Рюриковичи : 1TV : April 30, 2023 1:55pm-5:00pm MSK : Free Borrow & Streaming : Internet Archive

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if someone dresses, someone sews, hats, boots, i don’t wear mine. here she is, maybe even at -30 ° walk calmly money you have to run, and she loves to walk on the street. i live outside the city. she walks without a leash. she wears. there, through the fields along the roads, she is interested in hmm type, so no matter how cold it is. yes, of course, if i walked in the city on a leash, probably i would wear it, because honey tisha hello

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they give the duck to set aside. in general, charming dogs, thank you so much for coming to us today. very nice to meet you. thank you for watching. go to the site of the first there you can review all the videos, vote for them , leave us yours, so that we are with you bye bye. so scary.

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it was his first time in the water. khan had already decided that he would give the label not to him, but to dmitry, the suzdal enemy and rival of moscow , the more the russian princes squabbled, the tighter the noose of the golden horde was tightened around their necks . so mitya would always hold on with all his might. if only not to burst into tears, all the efforts of great-grandfather grandfather and father everything went well. but they are through a month will lose power along with its head, and

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moscow will remain the russian state. grand duke dmitry will strike at the age-old. after the mongol invasion, all major

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cities including kiev and vladimir lay in ruins. russia became part of the golden horde as part of the vast mongol empire at the end of the 13th century, northeastern russia was in a state of general poverty and desolation as a result of the mongol invasion , the population density of trade in the surrounding cities greatly decreased. practically froze thousands of artisans were driven into captivity by the horde. many crafts before mongolian russia were lost, the widespread circulation of money ceased in everyday life , substitutes for coins were used, up to glass and stone beads. on the edge of a devastated country far from busy trade routes and big politics lay the small principality of moscow, hidden behind

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forests and swamps. it suffered less than others from the horde campaigns. the younger son of alexander nevsky, daniil alexandrovich, reigned here ; power, did not fight and taught this to all his numerous sons. but his most attentive student will be the youngest ivan danilovich ivan was only 5 years old when the war began, the struggle of his brothers for the great reign ended with the fact that one of them brought a mongolian, punitive detachment to russia. people. moscow was filled with refugees, people hoped that the mongols would pass by, they wanted to sit out behind a wooden fence. moscow has been completed.

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prince daniel gave all his personal property to help the victims of the fire. he died young, but managed to rebuild moscow and expand their lands. his two sons , the eldest yuri and the younger john, remained in moscow. paternal throne yuri accepted a heavy inheritance; he had to get involved in a dangerous war with a mighty door at that time stronger than moscow yuri left his younger brother in moscow. and he went to the horde to fight for the golden label there. the russian land consisted of appanages of separate territories with their own rulers, all appanage princes, by will. khan received a label, that is, the right to manage their own lands, one of

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princes, by choice. khan also received a golden label the right to a great reign. the grand duke was considered the eldest of the specific princes, and all of them were subordinate to him. at that time, the golden label was held by prince michael of tver and the door, taking advantage of this , he took away moscow's land. but now the great reign was given not to the one who was older in the family, but who would quickly run to the khan and offer him more gifts. after spending almost 2 years on the ward, yuri moskovsky managed to outplay his opponent. he married his sister. khan of the uzbek received a high mongolian title guragana, and as a wedding gift , a long-awaited golden label. he did not have long to celebrate the victory. mikhail of tverskoy went to yuri with a war, defeated his army, and

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did not take the books prisoner. yuri, like a hunted animal, rushed about in the moscow body, his princess was his sister. the khan of the uzbeks was held hostage. he will never forgive him for this oversight to go to ardon. vinnytsia in front of the uzbek was scared before the trial. what to do? he did not know, but then he came, white from fear, and said. it is not known why the princess captured in tver died? it was a blow in a rage yuri rushed at the ambassador and killed him. coming to his senses, he decided

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to immediately go to the ardu, no matter what happened before the prince of tver, in order to accuse him of the death of the khan's daughter. mikhail tverskoy was also going to. he understood that the game was over if he did not go and destroy the entire door, princess, they begged mikhail not to go and went to the khan to give his life for peace on tver land. the horde, together with yuri's warriors, executed mikhail by tearing out his heart after 7 years, mikhail will avenge him

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son. he will kill yuri of moscow and he himself will be executed for this. but khan will take moscow's golden label and return its doors. after the death of yuri, moscow remained the youngest and last of the danilovichi ivan, he received a monstrous knot of hatred and strife, which they managed to tighten so tightly in the bloody struggle, moscow and tver it's time to fix save. in fact, he was the ruler of moscow for a long time, while his older brother yuri fought with the door, ivan was actually

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his vicegerent prince without the right to make decisions. now out of five danilovichi, he was left alone. power is the strength of his worst enemies but ivan was not going to fight for the label, he had more important things to do. he began to restore, equip, and gradually expand his principality, accumulating strength and means. at this time, a new horde ambassador, a chalkhan, or a cousin of the great khan, came to tver to knock out arrears, he settled in the princely palace, behaved like in a conquered city and the doors could not stand the uprising that engulfed the entire city tatars. the merchants from the goblets were killed by clicks. his retinue was burned alive in the princely palace. this jeopardized the whole of russia and, first

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of all, the closest neighbor, the principality of moscow. ivan of moscow hastily went to the horde, he did not yet know from the depths of his soul he was rising. and now that the blood of their neighbors parents wives and children. ivan danilovich remembered well, that sheer horror that the people had left not to lie. the mongols go spread wide across the land like wildfire. ivan had to defend moscow at any cost , there was nowhere to retreat. khanuzbek accepted him kindly and set the conditions for the moscow regiments to go on a campaign against the door along with

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the mongols, then not a single horde warrior would set foot on the land of moscow. van danilovich made his choice. he knew that the tverites would curse him and possibly condemn his descendants, but he chose peace on moscow land and throughout northern russia, the united army of the horde and muscovites defeated the rebellious one. door. great reign. khan handed over to prince ivan of moscow , having received a golden label, ivan did not move to capital vladimir as other princes did he stayed in his moscow, soon moved to him from vladimir, and metropolitan peter thus turned moscow into the new spiritual capital of russia metropolitan peter managed to do everything himself painted icons tirelessly, traveled around the dioceses, exhorted and preached , called the princes to peace,

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prevented the preaching of islam from the horde. he taught his spiritual children, and above all, prince ivan danilovich of moscow, humility to give up the small in order to preserve the main thing and moscow will become a strong stronghold of orthodoxy in that its salvation. metropolitan peter advised the prince to build a large church in moscow in honor of the assumption of the virgin, if you listen to me son, that you yourself will be glorified and your sons and grandsons and grace. glorious will be his enemies defeated. ivan danilovich knew that vladyka was a seer and he believed every word of his on victory day on first street beautifully. here look what a girl. damn yesterday's

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a trope asset on apteka.ru bank, a loan of up to 5 million . unpack the dacha with yandex.market. buy a set of dishes ikea announcement for 999 rubles. nuggets in them cream for juiciness and crust and crispy slivushki nuggets, knitting, juiciness crunch and smiles. how do i remember the name of the head. spinning promotes memory recovery and dizziness reduction. now, without forgetting, it was even impossible to imagine the great future that metropolitan peter is so confident in moscow. with the blessing of vladyka , prince ivan laid a stone church in the center of the city and centuries later, the assumption cathedral

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of the moscow kremlin will become the main temple of the russian state. he raced through a blizzard, prickly snow covered his face and the field was endless far ahead, a huge mountain went into the very sky. and even through the blizzard i saw how its snow-white top shines. but suddenly melted, glittering on top of the snow. and after samara disappeared without a trace, it is difficult to breathe , the prince woke up. peter explained to him there is your state, and you only

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then when you hear, then came to you, a certain old man. this will be the end of your life. metropolitan peter fell seriously ill when ivan was on his way from the horde, the prince abandoned the boss, driving his horse galloped to moscow, but did not have time, without waiting for ivan vladyka, before his death , he nevertheless taught him the last lesson all his property. he gave to the poor. having buried and mourned metropolitan peter ivan danilovich clearly understood the need to hurry. he must have time to erect his great mountain, not just to wait for the lord to have mercy on his people, but to be ready for this mercy. in all of vladimir russia for several

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decades, nothing was built, and ivan danilovich began in moscow not just big, but grandiose construction. oak walls and towers of the new kremlin from the usual fortified city center, the kremlin became the residence of the grand duke. where ivan danilovich took all this money for many remained a mystery. the moscow prince found a witty exit for his servants. he now paid not with money, but with lands, which were called estates, did not leave the treasury of the land. they were given temporary holdings. on terms of service. after some time, the system of local land ownership will become the main one in

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the country , and the landlord nobles will become the support of the throne, the military-administrative framework of the russian state take banned trading volumes grew. well , yes, the prince has great opportunities for merchants and asked them a lot. the revenue part of the budget consisted of several items ; the direct land tax from the peasants was fixed, but the trade tax could increase along with the turnover in the same way as the transit tax, which was levied when the merchant convoy crossed the administrative border. prince ivan added a trade duty, the amount of which could be changed by order of the authorities. soon, ivan danilovich achieved a demonopoly on the collection in the ord. yes, not with all russian lands. he knew how important this was and even recorded this privilege in his title. now he was called the prince, the great

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of all russia, he himself collected the entire horde output without any foreign generalists and collectors, and he himself carried it to the khan, without giving the slightest reason for a punitive campaign. the annual tribute of the moscow principality was 128 kg of silver nizhny novgorod of suzdal 150 to the principality of tver and novgorod paid 200 kg each the tribute of vladimir and the surrounding area was half a ton of silver in the middle of the fourteenth century. all north-eastern russia paid the golden horde almost one and a half tons of silver a year; this amount could feed about 100,000 peasants or an army of 10-15 thousand horsemen. the moscow prince collected tribute rigidly not forgetting his profits , he, in agreement with the horde, left arrears bouncers in moscow, sending

