only bulgarian, yes, yes, these times. you and i remember, and other countries had their own, as it were, a niche, and this is the system. she worked to ensure self-sufficiency of the whole, uh, station of socialism, without, as it were, dependence , uh, capitalist environment, from which , by the way, they received good injections due to the increase in oil prices in the early seventies after the arabs, the israeli war, when there was an oil crisis and oil prices skyrocketed. the soviet union received a very powerful infusion. and we have just mastered the deposits of western siberia and that's oil. she, i would say, kept the state budget very strongly, but this played the best joke, then, when the eighties, the price of oil fell. and what is called there to heaven? and here there under the plinth, and there up to two to two and a half.

about completely, if memory serves, and what actually became one of the causes of inflation and unsecured money printing, which, in the end, actually became the economic reason that gave birth to the entire union we can say we fell into the trap of resource abundance, because this oil, which was supplied back . we consumer goods were bought for it, what is called, but they used this money to renew the economy , new investments, technological processes. everything, it was very weak, so we can say that we ate this oil. and when world prices for it fell, we were no longer able to cope with a lot of reasons. i think that if we now touch on it, there will not be enough, not one, yes, not two, not even 10%. yes there will be many others. uh, here, uh, the situation looked like the issue was money, because it was necessary to help more and more strange developing with a slider. more and more were needed.

money, in fact, is this famous declassified archives, when orders were issued to the ministry of finance for an ever new new mission of money, which was not provided with anything, which in the end was precisely the financial reason for the collapse of the union. that is, it turns out that the economy of the ussr is now invading from a clearing of history into a clearing of economists, that is, the economy of the ussr was it competitive or not, well, in different sectors of the military-industrial complex absolutely and even i would say higher space technologies. well this includes space a lot higher. but we didn’t know how to make shoes, and here we were everything that concerns, here are consumer goods, what the people needed, and what was lacking. and it was a substitute for the soviet deficit, when it would be necessary to get the necessary things for yourself. this was the main achilles' heel. the first

man in space happened to be completely empty and did not understand. the first woman in space was planned for days, everything is fine me and i can apply to the state commission to extend the flight. first spacewalk. under the name berkut, in exactly the same spacesuit, he went into outer space. the first in human history. the first feature film shot in space. red thing. it caught fire, the accident still sounds like that. oh, for death, they didn’t even film anything all the stars of the russian space premiere on saturday on the first because he

will make a space journey with us. this is an easy money podcast, i am its presenter mikhail khanov today, together with yuri, aleksandrovich petrov, doctor of historical sciences , director of the institute of russian history, iran , we are discussing the topic of the economic history of russia. the end of the era of the soviet union is characterized by, uh, the cold war. and tell me, if you end in the period of the history of the ussr, uh, and financial and economic, you can draw parallels between the current period in the history of russia with the most severe sanctions, uh, with the period of the cold war in the ussr in the late eighties. and what is the difference or what is the similarity, on the contrary, it seems to me, it seems. then the motive for the invasion of afghanistan was used and the punishment of the soviets for this and the sanctions

were imposed at the same time and there was a famous committee. which one, who made sure that some of the latest technological developments did not fall into the council, but the current situation, of course, is even more acute, then, in any case, it was going somewhere far away, somewhere on the outskirts of the world, some steppes and the mountains of afghanistan now, of course, events are taking place in europe, which is why the west is reacting to this so sharply. and completely inadequate, i would say, well, because of the reasons. i think there are still others we will now name neither strange nor the reasons that are put on the flag. yes victory of defense democracy, that is all. i think that, uh, money is at the forefront, geopolitical interests of specific uh, even countries. well, maybe not strange, but, let's say, groups of financial industrial, uh, who are very

strict in their interests. do you know how war is war? yes, nothing personal. that's just business, and there, too, the topic is, let's say, immense. well, i certainly agree that there are always some corporations lobbying for it behind the war, but nevertheless political elites. now they are so russophobic. i think, not casually, because there is some kind of common e and again consonant with the soviet era. the atmosphere when this country does not live like this. uh, and she's acting too active, she's not hanging. well, actually we are talking about russophobia. i would say in the very word that is now so popular , and i agree with it, in principle, we are talking about the deepest basis, we are talking about the same process to contain russia and prevent it from expanding, not to increase its sphere

