[000:00:00;00] the head of the russian ministry of foreign affairs sergey lavrov arrived in cuba as part of his diplomatic marathon havana became the fourth point of the minister's trip for strange latin america they talked about the development of tourism launch, air communications between countries the topic is on the agenda of the intergovernmental commission concerns international issues, the head of the russian mida noted the non-fulfillment of the terms of the grain deal by the west in terms of unblocking the export of russian food, what is happening confirms our well-known fundamental assessments that, in contrast to the announced initiatives. uh, general, such as helping the poorest countries with a grain deal in its

ukrainian part. predominantly commercial in nature, and as such it hardly helps third world countries into the european union as the americans themselves are not interested in this. they are interested in further commercialization of grain exports from ukraine, including within the framework of the so-called black sea initiative, sergei lavrov will leave havana for new york, he will take part in a meeting of the un security council , our country is the chairman of the organization in april, it is planned that the head of the russian foreign ministry will meet with the secretary general of the united nations, antonio guteres with whom to discuss a grocery deal. such news to this minute, we continue to follow the development of events and stay on channel one. see you soon. and chagin has a feeling

humor, chagin himself has very moderate chagin, he has almost no humor. it seems to me that he has no sense of humor at all, and humor is achieved due to the fact that we see the main character through the eyes of different people. and here's the humorous effect. it arises in the first pages precisely due to this contrast and also a description. there is also a funeral and these funerals, that the fingers of the deceased or the hands of the deceased propagator, but by the sea, although a mistake has occurred. yes, he is an archival worker. yes, the narrator is a former story, only in real former stories they said that his hands smell bread. here it was about boogal to us, well, someone said that well, yes, he had to cut bread, probably, they could smell, their left. i really have a funeral. and there they say that the hands smell like ship's ropes, and here is chagin, whom everyone considered a walking paperclip, eh. when you didn't

have any ship's ropes in his life, but he had something else, he had a phenomenal memory. and this memory tormented him painfully, and he strove to get rid of it. i have all the heroes a little they act like a schliman and a schliman, it’s just possible to consider him as such a badass in such an adventurous life as dumplings, yes, that ’s how a person from one state rushes to another and, in fact, in the scientific world they certainly didn’t go to his homeland. they are all so serious with their merit degrees. and this one came really laughed at him. yes, but in the end he makes them all easier. uh, uh, shamed everyone and found troy a completely amazing poem that you quote there, yes, well, yes, this is a poem. such a very

foolish, if you like, this is a poem by viktor schneider viktor schneider yes, but his poem speaks of paradoxes , then i will read it a little. yes, they say, the forger is schlimann. so until the end of days and not knowing that all his fake finds given to him as the remains of three and in fact were such, he often told his wife, my love, my support of happiness, and he blushed from this lie and flattery even once. himself without suspecting that he was telling the true truth and that his wife was his only support

and love. great, right? yes, because a person, being in his fantasy, he is aware of this. he doesn't understand that fantasy is based on reality. and this dialectic is the ratio of the real and the fantastic, it is not at all simple and the person himself often does not understand that he was telling the true truth, in general, chagin is in many ways an amphe novel about the fact that we existed for ourselves in some kind of myth and all we see in the shell of the myth about the myth. i love history somehow i stopped by dmitry sergeevich likhachev sign the paper. and i went to one magazine to the editorial office, there was some kind of note and i

signed it. he says stay for lunch. i have company, but it was an offer not to be refused. well, i spent 2 hours. here to me sergeyevich, he obviously always told some interesting things. in general, i was late for 2 hours, he says to me, well , why did you come so late? i say , maybe it will be partly an apology for me that medsergeich likhachev asked me to stay for dinner, and they say in chorus, but what does he eat? that was it. it was a joke, but it was a joke that followed from the myth that this man? a purely spiritual entity has long been. that's things like lunch it is, not about it. by the way, he also wrote a lot. yes, he wrote, like, hmm well, he didn't specifically

