they came quite by accident. uh, that is, we have on the outer surface. uh, experts noticed that in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe engines. there is some sediment there and this sediment was resolved. to study and how to study it, that is, this element here, which, besieged on the outer surface of it, needs to be delivered to earth, because although the astronauts are ready for, uh , a lot of research and for conducting experiments, but, uh, for a detailed study of those or other elements are not prepared. well, it's just, there are just things, uh, to which well, it is irrational to carry out e in space , so it was decided to take a sample. but this here sediment and deliver it to the ground, and then when they began to develop an experiment. he is a very simple experiment. that is, there is a cotton swab with which you must approach to anoint it externally. yes, yes , make a smear uh, wrap it uh in a sealed capsule and uh, send it to earth a

and then, uh, when was this experiment developed? er, so they thought. and what about from the station already, uh, we had no experience of being there before. e such a long time in space. here, uh, such and such constructions, yes, the largest before the iss was 15 years old. the station of the world swooped down. eh, here, and the iss is already flying. uh, more than 20 years more than 25 already thought about it. and what if we are under the screen on vacuum thermal insulation, and the station is wrapped in such an e-coat. eh, that's also from a point of view. yes, yes, yes, special fabric. yes, it is also a vacuum thermal insulation screen. eh, what is going on under it and decided to take it. uh, this is a smear, and there are two tampons, one with one tampon. okay learn your chemistry from engine, and the second donut there, we'll take a smear under the e ifti, and that means when it's all

sent to the ground, there are chemists with engines. uh, figured out what they have there with fuel, what kind of sediment they have there, but this experiment that we took under ft. he uh, when they started to investigate here on uh earth, it turned out that these samples contain viable organisms, bacteria, bacteria, yes, that is, uh, so we study there at school there uh that we have a biosphere. that is, this is what is alive, what is lives on earth. it is the biosphere. it is limited by height, well, about 80 km. yes, there you are six above 80 km. we used to think that nothing lives, but the international space stations. yes, a vacuum, there is solar radiation. yes, and the temperature drops. plus 150 minus 150. clearly , nothing should be alive, that's all. they thought,

well, there can be nothing alive there, but it turned out that this was an experiment. and we are this experiment, i say again, we are doing it. uh, so far, that is, we take these from different places and for more than 20 types of viable organisms. there at an altitude of 400 km. and uh, we managed to find out. that is, we thus we e the biosphere of the earth from 80 km. we have already expanded it to 400 km. and we went further already about this in general a lot. eh, there are theories. yes, including about e, the spread of life. and this experiment, for example, it, let's say , confirms the theory of the so-called panspermia. what is the pandemic theory? this is a transfer. e life from one planet to another without any technical means. that is, she flew there not on space ship. but under the influence

of all these factors, it is transferred, it can be transferred from planet to planet. and but this experiment here, he, including he does not approve. he just says that it is possible that even that life, uh, in the form in which we u know it, uh, in the form in which it exists on earth, it uh, including could have been brought to the ground when he brought it, and just that was the hype, er, the question arose. where did these bacteria come from, that is, there were two question of scientists, either we, astronauts, roughly speaking, brought in the seeds of the destroyed station or from another planet. well, it confirms both. so here are the first ones. well, let's say the results of the experiment. they showed that we found organisms there, which on earth are found only in the waters of the baltic sea, that they could go there from the earth. rush it does not

raise any questions at all. and here, uh, the theory that, uh, these organisms could be. well, first of all, in interstellar space. er, from some other planet. e, and the fact that they from interstellar space could, among other things, settle on e, the outer surface of the station, let's say, they do not deny it. they confirm, shall we say, an open question. and we just have more to come. uh, study the concept, if we can do it. we are on tips. e several times, er, the question of the purpose of the conformity of flights to the moon was raised. and to mars there are a lot of people who say that why should we fly to mars , it's expensive, yeah. here's what you think, and the expediency of flying to mars from one side from a pragmatic point of view. yes, i believe that uh until we don't and i'm speaking there in front of the children. there's still somewhere to speak at some conferences. uh, i uh always tell the audience that uh is

