well, in general, everything works out for you. i want to wish you success. the us department of state has threatened georgian companies with sanctions if they support the resumption of direct flights with russia. this statement was made at a briefing by a representative of the us state department . earlier , vladimir putin signed the georgian prime minister to georgia, the russian president welcomed such a step, but all this is not in the interests of the united states if direct flights relations between russia and georgia will resume we will of course be concerned that companies at georgian airports risk sanctions if they serve aircraft subject to us import and export controls, former us president donald trump decided to appeal the decision of the court, which found him guilty of both and defamation, earlier the jury partially satisfied the claims of journalist jean carl

and the court decided to recover trump $ 5 million. she also stated that she had been raped in 1996 and wrote about it in her autobiography, however, trump's lawyer said that the story was invented in order to raise sales of the book, and the ex-president himself assured that he did not even know the accuser. now it is up to the court to find out the truth. right now, today is the 90th anniversary of the birth of the poet andrei voznesensky, a poet from the sixties, whose poems became one of the symbols of the thaw era, a successor to the tradition of the russian avant-garde, who considered mayakovsky his teacher, the creator of a video of a special genre of visual poetry, his poetic evenings stadiums were collected, and poems are still spoiled by theaters, for example, in the legendary juno and avos, songs and operas are written on his poems, and even 13 years after his death , the poet’s works look fresh and boldly easy and at the same time bewitching. by this moment see you all.

let me remind you that this is a podcast of eisenstein's witnesses where we, film historians natalia ryabchikova and stanislav dizinsky, talk about who and how created and watched classic well-known little-known forgotten soviet films in addition to people who were engaged in feature films, and there were people who made newsreels. as a matter of fact, which were filmed by combat front-line cameramen, and then it was collected in film magazines, which were shown before each session. actually. here are your news. they were in your cinema just the same. like in the newspaper or on the radio. well, i still remember, even from my own childhood, when you come to the cinema, and you will have a film show, it begins with newsreels. actually. it has always been that way since its inception. cinematography. always a session of feature films pretended to be the release of some e documentary. e with a story about the events in the last days of the last month.

yes, here, in this case, the main news , of course, with us is only the events at the front, and the attention of all the spectators who lead the way is riveted to this. look, but what is happening there? yes, because we see footage directly from the front lines. yes of course, this is not the whole truth. how would you say yes? and the fact that, nevertheless, in many respects people in the rear should, is somehow stimulated to cheer up. yes, there are no stories. or maybe in heavy defeats about how things really are, but there is a story that gives hope, here it must be said that firstly, and military operators they appear before the start of the great patriotic war, they are in the spring, and forty -one forms such a small brigade, and of the three, in my opinion, the person who should be here with the army in the field, and uh, this is such a presentation, or something of front-line operators, and then it’s clear that in june forty-first, very many

filmmakers are either called up to the front, or sent to the militias. or they want to volunteer. yes, and let's say , a lot of geek operators who have not yet completed the course go to the front. exactly, like cameramen and uh, not everything that they shoot later uh is immediately shown. yes, sometimes it's chronic. sometimes this is collected in longer full-length documentaries, which begin to come out at the same time already by the fascist german troops near moscow, these are, of course, later works, but they are based precisely on the work of cameramen, and over the previous years, yes, it is formed in general the film chronicle of the great patriotic war, which is stored and used constantly and it is clear that these are often shootings at the risk of life, and historians have tried to calculate the number of dead front-line operators. first, we tried to count. how many there were and for a long time it was believed that somewhere around 250,260 were found quite recently in the 21st century. uh,

editing lists of the record, what was filmed? yes and they restored it according to these records. how many people made these records. it turned out that more than three hundred operators plus hundreds more a person who was part of the front groups. that is, there were directors, not only sound operators, directors. yes, it happened and sound filming, and we still do. yes indeed exactly. i don't know how many there were. let's see an example of how direct operators work. locksmiths and teachers artists from steel bars join extermination squads in worker battalions

this film is the defeat of the german fascist troops near moscow and stalin kept personal control in the thirties he was the main viewer of soviet cinema, and almost everything, what was done in soviet studios. he looked. uh, edited the script, changed the title, removed the directors, and so on. and this film, despite the fact that he had other concerns later on, he moved away from , let's say, often watching a movie. and he really edited this film and, for example, cleaned it. uh, too wordy. here

's the voice-over. even here it was noticeable that we hear more brown music. yes, we are watching. actually, apparently, these shots than they tell us something, and this, of course, was one of the reasons. why this the film was so successful so popular it was, but sold to america they showed it, there is truth in a refurbished version for the american box office, to other titles, but this film won an oscar that is. uh , including, of course, the masters of the cameraman were also awarded, because they really showed what was happening and, in general , soviet films suddenly appeared in the american box office in the forties. uh, within the framework of this allied such, and the allied commonwealth of solidarity and we have some american films, and in america the soviets are coming. true, some films. there's even enough. eh, smart insightful. uh, critics can’t fully accept