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inflammation in muscles and joints. by the way, there are a lot of interesting materials collected by her family from sergey ivanov. well, there is also byzantine material. well, well, my wife tatyana did a lot of, uh, holy fools, and i always think, maybe she is in me i saw her too, like him why? did she marry me? yes, or vice versa, she decided to watch. eh, how is it that in any person there is irodstvo in any? ah, and it's quite obvious, because sometimes. it's very difficult to deal directly with being,

and kinship is some. i would say the deformation of reality, and in a deformed form it is somehow possible to cope with it, that is, it seems that they are not something very humane human that makes our life easier, there is a human, like this okudzhava, and the soul is already exactly if burnt justice is more merciful and righteous , these are people with burnt souls, people who have no pride, and this is very important, because it happens that even among ascetics. here there is some pride when a person begins to think. and who's like me, probably no one else. and irony you don't think so, because he's always the worst. but this, by the way, is still very interesting in lungin's film, the island there, of course, the image of the protagonist. yes, he bears such obvious traits of her kinship and is also curious. it occurs in the background

his own personal tragedy. a little something in common with roman chaga. yes, when a person has some very serious sin on his soul, and he tries, he cannot forget it, he remembers, and here is kinship, as a way to overcome this situation. everyone has their own, but in any case, there is something in common here, it seems to me. yes, uh, it's the so -called crisis living. and this is the term hena , and he spoke about a special type of crisis inhabitants, egyptian, for example, yes life, at the beginning of which the fall into sin and or some a terrible act is always the same, as far as i understand, when we read some kind of life, we perceive it as a kind of example. yes , to take an example, but to take an example from the heroic ones would be rather strange. so it seems to me that it can’t be, that some kind of relay race

of some school of some tradition to pass on this holy fool. or i’m wrong, but in fact , holy fools, too, like ascetics always assume a certain one. uh, so to speak, examples are exactly the same as her homeland and often. uh, let's say even in the lives it is indicated that he follows, but let's say he did to tsar andrei, so-and-so, and or there he is, following the seed place, to whom he did, so-and-so, well, we are unlikely to find that some other woman follows xenia of petersburg after the death of her husband became here. sit a man's dress and call yourself andrey yes, history, it seems to me, that's what seems to be interesting precisely for its absolute uniqueness. yes, and this cannot be repeated, it is not necessary. it can only be once, and they seemed to be very

closely following how it was before them. eh, it was such information channels, how could they? the lives of the herodians it was different there were people from very good families. here, and besides, you didn’t have to be literate if, for example, you are in a monastery, because you usually read the lives at the meal. it turns out that a person left the monastery and became heroic. no, he was sometimes within the monastery, and, as it seems, they depressed their body, and they wore two-pound religion, 32 kg. yes, they wore elks. here are the different materials. i am not

an expert here i will not speak, but life is described. that's what and here's the bristles, that's them the bristles worn inside were so sharp that the radio constantly bled. i have e in the lavra. the full story about the holy fool thomas, here i really like it. he is such a person, uh, not to say that hmm very hmm ceremonious here but he is the vocabulary of the appropriate and the vocabulary of the appropriate uh. there is such a scene. i think i can see her well. and if you shoot it, maybe someday it will work out. here he is dying. and he decides to free the city at least for a while, pskov from demons, and he walks through the city and everyone knew that thomas dies and the whole city went out and followed him