very important in any business, in general it is not only astronautics. in general, in any business, uh, that we u do in life. e, before you start to do this or that job or this or that function or to do this or that task. we must ask ourselves a question. and why is it from this point of view. and why should we we have not yet answered this question for ourselves, that is, what should we do from a pragmatic point of view on mars. well, so far , personally, i have not answered this question for myself. i don't know what to do on mars. i don't know what resources we have to exist on earth. well, some substances or some elements are missing, which, without which we cannot live, which we need on mars. but it is very expensive. after all, probably to fly. on mars, you can't do it on your own. in one country, not

a single state is so expensive, but if we talk, here's the other side of this issue. yes, there are a lot of all sorts of uh quotes, you can use it, but here i am , uh, fond of mountaineering and there was such a person who, well, also argues there. there he was the first to climb everest yes and when he was asked. and why are you going to everest, because there i was there in the mountains, there i climbed elbrus, there are still different yegor, there really is nothing. no. it is here that you have risen, you are standing just on top. well, there's nothing there , not even any. yes, you got up was the goal. yes, you climbed to the top, so here he is, when they asked, why are you going to everest, he answered, because he is. and now, if you ask from this point of view, why do we need to fly to mars from the other side. here with one hand i will vote against, and with the other hand i will vote west because, well , because i'm interested, and this is in human nature in human nature

yes where yes in human nature then uh reach from this point of view. yes, it would be interesting for me to see a person there on mars or there. well, it's quite fantastic to be there ourselves, we we continue the conversation with maxim zaitsev. i'm anton schicknerov. well, here we were talking about technology experiments. uh, what examples do you have of what was introduced, well , for the first time in space and found practical application here on earth? not so interesting to say, but uh, there are all sorts of things, uh, that we use in everyday life uh, but we don’t really realize that they came from space. well, for example, wet wipes. you, like no one else in the audience, know about that. it's uh hard

to wash in space. yes, washing with water is almost impossible. well, because the water in space is a charm to rub yourself with a ball. yes, yes, that's why it was true. here are astronauts in space. e wash with wet wipes, wet towels. yes, we accept water procedures. yes, absolutely true, but, and then, it means that marketers looked like that. and what is it with the scientists? the cosmonauts have such interesting, m-m wet towels, let's get them on the ground too. uh, on the ground it will also be very convenient to use them, and now we all know about wet wipes, that is, wet wipes, which are now everywhere everywhere no one noticed how they appeared in our lives, because there are quite recently these important wipes. no one saw them, no one knew, but then they bam at first, like quietly quietly, then , if so, wet wipes are everywhere. there were children,

we have babies there. yes, they are born, uh, uh, they immediately wear diapers in diapers. this is also, uh, it means a device that was invented for astronauts because, uh, how hard it is to wash up in space, and even harder to get off. uh, to the toilet in space. that's why, er, from this point of view. uh, that is, solving these problems was invented, uh, diapers, and then they also look like that. oh, what is so interesting about you here, and we have children there, let's use it for children, so i actually give such examples of them. this is the theorem of medicine. yes, here we are. yes, we understand that a doctor or a space hospital in orbit cannot exist with us, therefore we're being trained, of course. hmm, for some typical uh medical operations. uh-huh, but still without

uh, after all , there is no help from a specialist on earth, so, of course, we are always accustomed that if there is some kind of health problem. we have to make sure, well, by closed communication, to contact the doctor, the crew , specialists on the ground, uh, to whom well, photo video show everything that's going on, what the problem is. and indeed, at a distance, they can tell us. what tool to take? how to act and now it is widely used, that is, it does not necessarily matter to the great physician, what specialty, which is located in moscow at some institute, fly to the far east to perform an operation there? no, he can also sit in front of the monitor. uh, there will be specialists, in principle, who are prepared for the operation to be in the far east and he can simply assist them and suggest how to do it? it's, well, it's 7 months anyway. uh, everything that is done in space early or beneficial just needs a little

wait. i think many will generally be used, of course, in general, everything that is connected, let's say, with everyday life with the convenience of a person. well, yes, these are three important needs. we talked about two of them and the third. well , probably, uh, too, without which it’s not possible, it’s absolutely impossible to exist. this is a meal. yes, and these are the technologies with the help of which astronauts in space and astronauts feed on these technologies. they are including, uh, we also use them in everyday life, that is, any instant product it's here. uh, it just all came from uh, space from yes. yes yes. yes, yes, maxim, here we are talking about the past and the present, and i usually ask my guests at the end of the conversation. uh, here's how you see what a person will do in 50 years in space. well, 50 years

