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Understanding 9/11tv Spasenie v kosmose 1TV May 20, 2023 10:15am-12:01pm MSK
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emergency situations in space, when the tragedy was avoided thanks to super professionalism and truly space luck, real fantasy, but everything was actually about it right now we are watching the documentary film rescue in space. open space endless beauty it seems to you that the earth is hanging. just empty. this is the most beautiful thing we have is our planet and endless danger. and no one will ever save huge temperature drops literally everything. could happen
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coincides with the number of inputs. solve this the task and the crew, in principle, saved themselves, before opening the hatch into the abyss, the astronaut undergoes hundreds of trainings on the ground under water. everything is calculated and thought out, however, until now , every exit. this is a step into the unknown.
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on january 19 , 1998, the thirty-third expedition to the mir station was launched from baikonur . crew commander talgat musabaev flight engineer nikolai budarin, both experienced cosmonauts, both performed spacewalks for
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musabayeva shock. this was the second flight. after this flight, musabayev will be included in the book guinness world records as an astronaut who completed five spacewalks in a month and spent a total of more than 30 hours there. it goes out for several tasks here for servicing the station on the outer surface. this is a scientific experiment and emergency work after the accident collision with a cargo ship in the ninety -seventh year, the progress transport ship rammed the module during manual docking, as a result, both the cam module and the solar arrays were damaged. these very exits were very difficult in terms of engineering, very difficult. we prepared a lot on earth with nikolai urushin, which is the official name for
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a spacewalk. this is the most dangerous task of the entire flight. the astronauts must perform it in a hostile vacuum environment, where life is simply impossible and the only thing that separates it from death is the fabric of the spacesuit and the safety shaft. a very serious danger during a spacewalk. it's uh hmm station loss any small movement according to newton's third law causes objects to fly apart station astronaut fly apart station in one direction cosmonauts are opposite to prevent this from happening outside of ship activities
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, there is an iron rule that an astronaut must always be fastened to the station . the astronaut must always be fastened. e to the element of the station one carbine unfastened, on the next this one ended in the next vicious one. uh, fastened it, then after that you can undock another carabiner. this rule is hammered into the head from the first days of training, every astronaut knows in which case the station will not fly after him , there will be no rescue. he knew this very well and was pushing the musobaev. it was necessary to switch from one module to another from such a one. well , i had to hook this state here on this old structure, with which i went to the transition to the second structure and, therefore, have time to hook it, then pick up this one. and when i was already flying at such a speed, it was such a small speed. yes, i'm looking, so i have this carbine in my hand ready to fasten. get a foothold,
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and this carbine i looked here, it flies, it flies along with the structure, for which the element of the station was hooked, to which the carbine was attached , the second carbine talgat musabaev held in his hand and freely hovered in weightlessness. remained, so it's not attached to anything, well, scary. i mean, my whole life flew by in front of me, as if in a few seconds. this certain death musabaev already imagined how he would become a living satellite of the earth, alive until he wanted air, and then a dead case when the american astronaut haidamari stephanishin accidentally missed during the repair of the station tool bag.