of influence, if possible, its cut. and also better and investigate what is called? yes, yes, the actual policy of political elites, tactics and strategy, of course, boils down to this , and it is supplemented by the economic interests that you say, that is, the way out, but to build up economic muscles and become strong, and in order to be able to stand up for yourself, defending your right to this same expansion. how it was possible to do this in the ninety- first year in russia, because inflation was, though not the same as during the civil war. uh , you yourself said about this what inflation is not it was, but no less. we all remember and again the same card system, but we probably remember many of our contemporaries in the nineties. and it was the era of, i would say, the national humiliation of russia, we just ended up on the backs of us, so to speak, out of mercy for the fact that we did away with communism, we were given some.

i would say handouts through the currency fund and other things there are pegs of the bush of the west for this one that russia actually did, as if all the decline in production and both economic and military-industrial potential was gambler. this is the decade of the nineties. one of the hardest. i would say in the history of russia it was possible to establish. but again, not at the expense of foreign aid. this is certainly due to the fact that they began to do a lot themselves, especially after the crisis of the ninety-eighth year of default, they changed their policy and realized that they still needed to raise their own industry. own production. so that is, in fact, they began to invest in the economy. yes, that is, the state turned its attention to the development of the economy on production development. yes, i think that

this is how it is, and even simple numbers will tell us how much we are now harvesting grain wheat. they are the same parents and we collect them several times more than 20 years ago, otherwise it indicates that the funds were invested in fertilizer equipment and so on and so forth, and this is the result, and now russia is again trading grain. they are buying it abroad this year. in the summer i drove a car. the skirt was such an idea just to ride and focus on the sea there for a couple of days, and it was just amazing. here you go here is rostov-krasnodar. uh, these regions and there fields are just fields of sunflower wheat. you think, lord, well, what country? what resources? it's not just fields a fields it was the end of august, of course, a stunning sight a few years ago, and i was shocked there by other fields shouting to me shouting endless fields of buckwheat, which are still beautifully

blooming and visible. here it is our resource of buckwheat. we are all chinese. it’s not so good there, who doesn’t like buckwheat and think that buckwheat is not a smart person. i took with me in all these worlds i taught them to cook buckwheat for tomorrow, they didn’t eat anything. yes, all this wealth, nevertheless , i had to learn the name of buckwheat in english. explain how to cook and so on. why did europe manage to make a single currency from the same friendly independent states and so on. are we too different or didn’t want to unite as closely as in europe why was there no single currency in the save or the soviet union was so dominant in russia why didn’t there appear analogues of the euro at least but proshev, i said that there was a transferable ruble there. and this, in general, he played his role here for the internal exchange of goods between members of the ussr countries. as for the cis, i think

that if you pay attention, when they introduced their own currencies, not lari soms and others, then this all the mid-nineties ninety-fifth ninety-sixth year, when russia was in demand crisis and it was clear that, as it were, martial arts. we did not build then, yes, then it was impossible. well, plus, uh, national ambition. still the country each should have its own currency, especially at the stage of its self-determination only, when these countries first appeared, one might say, as independent subjects of international law. and this desire, as it were, to have all the attributes of national independence, including currency. i think i played my part too, one way or another, we are equal, well, until recently , we were equal to the euro and the dollar. that is, they are

currencies. well, it is customary to say these are western currencies. why is russia, and was there such a period in the history of russia of the soviet union when russia was more oriented to the east and accordingly the peg and currencies and trade would be to the east. well, i’m talking now there, well, it’s good china yes there, and even india yes , the middle east was such a period in russia when russia looked more, and in the other direction towards sunrise, and not sunset , and oriented itself. uh, it was precisely the currencies of these countries, in my opinion, that there was no such period. and this is easily explained, why such russia grew up as an independent large state. to a european country, which then spread its influence all the way to the pacific ocean. this is true, but still , as they say, all economic ones are now tied. we had them in western europe and we traded, of course,