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the debtors of his governors to the cities. in rostov, which owed more than others, muscovites staged a rout no worse than the horde. prince ivan gave the ruined rostovites the opportunity to move to the moscow region, vradysh, giving them wide benefits. among other immigrants were the rostov boyar kirill with his wife and their 14-year-old son bartholomew , the future sergius of radonezh, the greatest ascetic and spiritual collector of the russian people. few cities could afford the luxury that moscow could afford to ring bells. the evangelists rang, the small ringing and ringing bells marked the time of day and

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the holidays called for the liturgy, announced the events, when prince ivan danilovich gathered the moscow nobility for a feast, the merry refectory bell rang. as if returned, sung in the epics of the old days, at a plentiful table next to the prince, they slowly drank , his toast. bogatyrs, the boyars, the builders of the muscovite state, the prince was the first among equals, and they all did, the common cause raised the russian land, holding over it the saving dome of the great silence. narrating the times of prince ivan, the chronicler will call him kind in history, he will enter with an unofficial popular nickname. kalita was the name of the alms purse, which van danilovich always carried with him. who asked for help? before dawn he suddenly

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woke up as if someone had shaken his shoulder. the chain of doors rattled and he distinctly heard a voice. all the old man, while eating, he waited for this news for many years. but here they met. bless vladyka silently asked ivan danilovich and vladyka, of course, blessed. in the monastery, everything was ready for the vows of the vynoka. grand duke ivan the kind, nicknamed kalita for his generosity, took monastic vows with the name ananias. a few weeks later

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, on march 31, 1340, the moscow principality expanded fear of the horde in front of its almighty fear, slowly driving you crazy gone into the past. a generation was growing up that did not know the horror of the tatar invasion, and after 40 years, the sons of those who were born in the era of kalita will come to the kulikovo field. after the death of ivan kalita, his eldest son simeon ruled proudly for 13 years, trying to follow in everything. testament of a father of his six sons. four have died. in the first year of life, two more died along with simeon, when the black death came to moscow black death, the world

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pandemic of bubonic plague, which began in the middle of the fourteenth century in central asia and struck the golden horde, the plague, together with the punishments of the genoese merchants, spread to the mediterranean and all of europe through pskov penetrated and into the russian lands , according to approximate calculations , the plague claimed a quarter of the world's population of more than 60 million. in europe alone, 25 million became its victims. after the death of the sons of ivan kalita two of his grandsons remained in moscow, the younger ivashka, 5 years old, and the eldest nine-year-old mitya, he will be a great warrior and a brave ruler who will change the course of russian history in the memory of generations, he will remain like dmitry donskoy reign

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moscow went to young dmitry by inheritance from his father, and the right to a great reign, vladimirskaya, was a golden label. he was supposed to get in the horde. however, khanna urus mohammed decided to give the label to the great reign of moscow, which had held him for more than 30 years, and to its main rival nizhny novgorod, the suzdal principality. alexei's father, metropolitan alexei, was the godson of prince ivan kalita and a faithful companion of his sons. now he was to become an assistant and teacher to the young

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prince dmitry. ruler in a devastated country on the eve of a terrible fire to the ground destroyed the facades of moscow and the wooden kremlin itself, the metropolitan. alexei convinced the young prince to build a new kremlin, this time made of stone. there was no money in the treasury. but aleksey knew how to solve this problem, he gathered all the moscow boyars for advice and suggested that everyone build at their own expense a section of a wall or tower to make their personal contribution to the common cause of protecting moscow, the names of contractors are still preserved in the names of the kremlin buildings of the sobakin and sviblovo towers . timofeevsky gate, the white-stone kremlin became one of the most powerful fortresses in europe at that time; its area was almost equal to the modern one, and the solid foundation is still the thickness of the walls,

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it reached three meters; loopholes with wooden shields were arranged in the walls; , many thousands of people for whom this work has become a means of subsistence. you see how the world is changing rapidly the future of millions of people is under threat your language and your culture want cancel, and tear the homeland to pieces. how to find a foothold and defend what is dear to you? become a force that will restore justice to the support of the country. protect your future and the future of your children. they won't forgive if you stay away.

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a tourist to his underpants. skoe government acceptance, which consistedovy cats will determine the history of russia has not yet been. they were united by a common territory. common faith and common dependence on the golden horde the horde did everything to prevent them from uniting.

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the instrument of discord was the right trade for a great reign. each khan issued his label and the moment came when dmitry of moscow and dmitry of suzdal received it at the same time, a war broke out between moscow and suzdal. and it is not known how it would have ended if he had not intervened at the request of the metropolitan alexy is his old friend hegumen of the trinity monastery. many revered him as a saint, there were legends about miracles in his abode, and for the clairvoyance of wisdom and simple testing , wooden temples on foot with one bird-cherry staff walked many lands and entered the princely chambers. when vladyka alexei hegumen called him, he immediately went to help. he went from radonezh to nizhny

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novgorod through the villages devastated by the plague , dense forests and fields scorched by drought, and persuaded the stubborn princes to reconcile to anyone. previously, it was not possible for anyone, except for the humen, sergius of radonezh, he found the only words that softened hardened hearts. and where the army was gathered yesterday. now they were getting ready for the wedding. with the blessing of father sergius, dmitry moskovsky married the daughter of his former enemy, evdokia, suzdal weddings were played in kolomna, snow-covered quiet, the city was in full swing, everyone was having fun and an unexpected holiday, and only the bride and groom were sitting at the wedding. peru is quieter than water below the grass dmitry was 15 evdokia, 13 is quite

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a normal age for marriages at that time on newlyweds embarrassment did not dare to raise their eyes at each other. thus began their love, which will never end, dmitry and evdokia will never live in love and harmony for 22 years. eight sons and four daughters will be born to them , and only death can separate the prince and princess. after the kolomna wedding, peace and goodwill enveloped the russian lands like fluffy snow. the great silence remained unshakable. it was possible to live in peace without anxiety, and tomorrow. the horde was no longer the same as it had begun there before, the great zamyatnaya

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series of palace coups. hana changed at such a speed that none of them even had time to get to the next ruler. this time the power in the horde was seized by the temnik, that is, the commander of 10,000 corps named mamai, and being a descendant of genghis khan, he could only rule on behalf of the puppet khans of the descendants. the golden horde, which never managed to escape from the consequences of the black death , was no longer a single one; its western part was called the white horde; formally, it was ruled by the descendants of batu, in fact, the temnik. mamai the eastern part of the blue horde was ruled by the descendants of the shiban brother, batu, but the supreme ruler was considered the one who sat in the capital of the golden horde in a barn, while khan emir and the temniks fought

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among themselves for the throne of the barn, the russian princes were left to their own devices. he should be paid, the horde exit was unclear, and after a while moscow stopped paying him. so decided the young prince dmitry, he knew that this was to be followed by a punitive campaign, but time passed, but there was no campaign, dmitry was 24 years old. and let the experience. he scored a little more on the determination he did not occupy. luck itself went into the hands, while the horde flounders in strife, it's time for the russian princes to unite winter, that year came early and it was also a great success for the frozen rivers, all the northern russian princes quickly reached pereyaslavl, where prince dmitry of moscow called them to the christening of his fourth in

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a row a child from his son yuri , sergius of radonezh came to arrange the abode and the most humane cross . christina was just an excuse dmitry gathered the princes in order to join forces and agree on further actions. the silent mycelium of the pereyaslav route to the kulikov field, the first thing to do was to stop the long-standing war of moscow. having laid siege to the city , he forced the prince of tver to conclude a peace treaty on his own terms. and if there are tatars, they pit us and give you our patrimony, then you will never take that. so prince dmitry deprived the horde of its favorite weapon - pitting the princes against each other. and

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he declared the great reign to be his unconditional hereditary possession. the opinion of the horde on this matter was no longer interested in him. the moscow principality turned into moscow state. on 1.374, prince dmitry began minting his own silver coin in moscow for the first time in 350 years. at first it was an imitation of the horde taiga, from which the russian word money appeared, but later coins of the original russian coinage appeared with the image of a warrior with a saber. the so-called saber women later on moscow silver coins will depict a horseman with a spear and they will receive the name kopeck. mom decided to send a punitive

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expedition to russia to pacify the zealous moscow prince, his allies should the rest learned the mongol lesson well, but the russians themselves came out to meet the horde. dmitry moskovsky sent a large army at the turn. to oppose the horde meant to break the great silence established by the labors of his grandfather ivan kalita and the former advisers of the old moscow boyars. dimitri was no longer listening. now he had other boyars, young of his age, who were eager to fight. a large russian army camped on the drunken river, as if she were drunk herself. sy all did not appear. exhausted according to expectations, the russian wars began to amuse themselves

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with hunting and the peramilians cooked mash, in which the russian army carelessly feasted in advance of their victory over the horde. the russians did not even have time to understand what was happening when the tatar marten fell upon them, as if from the underworld. out of panic, people rushed to the river, trying to hide from the tatar arrows and almost no one themselves. after 2 weeks, shoaled from the heat, the drunk became a river of the dead; its bed was clogged with the corpses of people and horses. tatars went further, defeated and burned the remaining without protection, they took nizhny novgorod, ryazan, and

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only in late autumn, weighed down by huge booty, the tatars left for the steppes. inspired by the success, mamai sent another detachment the next year. the moscow horde troops converged in the ryazan land and stood on different banks of the river. they decided to deceive the enemy and attack in the evening, when the army was preparing for the night. at dusk, an avalanche of tatar cavalry quickly, having crossed shallow water, fell on the russian camp and met a furious attack in advance of battle formations and drove on. victory prince dmitry doubted what if the flight of the tatars is a military trick? and the morning after the battle, a thick fog rose from the river and it was possible to attack covertly at any moment.