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as if in your neck someone pushed you like that, and i managed to catch on, a strange situation occurred. i don't know how mystical one can say musabayev flew into space three times in total. he spent 43 hours and 46 minutes in outer space, but even after many years the astronaut is sure that in the ninety-eighth he was helped to squeeze out, an inexplicable force that gave him
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a cuff on the back of the head with an invisible hand. and that saved her life. counts on a miracle in astronautics is not accepted here is always an accurate calculation, and not during the preparation of the very first spacewalk , alexei leonov worked out 3,000 emergencies on earth, but according to the law of meanness in space, 3,000 1 occurred on earth on march 18, 1965 at 10:00 am moscow time
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ship voskhod 2 on board commander pavel belyaev and pilot alexei leonov, leonov had a special task for the first time in the world to go into open space. as planned, leonov was supposed to swim next to the ship, take a photo, wave his hand and return to the ship, with with which the cosmonaut connected a long safety file on the ground, everything worked out to automatism. and walking into the abyss, we asked this question to cosmonaut dmitry immediately after his first spacewalk, still on board the iss . on foot with a parachute, i remember very well my first jump. the ramp hatch opens and
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the instructors advised us not to look at all. uh, in the opening here, it's about the same. i opened the hatch and worked. actually, the work of the worker process and tried to look further into space to see what there tried to act in the near zone to work to be distracted by this, and then a little bit. eh, getting used to it. respectively. yes, i was able to appreciate all the beauty of our earth from a height of 400 km dmitry petelin 's spacewalk was 451. leonov's first spacewalk what emotions he really experienced the cosmonaut swelled up and became rigid
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, as if inside a volleyball . the suit, in fact the first generation is simple, that is, now it would hardly be like that created and used in fact, i felt that my fingers were coming out of gloves. the ship changes its position, but i began to think ahead, but i will have to collect the halyard. and how to assemble a long file when your hands do not obey, but there is nothing to rely on. the astronaut convulsively moved his arms in an attempt to reach the safety rope at that time the crew commander. pavel belyaev said he needed to return urgently. a partner
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for a reason a little more and the ship will come out of the sunlight. on the tv side pitch darkness, minus 150 degrees and no connection with the earth, dead zones from the last forces of the cable and literally in a matter of seconds flew up to the station. the simplest thing left was to return to the ship. leonov tried to climb into the gateway with his feet forward. so he could easily close the hatch above his head, it was supposed to be so according to the instructions, but already near luke the astronaut realized it would not work. plus, it had a diameter of 20 meters, i was 90 meters in a spacesuit. i spent so much energy that my pulse was up to
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190, i almost overheated in japan betrayed his eyes, it was necessary to act quickly , then leonov, at his own peril and risk, decided to violate the instructions; he half relieved the pressure in the spacesuit and immediately felt it became easier to move. well, unfortunately already by that time leonov was very tired because of the very strong psychological physical load. it was he who entered head first into this compartment with their feet, as the instructions in the narrow airlock are attributed, in a spacesuit. leonov had to turn around otherwise it was impossible to get into the ship. he was only able to do this because the gateway the camera was then a soft type of inflatable segments. that's it, it's over. i boarded the ship to catch my breath. pasha patted me on the shoulder and well done. lyokha what kind of life can we teach a scout?
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do not worry, by the way, you are strong, you are not in nuclear physics, if not a physicist, buy a textbook. learn the basics then we'll talk about the british stealing materials from the americans. and we steal the same materials every day, pineapple, that now they don’t give birth. this is a different bomb with someone who has this bomb, it will simply be impossible to detect. our country will act as the guarantor of peace all over the world for all ages. we cannot allow russia on our territory. i am not selling secrets to your country. we just have to prevent disasters together. today at the first we thought it was great. our work has been helpful.
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get to know each other better. tell us about yourself. today, to be honest, i serve the cables - this excitement makes itself felt dogs have died. there at home you sit in front of the tv saying, well, you don’t know, or what? we all do this in front of the tv and say something else, i have 5,000. wow, let's take a fairy tale. i always dreamed of being allowed into the cab, and the subway driver is usually for relatives. and if i become your in-laws are ready to play with me who wants to be a millionaire dark who wants to be a millionaire. look, after the evening news cosmos, several important decisions were made to replace the cable on the field and the convenient design of the safety files, the spacesuit, berkut to finalize, so the orlan spacesuit appeared, in which