mainly with it, and therefore, since the time of peter, it ’s certainly what was brought to russia from china , these were valuable things. it was tea and chinese tea, like the whole russian empire. enjoyed. this was not enough. it was really serious, but nevertheless, all the same, the main partners, external economic ones were the western countries and the east, then what is called was just waking up and china india was still in fact, a semi-colony and which did not play an independent role in world trade. therefore, i repeat what is happening now, uh, this is probably an unprecedented period in the history of russia when we are making such a real turn in our economic and not only economic goals to the east

towards china, which, in general, we contributed a lot. if we talk about china, then it is quite obvious that without soviet help after the second world war, without the help of mao zedong, china would never have become the power it is now, rather of all, it would be divided among the colonial powers, which already had their own interests there. yes, of course, he achieved independence precisely with the help of the soviet union, and there were huge economic injections into the chinese economy from the ussr, so the fact that china has now grown into such a giant economic dragon has our fifty good relations. well, not good positive attitude towards russia is the chinese. until now, many chinese

of the older generation simply repay historical debts, they sing katyusha very much and are very they treat the soviet union well and remember, and many studied in the soviet union , this factor of our such long-standing closeness cannot be ignored when assessing our relations with china and the question is for you as a historian. well, it's no secret that one of the main main tasks taking place for political changes now in the world, and in europe in particular, is that the us e. well, here i have some theories there. yes, what we are now seeing is hospitalism in its purest form, an attempt. here are the formations of centers of power. yes definitely there one of the centres. this is china the second center of power, yes, and not the first is the united states which seeks to destroy and destroyed quite successfully, forming the raw financial center of the ladies of russia and europe, even to a greater extent there russia germany is a question. eh, all of this here.

uh, let's just say economic friendship hmm, cooperation has flown down like dust in just a few years of propaganda, but especially over the last year of this demonization of this destruction, and will this not happen to china , that is, uh, when china realizes that its interests are all resolved, and this economic russia is no longer needed as a long-term partner, and uh, won't it be, so what are we actually doing now? well, here's what you're saying, an unprecedented turn towards the east, primarily china, india , the largest powers in this region. yes, because indonesia is easier than 105 world economies in the next 10 years. but won't it happen? so mentally, the east is so far from russia that it simply uses russia as a lever, like penka, in order to rise even higher here. eh, if possible, some here to make some historical forecasts , to draw parallels, to what extent russia will withstand long-term cooperation will not be discarded. e next there next there, e

partner. even for a long time. yes, there for 20-30 years, but the next step will be such that the east, which has grown there, including at the expense of our resources, will go further. well, first of all, i don't think we've been thrown back a few decades. i'm with europe. i mean relations with europe. well, maybe. you could say that, but still. i do not think that europe itself will not be thrown back, that is, they are inseparable relations in economic development, and europe itself will be thrown back. it seems to me that far enough back and beyond other american gas, the liberty molecule will lose economic viability. yes, and secondly, are the chinese such cunning people who seem to use us for their own purposes, but, probably, i cannot be responsible for

the chinese. such a suspicion such a doubt can certainly arise, but on the other hand. uh, if you look at how geopolitical and historical these uh processes, then let's decide right away that russia needs china. and , of course, it is necessary not just as a source of resources, but as a global partner. he, what, he is not interested in weakening it, and we see the latest reactions, just china very clearly confirms this, as far as our resources are concerned. of course they are. uh, we are building these gas pipelines so that china receives the necessary energy resources, and we are interested in china being a strong and powerful state. and so it already is. i actually believe that we still have more there are positive and like stories. i'm not supposed to be a futurist, but still, based on such

a historical tradition and trend. i think that our relations with china will be friendly and partner-like for a long time and to mutual benefit. thank you. and i think that this is a question that, let's say , worries every thinking russian now. and it's very positive. but there is a blessing. where to grow for us and china and our relations with china thank you very much historical and thank you for the positive thank you for coming. thank you i greet everyone who joins us today on the podcast everyone wants to fly today. i assure you it will be a completely unusual flight. i