isn't really that long. we have approximately astronautics in general approximately so much more so many years field and a little bit more. when i was alone for a long time, when i once told my friend that i live in star city. at his first question was there and what do you have there uh, hovercraft there fly around the town on a starry one. er, no, i don't think so. yes. i don't think uh it's uh hmm it 's going to be something we see in science fiction movies, you know, uh hmm i don't remember completely out of my head. uh, who said this, but about the fact that a soviet person will fly into space on a trade union ticket. this is exactly what it will be. that's what uh man will uh use the cosmos like uh, such an exotic enough place to recreation? yes, but from the point of view of the development

of professional astronautics, well, i hope that we finally get to the moon, uh, and on the moon. well, how uh hmm how let's say in antarctica uh in antarctica why don't they walk there, crowds of people, but such outposts , uh, they are in antarctica, therefore, on the moon, too, i think, well, at least yes, at least the united states of america from china i hope we have such outposts here, they will appear. well , further. i hope we, uh, answer our own question. why do we need to fly? uh to mars and, well in during these fifty years? i hope it's still great to send something there. well , unfortunately, maxim, our time is coming to an end. today. we went out into the open space together with a well-deserved tester of space technology, at most zaitsev and anton shklarov. it was a podcast of space stories. hello this is

a podcast life of the wonderful and its leading writer alexei varlamov, and today we will talk with you about the wonderful writer playwright michael afanasyevich bulgakov. it is clear that each of us has his own bulgakov everyone has their own idea of ​​him, but i want to offer you my reading of his fate. in march 1940, 10 days after the death of bulgakov, the actress of the moscow art theater olga leonardovna, perchekhova wrote a letter to them in yalta to her barn, maripal not chekhova, and such lines were buried there. we bulgakov thought hard about his talent and his unsuccessful life.

it must be said that it is impossible to find more accurate nourishing to the fate of bulgakov just such an amazing combination of talent and unsuccessful life, moreover, if everything is clear with talent and bulgakov’s talent has never been questioned by anyone, but with an unsuccessful life the situation is probably more complicated, because if we recall the fate of other bulgakov contemporaries akhmatova tsvetaeva platonov but bulgakov’s fate seems not so terrible tragic, but he really felt himself the most the unfortunate most driven writer in the soviet union and so, was it really so, and why did he have such a feeling, that's what i propose to speculate about. so mikhail afanasyevich bulgakov was born on may 3, 1891

in the family of associate professor of the kiev theological academy afanasy ivanovich bulgakov and his mother's name was barbarian mikhail pokrovskaya was her maiden name, the surname here is very important to say that bulgakov's ancestors both on the paternal and maternal lines came from the so-called bell nobles, that is, they belonged to the ancient priestly there were probably no births that went into the depths of russian history, and in the history of russian literature, at least in the twentieth century, it’s definitely a writer. and with such church roots, this is important, because that it was this writer who would write a novel, which many consider to be a dubious novel. a heretical novel. master and margarita bulgakov was the first-born in the family, then six brothers and sisters were born to him. and it was a happy beautiful family. and in general , everything that we know about bulgakov. childhood testifies that it was a good childhood, which, again

, is very rare for russian literature and for the fate of russian writers, so in general, whoever you take, as a rule, some family dramas, tragedies , wounds, from which they grew up, and future writers of someone bulgakov in a different way, happy childhood, happy, middle name, which, however, was overshadowed by the early death of his father afanasy ivanovich died when misha was 15 years old and actually. after that , such very serious dramatic changes begin in his family and in his own destiny. bulgakov departs from the faith , departs from that system of values ​​of orthodox values ​​in which he is brought up, why is this happening? so it seems to me that the reason is here, and not so much some kind of philosophical one. how much purely psychological bulgakov could not forgive his mother for the fact that several years later it was not even summer , in fact, several months after her death. her husband varvara mikhailovna

is getting married for the second time, and her second husband turned out to be the attending physician afanasy ivanovich , who was 7 years younger than her, but nonetheless . she was such an attractive amazing woman that this man married her and mikhail begins a sharp conflict with both his stepfather and mother. and what is very important. that's with their value system with christianity. this is happening not soviet time. not during the revolution. this happens during bulgakov's youth. perhaps this was one of the reasons. why bulgakov did not follow in the footsteps of his father, but entered the medical faculty of kiev university , which, however, for a russian writer for a future russian writer was such a wonderful traditional thing, you can remember dr. dahl, remember dr. chekhov, dr. veresaev, with whom bulgakov would later be friends. you can remember some from dr. yuri zhivago . and then bulgakov, being a student, gets married,

