typical and gentile and foolishness. this is not only an attempt to hide one's holiness. at the heroic one. there is one more he. gets rid of his personality. and this most precious thing is dearer than the body, because if a person breaks up, it's terrible and let's say the holy fools sleep, eat dogs in the shed in the garbage. he

does become a declassed personality, but she doesn't lose it either. he dissolves in god and he becomes a part of some kind of divine energy. and the holy fools. it is not so that since she is always many and it seems to have been in a monastery and was they had a period of foolishness, and then they left his kinship. it was, uh, it was normal for them to go out and then begin such a life typical of a monk. it seems to me that hypocrisy is a very useful thing. i'm not calling all uh to become ironic, but her affinity is some kind of self-denunciation. this is some

look at me from the outside and a look with a smile. here, it is especially useful for people who carry themselves, which, as galich sang, think that his every word is a million and every step is a million. stay a little while at least in the inner homeland and you will see how little it is. you mean it by the way, there is a wonderful phrase. she is a goonosore when this formidable inscription appears. and daniil tolkoya tells him in general the situation is you are weighed on the scales of the almighty and found very light . it seems to me that

if we talk about the 20th century, andrei platonov, of course, let's say his narrator begins to be a mother to his brothers and sisters, then puts on a woman's dress and speaks from here. don't call me more seeds. you call me ksenia and ksenia - this, of course, is understandable as a reference to another famous ironic ksenia of petersburg, and for such a proletarian writer, as platonov was still considered during his lifetime, this is surprising , or his story yushka is so classic, by the way, there are also these motives there, the children did not like, they loved the south, they squared the hedgehog, the hedgehog, offended, he was homeless and this one, by the way, such a platonic accent, i want to throw a bridge and uh to your writings. yes, the name platonov is found in the aviator in the last novel. eh, chagen is also such a surname platonic in terms of sound and composition. still, if

to talk not only about the lavra, where the holy fools are shown, as the idolatrous here in the conditions of the natural russian middle ages. and if we talk here, uh, about your work, about your novels, the actions that take place. we are closer to us. yes, in the twentieth century, even in the twenty-first, right here, as you would define it yourself, but this foolish accent that is in your books. it seems to me that the foolish accent, as well, of which you speak of it to a greater or lesser extent. uh carry all my uh novels 'cause it's really a joke and julymar. this is already some prerequisite to the thoughts of auradstvo, and a joke - it's always some other twist. this is a crooked mirror and reality begins to change in it,

but it changes as it changes. so that uh some things suddenly become obvious. and we see that a person has some special ears and suddenly his ear is on the whole mirror, and this mirror is a joke, it always concentrates on something that was not so obvious and it seems to me that humor, i try to write with humor. all my things, even the most sad, t- even lavr, which, in general, is not the most cheerful thing of humor, there is, of course, a lot of humor. it means a lot there, because humor, for example, in relation to death. this is an attempt to show her that you are not afraid of her. i had an absolutely amazing story.

in paris, i wandered into the erlashe cemetery one evening, firstly, i heard music from afar in live music, and i watched can play and dance, and a coffin was brought in to this music. some kind of room i think for the ignition then here, although i don’t know how the order is there yeah, in the center of the circle, which is formed by those present, a woman in a bright red coat is dancing and crying, and she also has a clown's nose glued on, and she is crying. and i want to ask something. what is possible in such cases? how to put the question, but i asked, standing on the edge, what will it be like

a funeral? i'm talking about why in this way he speaks, she expresses her contempt for death. i say why can my interlocutor says he was a jazz musician. this is something close to growth, although non-kinship is in its purest form, and her relationship is a look at yourself from sides. here i am. uh, in general, quite often , uh, i use it. this is the look of a hero, for example, a hero in the first person, and he must always have a sense of humor, just so that it is a stereo look at himself. and chagin has a sense of humor. in chagin himself, chagin has very moderately almost

no humour. it seems to me that he has no sense of humor at all, and humor is achieved due to the fact that we see the main character through the eyes of different people. and here's the humorous effect. it arises from the first pages precisely due to this contrast and also a description. there is also a funeral and here are these funerals, that the fingers of the deceased or there the hands of the deceased pass, but by the sea, although a mistake has occurred. yes, he is an archival worker and the narrator was a former story, only in a real former story, they said that his hands smell like bread. here it was a frightened rest to us, well, someone said that well, yes, he had to cut bread, probably, they could smell, their left. i really have a funeral. and they say that they smell like ship ropes. e, here, ah chugging which everyone thought was a walking paperclip. uh, never had any ship's ropes in his life. but he