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russian regiments stood in position for another day ready for a new battle. the great silence has shattered into smithereens. will prince dmitry be able to gather enough strength to resist the horde in all its might? for the rest of russia, his dmitry, the truth was just moscow truth, or rather moscow benefits. how to convey to everyone that this is a battle for all of russia, and how can one believe that this is really so? prince dmitry, in desperation , did not rush to where everyone who was receiving help from moscow, the abbot already knew.

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why did the prince appear, he needed only a few words to dispel doubts and instill indestructible faith in his heart sergey blessed the prince his army for the great battle now this war became holy mamai gathered strength and waited if moscow would come to its senses dmitry was also preparing 16 principalities were to send their own squads in early august russian squads from different cities gathered in kolomna from the scouts, it was known that mamai had concluded an agreement with the lithuanian prince jogaila and oleg of ryazan. they were supposed to join the horde army on the south bank. oki but dmitry did not give his ally time to gather, he moved his troops towards the horde on its territory, where the russians had not yet fought along the way, detachments from

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lithuanian families joined him for the first time, only cities and princes united. each regiment went into battle. not only for their land, but for the whole of russia for a long time the russian army was not so numerous, but the forces of mamai still outnumbered the regiments of prince dmitry on the night of september 7, the russian army crossed the house on pre-built bridges. immediately after the crossing, by order of prince dmitry, the bridges were destroyed. for those who lined up in battle formations on the kulikovo field, there was no way back, they had only one thing to win. according to martial law new series tomorrow after the

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power. well, are you coming back? what a business trip, and where would i dream of being in the place of one of the actors and also flying to try everything, how many moments? normally, let's go, as the girls are going very well. weightlessness lacks such pictures and such pictures right now there should be a lot of need touch this wonder. the sandpiper field, 3 km long and 800-900 m wide, chosen by the prince for the battle, was limited on the flanks by forests and ravines, which deprived the enemy of the possibility of a detour maneuver and forced the regiments of the right and

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left hands to a protracted and heavy attack in the forehead, had to hold the flanks and prevent environment. in the oak. udon was sheltered by an ambush reserve regiment, which would enter the battle at a critical moment in the center was a large regiment, and in front of it the prince put a barrier of experienced soldiers in front of the advanced regiment, which was supposed to take the first most terrible blow of the mongol cavalry. on september 8, 1380, on the banks of the don and in a thick fog, the future of russia was barely distinguishable among the soldiers, among the soldiers were ivan godun, the progenitor of boris godunov and fedor koshka, from whom the romanovs will go, fedor kutuz, the ancestor of the conqueror napoleon and grigory markhinin, nicknamed the cannon, stood right there pushkin, prince dmitry called his favorite

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mikhail brink of similar height to him and ordered the warriors to change for haste, that the prince was fighting in their ranks dimitri had no intention of leaving for a safe place. he rode to the front line and the boyars failed to stop him. the fog dissipated. the advanced regiment fell almost completely, but the proud mother failed to overturn the large floor and transferred

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the main blow to the floor to the left hand, when the horde cavalry was already ready to throw off the indirect russians. god hit her ambush regiment. the orders themselves were in the river. their ranks mingled and the regiment of the right hand came to the rescue from above. the russians drove the tatars 50 miles away, mom himself barely left the chase with the remnants of his army. in

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the mountains of corpses, many boyars, governors and mikhail brenka were found in chopped gilded armor. they searched for prince dmitry longer than others ; he lay in the forest, he must be alive. having regained consciousness after learning about the victory, he found the strength to sit in the saddle from now on forever, prince dmitry will be called. the winner of the battle for the throne of the golden horde, khantakh villages the ambassadors in moscow were received with honors and provided with rich gifts,

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but the prince did not appear for the label and was not going to renew the payment of tribute. so something mouse it took 2 years to prepare a big campaign against moscow. he made sure that moscow learned about his campaign. as late as possible and blocked the main channel of information , he ordered to kill all russian merchants on the volga . dmitry sent messengers to all the allies, and he himself went to kostroma to gather forces. he calculated all the possible scenarios for the development of events, but somehow the mouse chose an option that no one could calculate. he began negotiations and swore to the muscovites that he only wanted to inspect the city and accept the gifts two russian princes, assistants of takhtamysh, confirmed his

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words. moscow opened the gates. the tatars burst into the city and a terrible massacre began ; overcoming a sharp pain in his chest, prince dmitry drove into his city. moscow was gone. sooty walls ashes city thousands of books were burned in large temples, which were taken there from all over the city and environs for saving and placed

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in stacks of heights. here it is echo of his great victory what an abyss he drove moscow and now how can he beg for forgiveness of those who died exactly a year ago on the kulikovo field. who is now burned in the devastated city? the prince from his personal funds paid for the funeral of all the dead. they turned out to be half of the moscow population in all the surviving churches ordered for the dead services. everything had to start over. and above all go for the label on bow to the hated. it was obvious that

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dmitry would not return alive from the treacherous tokhtamysh. at the head of the embassy , his son vasily tokhtamysh went to the horde ; moscow was supposed to leave the horde annually. 4,000 coins plus 8,000 arrears for 2 years , prince dmitry took advantage of the fact that on the eve of the novgorod pirates ushniks robbed the volga cities and requested compensation from the novgorodians in the amount of 8,000 novgorod silver coins. to pay abandoned a month later , a huge army of prince dmitry donskoy , assembled from 29 cities, entered the land. in the end. novgorod paid everything that was required and prince dmitry ivanovich was able to close his debt to the horde. the spring of 1.389 for the first time in a long

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time was filled with joyful expectations , the seventeen-year-old princely syria was returning to moscow, and princess evdokia was in dreams. kremlin chambers began to prepare for the long-awaited christening. but suddenly the prince fell ill, he was tormented by terrible pains behind the sternum , and no efforts could any longer appease them. he wrote a will to the children and the princess , having taken care of his wife in advance, in the way that none of the russian princes had done before. prince dmitry ivanovich managed to see the newborn son konstantin, but the eldest vasily, who was already on his way to moscow, did not wait. on may 19, 1389, dmitry donskoy died of acute

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heart failure, he was 38 years old, the chronicler carefully preserved the words of the young, widow, addressed to his beloved. if god hears your prayer i want to pray who am i now? princess evdokia in monasticism euphrosyne for the rest of her life 18 years will shine in the memory of her husband, she will strictly observe, the execution of the will of dmitry ivanovich will become a kind and wise arbiter in disputes between his heirs, will build new monasteries and churches.

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through her efforts, on september 8, kulikovo victory day will become a special holiday, first in moscow and then throughout russia, prince dmitry donskoy , already famous in our time in the face of saints , has forever remained in people's memory as a great hero equal to the ancient heroes. with a powerful blow, he split the shield of the horde, which crushed russia with a heavy burden, depending on fear and solutions moscow yaroslavl rostov polotsk smolensk warriors who died for a common cause returned russians there was no fear. there was a victory to stare at this grandiose

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construction site, all of moscow was going to be even, hewn stone blocks went to the very heavens, it was breathtaking from the greatness of what was happening right before our eyes. but the miracle did not happen on a summer night, almost completed, the cathedral suddenly collapsed. the grand duke was the first at the crash site. in ruins like bones in a torn graveyard he

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had to start all over again. rebuild the country the year 1440, for 15 years already, the exhausting dynastic war has been going on, prince vasily ii, the grandson of dmitry donskoy, has been fighting for power. meanwhile, the huge great permian principality is already going to become a separate power . stripes of the principality, exhausted by tatar raids , are leaning towards the horde; on the moscow throne of a man who would be able to keep the country from disintegration. that year in the winter in a small monastery near novgorod, the blessed monk michael uttered the troubles for christ's sake

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the prophecy m will be on january 22, the grand duke vasily was born, the son, who will be called john, contemporaries will call him terrible . but over time, this nickname will pass into his grandson, and he will go down in history with the name veliky ivan was only 5 years old when his father suffered another defeat fell into tatar captivity. he soon returned, promising the khan a huge ransom for moscow opposed the prince , who had dishonored himself with a plin. vasily was deposed from the throne, blinded and thrown into prison in the far, uglich now he was called

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vasily dark. thrust something and the imprisonment shared with the prince. his family, six-year-old ivan, was seen as a blind, helpless father. he managed to get out of the abyss of despair, as he gathered allies and in spite of everything he regained the throne of moscow, but vasily the dark needed an assistant to the eight-year-old prince ivan was declared with the ruler of his father and the grand duke. he didn't have a childhood. he had to always be near his father to be his right hand assistant and guide. at the age of 12 , he led the army for the first time and returned with a victory from a long campaign at the age of 22 after death of his father became a sovereign ruler. he ascended the throne calmly, casually concluded a union treaty with the principality of tver, bought from the impoverished prince of yaroslavl the rights to his

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lands on the ryazan throne, planted his relative and entered into an alliance with the crimean khan. at the age of 27, ivan realized that the title of grand duke of moscow would have helped him to raise his status a little too closely . young princess. maria borisovna died immediately after the funeral, throughout europe there were the people of the grand duke were sent out, who were supposed to find him a noble bride. and now an embassy arrived in moscow from the pope of rome with a letter in which it was reported in rome to thomas from the kingdom of constantinograd, a daughter named twenty-year-old sophia fominishna belonged to

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the byzantine dynasty of paleologists and was the granddaughter of one emperor and the niece of another, but the greatness and power of byzantium were already in the past its emperor died when the turks took constantinople and sophia and her family had to flee to rome where noble refugees accepted at the court of pope paul ii, the papal throne took them under his wing sophia and her two younger brothers were forced to convert to catholicism ivan the third guessed. why is the pope taking such an active part in his family affairs? princess sophia was supposed to become a conductor of catholic influence in russia, while the greeks led their own party. i hope that the moscow prince, having become the heir to the byzantine throne, will start a war with the turks and return the thrones to them according to his own

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rules, he calculated everything to the smallest detail and would be able to expect. he sent his ambassador to rome to look at the bride time they even ordered a portrait of sophia to one of those artists who would paint the sistine chapel a few years later the portrait was brought to moscow but there was no answer ivan took a long pause and only three years later, he gave , finally, his consent to marriage. moscow seemed to sophia a huge village above a sea of wooden houses , a time-worn fortress towered over the walls, patched with logs, and from above, a low, leaden sky, pouring prickly crumbs. after marble palaces and bright colors of italy here, probably, it only remains to die of

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longing. on the main square of the capital, instead of the cathedral and met a small wooden chapel, there was an unfinished stone box, sprinkled with snow. sophia had not yet had time to recover, as she was taken to the temple, the greek princess was to return to the bosom of orthodoxy and immediately marry the grand duke. in the cramped, stuffy chapel, she was suddenly seized by a serenity long forgotten among the cold marble of roman basilicas. here, as in childhood, the smell of incense and wax flickered in the semi-darkness of the faces, saints and priests in golden cuts, as if converged from the pages of greek books. she seemed to have returned home.