, and thomas threw stones in order to destroy at least the most impudent demons. at some point , his eyesight failed, and he says, depart the light from my eyes, they put stones in his hands, and he threw these stones at demons. here he is such a fighter, and thomas is a oh and kind. you arseniy, he was more of a gentle person, and on the one hand, you need someone who throws stones at demons, but on the other, you definitely need someone who speaks like angels himself, and this is different types of foolishness, and it’s wonderful that they are wonderfully different. so this was a podcast. the life of the wonderful and and

the writer evgeny vodolazkin was our guest. this is an easy money podcast, and i am its host mikhail khanov and today we have a long-awaited guest, deputy chairman of the central bank of the russian federation, alexei borisovich zavodkin. hello alex, hello. let's start with dreams. why do we need central banks in a market economy? a market economy needs it. well, so, let's say in e regular maintenance in due supervision of the audit. here is the central bank is a regulator for the financial sector of the economy in order to use it reliably to use ordinary people or the authorities to ensure that it is convenient to use the financial sector. uh, it's

convenient for society, of course, it's worth it. uh , that would be probably the easiest way to answer this question. this is how. i answer it when the children ask me, dad is doing something. uh, i say that i and my colleagues in the central bank. uh our main function is to make money remain money so that the money that you and i use on a daily basis in uh in our lives, and they retain their value, so that the money that is stored in the bank is available to you, so that banks are stable and uh, so that at the moment when you , uh, want to pay for something with this money, the payment system also works without delay. well, let's slowly understand this. i'm just by virtue of my career i'm practical. well, probably for 25 years i have already

been working on the other side of the barricades of companies, in fact, which the central bank regulates and issues with this such, and how much the powers of the central bank of its invariable function, how much they are unchanged, they develop, what has changed over the past, well, let's say, 10 years the last 10 years , definitely, but very strongly uh and the equipment stability of the payment system and uh, since the population is increasingly uh, widely using modern non-cash forms of payment, then uh, naturally. e, and. a. also, as it were , remote access to financial services. it comes to the fore and therefore in this block of questions certainly. uh, the channel of the central bank has expanded. e. also after every financial crisis. well, the last big financial crisis in the west was in 2008-9, of course, the role of central banks is expanding in terms of regulating

the banking sector in order to maintain its stability. and uh, i guess what 's going on in the banking system in the united states right now that will push more changes. and here is in the middle of monetary credit policy. there the task of solving the price of stability. this is probably one of them was the ancient functions of central america. to be honest, it did not change significantly, it is necessary that inflation be low and predictable. we have a separate block of questions on this topic. so you said the word crisis, yes, that's how crises appear, and what the central bank does is definitely the central bank, and the task is set for it, vested with power. as a matter of fact, it is timely e to respond to changes in economic conditions, including e, to respond faster to crisis convictions. sometimes they work, but, well, in terms of as if e such a reaction to evolutionary changes in the economic cycle, that is, there is

an acceleration of economic growth, and there is a transition to slower economic growth. the central bank, tends to work proactively. because his actions. they affect the same inflation with significant lags, and therefore we need to take a period of looking decisions in order to stabilize inflation, and at the same time. of course, this is a reaction to the crisis. it usually happens. uh, drastically requires very uh quick decisions and of course, last year in this sense a clear demonstration when u twenty- eighth february at 9:00 am to the board of directors before the opening of financial markets. e, met and made the necessary decision to raise the key rate to 20%, which ensured the maintenance of financial stability even in the face of an unprecedented shock to our financial system. well, i personally as a participant in the financial system. i believe that these are all the actions of the central bank and ongoing throughout the twenty-second year. uh, it's real, well, it's such a small feat that goes unnoticed, but

really, here's the clarity of these actions. she recognized by all even there opponents of our finances. yes, in western countries. uh, everyone agrees on one thing that the actions of the central bank were. well, as they say, sgudsg. yes, it doesn't get any better. you yourself think that the influence of the central bank on development has increased. and the country's economy or not? i will probably answer the question in a positive way, but not in relation to the twenty-second year, but for a longer period of time, that is, with the transition to an inflation targeting policy, uh, and uh, after the central bank of our audience, when in 2014 central the bank, uh, said that its task is to maintain e inflation this increase in prices of the general price level in the economy and after the central bank was able to achieve this goal, uh, in 2017, what in 2015, well, no one