had another, he had a phenomenal memory. and now, uh, this memory tormented him , tormented him, and he strove to get rid of it. all my heroes act a little like a schliman and went mono, is it possible for sure like this? i give birth to him to consider him in an adventurous life so changeable. yes, that 's how a person from one state rushes to another and, in fact, in the scientific world they went to him for sure, it seems, they are all like that serious with their merit degrees, and this one really came. that's all the ease of laughing at him. yeah, but in the end , he makes them all easier, uh, look. and i found an absolutely amazing poem for troy , which you quote there, yes, yes, this poem is also very foolish, if you like this poem by viktor schneider

viktor schneider yes, and his poem speaks of paradoxes. i'll read it a little then. yes with pleasure. yes, they say the forger schlimann. so until the end of days who did not recognize that all of his fake finds , given to him as the remains of three, in fact , were often such. he told his wife, my love, my support is happiness, and he himself blushed from this lie and flattery even once. i didn't suspect it myself. that he spoke the true truth and that his wife was his only support, happiness and love. great, right? yes, because a person,

being in his fantasy, he is aware of this. he doesn't understand that fantasy is based on reality. and this is dialectics, this is the ratio of the real and fantastic, it is not at all simple and a person often does not understand himself that he was telling the true truth, in general, chagin is in many ways an amphe novel that we ourselves are a creature in some kind of myth and see everyone in the shell of a myth about myth. i love history somehow. i stopped by dmitry sergeevich likhachev to sign a paper. and i went to one magazine to the editorial office, there was some kind of note and i signed it. he says stay for lunch. company, but it was an offer

not to be refused. well, i spent 2 hours. here he always knows sergeevich to me said some interesting things. in general, i was late for 2 hours, he says to me, well , why did you come so late? i say, perhaps it will be partly an excuse for me that i was asked to stay for dinner with sergeevich likhachev. and they say in unison, and what does he eat? that was it. it was a joke, but it was a joke that followed from the myth that this man? a purely spiritual entity has long been. here are things like lunch. this is, uh, not about him. well, by the way, he also wrote a lot about holy fools. yes, he wrote and it seems, but he deliberately did not consider it much, by the way, hmm, interesting materials collected by her family from sergey ivanov well, there is also

byzantine material. well, well, my wife tatyana did a lot of work. eh, ironic. i kept thinking, maybe she didn't see you either, like why? did she marry me? yes, or vice versa, she decided to watch. eh, how is it that in any person there is also a relationship to anyone and this is quite obvious, because sometimes it’s very difficult to deal directly with being, and her relationship - it's some. i would say the deformation of reality, and in a deformed form it is somehow possible to cope with it, that is, it seems that they are not something very humane human that makes our life easier, there is a human, like this okudzhava, and

this soul is definitely if she is justly burned, more merciful and righteous, these are people with burnt souls, people who have no pride, and this is very important, because it happens that even among ascetics. here there is some pride when a person begins to think. who that's because i'm still probably nobody. and irony you don't think so, because he's always the worst. but this, by the way, is still very interesting in lungin's film, the island there, of course, the image of the protagonist. yes, he bears such obvious traits of her kinship and is also curious. it comes against the backdrop of his own personal tragedy. a little something in common with roman chaga. yes, when a person has some very serious sin on his soul, and he tries, he cannot forget it, he remembers, and here is kinship, as a way to overcome this

uh situations. everyone has their own, but in any case, there is something in common here, it seems to me . yes, and this is the so-called crisis life. and this is bakhtin's term, and he was talking about a special type of crisis inhabitants, egyptian, for example, yes life, at the beginning of which there is a fall of sin and or some kind of terrible act , after all, as far as i understand, when we read some kind of life, we perceive it , as an example. yes, to take an example, but to take an example from the hardcore would be rather strange. it seems to me that it cannot be that of some relay race of some school of some tradition to pass on this rodiologist. or i'm wrong, but in fact, holy fools, too, just like ascetics always assume a certain one. eh, so to speak, examples are exactly the same and generic,