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our astronauts still go into space. and another option was proposed by our designs - semi-rigid and when considering the characteristics. still, we decided that this scheme is semi-rigid. uh, she's more hmm promising and convenient, firstly, the spacesuit does not change in size when the pressure changes. it means that it is more convenient to place a worker inside a spacesuit on a hard keras, to place the control units of the eagles, they are constantly modernizing, but the main principle is a semi-rigid cuirass , which is attached to soft arms and legs . our orlan is something like a closet; we enter, we need to equip ourselves, special underwear, uh
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, space suit accessories, respectively , a medical train so that specialists on the ground can see. body temperature and further. and the connection, respectively, the headset with the connection and only after that you are fully equipped. you can get off the spacesuit, after the astronaut entered the spacesuit , you can do it yourself without the help of another person. here there is such a cable with a lever, i pull it up with my left hand and put it on a hook. the door is pulled with a cable already to its original state for closing. then he closes the door with his right hand , latches for reliability, the latch
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is sealed into the door. all life support systems are located. and each everything is duplicated, as on the soyuz ship, however , the spacesuit is a small ship. the eagles do not have a size range like his clothes, astronauts of any height from 165 to 190 cm can work in it. the main thing is to take measurements correctly on the ground, and already at the station to fit the spacesuit on them. due to the fact that special adjusting tapes are available in the design of the spacesuit, with the help of which, e , shells of the arms and legs can be the product at home, being at the station , exposes the same dimensions and in this way. it is as if he adjusts the size of the spacesuit for himself, only individual
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gloves, yes, and yours are only three sizes. the american spacesuit is called a device for off-carriage activity, but it looks more like a suit with a german helmet top and pants. everything is separate. this design allows you to maneuver with dimensions, but the astronaut cannot put on the star suit alone. yes, and mu weighs 20 kg more than our eagle. orland 1014 he is 136 kg. it would seem that there is no difference. how much does a weightless suit weigh? still no weight. yes, but there is a lot. we usually imagine going out into outer space in much the same way as going out of the house. he put on his coat, opened the door and left with the difference that the astronaut puts on a spacesuit, and instead of the door they open the airlock, in fact, going on
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a star walk takes much longer after putting on the spacesuit. performing all operations before opening. luke takes about an hour 20 hour 30 after putting on the spacesuit needs half an hour, as they say, to sit on the track. at this stage , the astronaut breathes pure oxygen. the fact is that the working pressure in the star suit is half that of the earth, this is done so that the vacuum suit is softer, and it is possible to bend the arms and legs. well, you can’t just take and twist the pressure valve. the astronauts must breathe pure oxygen before the exit in order to remove nitrogen from the blood , which does not dissolve in the blood ; anyway, that the diver rises from the depth upward, you can get the so-called decompression disorder, decompression
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sickness, decompression sickness, this is when the nitrogen in the blood begins to boil from a sharp pressure drop. this disease has many manifestations of pain in the joints before muscle rupture and heart attack. the most tragic example in the history of astronautics is the death of dobrovolsky volkov and the set-up. during the landing , the descent vehicle was depressurized and the astronauts died not from the heart, but from decompression sickness. the blood was strong. this compression so quickly left the device. four-tenths of an atmosphere
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is just such a pressure in our eagles. in american suits, the pressure is lower, on the one hand, it is more convenient, they are softer, but on the other hand, the preparation for the exit takes longer. we have half an hour, and in an american spacesuit, if urgent, so to speak, out, as they are called 4 hours, they began to come up with various procedures before they were born in a spacesuit. wear masks there. sometimes even the white rogometer twists to remove faster uh, nitrogen from the blood. after that, entering the spacesuit. they are still somewhere around there for half an hour touring here, because he could inhale. eh, air. uh, as if in the process of putting on a spacesuit. it is they who have such a long procedure, they cannot go into outer space through
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the russian segment of the iss, just like our cosmonauts varlans through the american gateway. ready attached sensors electrical cables and medical equipment emu american side. almost 60 years have passed since the first spacewalk, during which time there have been there are many emergency situations, but perhaps the most unusual happened in 2013 with an italian astronaut onion and parmetano. a unique case could have happened heating an astronaut in space
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in 2013 , the italian astronaut lukapamitana went into space for the first time, went into space together with his american colleague christopher quesadi. astronauts. they were supposed to prepare the station for docking with the new russian laboratory module, the work was planned to be completed in 6 hours. however, after 1 hour and 9 minutes, methane was reported earth, that he had water in his spacesuit, they were doing a spacewalk, during which we had problems with the insides of his spacesuit. it was a leak of cooling water, somehow penetrated through his ventilation system into the helmet , they did not attach any importance to this and the spacewalk, they decided not to interrupt it, but the water came and stayed.