believed , because there has never been 4% inflation in the country since soviet history, the confidence of both the financial markets and the real sector in the fact that the central bank can actually achieve the goals that it sets for itself has certainly increased. e in terms of financial stability, of course a lot of work has also been done to strengthen the banking sector, which also lasted there from the thirteenth year practically and, er, these actions. again , the accumulated effect during this time they laid the foundation. they created the necessary foundation that allowed us to operate in the twenty -second year, as we acted and actually enabled the economy. uh, respond effectively to our actions. here is the feedback. she is very important. yes, and i would really like you to comment on such a well-known myth or persistent opinion that a the central bank of the russian federation is subordinate to the world financial backstage , they completely obey and does exactly what

it is the most global financial backstage. he is ordered in reality, how certain decisions are made. and who makes the decision on monetary policy credits? the decision on monetary policy. e in the central bank accepts the board of directors of the central bank. ah, eight times a year. regular meetings of the board of directors dedicated to e rate decisions that are made during the whole meeting cycle, in which and the board of directors. how he makes the decision that, in his opinion, is most consistent with the task of returning inflation will be affected by that very mythical world financial purchase. still , they say that the central bank is not under the power of anyone, it acts on its own. well, it comes up right away. this is the world's financial backstage. here you can somehow dispel this uh kamifu. uh, really uh refer to this statement or this uh story, as it

should be like uh hmm a myth that seems to have been formed in the nineties, then we had hyperinflation in the early nineties. uh, large budget deficits and the imf actively participated in the foreign exchange form yes, actively teaching. vala is to help achieve, how would macroeconomic stabilization to reduce inflation and so on. and uh, for this, uh, the imf was lending to the russian economy, providing loans to the russian government. and these loans were conditioned by certain parameters of actions that were required and that's the government. and here is the central bank, but we paid off all our loans when we got rid of loans the second year. we repaid all imf loans and have not been bound by any obligations since. let 's clearly formulate for our audience that since

2002 there has not even been any reason to think that the central bank is subordinate to someone for some kind of financial dependency. well direct financial dependent lending in exchange for some solution in terms of economic development. figured out the central bank filing on the state house we well soon we'll go to the annual match yeah, ah if we take the players here, the central bank of the ministry of finance of the ministry of economic development, and, well, firstly, very often they all have independent opinions on certain issues, starting from the two-circuit currency system. yes it comes to an end with frame ruble. and these are players of the same level. they have the same weight. here are the central bank of the ministry of finance and the ministry of economic development who will be listened to more. uh, each department operates within its own mandate and uh, we certainly work in regular interaction with the minek government. and the ministry of finance is the relevant departments. we unconditionally verify our position when

preparing a delivery decision, but, uh, about our decision and our updated forecast , the phenomenal will learn at the same time as everyone else at 1:30 they have no, no. you are watching the easy money podcast and today we are talking to the deputy chairman of the bank of russia alexei bobotkin. how important is the trust of citizens for the central bank and, in general, is it possible to achieve such a policy and openness of the information of the central bank? a few words about this, so that citizens really trust that the central bank is doing everything right. there is such a goal first . the trust of citizens is very important and the goal is there certainly is. it is difficult to achieve, especially in a country where for a long period of time inflation has been either high or very high or hyperinflation, and in this sense earn the trust of analysts. uh, professional

participants in the banking market. uh, it's much easier, if we look at, uh, analysts' polls, it's clear that for many years, as if analysts believe that inflation will be 4% with citizens, of course, this is hmm communication , it is complicated by the fact that macroeconomics is in general complex subject area, which e, most people don't come across in everyday life, so for us, probably, in terms of earning the trust of society, the surest way is to achieve the fact that we promise the strength of some criterion. so you think that the trust of the society of citizens of the central bank has increased or decreased. that is, how how how how do you measure there are various tools, most of which are publicly visible, these are our regular surveys of inflation expectations, when the public opinion fund conducts surveys on a monthly basis. uh, 2,000 citizens each