as well as often. eh, let's say even in the lives it is indicated that he follows, but let's say andrei of tsargradsky did, that, and that and or there he, following the seed meat, to whom, uh, he did, that and that, well, hardly we will meet that follows xenia of petersburg some other woman after the death of her husband became. here, but a man's dress and call yourself andrey yes, a unique story, it seems to me that the holy fool is interesting precisely for its absolute uniqueness. and this cannot be repeated, it is not necessary. eh, it can only be once, and they seemed to be very closely following how it was before them . it was

different there were people from very good families. here, and besides, you didn’t have to be literate if, let’s say, you are in a monastery, because they usually read lives at the meal. it turns out that a person left the monastery and became a holy fool. no, he was sometimes within the monastery, and, as it seems, they depressed their body, and they wore two-pound religion, 32 kg. yes, they wore sackcloths. here are the different materials. i am not an expert. here i will not speak, but life is described. that's what but the bristles, they were bristles, they wore inside was so sharp that it seemed to constantly bleed. i have

e in the lavra. a detailed story about the holy fool thomas , here i really like it. he's the kind of person uh, not to say that hmm very hmm ceremonial here but he is vocabulary appropriate vocabulary appropriate to uh. there is such a scene. i think i can see her well. and if you shoot it, maybe someday it will work out. here he is dying. and he decides to free the city at least for a while, pskov from demons, and he walks around the city and everyone knew that thomas was dying and the whole city went out and followed him and thomas threw stones to destroy at least the most impudent demons . at some point, his vision failed, and he says, retreat the light

from my eye they put stones in his hands, and he threw these stones at the demons. that's the kind of fighter he is. e foma uh, oh and kind. you arseniy, he was more of a gentle person, and on the one hand, you need someone who throws stones at demons, but on the other hand, you definitely need someone who speaks like angels himself, and these are different types of foolishness, and it’s wonderful that they are different wonderful. so this was a podcast. the life of the wonderful and and the writer evgeny germanovich vodolazkin was our guest.

this is an easy money podcast, and i am its presenter mikhail khanov and today we have a long-awaited guest deputy chairman of the central bank of the russian federation alexei borisovich zavodkin. hello alex, hello. let's start with dreams. why do we need central banks in a market economy? a market economy needs it. well, let's say in uh regular maintenance in the proper oversight of the audit. here is the central bank, it is the regulator for the financial sector of the economy in order to use it reliably to use ordinary people or the authorities still need to use it was convenient to use the financial sphere. uh, it's convenient for society, of course it's worth it. uh, that's probably the easiest way to answer this question.

this is how i answer it when asked. children, dad, what are you doing? and i say that i and my colleagues in the central bank. uh, our main function is to keep money as money , so that the money that you and i use on a daily basis in uh in our lives, and they retain their value, so that the money that is stored in the bank, they for you were available, so that banks are stable and, uh, so that at the moment when you, uh, want to pay for something with this money, the payment system also works without delay. well, let's slowly understand this. i'm just strong. e my career i practically. e. well, probably, for 25 years they have already been working on the other side of the barricades in companies, in fact, which the central bank regulates and the question with this is, and how much is the authority of the central bank of an unchanged function. he is how they are unchanged, they develop, what has changed over the past, well, let's say 10 years

certainly, but very strongly the growth of the demand for e for e, the security of e and the equipment stability of the e payment system, and since the population is increasingly e, widely use modern non- cash forms of payment, then, of course. e, and. a. also, as it were, remote access to financial services. this comes to the fore and therefore in this block of questions , of course. uh, the channel of the central bank has expanded. e. also after every financial crisis. well, there the last big financial crisis in the west was in 2008, the ninth year, of course, it is expanding the role of central banks in the plan. e regulation of the banking sector in order to maintain its sustainability. and uh, probably what's going on in the banking system of the interchangeable states is what will push even more changes. but in the middle of monetary policy loans there is the task of addressing

price stability. these, probably, were the ancient functions of central america . to be honest, it has not changed significantly, it is necessary that inflation be low and predictable. we have a separate block of questions on this topic. so you said the word crisis, yes, here, but how do crises appear, and what is the central bank doing unconditionally? central bank? ah, vested with power to him, uh, the task is set. as a matter of fact, to respond in a timely manner to changes in economic conditions, including e, to respond faster to crisis preemption sometimes work. and, well, in terms of, as it were, such a reaction to evolutionary changes in the economic cycle, that is, there is an acceleration of economic growth, and there is a transition to slower economic growth. the central bank, aims to work for lead. because his actions. they affect the same inflation with significant lags, and therefore we need to take a period