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the huge, shaggy, loud-voiced grand duke john, who was standing next to the lectern, literally filled the whole space with him, not letting the incomprehensible russian language breathe in his mouth , he looked like a bear growl. eat it. in the middle of the night buzzed over fire ivan rushed to sofia street only and managed to see how he was on the move, giving orders, galloping, right to where the pillars beat into the black sky, as it is possible, why would the sovereign himself climb into the fire above the kremlin, the bloody glow of the grand duke stood , as the mad one rushed around the city, his

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angry voice blocked the screams and crackling of the flame, bringing people out of panic and people followed him into battle with fire. freezes in horror. sophia saw how he rushed, right into the thick of the fire with a hook pulling away burning logs. the grand duke fiercely fought for his city for his home for their people. he was the master of his country here. before, sophia could not stand this strange habit of the russian prince during a conversation to come too close. but now something itself pushed her towards him, dirty, burnt and deadly tired. sophia realized that he would achieve

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any of his goals. he can do everything. and he is her husband. the kremlin managed to defend and the assumption cathedral under construction was not damaged in the fire. it was a grandiose construction that had been going on for several years instead of the old small and dilapidated temple, which was built 150 years ago ivan kalita was conceived to build a huge cathedral on the model of vladimir, but almost twice as large. such large buildings in russia had not been built for a very long time, the metropolitan gave his masters experienced architects who built many stone churches and assured the prince that they could handle it, but when the masters were already laying out the vaults, the cathedral suddenly collapsed. it happened at night and there was only a curious

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boy, the son of prince fyodor petrov, he managed to run across from the falling northern wall to the surviving southern wall miraculously escaped from pskov masons examined the ruins and concluded that the mortar does not hold such volumes, however , the relics of the white-stone temples did not undertake to build the cathedral themselves. vladimir remained in the past on the other side of the mongol invasion, but far away in italy, architects with fabulous ease lifted the heavy vaults of palaces and temples to heaven. why not do this, and in moscow the metropolitan was opposed as much as possible to the construction of the main cathedral of an orthodox state by latin heretics. this time, prince ivan did not listen to vladyka and went to italy

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his ambassador semyon tolbuzin with an order to hire the best architect. they start moving. come on, we'll cover for a reason called the orchestra. the guys work with all types of weapons here have their own aircraft. what a real army band that plays the harsh music of war, just like handsome guys , the idea is, we now have one thing to protect the inhabitants of donbass and luhansk and dynify ukraine by helicopter, 24 we go on a combat mission voluntarily, so there is no point in being afraid. i saw people who cried with happiness when they came and got them.

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that are constantly changing and changing habitually. what is this new logo? mts yes, but that one, but that one is not the same, unpack the cottage with yandex.marketal for 49 rubles. buy ikea goods on yandex market none of the italian architects agreed to go to the ends of the world, to wild and incomprehensible moscow and yet, after a long search and persuasion, a true treasure. his for the sake of aristotle's name, he wrote the prince of tolbuzia and a good architect.

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tolbuzin was happy, aristotle took his son andrey yes, the boy was called parsley, and went to russia. fifty -four-year-old aristotle fiara in anti, like a real renaissance man , knew everything ; however , there is not a single building designed by fiorovati in italy; he only straightened venice, the rickety bell tower of the church. san angela which collapsed four days later and aristotle. i had to hastily leave the city later than the times, was arrested on charges of minting counterfeit coins, he managed to justify himself, but

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he was released from the post of bologna architect at that moment on him, as if an offer from the moscow prince had fallen from the sky. on the way to moscow , aristotle regretted more than once that he had gone for it. well, suddenly, on the way to the russian capital , the spring air exploded with the triumphant ringing of all the bells. so solemn hello in fact, it was the easter blagovest moscow auto morning celebrated the bright christ sunday. after examining the ruins in the kremlin , feuervante went to study the prototype of the future temple. the vladimir assumption cathedral

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, running his hand along the smooth wall, the italian confidently declared that we were building. he already understood that here he needed to do the impossible against the will of the customer. restore and complete the cathedral. aristotle demolished the remains of the old walls that had been erected for 3 years before him and began from scratch to create a masterpiece of his life. he received all the necessary huge funds , any materials, many workers, but as luck would have it, it rained all summer long. aristotle was left alone with his russian masterpiece under the russian rain. and when autumn came, the construction was completely frozen by the italian engineer. new work grand duke ivan began the great novgorod game. for a very long time

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, first vladimir and then moscow princes tried to conquer the rich novgorod republic but to no avail, independent novgorod was the last obstacle to the unification of the lands and the creation of a single russian state. in addition, it had a huge economic potential, which was so necessary in moscow in its struggle with the horde lord veliky novgorod was able to avoid the mongol dawn his vast possessions stretched from the baltic sea to the urals and from the white sea to the volga the boyar republic is a varnish and a piece for the two neighbors of the giants of the two great principalities of moscow and lithuania for centuries , novgorod skillfully maneuvered unambiguously.

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making it clear to moscow that at any moment it could come under the protection of lithuania it was this that ivan iii decided to take advantage of the negotiations between the novgorod nobility and the catholic prince of lithuania were declared a betrayal of orthodoxy and now the moscow prince, as the defender of the truth of the faith, was simply obliged to free novgorod from the clutches of heretics. in strict accordance with this idea , the novgorod operation was played out. the grand duke camped three versts from the city , muscovites, under the leadership of aristotle fiorovati, began to build a panton bridge through the volkhov and found himself under the guns of the moscow guns. in advance all the same to feud. the cunning italian provided moscow with strategic weapons; novgorod

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had nothing to oppose to this catch me. after two weeks of siege, novgorod surrendered. he recognized the grand duke to his sovereigns. which meant the complete liquidation of the republic and its administrative and political system, dozens of novgorod boyars, the owners of very large ones , ended up in prison on charges of ties with lithuania, confirmed their betrayal of russia and orthodoxy and were executed. thousands of citizens families prince ivan moved to moscow lands novgorod lands were transferred to the sovereign in the specified ivan iii divided them into estates and distributed them to his faithful servants. the estate is a plot of state land, which was given to sovereigns in personal possession on the terms of military service , the size of the estate was determined in such a way

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that the owner could feed himself and fully equip himself for the campaign on the income from it. unlike the owners. estates of hereditary plots of land, the landowners were completely dependent on the will of the sovereign, the estate system will become a powerful tool strengthening the vertical of power and for centuries. determine the economic and political development of russia the grand duke returned to moscow as a winner. feromonti arrived much earlier to prepare the next triumph of the grand duke august 12, 1479, all of moscow rushed to the kremlin where the new assumption cathedral will be illuminated, no one has seen it yet, only the construction scaffolding. it landed over the city with a roar , the floorboards collapsed and as soon as the dust settled, the crowd gasped, no one

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had ever seen anything like it. perhaps that church was written down, the chronicler miraculously wilmy, majesty and height, lordship and ringing and space. the same has never happened before in russia. the assumption cathedral of the moscow kremlin was built in a mixed technique of walls and hewn blocks of white stone; vaults and drums of domes made of especially durable brick, which greatly facilitated the load of the upper parts of the building on the walls and supports; the building itself was erected all in a circle. yes, to the rules, that is, with the help of a compass or ruler, based on accurate calculations, the use of new technical means and engineering solutions made it possible to increase the internal volume of the temple. thin round pillars did not clutter up and did not divide the space, creating the impression of a huge

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palace hall. aristotle violete, who attributed the construction of venice to himself by an engineer or jeweler by anyone, but not by an architect, the very first in the distant northern country created a real masterpiece. on the third, the assumption cathedral became a kind of manifesto, embodying the idea of the future by the states of their grandiose plans. in the middle of summer, bad news came to moscow . khan of the great horde ahmad, with countless troops , set out on a campaign against russia to exact moscow prince arrears for 8 years.