am acting as a cadet, because today i have the honored pilot of russia , major general, hero of russia, naval pilot igor sergeevich kozhin as commander. this is the crew leader. i am a cadet because what he does. i can't even begin to imagine how this happens. well, we have known each other for many years and the flight that we made with you. for me for life in memory, because nothing i have never experienced anything like this, but they talked a lot about pilots, they talked a lot or we will talk about the training of pilots, as far as naval aviation is concerned, no one understands this at all. i am a witness to that. i do not represent your work, in general i have seen many times how they sit down. uh, for me, fighters are no longer

incomprehensible to the hooks for these three cables, but what carrier-based helicopter pilots do. excluded for my understanding, because the helicopter itself is a serious thing, but, nevertheless, a huge backlash. side pitching, keel weather conditions nearby a huge number of mechanisms, how does it all happen? you know it happens let's say so. quite familiar for a person who is slowly gradually drawn into the profession of a sea pilot , because we are all born just people who live in two dimensions. we walk on the floor, and we can move either forward or backward. a pilot is a person who lives in three dimensions. it has additional dimensions. it is not on a firm footing on the ground, so this gives, firstly, danger. you become a bird which in life did not fly, but unexpectedly aged. there are 18 years old or 16 years old, you learn

to fly and start flying. this is unusually very unusual or a person is simply unusual, because it is, firstly, great speeds. that is, we can run, maximum. there , relatively speaking, there are 20 km. this is the most sprinting qualities of a person, and the pilot flies at a speed of 200 300 600 800 and further. further up to supersonic speed. this is not usual. it's very short. this is very let's say. so, uh, emotionally human loaded very heavily and therefore. well, the bag is always a different angle of view , a different way of thinking. in general, the perception of life becomes this, i understand, and yet here is a helicopter, which means i understand that we have included consumers. we started one engine from the first engine to the second engine. we smoothly raised the car, hung, sat back , reported there, and laid out the team. she is waiting. we left it off the site. and if this is from all sides, what tolerances do you know, here, uh, i

encounter a lot of helicopter pilots with training from a ship from a ship from land helicopter pilots. percent starts to fly, approximately 60-40%. still, they do not master the ship, because it is a narrow area and a small area. especially still, and night flights. this is generally a terrible thing, because in fact there was not, nor the earth, the stars are completely reflected in the water, and about 30% more helicopters only land on the deck at night, in simple conditions. until the ship does not move. but when you start to believe it, yes, this is a big problem. and i will tell you that i have seen several times in my life when my guys flew on north saving people in pitching there is a six-point storm. this is, of course, very serious this, well, this is heroism to some extent, because to guess the movement of the ship at sea. it’s very difficult, but the pilot who flies in a helicopter needs to first come up, hang out

, catch this pitching and be in time in a short period. somehow, i have to land. it is very difficult to roll a huge six-point storm, which means you can catch a propeller, you can fall over. a you can touch deck superstructures. there they are, god knows how much and then to catch this moment, to how to catch it. that is, you don’t see the eyes from below, there are no eyes from below, so i say that here it’s the heroic behavior of the pilots in general. i 've met such helicopters with me. the finger of the hand is enough, which can perform such tasks. it's very difficult. i read somewhere that there are mechanisms called, in my opinion, the bear's paw, which means that the helicopter hangs , the cable descends, it clings to the cable, and a special operator sits here, who pulls it up from helicopter. yes, there is such a mechanism, but on the first, not on all ships it exists for specialized ships. there are few people