of looking decisions in order to stabilize inflation at the same time. of course, this is a reaction to the crisis. it usually happens. uh, uh drastically requires very uh quick decisions and of course you his last year in that sense, a clear demonstration when uh twenty-eighth of february at 9:00 am the board of directors before the opening of financial markets. e, met and made the necessary decision to raise the key rate to 20%, which ensured that financial stability was maintained even in the face of an unprecedented shock to our financial system. well, i personally as a participant in the financial system. i believe that these are all the actions of the central bank and ongoing throughout the twenty-second year. uh, it's real, well, it's such a small feat that goes unnoticed, but really, here's the clarity of these actions. she was recognized by all, even there, by opponents of our finances. yes, in western countries. eh, everyone agrees on one thing that the central bank was operating. well, as they say, ssu is sgs, but it’s better not

it happens. you yourself think that the influence of the central bank on development has increased. the economy of the country or not? i will probably answer the question in a positive way, but not in relation to the twenty-second year, but for a longer period of time, that is, with the transition to an inflation targeting policy, uh, and uh, after the central bank of our audience, when in 2014, the central bank, uh, said that its task is to maintain uh, inflation, inflation is the rise in prices of the general price level in the economy and after the central bank was able to this goal to achieve e in 2017, what in 2015, well, no one believed, because 4% inflation in the country has never been after soviet history, the confidence of both financial markets and e and the real sector has certainly increased that the central bank in fact. can achieve the goals that he

sets for himself and a. in terms of financial stability, of course , a lot of work has also been done to strengthen the banking sector, which also lasted there practically from the thirteenth year and, er, these actions. again cumulative effect for this time they laid the foundation. they created the necessary foundation that allowed us to operate in the twenty-second year, as we acted and actually enabled the economy. uh, respond effectively to our actions. here is the feedback. she is very important. yes, but i would really like you to comment on such a well-known myth or persistent opinion that the central bank of the russian federation, why does the world financial behind the scenes completely obey them and does exactly what it is the most global financial behind the scenes. he is ordered in reality, how these or those are accepted. decisions and who decides on monetary policy loans. decision on monetary policy. e in the central bank

hosts the board of directors of the central bank, and takes place eight times a year. regular e meetings of the board of directors dedicated to e rate e decisions that are made are prepared during the whole meeting cycle, in which so thanksgiving and the board of directors. how he makes the decision that, in his opinion, is most consistent with the task of returning inflation to influence. this is the same mythical world financial backstreet. still, they say that the central bank is not subject to anyone, it acts on its own. well, it comes up right away. this is the world's financial backstage. is there any way to dispel this? uh, going back to the first part so uh to the myths. eh, really. to refer to this statement or to this story, as it should be like uh hmm a myth that apparently formed in the nineties, then we had hyperinflation in the early nineties. uh, big budget deficits and the imf was heavily involved in foreign exchange

international currency yes actively learning. the main point is to, well, help or achieve, how would macroeconomic stabilization, reduce inflation and so on. and uh, for this, uh, the imf was lending to the russian economy, providing loans to the russian government. and these loans were conditioned by certain parameters of actions that were required and that's the government. and here is the central bank, but we paid off all our loans when we got rid of the loans in the second year. we repaid all the imf loans and since then e has not bound by no obligation. that is, let's clearly formulate for our audience that since 2002 there are not even prerequisites to think that the central bank is subordinate to someone for some kind of financial dependence, well, direct financially dependent lending in exchange for some decisions with point of view of economic development.

we sorted out the central bank filing at the state duma, which we will go to in the near future they all have independent opinions on one issue or another, starting there from the two-circuit system of currencies. yes, it ends with a ruble frame. and these are players of the same level. they have the same weight. here are the central bank of the ministry of finance and the ministry of economic development who listens more uh, uh, each agency acts within its powers and uh, we certainly work in regular interaction with the minek government. and the ministry of finance is the relevant departments. we certainly compare our position when preparing a delivery decision, but about our decision and our updated forecast the phenomenon is recognized at the same time as everyone at 1:30 they have no, no. my computer request is not