a month about their conflicting expectations for the future and we publish this is an important part of the regions, and oh, well, this is a representative sample throughout the russian federation, yes. and now these inflationary expectations are declining much faster than they did in 1919-1717. this allowed us to cut rates faster last year, but they are still slightly higher than e. were in 17-18-19 , when inflation was closer than 4%. in many developed countries there is a huge number of regulators. well, on the example of the same america itself there, uh, there are tenths even more yes, each industry is separately regulated by this or that department, often commercial in england and we have a mega-regulator. it is even officially called the mega-regulator, er, the central bank of the russian federation, and in connection with this question. what is the role of the individual? is the central bank presiding over

the formation of trust and decision? tell us a little secret. yes, how are the meetings, uh, the same directors, as far as the university. there prevails listens, how important her opinion is, then there is the role of the chairman of the central bank as a regulator , see let's break the question into two parts, the role of the chairman of the central bank as the first person of a large organization, it is very multifaceted, like the role of any first person of a very large organization. yes, but if we are talking, uh, specifically about the decision on monetary policy, then i would formulate it this way, the main role in the decision-making process is to make sure that all the opinions of the participants in the discussion who take part in the preparation supply solutions. they were the forks were heard, where there is an origin in the assessment of the current situation or in the assumptions about what awaits us

in the future and, accordingly , the risks were adequately assessed in relation to what emerges as some kind of criminal opinion about the base scenario . that is, he formulated it. so what it means is that after a weighted consensus is formed based on the results of a comprehensive discussion, monetary policy, in fact, we will move on to it. what is it and why is it needed? monetary policy is defined as uh, so that money remains money, that is, so that it retains its purchasing power over time and uh, this is necessary for any citizen. this is actually necessary for business and citizens. this is necessary to maintain the purchasing power of his savings, to maintain the purchasing power of his income, and for the business to have predictable dynamics. the price allows you to better predict. e your profitability your uh,

future, uh, financial position. and that's all and queue. actually reduces investment risks. other things being equal, e, contributes to sustainable economic growth. well, practically answered my next questions, but i'm still asking his ass. direct for business, what is more important low inflation or predictable? as u shows, the experience u of many decades from many countries is predictable, there is only low inflation. good answer. uh then, well then , next question. is there such a thing as normal or low inflation? is there such an understanding in numbers? how much is it? well, the concept no normal inflation. here are the good ones, and the answer from one of uh, central bankers green that he gave at the meeting, yes , the system, yes for our audience, yes, which he gave at one of the delivery meetings. ah, in the early 2000s, when asked. what is price stability? well

, actually, what is it, and he thought he answered. this is such a rate of inflation such a rate is simply cyan at which, uh, it is not noticeable to an ordinary person. accordingly, for each this level is probably different, but it is definitely a value that is below 5% in our 4% is the inflation target. well, that is , the market manages to correlate the incomes of citizens in such a way that, along with the rise in prices, it is imperceptible. well, or almost imperceptibly , it is clear that it is impossible to do this for each product from the basket. yes, but in general for the consumption basket. yes, uh, it was subtly good that inflation didn't affect the decisions you make, yes, that you didn't think about whether you should save or not, because you are afraid that inflation will eat your savings. let's talk about figures about our country. i think this is going to be a nice question, because the inflation figures for february have just come out, 23

will be easier than 202. it's hard to give a short answer at the moment because there are two ways to measure inflation. the number that is published most often. this is annual inflation. that is, it is the accumulated increase in prices. some time in the past year. this value will be below 4%. and in april, most likely, it will even decrease even more, does this mean that inflation has already returned to our target ? not quite 4% yes, it coincides with the goal on the twenty-fourth. it is necessary to distinguish between the goal , what the central bank is striving for, how to return or keep inflation at this level, and the forecast, for example, the inflation forecast for this year, it is slightly higher than 5-7, but next year and beyond. we expect inflation to be 4% and the target is close to 4%. let's talk a little about the issue that is of concern. i think that each how the ruble exchange rate is formed. and in general, why is the ruble exchange rate formed precisely against