with a knife and a small platform. they exist. uh, the helicopter approaches the cable, it catches on, and it starts to pull it up very carefully, because if we even pull it up with a maple one on one wheel, then the magician got to turn over even the cable won’t get away, if the operation is very difficult, and on these ordinary ships where they fly rescue people, as in unexpected situations. it's generally not planted there. just either way hang down lower the cradle on the cradle to raise when it is already completely impossible. or they sit down, when possible, and finish the yeisk school. yes, i graduated from the yeisk school at 70 in the eighty- second year, in the seventy-eighth year, i entered there. well, after that, he flew for 42 years almost a raid after school. what was it like now we were issued on two planes, that is, for the first 2 years we flew on airplanes, 29. yeah, and 2 years. we flew, then the thirty-fourth year on the plane. su-7. this is a very complex aircraft , a very complex aircraft. and we have an average the flight time was approximately 260 hours 260, there are 220 hours, taking into account the fact that we flew only

from june to august for only 3 months. well, this is a serious raid very seriously. that is, you came to the unit, in principle, already as pilots. yes, we were practically prepared for the third grade. we needed to prepare only for special tasks of combat use. well, okay. how did it happen? the pilot sat down. by the handle of a helicopter, how do you understand that? how here the meaning lies in only one here we are whole regiments, for example, from mig-27 ml aircraft were retrained for a helicopter, we just retrained them 14, about 20% of those who could not master it were weeded out. the rest mastered the helicopter, the helicopter has a certain characteristic feature there, if the pilot e , in order to accelerate upwards, lift the rope towards himself, then everything is on the contrary, they are the reverse movement and the most important task is to learn how to do the reverse movement. and how long did it take for a pilot to retrain for a helicopter?

which one, probably? yes, we are the main ones, probably mi 8 k27, and when 27, by the way, it turned out easier why because the coaxial screws do not have this rotation on from one screw. and uh, the end of the ring screw, which the tail does not move. it's easier there. you don’t have to give a leg , you sit down calmly, but on the world eighth it’s more difficult than he has a moment of rotation during takeoff and landing. it still rotates a little, you need to hold the reverse with your right foot. yes, and the seventh cadd does not have coaxial screws, it does not. i understand, by the way, if here the right leg works on takeoff landing, now the question for the whole family of kamov helicopters is two propellers. yes, they don't clap. no, they don't clap. they are separated in height from each other and rotate in the opposite direction. that is, they compensate for each other's wonderful moment, you understand, but they still somehow do not just rotate each of their own plane. they somehow have

some strange movement. uh, the swashplate somehow works strangely , it works strangely, but there, once the distance between the screws allows it, after all. that's not to believe these things, that is , there was practically no overlap of thicknesses, sometimes kamov helicopters are more maneuverable than nevsky yes, of course, he doesn’t. e here this moment, which had some kind of helicopter, e compensates with the rear propeller. that is, if the propeller rotates, then according to physics, the helicopter also rotates in the opposite direction. by the way, we see this when the rear propeller fails and now the helicopter falls and rotates around its axis, kamo does not have such a thing. he has both propellers rotating compensate each other, he falls or rotates in the same way absolutely, therefore, in this regard, it is a little easier and this is a feature of the coaxial system. and he has the most important thing - power is not collected on the rear propeller from the engine, so he is more maneuverable in terms of aerodynamics. it works in this direction and rakes in air, yes, a in this direction, but in

this direction it does not rake in air, therefore there are swashplates that make the reverse side of the rotation of the propeller in a horizontal plane. here he takes the air due to the fact that he has a screw. let's just say the curved geometry of the front parts. it makes up the lifting force. and when it goes back, it levels off in such a way that it passes with a minimum lift force, as if it passes the line, that's all. what are the tasks of naval aviation? in the marine version, the task is practically the main one - this is the search for the destruction of submarine ships. this is the main task that we don’t have so many nosov helicopters . and now they don’t exist as such at all. we only have ships for single basing. well, for the group it is kuznetsov but, nevertheless, helicopter pilots. i do work and for citizens, too, of course, of course , it works, because after all you can’t