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more than a liter of the situation was completely bald, if you are italian. if there was water in the hair, it would be tired to linger in the hair, respectively, accumulate there, when you wash a lot of water, you can accumulate there, accordingly, if there is no e-valve, accordingly there is much less water, and , accordingly, it flows around the entire face in weightlessness. there is such a feature of water, if it sticks, it is such a film on the face and it remains to shake it off. it's just impossible. it accumulates when water has accumulated. one and a half liters of parmetan began to slosh, then the earth decided to urgently return the astronauts to the station, but by this moment, the methane itself could not move in the eyes in the nose in the mouth, the water, the astronaut went later than the parmetan, and one writes his own feel. imagine that you are walking with
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your eyes closed in an aquarium. it was as if he was saved by the fact that they have safety files in the form of a winch, an astronaut, an airlock, fastens the carbine of this winch of his half-hole, and then unwinds the cable, goes there to the place of work, dragged the parmesan to the station, where they immediately pulled off the pressure helmet and began to wipe the face to give a breath instead of 6 hours. instantly stayed in space only one and a half, which almost cost him to live, the water in the helmet appeared due to a violation of the integrity wetsuit. under the spacesuit, the astronauts bring in such a jumpsuit made of tubes through which water flows; it cools the astronaut's body. the fact is that it is easier to overheat in space. how to freeze even when it's -150 ° overboard. after all, a spacesuit is essentially a thermos.
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these are about ten layers of a vacuum insulation screen , which provide these conditions, like a thermos, that is, it protects from high temperatures, but a person is protected from low temperatures while being inside a spacesuit during physical work. just highlights warmly, modern spacewalks last on average 6-8 hours, and there are 10 each exit - these are physical loads comparable to strength training in the gym. but no one trains with a barbell for eight hours a day, every movement is given with difficulty, overcoming the resistance of a protective suit, which is up to four tenths of an atmosphere here. when does he inflate? it's like what kind of fishing is getting bursting. that's just a person spending more energy plus to bend his arms, move his arms to bend his legs. and uh, quite a large amount of energy
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is spent by a person simply to fight with a spacesuit before the temperature was regulated by the astronaut himself with the help of a small screw. it's like the air conditioner in a car made it hot, it froze cooler , warmer on the eagles of the latest model , climate control was installed for the cosmonaut, this is done by an automatic machine. this system, by the way, it has no analogues in the world, this is the first such system in the world, and according to astronauts, this system, of course, is strong. here improves, first, the condition of stay is not these supercooling overheating. and most importantly , the cosmonaut is not distracted from the task of decoy, because it works on the principle of turning it on and forgetting it. they have been operated for several years. the station has already made a fairly large number of exits. for 15 years there will be a lot in our harlans. much has been done so that the astronaut does not waste his strength. in vain,
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for example, a glove has a slightly twisted shape. this engineer did not by chance. indeed , under the influence of internal pressure under the action of a pressure drop, the gloves, and so so they try to straighten up, imagine that you are trying to inflate the glove, that's practically the same thing. and if the glove is soft enough, it will straighten out, and in order to work it must be constantly bent, after all, we are constantly holding on, for which, if we have to keep the shape of the glove all the time, we spend a lot of effort on the tools that astronauts work with, in open space are also adapted to suit. the main rule is a long handle, so that it is convenient to hold it with gloves and loops for fixings so that they do not scatter around the universe during repair work. all space instruments are divided into two types, regular ones, which are taken into each exit and emergency ones.
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the tools that take are taken into every spacewalk is a ratchet wrench, because in virtually every spacewalk. there is a task for the installation and dismantling of some equipment. it is naturally screwed on with this brush. can unscrew or there is a need to tighten some bolts, he tightens it and we always take the most versatile tool with us. this is a cutter knife. during emergencies, one cannot do without a space hammer , this tool in the history of astronautics has repeatedly saved the orbital station in the form of a star. the hammer is not very different from the earthly one, but only with a view, because if you usually hit the station with a hammer, it will fly back with great force and drag the astronaut with it. so that it does not fly off here inside
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it is hollow and shot is poured there. can you hear how it is pouring? this is a fraction. she just and extinguishes energy, when we swing and go to the place of impact, the shot rolls back. and when she meets an obstacle. uh, in front of the hammer, and thereby extinguish, thereby extinguishing the energy does not allow well done to bounce back, such a simple ingenious engineering solution helped in space. each spacewalk, both regular and calculated non-standard. yes, yes, there are also calculated emergency situations that are being worked out on the ground. and if to be absolutely exact, then under water. astronauts have a saying that in order to take off you have to dive.