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akhmat walked slowly, he waited for his ally casimir the grand duke, the lithuanian king, to help him, it became known in september that the horde had crossed the aku south of kaluga on lithuanian territory, the eldest son of the prince, 22-year-old ivan the young, hastily set off for the russian lithuanian border and managed. where before the tatars, moscow guns took aim at all the brody of the border river, the corners, leaving the troops returned to moscow. russia was in the ring of enemies and there was no way out of this loop. for the first time in his life, the grand duke did not know what the boyars were to do, the advisers said, run , sovereign and your father ran, and grandfather and even great-grandfather dmitry donskoy himself. well, having barely arrived at moscow, the sovereign of the light of the support fell into the tight grip of the enraged crowd,

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if the tatars break through the elephant on the ugra, moscow will end. rising instead of standing to the death, he threw the troops and fled, people shouted ivan in the face, reproaches insults and he had nothing to answer them with great difficulty made his way to the kremlin, there he was also waiting for vladykovo rostov, a session with labor, restrained the little prince. you are a child on a runner , all christian blood will fall on you, that you, having betrayed them as tatars, run away yourself. you are afraid of death, then, give me the old man warriors. i will go to the tatars. but the mother was silent and ivan had nothing to say with the heavy look of the prince with molten lead. he needed to think it over and weigh everything. urgently

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return to moscow, but young ivan categorically refused to leave his army. youthful heroism did not fit into the grand duke's scheme in any way; he had to recalculate everything anew and act differently. and right here an old preparation came in handy. the crimean khan, with whom ivan the third signed an agreement many years ago, agreed to send his generals on a campaign to the land of king casimir and thus took him out of the game. now the war between moscow and the horde went one on one fire from cannons and squeaked and inflicted heavy damage on the horde, when they tried to force the river separating the troops, akhmat took a break, and then ivan iii made his move, he sent his

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ambassadors to the khan for negotiations. akhmat arrogantly demanded that ivan himself go to bow to him, as the russian princes used to do. in moscow ambassadors wove wadding and evasive speeches, and soon khan began to guess that the grand duke was simply playing for time. winter, close passed through the ambassador, the rivers will become, there will be many roads in russia. meanwhile, moscow intelligence was informing the tatars. while akhmat was sitting on the ugra, the russian detachment, on the orders of ivan iii, managed to pass on the boats down the volga and well rob the defenseless barn of the capital of the great horde on october 26 , the first frosts hit. the threat froze the last obstacle in the way of the horde disappeared on november 9

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, khan akhmat raised the horde instead of cross over the game turned around and went back to the degree. no one could understand why he played his part in running to the barn or whether ahmad realized that his skinned frostbitten warriors were about to rebel. for another month and a half, ivan was waiting for the trick of the trap of a deceptive maneuver. norda never returned. the mongol-tatar yoke, which lasted more than 240 years, never ended by standing on the ugra river, the great volga horde ceased to exist in 1502. the kazan astrakhan khanate will be annexed to russia under ivan the terrible son fedor. ioannovich.

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the crimean khanate will last the longest since 1475, which was in vassal dependence on the turkish sultan for three centuries, the crimean tatars will host in the wild field south of kursk, raid and take tribute from the russian tsars, crimea will become part of the russian empire only in 1783 under catherine ii begins the reign of male chivalry fair well, a solid time is waiting for everyone who wants to see you in the russian state of tsars. the count is devoted to you, he lost your head you will be queen. our aleksey

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of the independent russian state. 5 years after the ugra, the grand duke began a grandiose construction in his capital, it was necessary to rebuild the entire kremlin, towers, walls, temples and palaces, and according to ivan iii , only italians, the best architects of europe, could do this. the master plan of the fortifications of the kremlin, but the architecton was already old and exhausted in the moscow service. now new masters of the architect anthony gilardi in moscow were required. the grand duke remembered anton fryazino as a boy 16 years ago. he arrived as part of the roman embassy. yes , and got accustomed from milan for a lot of money

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, the master of the ward, mark ruffo , also promised to come the famous architect pietrontonio salari when the duke of milan finished working. the grand duke set a puzzle such that its fortress the army cannot be taken, and it is impossible to take your eyes off her, and so that everyone who sees her, well , blood clots could smell how powerful, indestructible and sacred , the power under his great state. the kremlin fortress was built according to the latest european fortification in order to withstand heavy siege artillery, the total length of the walls is 2.235 m. the thickness is up to 4.5 m. the height in different areas is from 5 to 19 m. the walls are equipped with

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hospitals and intra-wall passages. means of protection, diversion archers, secret wells, acoustic cameras, to detect a tunnel, the kremlin area of 28 hectares outside its walls could find protection for the entire population of the city. the kremlin fortress for a long time was one of the most powerful in europe and was never taken by a navigator, becoming in the 15th century, the political and sacred center of the country, its symbol. the moscow kremlin remains so to this day. for 10 years, the kremlin became a huge construction site , and old structures were dismantled in their place. new ones were erected right there, and this was his consolation, his passion to observe how from chaos fragments of stone dust creaking and roaring , a dream is born for the time being hidden by planks.

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isn't that how he built his country according to exact calculations carefully, and that's it. it is almost invisible to outsiders. in the sixth year of the great construction, pietro antonia solari proudly showed the prince the main front part of the princely palace, a snow-white crowned chamber, inside the vaulted hall of russian towers, on the outside, faceted stones of some kind of italian chambers. just as if from under the scaffolding , unexpectedly for the whole of europe, instead of a deaf the northern country is half a wild half-destitute dependent on the tatars. suddenly, a power arose that even the holy roman empire now had to reckon with, not muscovite russia and not muscovy, as the jealous lithuanians scornfully called it. but russia in diplomatic correspondence with neighbors, ivan iii was called

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autocrats. so the word autocrator, the title of the byzantine emperors, was translated into russian; the patriarchal life of the moscow princes was replaced by a complex ceremonial developed according to the byzantine model with the help of sins. ambassador of the emperors frederick third habsburg solemnly handed over to the russian prince the proposal to accept the royal title, but ivan vasilievich refused such a high honor. now he was simply called. and he is the sovereign of all russia and the grand duke of vladimir and moscow and novgorod and pskov and tver and perm and yugra and bulgarian and other lands. in terms of its territory, russia was almost not inferior to the holy roman empire, therefore, as

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a sign of equality with the emperor of the west, the russian sovereign ordered that a double-headed eagle be placed on his seal. it was a family emblem. the byzantine dynasty of polyalogues, to which his wife sophia belonged by birthright, and ivan himself by the right of matrimony. this is how the official symbol of the russian kingdom appeared, which will become the state emblem of the russian empire, will be canceled after the revolution and revived again by modern russia . the russian state needed a unified system of command and control of the army. now they made up the sovereign, the service people of the voivode were appointed by the grand duke, the current affairs of the army of the treasury, the palace, and embassies were handled by officials of the clerks and clerks important state affairs. ivan the third decided , together with the boyar duma, trusted boyars. he

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appointed in novye zemlya locals who were administrators, governors and judges all rolled into one. in order to eliminate contradictions in local legal norms, and the third ordered you to collect all existing laws and regulations and develop a single code for the whole country in september 1.497, after several discussions of the approval of the boyar duma and the personal revision of ivan iii, a new code of laws called the code of laws was approved sovereign and adopted for mandatory use throughout the country. sudebnik regulated the judicial system , lynching was prohibited, the plaintiff and the defendant defended their interests with the involvement of witnesses taking the oath. godmother kissing. the judge acted as an arbitrator and

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made a decision in difficult cases , a duel between the plaintiff and the defendant was allowed in the presence of officials using any weapon other than a bow, and the squeaked sentence was determined by the outcome. duel, women, old people with disabilities could hire a professional fighter, then another the party resorted to the services of a professional in case of serious crimes armed robbery, murder, as well as high treason during interrogations, it was allowed to use torture. the code of laws of ivan the third says to no one, and whoever comes to the boyar with a complaint should not send those who complain, but give everyone justice in everything to whom it belongs. the main principles of the court proclaimed its incorruptibility and accessibility to all categories of the population, including dependents, the grand duke himself

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remained above the laws and all subjects, including the most noble boyars. were obliged ivan iii took unquestioning obedience to him from the imperial byzantium understanding of the supreme power of unconditional autocratic not limited by anything. but there was a time, sir, when the fire itself went on campaigns and extinguished, stretching, listening to the burning heads, the complaints of the novgorodians, to the point of stupefaction, aristotle could not understand then.

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why, and then i understood and was proud for some venetian , it was also unthinkable to climb the scaffolding like that, sit easily with the architect dangling his legs and talking heart to heart. now the prince is nowhere don't get in. these pity from his steps rattles, silver utensils, and the servants press against the walls and talk. he is now somewhat afraid of him. all aristotle, in his old age, also chickened out and was about to go home to bologna. where was he put under lock and key? like a dog, knowing his own worth architecton? it can be seen that fate will reconcile you here, but the prince will not be remembered. the austrian diplomat baron sigismob herberstein wrote to the sovereigns for the third time for the poor and oppressed

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, access to it was terminated. during dinner , he indulged in intoxication to such an extent. fear and silence. he had never been in a battle and always won. great stefan of moldavia said that while he fought daily, he was barely able to defend his borders. ivan is at home. as a result of the undeclared war with the grand duchy of lithuania, which ended with moscow's large campaigns to the west , the border lands and vyazma were ceded to russia, the next war. it was already carried out by more significant forces of the vsk of ivan iii inflicted a crushing defeat on the troops of the grand duke of lithuania and, as a result, a third of the territory went to russia

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lithuania with cities. chernigov novgorod seversky gomel bryansk dorogobuzh and others. his unyielding will fastened the boundless lands of russia with iron hoops, but there was no order in his own family. relations between his son ivan young and sophia did not work out yes, and for what the princess had to love her papa. this boy forever blocked the road to power for her son vasily then domeologists. at one time she had hope, maybe the heir will perish in the battle with the tatars and make room. but it did not work out , ivan the young returned with a victory, married the moldavian princess elena voloshanka and she gave birth to his son dmitry, the grand duke ivan

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vasilievich favored the young and , like an old man, was touched by his first grandson , black-eyed and smiling mityusha, sophia could hardly hide her irritation, but the offspring of the house of paleologists knew how to keep their faces from early childhood. one day, an italian doctor noticed that young prince ivan was suffering from pain in his legs and offered his services. in the course of treatment, the patient's condition deteriorated sharply and he soon died. the doctor was executed, the investigation was not, despite persistent rumors that the doctor was sent by the princess. ivan vasilyevich lost his grip on old age. the moscow nobility , in anticipation of his imminent death, was already divided into two parties, one for the old princess.