in general, he will have three wives in total, and the first was named tatyana tatyana nikolaevna paw, here with tatyana nikolaevna to him, and you put, perhaps, in the most dramatic in the most intense, and the years of his life and the first such serious test that fell on them share and for the share of the whole country. it was the first world war and bulgakov takes part in it, and at first he is sent to the front as a military doctor. the wife follows him. and then. here they are sent to the rear in the smolensk province. and i must say that in all the complete vicissitudes of the completely trials of our hero's life. this period of service as a zemstvo doctor is, perhaps, the most tragic. the most difficult time and later he will write a wonderful book about this, which is called notes of a young doctor, a book about how his young hero overcomes those difficulties, these emerge, as it were, a winner from those difficult

situations, and in which he finds himself, but in bulgakov's real life it was really bad there. bulgakov paradoxically, the russian revolution saved mikhail afanasyev’s attitude towards the revolution was sharply negative for him. this is just a disaster, but nevertheless the revolution saved him, because in 1918, when russia concluded the brest peace with germany and withdrew from the first world war. the need to continue his service as a zemstvo doctor but bulgakov disappeared and he was able to return to kiev. he again found himself among his friends among brothers and sisters among people close to him, and but this became, as it were , such a main thing for him, but a motive to live. to work, and meanwhile in the city of kiev itself , dramatic events are taking place that subsequently formed the basis of the novel the white guard and the play, days of the turbines, all these events are well known, and those who received such fictitious independence following the results of the brest

peace, and ukraine was then under the german protectorate ruled it, and the hetman of skoropadsky and at the same time on this territory. yes. hmm, such a strong nationalist movement was maturing, led by uh, a former literary critic. uh, semyon petliura and the petliura troops. at the very end of 1918, when the germans left kiev and the skoropadskys fled with them and together with they ran all the top then. petlyura made an attempt, a successful attempt to capture kiev and the actual resistance of the russian volunteers, the resistance of the russian yankers of the russian officers who lived in kiev . this is an unsuccessful attempt to save kiev from the petliura gangs. and all this was experienced by bulgakov, and then formed the basis of the novel, which will be, but written a few years later , the pyatnirovites did not last very

long in kiev. but what is very important, they tried to biliz bulgakov as a doctor. and then mikhail afanasyevich, as it were, finally convinced that the profession of a doctor is extremely dangerous in the fall of 1919, a white entered the city and the whites mobilized him. it’s hard to say here whether he voluntarily entered the service of them. or bulgakov’s biographers argue about this historian, but the fact remains in the autumn of 1919. bulgakov joins the active army in the volunteer army, but the place of his service is not kiev, but the north caucasus, that is where he is sent, and that is where bulgakov takes part in skirmishes. it was there that he made the final decision for himself to leave. medicine and engage in literature and writes several texts writes several articles and stories of such white guard content his political position. absolutely unambiguous, and he is an enemy, but of any

nationalism. he is an enemy of any revolution, he is a monarchist, he is a conservative. e. and, of course. eh, now, if it depended on him, then he would not want no political changes to take place in russia, but changes. well , political changes, as we know , also took place in february 1920, and the red army knocked out white troops from the territory of the northern caucasus, where bulgakov was then. and if it depended on mikhail afanasyevich, then , of course, he would go into exile, go into exile, and we talked about bulgakov as a writer of the russian diaspora. i was with bunin , a cupped aldanov merezhkovsky nabokov, and many other wonderful, but russian writers, but this did not happen. he fell seriously ill with typhus and was unable to evacuate with the whites, and subsequently bulgakov could not forgive his first wife, but i must say

that she followed him everywhere and everywhere. here literally like a thread behind a needle. and now he could not forgive her for not taking him out. although, she subsequently told bulgakov's biographer that, and he was dying. he was between life and death and she couldn’t get him anywhere, that is, bulgakov fell into typhoid under one power, he woke up, under another, under which, in fact, he and e, had to live and further he had only 20 years left to live. these remaining 20 years are bulgakov's life under the heel, as he himself said, but this is the life of a person who there was an extraordinary amount of work to be done. first he starts working as a playwright, he writes plays that are great. in the theater of vladikavkaz, but he understands his scale, he sends several plays to moscow , they get lost somewhere. they get no answer there, and in 921 he comes to moscow, we remember the topic very