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after all, weightlessness can be simulated on earth for a long time only in a hydro environment. it's happening here. uh, preparation for work in outer space in the real scale of space and time, and without any restrictions, the real scale of space. we are given real modules of the space station, that is, on a real scale. that is, this is how they are in space one to one. they are here under water, you know, millimeter millimeter, so you are now here from you , the real station is literally some fifteen meters away, the real scale time gives us, uh, what if, for example, some task in space takes 2 hours, that is, here we work 2 hours. here, in the astronaut's hydrolaboratory, they work out their tasks in order not to
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think already there in space. in which direction to move and not to look for the right cog, everything is like in the theater, before playing a performance in front of the audience, the actors rehearse in the same scenery. so are the astronauts, only their rehearsal under water , the problem is that in astronautics it was impossible to foresee everything, there were cases when i had to play the main role without a rehearsal, as sergei volkov and oleg kononenko solved this problem and the crew, in principle, saved themselves. the task was to repair the soyuz spacecraft right in outer space. a man's life is a choice for which team to root for? what profession to choose? what kind of people to be friends with low get off? whole life, every decision affects your fate and the fate of your loved ones, but today your choice can affect the fate of the country. protect your future and the future
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on april 8, 2008, the crew of the 17th long-term expedition arrived at the iss , commander sergei volkov flight engineer oleg kononenko and the south korean cosmonaut researcher fox a rare case the crew consisted entirely of newcomers, no one at the station had space flights behind them.
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days, when he was transmitting to us together with a south korean cosmonaut, they had planned an extensive research program and even a spacewalk, which they carefully prepared on earth. we begin to unload it and during unloading we find, well, some structures and tools didn't work. uh, and which, well, we imagined that it could be but uh seen. this is the first time all this time that volkov and kononenko did not know that they had been washed on earth for a long time. how to save them malenchenko miraculously escaped death during
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the landing ; after the soyuz docks from the station, it is divided into three compartments, a household appliance into the aggregate and the descent vehicle itself, in which the astronauts are located. the entire landing trajectory is designed to ensure that the round capsule of the descent enters the atmosphere. apparatus. and it enters at a certain angle. accordingly, the entire thermal temperature load falls on the thermal shield on the other side from the place of the block engineer. you can turn your head and see their plasma streaming from the other side of the windows in 2008. yuri malenchenko. the device on the aggregate compartment did not separate from the released apparatus and the ship began to fall to the ground,
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forward through the hatch, which has no thermal protection, then the little girl saved the miraculously ill-fated compartment. burned up in the dense layers of the atmosphere a few seconds earlier than the hatch of the apparatus with the astronauts burned out. after that, the descent vehicle turned to the ground, the right side of the examination set on the union in which the boy landed, the fifth first cartridge did not work. he breaks one of the locks between the compartments. the earth spent a lot of time to analyze the situation and the consequences of this situation for the crew at its head, as always in the life of the crew, it was already about volkov and kononenko on the ground. we found out that it is highly likely that with the union on which they to return, the same thing will happen, and then the miracle may no longer happen. to avoid the tragedy of the ill-fated, the squib had to be removed, however, no one
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had ever repaired a spacecraft in space before. how to report everything to the wolf kononenko on the ground worked out repair work was an extraordinary task. we went to the work area, which is not adapted for a man in a spacesuit on the surface of the ship, in order to remove the rocket launchers from the ship. this task was also worked out then, and the crew of you has already been trained in space here, both here and on various walls. here are some inspectors who developed a repair manual, the second. they argued about which exit for the astronauts to make the first regular one, which they practiced on the ground or not, regular ones to extract the first cartridge on the one hand, guys, as they say, astronauts train for the first time on a regular exit on the other
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side? and if something happens and the second time they will not be able to go out. then you have to return in a defective ship. and this is already deadly risk. after a heated debate, they decided to obey first. and then come what may. i am glad and grateful in fact to the people who insisted that our exit was here unplanned first , there should be five castles constructively. we have four left. that is, it turns out that you made some kind of change in the design of the ship, on which you actually still need to return. well, as we were told that guys, don't worry, locks again. it's at the start for the descent of four will be enough for you , the ship is not u not crippled. you treated him the space repair went off without a hitch after the fix. union cosmonauts went into outer space, once again for regular work. and after 5 months, volkov and