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sophia son vasily others for the young widow elena with her son dmitry however, ivan iii was not going to die, he made his choice in favor of dmitry's grandson and then princess sophia went to both banks, the boyar conspiracy, the purpose of which was to enthrone her son vasily, was forced to all of its members were arrested. vasily was under house arrest owls, his boyfriend. as a result, it turned out that through dashing women she allegedly obtained poison and was going to poison dmitry, and maybe the sovereign himself. a man's life is a way out for which team to root for? what profession to choose? what kind of people to be friends with whom to connect with? for a lifetime, every decision affects your fate and the fate of your loved ones,

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the internet, as well as unlimited mobile music music on february 4, 1498, the first in russian history wedding ceremony for the kingdom, designed according to the byzantine model, took place in the assumption cathedral, the metropolitan laid the monomakh's cap on the head of 14-year-old dmitry ivanovich ivan iii solemnly handed over to his grandson family great but a year later ivan iii suddenly reconsidered his choice. he forgave his son vasily and not only gave him a

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humiliation, pskov with novgorod, but also called him the sovereign of the grand duke. now in the country there were three great princes at once, father, son and grandson. and this is a direct path to confusion. the ruler must be alone. and whom would ivan not choose the son of vaska, who diligently grows the first beard and the grandson of the big-eyed rebel of the other, is he doomed to death? ivan vasilyevich thought for three years, and then, as he wrote down to the author from the turkic chronicle, he put his son vasily ivanovich on the great reign, and planted his grandson, prince dmitry ivanovich, in a stone and put iron on him. in the spring of 1503

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, grand duchess sophia died; she lived with ivan iii bore him five sons and seven daughters for more than 30 years, and yet she ensured that the russian throne remained with her son, a descendant of the paleologists. renewed prince ivan vasilievich went with his sons to the bogomorye. to the trinity monastery, and on his return to moscow, he suffered a stroke and partial paralysis, took away his arm, leg and eye. in this state, he ruled the state and waged wars for another year and a half. ivan vasilievich was dying

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. outside the windows floated the bell ringing. damp basement of the kremlin prison. before his death, the grand duke called on his grandson dmitry and told him dear grandson. i have sinned against god and you by putting you in prison. i beg you, let go of my resentment. be free and enjoy your rights. touched by this speech, dmitry willingly forgave his grandfather for his guilt, but when he left, he was seized from him on the orders of his uncle vasily and thrown into prison. some believe that he died of hunger and cold, others that he suffocated from smoke. ivan vasilyevich did not know about this.

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just before his death, the metropolitan soborol him and wanted to prepare, according to the ancient custom, for the adoption of monastic vows, but the prince refused. why try to deceive the leading lord who will judge his servant john and shorn hair and black clothes, but according to perfect deeds? the king is not terrible for good deeds, but for evil

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you want not to be afraid of power. power gives him the power to exalt the right and overthrow the guilty in order to build the kingdom of heaven on earth year 1.525 the rurik dynasty rules the country for the sixth century , no one knows such a long chain of transfer of power by right of blood one european country. the throne of vasily iii

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, the son of ivan the great, the ruler of a huge independent state, it was at this moment that the fate of the moscow branch of the rurikovich was threatened. vasily iii had no children after 20 years of fruitless marriage. he divorced his first wife, solomonia saburova, and married the sixteen-year-old princess elena glinskaya, who finally gave birth to a long-awaited son. the great sovereign in robes embroidered with gold sat on a high throne, his legs dangling around the magnificently dressed boyars crowded the grand duke, ivan vasilyevich of moscow of all russia, six years old, received the lithuanian ambassadors , repeated prompted short phrases, the ambassadors came up to kiss the little hand, and then the sovereign was taken away, explaining to the distinguished guests that

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it would be languid for him to be young in peru. while the grand duke was spending time with mothers and nannies, the boyars ruled the state. ivan vasilyevich inherited the throne in 3 years after the sudden death of his father, a special regency council was created from several of the closest boyars , headed by his mother and up to coming of age, the grand duke was to be an obedient doll in their hands. the russian nobility considered themselves the collective master of the country; the aristocrats had extensive estates, hereditary land holdings, from which they received huge incomes and each of them could gather and arm their own troops. the highest nobles received chinboyar. they were supposed to serve in the army of the grand duke to manage cities and state institutions. the boyar title

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gave the right to attend meetings of the boyar duma in the state council under grand duke. the baby ivan and his mother , the comfortable grand duchess elena glinskaya , turned out to be an ideal screen for the boyar rule around the throne, the struggle for power of the three aristocratic clans of the princes, the belsky glinsky and shuisky, began to boil. in 1538 , princess elena died suddenly, possibly poisoned over the top turned out to be the princes' bumps. ivan and his younger brother yuri found themselves in the grip of greedy nobles, who felt like full masters of both the palace and the treasury, and from the life of the grand duke himself, fears and humiliation of his bitter childhood. ivan remembered for the rest

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of his life. we used to play children's games to hug shuisky sitting on a bench. leaning on his elbow, and our father's bed and putting his foot on the table with pineapples, he will look, how many times have they not given me food on time? no one was involved in the upbringing and education of the grand duke with his desires and feelings were not considered, then ivan was 13 years old in his presence, right at the meeting of the boyar duma, his favorite, prince fyodor vorontsov, was arrested because the sovereign favors and protects him. our boyar dishonored, they tore off his clothes and wanted to kill him, when we sent metropolitan macarius to tell them not to kill the metropolitan, they pushed and tore his mantle. and you could not stand it together with the neighboring

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boyars. he left moscow near mozhaisk, the grand princely train was met by a huge crowd of people who wanted to complain to the sovereign about the arbitrariness of the boyars of officials who no longer knew any restraint for the sovereign for the first time to meet face to face with his people. with difficulty overcame himself, he got out of the army. hundreds of people at once the hemmed ones fell on their knees before him and then he understood. who is he? in late autumn

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, the grand duke returned to moscow, waiting for the end of the nativity fast, he ordered the kings to seize prince andrei shuisky and drag him to prison. look, while the boyar was being dragged. to the gate, accidentally or deliberately strangled him. and then it became clear to everyone the grand duke. now the crowd of the king of palaces caught his every word, indulged in entertainment in the company of peers from the golden youth, i don’t know. young athanasius buturlin for impudence, he ordered to cut his tongue, and fifteen-year-old mikhail trubetskoy, having failed to please the grand duke, was immediately executed by the close boyars and the tutor of the grand duke, the metropolitan. macarius tried to reason with him, but in vain. and

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then macarius used a means of unprecedented power. he invited the grand duke to take the title of tsar. the legend about the princes of vladimir traced the origin of the rurikovichi to the first roman emperor guy. julius caesar octavian august, from whom the title of tsar or caesar comes from, the russian tsar, was considered the official successor of the byzantine emperor and equal in status ruler of the holy roman empire. the byzantine idea of crowning kingdoms had a pronounced sacred character. the tsar became the first servant of god on earth and, together with the highest authority, assumed the burden of responsibility before god for his

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state and his subjects . first among equals, but the only one. the ruler of which, by the will of god , is placed high above the whole society, including the most noble battles of the autocrat. whose will is now? according to the ancient byzantine custom , the bride was reviewed slowly and importantly, ivan walked along the endless line of stately lush golden-haired beauties, stumbled upon a fragile girl of short stature, a fluffy dark braid and eyes. like cherries. ivan did not go further. the tsar's bride was 15-year-old anastasia zakharyina. yuriev's wedding was played on

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february 3. tsar ivan, according to all laws and traditions, was. now an adult independent sovereign ruler, anointed. no one else orders him. hope relatives and the metropolitan went to dust ivan hit in all serious forest than before, and while the sovereign indulged in fun , still noble grandees ruled. the king swaggered until it flared up. a simple unextinguished candle gave rise to the great fire, the tsar rushed to the village of vorobyovo, where his family and neighbor boyars fled, what to do next, he did not know , a part of the kremlin was burning behind the jauzie zamoskvorechye, a third of moscow burned out, thousands of people died for

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the medieval city - these are monstrous losses. someone started a rumor that they were to blame to all the relatives of the tsar, the boyars, the glinskys, who were engaged in black witchcraft, a rebellion broke out, for three days, the city was in power, hundreds of people rebelled on the fourth day , armed, as the vorobyovs came to the war to the tsar, but did not complain and did not ask, they did not demand to immediately extradite the glinskys for reprisals. behind the walls of the tower it was noisy, the human sea already seemed to ivan to be the crackling buzz of a flame devouring a thin partition between it and the furious lava of the crowd , to fear the governor of the lord god. blacks are funny, you just have to go out on the high porch, and all will fall on their faces before him. the king stepped over the threshold.

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the revolution struck the hot breath of the monster, hundreds of heads spewed abuse, loved the eyes, countless teeth of spears and axes in the form of fear in my soul and trembling in my bones the tsar sent to the trinity monastery a huge contribution of 7,000 rubles. for this money. it would be possible to rebuild the floor of moscow, the tsar wanted to buy from god's wrath , the sacrifice did not help, the tsar was pursued by failures ivan was in despair and then a close friend of the tsar alexei dashev brought his old acquaintances of the priest of the annunciation cathedral.