well, the beginning of bulgakov's story heart of a dog, yes, which describes the unfortunate drank from a ball of his monologue, cold, hunger there damned bourgeois janitors, which means uh, boiling water, uh they pour him. i think in in many ways, bulgakov described his own feelings. he came to moscow, he had nothing, no money, no clothes, no medical profession. he once and for all refused no apartment there was nothing. so he started from scratch, but he was full of energy, and he began to make a career. in general, he was a careerist, in such, well, as it were, a high, deep sense of the word, that is, a person who saw a goal in life and consciously went towards this goal, and from a certain moment it was literature that became this goal for him. uh, just dramaturgy. here. and that's what in his life journalism was also attracted, because he started as a journalist and, in fact, becomes such a literary tool of his profession, namely, journalistic activity, he collaborates with several soviet newspapers. and, what is very important

, he never tried to mimic. it is clear that these are the early soviet years, it is clear that this is such a revolutionary spirit, which is worn, and above the earth and very many people do not agree with this. yes, they had to somehow adapt to this. bulgakov not adapted to nowhere and never saved his talent. he was needed by the young soviet republic. like this, if you want a bourgeois specialist, because he wrote very really cool, besides, as i already said, he did not like the revolution, he did not like the warrior, he did not like disasters, as a person, and therefore the fact that e in the soviet union in soviet russia and in these years certain changes begin. some kind of rollback associated with the introduction of the nep, if you like, yes, in the eyes of bulgakov, this was the restoration of normal life, therefore it was such a not very long period when bulgakov and the vector of soviet development coincided and bulgakov, in general, did not lie, when

in his essays for the famous berlin newspaper the day before. he wrote, honestly wrote, that life in the country, life in moscow, little by little returns to a-a normal course, but it is clear that his ambitions were high. and how to be satisfied. here is a modest role, a felitonist journalist. it was for him that he wrote his beautiful novel, which is called the white guard novel, which he lived in kiev in these terrible december days of 1918, and who now, with tears of snow with pain, with love, remembering his home, his city, his youth, he summoned these shadows, summoned these spirits. he sculpted these amazing images and it really turned out perfectly, an amazing book about a catastrophe in which people are trying to survive without losing themselves, without losing their honor. eh,

keeping your conscience and your mind and it turned out really, surprisingly deep, amazing, bright, interesting book, which can be said to have failed with this some very strange thing happened in the book, only two-thirds of this novel was published in a russian journal, and after that the journal was closed and bulgakov’s novel was left without the attention of readers, without the attention of literary criticism and, of course, for mikhail afanasyevich it was a terrible blow, but, a bulgakov's star such a rather gloomy, bulgakov star, which hung somewhere in the sky. here she somehow smiled a little and and in 1920 well, the middle. in the twenties, 24-25, bulgakov was lucky, but lucky, because his novel let not finished and read at the moscow art theater and there, as if the idea arose, the idea was understood that this

novel could be made into a play , bulgakov would later describe all this in a theatrical novel and the theatrical novel is real. such a very, very accurate, psychologically convincing bulgarian biographical book, here, uh, and the facts that are stated there correspond to reality, the benefit really came, and the director of the moscow art theater called ilya sudakov a and offered to make a play from the novel and stage this play, and in bulgakov's moscow art theater would be extremely pleased with the idea, because in general he had the thinking of a playwright, in general he was such a theatrical person. with my wife , in fact, i will introduce you, mikhail alexandrovich, the owners, they imposed such a ban terribly. the secrets of the great landscape artists is mathematics, and you shoot i will fulfill

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the word then we were the first to launch sms in the subway and rose above all so that you communicate not only with words, but also take pictures of the words. i don't miss. say them with eye contact. meet megafon 3.0 with high-speed, which is now available to all subscribers. go to the megaphone here bulgakov with great interest with great enthusiasm want a very difficult task from the big multifaceted novel, where there are many heroes, where the action captures such

a long time period to make a play, but he made this play. there, he was forced to reduce it, sacrificed it, enlarged it. eh, united the heroes, but not even that, the most, most important, the most interesting thing is that this is a play that the moscow art theater began to rehearse rehearsing very willingly so willingly that konstantin stanislavsky, who at first was so rather skeptical of this idea, in general, he didn’t like, not bulgakov’s novel , not a play that was written, he liked the performance and the most difficult thing that awaited the theater was to defeat censorship to overcome censorship and stanislavsky. one way or another, it was possible in the fall of 1926. a miracle happened when a performance appeared on the stage of the moscow art theater, which was called turbine days