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little friday. allow yourself more with a big cashback, thursday, catch a thousand rubles, after the first purchase on the card, friday is my turn and my cashback. do better every day. issue a new card for life on vtb.ru. it’s easy to go beautifully into the sunset because there is a scooter. believe your luck, the same electric cars are in the big draw from the scooter. register on the site , order your favorite products and participate in the drawing of thousands of prizes. details in the scooter application. you are watching the easy money podcast and today we are talking about deputy chairman of the bank of russia alexei bobotkin. how important is the trust of citizens for the central bank and, in general, is it possible to achieve such a policy and openness

of the information of the central bank? a few words about this, so that citizens really trust that the central bank is doing everything right. there is such a goal first the trust of citizens is very important and there is certainly such a goal. it is difficult to achieve, especially in a country where inflation has been either high or very high or hyperinflation for a long period of time and, in this sense, deserve analyst credibility. uh, professional participants in the banking market. eh, it’s much easier, if we look at the polls of analysts, it’s clear that for many years, as if analysts believe that inflation will be 4% with citizens, of course this is hmm communication , it is complicated by the fact that macroeconomics is generally a complex subject an area that, uh, most people don't encounter in everyday life, so for us, probably, in

terms of earning the trust of society, the surest way is to achieve what we promise, what you have some criterion. so you think that the trust of the society of citizens of the central bank has increased or decreased? that is how how how you measure eat? uh, different toolkits most like that. uh, publicly visible is our regular inflation expectation polls, where he does polls on a monthly basis. uh, 2,000 citizens every month about their information expectations for the future and we publish this is an important part, oh. well, this is a representative sample throughout the russian federation yes. here and now these inflation expectations are falling much faster than they did in 1919-1717. this allowed us to cut rates faster

last year, but they are still somewhat higher than they were in the 17th-18th century, when inflation was around 4%. in many developed countries there is a huge number of regulators. well, on the example of the same america, there are them. uh, there's even a dozen more. yes , each industry regulates separately, this or that department is often commercial in england . and we have a mega-regulator. he even the mega-regulator is called quite officially, but the central bank of the russian federation and in connection with this issue. what is the role of the chairman of the central bank personally in the very formation of trust and in the decision? reveal a little secret to us. how is the, uh, meeting of these same board of directors. how inverted. there prevails listens to how important her opinion is, that is, the role of the chairman of the central bank as a regulator , see let's break the question into two parts, the role. uh, imagine the central bank as the first person of a large organization, it is very multifaceted, like the role of any first person

in a very large organization. yes, but if we are talking, uh, specifically about the decision on monetary policy, then i would formulate it this way, the main role in the decision-making process is to make sure that all the opinions of the participants in the discussion who take part in the preparation supply solutions. they were heard, the forks were marked, where there is a discrepancy in the assessment of the current situation or in the assumptions about what awaits us in the future and, accordingly, were, uh, adequately risks are assessed in relation to what emerges as some kind of criminal opinion about the baseline scenario. that is, he formulated it. so it consists in the fact that after the results of a comprehensive discussion a weighted consensus is formed, monetary policy, in fact, we will move on to it. and what is it in general and

why is it needed? in time and uh, this is necessary for any citizen. this is actually necessary for business and citizens. this is necessary to maintain the purchasing power of his savings, to maintain the purchasing power of his income, and for the business to have predictable dynamics. the price allows you to better predict. e your profitability your uh, future, uh, financial position. and this in turn. actually reduces investment risks. and ceteris paribus, e, contributes to sustainable economic growth. practically responded to my next question, but i'm asking it anyway. direct for business, what is more important low inflation or predictable? as uh experience shows, uh, many decades from many countries predictable, there is only low

inflation, good answer then. okay , next question then. is there such a thing as normal inflation or low inflation? is there such an understanding in numbers, how much is it? well, there is no concept of normal inflation. here are the good ones, and the answer of one of the uh, central bankers, and there is the greenpin, which he gave to the meeting system, yes for our audience, yes which he gave at one of the delivery meetings. uh, in the early 2000s, when asked. what is price stability? well , as a matter of fact, what is yes, here, uh, and he thought about it and answered it is such a rate of inflation such a rate is simply cyan at which uh, it is invisible to a simple person. accordingly, this level is probably different for everyone, but it is definitely a value that is below 5%, in our case 4% is the inflation target. well, that is , the market manages to correlate the incomes of citizens