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nobody had ever spoken to him like that before. sylvester laid the blame for what was happening on ivan himself , he is god's anointed and mired in sins in rampage and idleness, his connivance multiplied in the state of lawlessness. he is on whom the fate of the people depends, evades government work and thus drags his country into the abyss. but the lord will forgive those who sincerely repent and embark on the path of salvation. sylvester told the king about some evil miracles and visions revealed to him for the sake of ivan vasilyevich's instructions, the young monarch submitted to the will of the mentor. since that time , tsar ivan has changed beyond recognition, all previous fun and feasts were resolutely rejected. sylvester became his spiritual father and closest adviser. he spoke to him about

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the highest position of the ruler and about the enormous responsibility before god, convinced him of the need for serious changes in the country. the tsar eagerly read the works of the church fathers , political treatises, annals, reporting the provisions in the state. it was then that he acquired those deep knowledge of theology and ancient history, thanks to which the chronicler will receive the honorary nickname of verbal wisdomtor. next to him were always advisers and friends, people of high book culture, the priest sylvester metropolitan. macarius alexei adashev, together with them, the young tsar, in a surprisingly short time, will carry out grandiose changes in all areas of the life of his country. fathers and sons watch the new season after the evening news. meet

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the endless passages of the kremlin palace in a magnificent retinue, he had to run. behind him. he made a difficult decision and hurried it fulfill, discarding all doubts and fears. the throne room of the palace was waiting for him, the elected people of the state called by ivan iv, a meeting of representatives of all free estates later , the cathedral of reconciliation will be named later. such councils will be convened to resolve the most important state issues and will be called zemstvo councils with the advent of zemstvo councils in russia, a new state system has developed, in which representatives of the entire free population of the country participated in government and drafting laws. the very first words of his speech addressed

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to the cathedral shocked everyone. the tsar, the grand duke of all russia, self-restrained in front of his subjects, repented that he was cruelly unfair to her and announced that he himself forgives everyone who was guilty before him, he would not place more disgrace on them, and finally, the tsar asked for consent to reforms. and you are my brothers. all my beloved princes and boyars, and that's it, orthodox christianity, help me and help me administrative reform canceled feeding officials at the expense of the local population introduced harsh penalties for bribes and false evidence as a result of criminal cases, and

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all land issues were transferred to the jurisdiction of the local nobility and free peasantry. a system of orders of the central government was formed, each of which was in charge of a certain industry from foreign policy to the army; the system of orders functioned successfully until the end of the 18th century. ivan vasilievich led his army on a campaign against kazan the golden horde was a bone in the throat of the russian state, the war went on intermittently for almost 100 years, 10,000 russian captives languished in slavery. kazanians have a sarivan. twice he tried to fight with kazan but both campaigns were unsuccessful for the third, the campaign was prepared with special care, the army was accompanied by

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foreign specialists, including engineers , artillerymen, sappers artillery arsenal 150 guns of first-class quality. it was an army updated after the reform. the military reform of ivan iv strengthened and streamlined the basis of the russian army, the noble militia, regular military reviews were established, for which all service nobles were supposed to be cavalry horses and weapons, that is , the first russian regular army sagittarius armed with squeakers and trained in fire combat appeared on a war horse with weapons and fighters. sagittarius received the said salaries of 4 rubles. in a year and not dependent on the retired aristocracy at the end of august, kazan was taken into a tight siege. cannon fire

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continued day and night kazantsev resisted then ivan vasilievich did not i advise my waters to summon engineers and sappers to me with the strictest secrecy under the walls, they began to dig under the walls for the mini. in the light of the second of october, the whole city in the faceted chamber of the kremlin, the tsar solemnly celebrated the victory with him rejoiced. the whole country of kazan was taken as a common victory of national pride, uniting

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the entire russian society under the boyard to the peasants of the territory of the kazan khanate. all the middle of the volga region is about 700,000 m². it became part of the russian state and soon, under the protection of the tsar , asked for the siberian khanate. in 1556 it was the khanate of astrakhan was conquered and the entire volga was under russian control; the lower volga region and the steppes from the don to the terek joined russia . the printing press began. foreign diplomats and merchants, formerly cautiously traveling to russia, could not believe

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their eyes. this prince is the ruler and king over many countries and his power amazingly big. emperor ivan vasilievich is very smart and generous in love, he surpasses all other sovereigns in his subjects and great deeds. the emperor with the greatest justice governs the entire state . an educated pious artistic gifted man, he was very fond of spiritual music and himself composed works for the church choir . ivan iv was in the prime of his life and was completely happy. but in march 1553, the king fell seriously ill. it soon became obvious

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that there was no hope for recovery, and his consciousness grew cloudy. he increasingly fell into a feverish delirium molested to recognize loved ones ivan understood that his brother yuri was dying, he was seriously ill, perhaps weak-minded and not able to claim the throne, his son dmitry was only six months old, but there was a cousin , prince vladimir staretsky, and he could easily push tsarevich dmitry from the throne. dying, the king ordered to take the oath to the baby prince, but not everyone agreed. protopops sylvester aleksey dashev, the closest friends whom the tsar believed wholeheartedly, were in no hurry to swear allegiance to his son. they understood that the enthronement of a baby would mean rolling back to the days of boyar rule and general decline, feeling betrayed.

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the king suddenly woke up. it was morning, he seemed to have risen from the dead. now, having hardly visited the next world, he gained, as it seemed to him, true sight since the lord had left him alive. this means that his great sovereign's destiny has not yet been fulfilled. he will have to go through a difficult path on this path as well. he is absolutely lonely friends not helpers. even the servants of the only enemies of the king immediately went to the bogomorye to the distant cyril monastery. ivan took

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wife and little son, because he could no longer trust them. he was urged not to take his wife and child on such a difficult journey, but he did not listen. the trip ended tragically, descending along similar to the ship and rescue. a year later, the son ivan was born after another 3 years, fedor and it seemed that life went on and outwardly everything remained the same only between the tsar and his closest advisers . a crack appeared, and it steadily expanded beyond the bitterness of mistrust. in their every word and every action, ivan saw resistance and malicious intent suspicion. intensified when

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the advisers dared to object to his military plans, the king insisted on his own and in the very first years he won several brilliant victories in a row, and the advisers continued to argue, convincing him that the war would ruin the country. but ivan did not want to listen to them; he no longer believed his old comrades-in-arms ; moreover, he suspected them of treason. aleksey adasheva, the tsar sent him away in livonia, without giving him any definite position, the priest sylvester went to a distant monastery. in the middle of the summer of 1560, she became seriously ill, tsarina anastasia had another birth, ruined her health even further. or the cause of the disease was someone's malicious intent. it was painful to see how anastasia was suffering, her

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face became unrecognizable wax. he did not want to believe, but he understood with horror and sadness that it was all over for him to be blue, the evil people had killed him, and now even if you shout at least fight, everything is in vain. but at the funeral ivan sobbed. so i couldn't stand up. they feared that the king would go mad with grief. after the death of his wife, he changed terribly again, as in his youth, he embarked on a wild revelry from the outside it might seem that the young widower is desperately trying to drown out his grief with violent and indecent losses and again went to the bogomorye, prayed at night for a flight. he observed the life of the monks.

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a strict way of life, in general, a hagiographic charter that left the monk nothing of his own, except for his soul. fidelity to dinner absolute obedience to the abbot from their bodies like bricks they built on the ground. kingdom of heaven is this not the highest goal of earthly life? the tsar knew from the gospel the kingdom of heaven of power is taken, he felt himself a soldier of christ and that to be convinced of this, he began a holy war in 1563, ivan the terrible led a campaign against polotsk , the largest and richest city in lithuania, the ancient patrimony of rurikovich through polotsk, the influence of western confessions went, and this was serious

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orthodoxy. the tsar led huge troops to the strip and personally supervised the entire operation. it was the largest military company possessed powerful fortifications, after a month of continuous shelling. the news of the capture of polotsk instantly spread throughout europe. ivan iv triumphed in moscow. he returned to firm confidence. he does what pleases the lord. and all those who oppose him go against god's will on a dark night through a breach in the wall to lithuania, prince andrew of kurb, who occupied an exceptionally high position, knew all military and political secrets and personal secrets.

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kurbsky not only fled, he also began to write letters to the tsar, reproaching him for black ingratitude towards his faithful servants, accusing him of arbitrariness and blind pride. having received this message to the king in anger, he ordered the messenger who brought this letter to be tortured to death. but later for some time, unable to stand it, he wrote a response to prince kurbsky, in which he refuted all the accusations and formulated his political program. but opposes power opposes god. and whoever opposes god is called an apostate, and this is the worst sin. when he needed to go to the other world to find out what the nobles think of their king, now it's time to find out who the people take him for. is he ready to follow

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the king? where would he lead? on the eve of christmas 1564, the kremlin suddenly became empty tsar ivan vasilyevich disappeared with his family courtiers with all the royal treasury and moscow shrines disappeared as if it had not been. muscovites were at a loss; no one understood what was happening. until the tsar’s messenger arrives in moscow from aleksandrovskaya sloboda, the people do not hold evil with a letter. on the other hand , he accuses the church authorities of the nobility and the boyars of covering up traitors and criminals and preventing the sovereign from administering a fair trial. why does he renounce? and let the people decide for themselves how to continue to live. all of moscow

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was horrified by the bayard-townsmen , there was one step left and while the boyars were gathering with the people's thoughts had already decided everything; crowds of muscovites came to the kremlin and forced the nobles and bishops to send a delegation to the alexandrov settlement to ask the sovereign to return on any terms. all this time , ivan vasilievich was on the verge. it was said that from nervous tension he lost almost all the hair on his head. now, as the emperor pleases him? now tsar john has been chosen and

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the bell ringing, out, 4 has announced, just as he pleases. on traitors who are not obedient to the sovereign, lay their disgrace, and execute others and take away their property. only to realize his dream called oprichnina a tool for building the kingdom of heaven on earth oprichnina from the word oprich outside the tsar’s personal inheritance with a separate administrative apparatus and the army of the unofficial capital of the oprichnina zone became aleksandrovskaya sloboda in the oprichnina was allocated, the third territory of moscow near the kremlin and also the richest lands, chernigov, tver and rostov, suzdal, which the tsar took away from their owners and distributed

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to the guardsmen , the oprichniki brotherhood of 300 people was organized as a military monastic an order, the hegumen, which was tsar athanasius vyazemsky himself, and the sexton boyarsky son grigory belsky, better known as malyuta skuratov, the total number of guardsmen initially amounted to 1,000 people later up to six thousand. in 1.567, the tsar received news that the polish king offered the best russian governors the princes of belsky mstislavsky vorotynsky and the boyar fedorov to go over to his side. perhaps it was a polish sabotage, but ivan vasilyevich conducted an investigation and drew his own conclusions. he was the first to call to himself, the boyar fedorov, according to the laws

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wartime new series tomorrow after the program the time in it is the highest dosage of the substance from the pain of inflammation in the muscles and joints at the speed of the break we are good at, but i haven’t tried the meat-cutting serverat from our farmers , we take meat, chop it pastorally, add

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fragrant spices, and simmer the gray varnish in the oven for owl juiciness and taste. and they chopped it up really tasty. meet the new card for life from vtb my turn and my cashback get cashback up to thirty percent. apply for a free life card vtb.ru. unpack the dacha with yandex.market.