. i could understand how, in the ninth year of soviet power , these unfinished white guards could appear on the stage of the best theater in the soviet union , and not in the form of some sort of boorish bastards. e hooligans of shortcomings, but pretty nice charming lovely people. this is what caused outrage. it caused. just some kind of anger, just some kind of avalanche of articles, and everyone was convinced that this avalanche would crush. bulgakov will crush the theater, as if he will throw this play out of the suburbs, but nothing happened in the performance went through the day. it was impossible to get into the sanshchal and i must say that bulgakov's life after that changed a lot in all respects in the material, which was very important for him, and he really almost completely changes his lifestyle, another apartment, other habits, other clothes, and even another wife more such

a brilliant society woman. her name was love evgenievna belozerskaya a, and she perfectly corresponded to such a period of bulgakov's. takeoff. this is generally a very important point, because we are accustomed to perceive the fate of mikhail afanasyevich as the fate of such an exceptionally unfortunate writer , hunted down by soviet criticism of soviet censorship by soviet power. this is only partly true, but there were gaps in bulgakov's life. and such a gap was quite long in the mid-twenties, when the play of the day of the turbine, when later the play of the zoyka entered the theater of vakhtang, the apartment is also a very interesting work on the theme of the soviet moscow new economic policy and in the chamber theater. there was a wonderful one, which was called crimson island. is it hard to tell if you knew or not? soviet criticism and did bulgakov himself know that the reason for his invulnerability in quotation marks was none other than joseph stalin stalin loved the theater loved classical

literature and the theater also loved the classic loved the moscow art theater and stalin liked the play turbine days one way or another. bulgakov had patron and there was an illusion that it would always be like this, but it did not last very long in 1928, such the first bell sounded was banned, and the performance, or rather the play, which the moscow art theater began to rehearse bulgakov’s favorite play, run, but, nevertheless, bulgakov’s three other plays and when, at the very end of 1928, stalin received an indignant letter from a group of soviet playwrights, with such a cry , as long as an anti-soviet play was being played on the stage of the best theater in the country, and stalin replied with the author of this letter. what do you first learn to write like comrade bulgakov, but nevertheless, literally 2 or 3 months pass in february 1929. suddenly , an order follows to remove all bulgakov

's performances and for a long time historians, literature, could not understand at all what kind of fly had bitten stalin, and only during the time of perestroika a very curious literary document surfaced. it was a transcript of stalin's meeting with a group of ukrainian writers, and in this stylogram are ukrainian writers. just in black and white, they told stalin remove the play the days of the turbine, like a play anti-ukrainian and stalin conceded it is difficult to say whether bulgakov knew or not, e about this situation. well, here, what is curious at this particular time. in 1929, bulgakov came up with the idea of ​​​​the future novel the master and margarita, and the master and margarita often argue over there, it’s stalin, not stalin, that’s how this triangle seems to me. yes , there is a ruler, there is not a person with whom he sympathizes, and there is a third force that hates this person and demands from the ruler that he punish yes pilate, yeshua, the sanhedrin. here it seems to me, a drawing of stalin

bulgakov and this is the ukrainian delegation, which demanded to remove bulgakov. this is psychologically what will later fall. e is the basis of this one here, and the ancient ancient storylines, and the novels the master and margarita somehow bulgakov ended up in the truest sense of the word with a broken trough. but so far he hasn’t given up, he’s been working, and he’s writing a play called the kabbalah of the saint, the action takes place in france in the 17th century and the main character turns out to be the playwright jean-baptiste, whom bulgakov simply adored by molière, then he writes this the play, the moscow art theater brings it to you and that’s enough for you, they don’t even want to consider rehearsing it for a very simple reason, no matter how bulgakov tried to emigrate to the past or to another country, the ears of modernity stuck out of this play, and it was clear to everyone that this story, which called the artist of power. and bulgakov realized that he did not understand at all. what to do.