, let’s say the film rainbow, which shoots marganese, and he seems to be a critic in new york too naturalistic, too much, well, somehow just such a direct meat is such a tragedy, crushing a child there with a tank. why do they do it? why does it show this? can't be. yes? the main thing here is the american rules it can't be understood how it feels here inside the country although this film was shot in ashgabat is filming winter. e in the rainbow and the ukrainian village is absolutely such snowdrifts. how did they do it? we still don’t know for sure, because, unfortunately, the archives of the ashgabat studio in the post-war years were lost due to an earthquake. yes, we don't have enough materials, but the fact that it was possible is actually some kind of incredible feat. well , i must say that this is part of a very big story called the movie in the evacuation. yes , because all the big ones at the studio of the country,

which are located in its western part, are being evacuated. yes, central asia in the caucasus yes, first of all, mosfilm , which is regulated in central asia walmată, is not so lucky, but the echelons in which the equipment was loaded remain in besieged leningrad and , in fact, they will practically stand there until the end of the war. yes, some things are gradually beginning to be transferred by planes. this first blockade winter of the echelon was all loaded at a frantic pace. it was all loaded in the summer, yes, but the ring closed too quickly and already the classics of the leningrad cinema were taken out to the mainland by planes. i'm right i understand that the real history of this central film studio, which is formed in almaty in general, has not yet been written like that, and the main thing that we know about it today is that they filmed there under absolutely difficult conditions of shortages.

all firewood lighting one of the main masterpieces of those years of soviet cinema, a film from eisenstein, ivan the terrible well, yes, of course, this is the largest project, as they would say now, but the central united film studios, because it was launched before the war, in the winter of forty-one and in the summer of forty-first, not very, of course. well, is it necessary to continue making a film about ivan the terrible, but this is an order from above, and this was transferred from stalin to einstein and einstein is asked. bolshakov has the head of the film industry. but is it necessary to continue? yes, they say to him, yes, it is necessary, but when the moscow echelon arrives, like, in my opinion, 2 weeks, they went to almaty yes , there are constant stops lyubov orlova draws water into the kettle and so on. ah. they immediately chop wood at these substations, and when they reach almaty, they understand that, in general , the city is not adapted to living in such there are absolutely no places for painters to settle down, and under normal

conditions, not for filming, and they begin to shoot more or less only in the forty-third year in alma-ata, and nevertheless you need to make ivan the terrible, and a from einstein i’m very interested, is it necessary there as well as in alexander nevsky to add these modern ones, but the details yes, let's say, is it necessary to develop the line? cooperation, and correspondence of ivan the terrible with elizabeth the first english. yes, at this moment he needs to consult with his superiors, and the authorities far away, and at this moment england is important to us now, we need to show it on the screen. he says to show, but not very much. yes , even unique shots have been preserved where mikhail ilyich rom e plays the role of the english queen. it’s very much this one could by itself funny yes, mikhail thunder auditioned for the role of an english lizite, very similar to famous portraits , unfortunately, yes, we only have samples, and this

piece was included in the first series of ivan the terrible, where the terrible sends his ambassador e in england to my sister, so dear elizabethian. sweets of our yes on these brazils. to her from niš, as to the ships of her aglitsky sea, the baltic, bypassing the white sea to us, to sail the germans, outwitting the livonians . it is clear that these are not just historical details. although we know that

the historical ivan corresponded with the historical elizabeth, but here there is a clear reference to the present, and these references can be found in wartime films quite unexpectedly, but, let's say the film koschey the immortal comes out well, it seems like a fairy tale. yes, but koschey played by our favorite baba yaga, georgy millyar. he is such a here, and the skeleton, which is also some kind of warlike. he has some kind of hat, some kind of such an iron helmet, which makes some kind of a knight of the livonian order out of it, and by analogy, it turns out that he is also some kind of quite himself hitler and uh, these references, they appear consciously not consciously, because everyone is very interested. what does the audience need, and how does one of the historians write in cinema? praise and fomin on the very first day of the war, the first thing that went into the furnace was

a secret plan and which filmmakers had in case the war broke out, because it was so sudden that it was already impossible to carry out all these plans, it was necessary to come up with completely new ones. and how do you get out of this? what kind of stories you come up with with stories was generally very difficult, because a wants to be closer to what is happening at the front. i would like, uh, to show the truth to the audience, but filmmakers are in the rear. one of those who was really looking for on the set, apparently some kind of material visual embodiment of the image of war. it was just a mardn, donskoy yes, it’s true, which spoke today that struck the american with his naturalism. in general, even now she is amazed at about her level. hmm, some kind of crane cruelty. yes, they didn’t do that then, then later, 20 years later, when tarkovsky would be filmed on three rublyovo soviet cinemas. but how to return to this aesthetics of cruelty again. yes, ivan's childhood.

but then it was absolutely a challenge. i think that he deliberately made marganskaya in order to hook soviet viewers and not by chance, but when this film was seen in italy is considered, as the legend says, he largely influenced the formation of italian neo-realism, there a trend in italian cinema that arose last year. and as a matter of fact, the second world war and e, which then influenced absolutely the entire world cinema. yes, when a movie is shot not in a pavilion, but somewhere in nature, when we see real life on the screen, because it is impossible to create a pavilion performer’s life , we see ruined cities. we see ruins, even actors very often, but just sitters or like extras who graphically themselves and that's it. this also partly comes, just maybe from the rainbow of the don although of course. donskoy played. mostly actors, well , except for children, yes, and we know, for example.