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kino 1 tv presents an unscheduled fire safety check , our kidneys are not working.

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six teenagers committed suicide the storm fell i don’t understand whether i’ll get out or not, the movie port one tv represents the key to a successful walk from your personal well-being, the vanity of the annoyance of excessive modesty can only interfere with you. now. think of something good. are you not fighting?

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an empty throne on it . leans aside modestly. affectionately, but firmly, ivan vasilyevich ordered the boyar to put on royal clothes and sit on the throne. fedorov not with me to obey the king cautiously

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sat down on the edge of the throne. and the sovereign, suddenly bogged down, kneeled before him and asked if he was satisfied, having taken the sovereign's place, did he get everything he dreamed of? enjoy the dominion which the boyar craved for horror was speechless. exactly. it's time to end the executions of aristocrats accompanied by the brutal murders of their wives and children of the household. metropolitan athanasius is unable to influence the king left the chair, citing bodily

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infirmities. the fourth one has selected a new candidate for the solovki abbot for you. philip klychev after much persuasion, philip agreed to take the chair in order to somehow restrain the king. he stood up for the accused and saved the condemned, openly denounced the guardsmen, called the king to repentance. in the end, defiantly, refusing to bless the king, he retired to novodevichy, the monastery, the church court, assembled by order of the king, did not set out philip the lord. subjected to public humiliation and beaten and put in shackles. did ivan vasilievich then remember how horrified and wept in childhood, when the boyars tore the mantle at the metropolitan mary? however, ivan still did not dare to kill philip, the metropolitan described enjoyed great authority, and therefore the tsar sent

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him into exile in the tver monastery. in 1.569, setting off on a punitive campaign against novgorod, the tsar sent his closest assistant malyuta skuratov to philip and asked for blessings on the campaign, philip refused and the currency. right there in the cell, strangled him. 100 years later, metropolitan philip moscow will be glorified in the face of saints. now his relics rest in the kremlin of the assumption cathedral near the royal place. where ivan the terrible was once married to the kingdom that year, the sovereign managed to do a lot so that the boyars did not take it into their heads to replace the terrible tsar ivan with his meek brother vladimir staritsky, the prince and his whole family were poisoned soon came a long time ago, that the novgorod boyars plotted against the sovereign, wanting to betray the polish king and

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the sovereign with his faithful brothers, excellent students went. campaign of the oprichnina army novgorod began with massacres and robberies in tver, klin and torzhok, a documented number of victims of 1505 people in novgorod, the tsar stayed with his army for a month and a half, all this time, mass executions continued with the use of severe torture of several hundred people a day, including women and children two and a half three thousand victims were documented, and according to the chronicle, much more died, novgorod and the entire district for 300 km were completely plundered. nam vasilyevich went further to pskov, where the executions continued, having heard about the famous holy fool nikolka, ivan vasilyevich

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came to him in kerria. the doll sat down the king to dine and held out a piece of raw bloody meat. and eat, you eat human flesh. and while the tsar was coming to his senses as a holy fool, he managed to prophesy so many troubles for him that ivan vasilyevich was careful not to continue executions and went to look for accomplices of the novgorod treason in moscow by the summer of 1.570, the search was over on the square in china city, more than 100 people were executed, including chief adviser to the tsar on foreign policy, the tsarist treasurer, and the head of the local and robbery orders and the grand parish of the main financial department. at the same time, it was announced to the people that

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it was precisely these officials who were to blame for the disastrous state of the country, military defeats, devastation, desolation of lands. in fact, they were just trying to persuade the sovereign to cancel the points. a year after the moscow executions, a huge army of the crimean khan davletgia appeared on the southern border. to repel the invasion, the oprichnina and zemsky detachments came out separately, but the tatars were stopped. they couldn't make an omelette. girey was rapidly moving towards in moscow, ivan vasilievich with an oprichny army went to the alexandrov settlement, then the zemstvo army remained in rostov to defend moscow, led by the princes of belsky mstislavsky vorotynsky, whom the tsar suspected of treason not so long ago, they managed to organize the defense of the city, unable to take moscow davlet giray set it on fire. it was an unusually hot summer and the city was on fire. so the tatars themselves

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were frightened and hastily left. moscow burned out almost completely. burned and drowned so many people that the river could not be cleared of corpses for 12 subsequent months, the king suddenly realized that the lord did not accept his labors. he is the sinful john of god of mercy, the king of all russia turned out to be ivan iv eliminated the cause but it was already impossible to return everything as before. the country, crippled by the oprichnina terror, exhausted by the endless war , turned out to be in a state of bail. poruha

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, the literal meaning of spoilage, the deepest crisis in russia at the end of the 16th century , the most economically developed regions of the country of the earth fell into desolation, were plowed up by barely half, and in some places by 10%. the population was significantly reduced, some were destroyed during the terror part fled from the guardsmen of the volga region and siberia increased tax oppression. prices have quadrupled. famine has become an almost constant occurrence. in 1581, the swedes will capture narva, ivangorod and koporye, the main war of ivan the terrible will end in a crushing defeat, russia will have to return all the lands conquered over 25 years. in addition, to give up several areas inhabited by russian people, the last victory of the grozny era will be won, in addition to his will, the richest merchants,

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the stroganovs, at their own expense equipped against siberian khan kuchum the cossack detachment , led by ataman yermak timofeevich yermak , defeated the kuchum and opened the gates to siberia for the russians, thanks to which the russian state would become the largest country in the world a few decades later. how did it happen? on what he squandered the gifts with which so generously, the lord put him on. and the words of a skilful flyer and pasted to himself the elements of the race he composed himself wrote, letters drawn by a european monarch victories on the battlefield are won only i remained his sons, the youngest consolation

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fedor was pious and quiet, but the stubborn senior van heir did not contradict his father, he weaved to the war, he boldly left everything , eager to fight with the army near pskov, but ivan vasilyevich did not let him in, he wanted to save him. on november 9, 1581, in alexander sloboda , ivan vasilyevich argued with tsarevich ivan and , in irritation, hit the tsarevich with his staff. according to one version, the dispute came out of defense tactics. pskov, according to another, the tsarevich stood up for his pregnant wife, who caused the anger of the king , the sharp end dried up the skin after a few days blood poisoning began november 19 tsarevich ivan died rumors that ivan the terrible had killed his son began to circulate

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almost immediately after the death of tsarevich absolutely reliable information. no so far. every night the prince, under the influence of grief or remorse, got up from his bed and clutched the walls with his hands. the bedroom let out heavy groans, the schoolchildren could hardly put him on the bed sent out on the floor. thus, he calmed down, perked up and again mastered himself in the spring of 1582 ivan iv sent 10,000 rubles to the monasteries of constantinople, alexandria, jerusalem. to commemorate tsarevich ivan ivanovich until the end of the century. at the same time, the tsar ordered that huge lists, the so-called synodics of the disgraced, be sent to the monasteries throughout the country. and thousands

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of deposits for more than fifty years, ivan vasilyevich looked like a very old man and every movement hurt his joints. he was unable to turn his head and could hardly walk. on march 18, 1584, on the eve of his fifty-fourth birthday, tsar ivan vasilyevich died immediately. the cause of death could be cerebral hemorrhage after a hot bath, the version of violent death is not documented. his son fyodor

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ioannovich was crowned king on the day of his 27th birthday. balanced, good-natured , meek, affectionate with everyone, he was the complete opposite of his father. they considered him weak-minded or blessed, while others revered him as a great prayer book and a wise ruler. the most trusted remained near the throne, first of all, the uncle of the tsar nikita romanovich zakharyin yuryev from whom later the romanov dynasty and brother boris godunov will go. the country, reshaped by the reforms of ivan the terrible, depleted by the livonian war, mutilated oprichnina, needed at least a few years of peace and silence. fyodor ionovich, the patriarch of constantinople established

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the patriarchal throne in moscow, metropolitan ilf became the first patriarch of the russian church at the same time, new fortifications were erected in moscow , the wall of the white city. many cities, large and small, received fortress walls in the north on the white sea, a seaport was built, arkhangelsk on the islands arose, the northern stronghold, a powerful fortress that will never be taken by the slovak monastery, the russian army recaptured the northern lands from the swedes. detachments lost by russia under ivan the terrible. the cossacks of the pioneers, having managed to gain a foothold in the urals in siberia with royal support, tobolsk and surgut were erected and went further east. the reign of fedor, which descendants will call peaceful and serene, lasted only 14 years, tsar fedor ivanovich died at the forty-first

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year of his life, knowing that he was the last dynasty of rurik on the russian throne was cut short. the sovereign did not indicate a successor, relying on the will of god. the comfortable queen irina soon retired to the monastery, and after a tense struggle, her brother boris godunov, an energetic, active, experienced manager, ascended the throne. he had every chance to bring the country out of a protracted crisis. after 7 years of rule , boris godunov died suddenly. away, a muda series of impostors on the throne began - a civil war. intervention devastation russian state was one step away from death. of all ends

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peasant boyars merchants of war those who survived after the war, famine and devastation came to decide their fate. in march 1613, in the heart of the devastated country, the russian people made their choice. the first king of the new dynasty was sixteen-year-old mikhail fedorovich romanov , the countdown of the history of the russian state began anew

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