do without them. how to board a ship on any ship that does not have a landing strip or a runway. here comes the question. we've just talked about it, night flight to the ship pitching, keel, airborne, god forbid the wind rain, uh, not a single light landmarks, what are you guided by? when you land at night, you can't see the ship landing at night. there is such a certain point that is illuminated in some way, and the light removed. why because it should not illuminate the deck so that i don’t pull the handle where i don’t need it, so we go through a lighting system that focuses on three beams, red green and yellow, there is yellow flashing, but this is a kind of yellow and here the pilot must, uh, a thirty-ton car su-33 aircraft. to keep on this, let's say, line, which is only measured there at the end, in general, there are centimeters at a speed of a very accurate

speed of about 250-240 km / h. yes, ' cause if you don't hold it, it might be a rush cable. and maybe you won't even sit down, because it won't work, let's say, uh, pulling into the lane. you won’t be able to push through such a thing, maybe you need to have time to bring it to full throttle in order to get off the floor. and we have such a principle, which means that we sit down in general with full throttle. that is, i come on deck and , before landing, i do not touch the mandatory turnover to the maximum. firstly, the braking system works better, because the car is braked with ha - which connects through a cable. it works better with maximum work. and most importantly, landing for me is a pleasant surprise. i always work my ear on the second lap that is, if not hooked i should this is a podcast everyone wants to fly. i am leonid yakubovich today as a cadet. our guest is the former commander of the naval aviation of russia, hero of russia

, major general, my old comrade igor sergeevich kozhin. when i watched how you take off an overload of almost 250-270 km / h, at a full stop in your eyes, as many dots of the capillaries burst, but by the way, an occupational disease is coming. we have a composition - this is the first spine - this is the first question, because we are fighting vertically, plus it also turns out from the spine, and the second is from our retina . this is an occupational disease of naval aviation in general for carrier-based pilots that exist. this is the first question. and the second question. uh, sometimes you forget to pull yourself together. that is, in my life there was such a special pull that attracts you to the godfather when you come in for landing, uh, before releasing, uh, the landing gear and pull yourself up completely, that is, you are attracted to the cross in the full volume of you attracts like this, if you do not forget to do this, it happened in life. for me, too, it was a moment of braking you rest. well, aim and until you slow down.

you can't get that voice out of there. uh leaned back. okay, overload. well, four units about a shift. how many times do you leave dad? ah, so we have a landing regulation. that is, we did not make more than 3-4 landings per shift on our own or there as a part. in general, as if any touch is practically a landing, only without braking, a it was necessary to make such touches on the order of four, five, six, at least in order to, before doing, well, for training the flight crew. and, when we flew on the asphalt 125, they generally did landings there until 6:00 to 7:00, such touches, then you steer the hook and take off the springboard. you fly another hook and went to the lane. i'm not going to ask how many of these pilots we have, but i said the last name, and here we want to get up about bags. yes, but this is the first person ever to sit down and

who, as it were, is today the founder of the school of male aviation. there is even a question of gold. uncle was not the right word. this, firstly, was a person with a capital letter in my life in general very much. i had to be surprised. it's like i've seen a lot of things in my life, but here's one of those people who really surprised me with this topic the rise of hiv well, first of all, the silver is full that's just fly and fly. that's it, there is nothing else, if the full table is from the beginning of flights to the end of flights. here he has not yet draw him a planned table is completely filled. he won't leave you. and there will be offended for a very long time. well, there was such a person. unfortunately it was. yes, what a tragic absurd death. oh yes, a tragic absurd death, and, as it were, absolutely not giving any. well , in general, a damn rationale. lost a lot, the aviation of its death, what happened there? you know, here we just

celebrated the first naval aviation holiday, let's say acute and prepared. eh, there were demonstration introductions being prepared. well here and uh, on several planes 39 there, on all the planes that were on the island in the center, there were demonstration flights, one flight. he was on a plane, 133 to show aerobatics with questions of super-maneuverability, so to speak. show he made five or six flights. and now, when the film testers were taken, the flights were one to one. here is just one to one speed height distance dimension. here is one to one, but on this flight. that's something happened it's hard to say what well something happened and it turned out that with the decline revs are not fully released. and when he had already added speed, it was already too late, it caught on, but he didn’t catch on, or something, or the cable broke. uh, no, it was in the island that they were just on earth, it's not even a cable, it's not a cable.