in such a way that, along with the rise in prices, it was imperceptible. well, or almost imperceptibly , it is clear that it is impossible to do this for each product from the basket. yes, but in general for the consumption basket. yes, uh, it was subtly good that inflation didn't affect the decisions you make, yes, that you didn't think about whether you should save or not, because you are afraid that inflation will eat your savings. let's talk about numbers about our country. i think this will be a pleasant question, because recently came out figures, inflation for february, 23 will be easier than 20 second at the moment it is difficult to give a short answer, because there are two ways to measure inflation. the number that is published most often. this is annual inflation. that is, it is the accumulated increase in prices. some period. yes this year to the end of mars last year. this value will be below 4%. and in april, most likely, it will even decrease further, does this mean that inflation has already

returned to our target of not quite 4% yes, it coincides with the target for twenty-fourth. necessary to distinguish between the goal, what the central bank is striving for, how to return or keep inflation at this level and the forecast, for example, the inflation forecast for this year, it is slightly higher than 5-7, but next year and beyond. we expect inflation to be 4% and the target is close to 4%. let's talk a little about the issue that is of concern. i think that each how the ruble exchange rate is formed. and in general, why the exchange rate of the ruble is formed precisely against the dollar, someday we will stop, but consider the exchange rate of our ruble against the dollar. and how now, uh, goes the process of de-dalarization of the economy. and what part does the central bank take in this, if, of course, it takes a lot at once. questions, er, well, a little different topics, yes, yes. if we talk about the formation of the exchange rate, then we are used to measuring the exchange rate, not to form, but to measure the ruble exchange rate and its relationship with

the us dollar in the same way as for most other currencies is also the main one. e ratio this e-e exchange rate is measured by citizens of other countries in relation to the dollar, but not everywhere, for example, in central europe, the main ratio of e, local currencies currencies it is from well, let's say the citizens are not looking at the ratio with the dollar. she ate the ratio. and, accordingly, why in many countries these relations of the national currency with the dollar are really here - this is the focus of attention. uh, the public is in touch with the fact that dollars have been the main currency of economic relations for many years, including for us, uh, foreign trade settlements, and plus the dollar for almost forty years it has been a currency. which was low inflation. it was a good reliable measured the value and therefore it was convenient to measure the value of other currencies in relation to what is an unchanging

stable constant, yes uh comparative, but uh taking into account the fact that inflation in the us and in fact both in the euro area and in the uk in the last 2 of the year. it exceeded whatever was observed in the previous one, let's say, it is eight and nine and 10 percent even higher and in these conditions it is unconditional to compare, as it were, the value of its national currency. against what becomes more mobile and not stable more free actually becomes more controversial, but uh, if you sum it up from the point of view of a russian citizen really. well, not the ratio of the ruble to the dollar, the non-exchange rate of the ruble to the dollar or some other currency, but the purchasing power of the ruble. that is , the rate at which you can

exchange your rubles for a basket of those goods and services that you use the central bank in this. uh, takes some part directly or everything is going on how is it going and economic relations are developing in such a way that, well now, many countries are transitioning. uh, in your relationships with each other without being tied to the us dollar, you see this trend. uh , what is really russia with its trading partners to a greater extent there, uh, located in the hemisphere. yes, with china and indonesia. here too with india there. well, or there with latin america that is, is there a trend? well, it's not even a trend. it 's such a fast shift that's happened over the past year and is continuing. and it's due to, well, the sanctions that were put in place in the first quarter. years they are very strong complicated the settlements in dollars euros for our e-companies. uh, involved in foreign trade and, accordingly, they seem to use other means of payment,

which are more convenient and, accordingly, are more reliable money for these companies. well, if you look at the structure of citizens' savings, and citizens also significantly reduced their foreign currency deposits and increased the share of rubles in their savings. meet the new card for life from vtb day after day, the three gods of anxiety, and with them insomnia, and so on, as long as you can help yourself deal with anxiety and insomnia. able four weeks for the most pronounced action. burn fill a bunch of applications for loans in banks. compare will help fill out just one application for a loan and get approved on the best terms, and the largest banks in comparison. if the loan is an application, compare where you are going to leave, tired of one too.