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kondonenko safely returned to earth. you refurbished the same ship. work in space is regularly sent to orbit by cargo ship. spacesuits on the iss are stored in the airlock compartment, in which i actually am now, these are two working spacesuits. number one red number two blue spacesuit, so that it would be convenient for relaying specialists to watch one, but it has red stripes, another blue stripe, usually in a red space suit, comes out first. that is, this is
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the commander, the second one, respectively, led by the blue spacesuit at the space station, changes only due to wear and tear. moreover, wear is calculated by the number of spacewalks, in my opinion, there were cases when, after eight spacewalks there, it was believed that all the other spacesuits had already lived for quite a long time there 30 40 spacewalks on one side. this is a logical and practical place in the union. not enough to carry spacesuits back and forth, however, in the history of astronautics. there was a time when because of this the entire mission was in jeopardy. on october 26 , 1983, cosmonauts alexander alexandrov and vladimir lyakhov unfolded their spacesuit at the station and could not believe their eyes, and we found such a smooth cut under my right knee. uh, 35 cm long 35 cm - this is a very
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large cut in 4 days the astronauts had to go into outer space to save the station themselves. but how to do it in a leaky spacesuit? in 1983, cosmonauts vladimir lyakhov and alexander alexandrov were forced to stay at the station for another six months. the crew that had to change crashed on the launch pad. emergency rescue system 300 tons liquid oxygen kerosene
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gasped like an atomic bomb, there volodya solovyov he was in touch, we were dubbed low in the winter and he started. sas is working sas is working, it’s clear that titov’s work strekalov was saved, but the flight did not take place, the soup said to work instead of titov and strekalov, it will be necessary for the astronaut, who was already in orbit at alexandrova lyakhov, to mount a difficult, but literally vital, necessary task on station two additional batteries, the situation. the salute already had critical power and the existing batteries were not enough for the astronauts. i had to save energy. up to the point that they stopped physical exercises, they did not turn on the treadmill bicycle ergometer - all this required electricity and the heaters could not be turned on. we had a fever. it reached 15 ° in the middle, and condensate began to fall on the liminators. that is, we could not
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even experiment how to conduct cold. natasha and i are going to a session connections. and suddenly we look at sasha to get tied up, she has a bandage with him. here, like this, he has a toothache. he's got a boil there from the cold, extra batteries brought to the station by cargo ship. it remains to install. it was then that before the spacewalk , aleksandrov discovered holes in his spacesuit. we thought among ourselves that it's all over, we're not going anywhere, and in general it's a pity, and in general, not only because they completed the tasks, because the situation was already m-m turning into a critical one, there were two of them the entire spacesuit at the station, as if there was no reserve, what to do alone, the battery is not installed in open space, both astronauts should go out then the earth announced to the crew,
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guys. think about how you can repair the spacesuit from the funds that you have at the station. lyakhov and alexandrov flew around the station and brought everything they thought was possible for what, under the trouser leg of lyco-plasters, urinals, ropes and threads , there were not so many tools at the station for cutting and sewing. then the earth began to think again and came up with such a thing. let's cut off completely cut off the lower part of the leg in order to make, uh, a mechanical repair, that is, to make a ring on which to put both the lower part and the upper part, and then connect them and fix them. that's all, the good old grandfather's way. well , maybe it can also be implemented in space. we also began to scratch, corresponding turnips and think about where we will get this ring. at first
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glance, from the available items, we saw the same e-case of the fan that stood on the floor. alexander alexandrov came up with an idea saw off a ring from the aluminum case of the fan and make a bandage. soup was good. almost like an elf and petrov sawing shura sawing, meanwhile on the ground they came up with a repair scheme and tested it for strength. went up the stairs here for three nights. here, to confirm reliability, they froze and heated the broking chambers. well, for about three days they worked out the technique. after that, she was in front of the astronaut, band-aid, lace and rubber seal rubber rings. all of this was made with a string and sticks, these seals are made up
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and not for the rings in order to cover it again with a rubber ring after stretching and cover it again with adhesive plaster, and only then they use a medical or their plaster and then go around with a tourniquet again, because the whole ring is from top to bottom and only turns all night on october 30-31 alexandrov and lyakhov conjured over the suit in the morning. everything was ready. checked right there. there was no leak, then the court scheduled the exit for november 1, to pull more time , there was not a little more time and the station would be de-energized, and this was the death of not only the station, but also the cosmonauts. oh, this was a whole tragedy. well here, imagine our condition, people will go out with torn spacesuits, how are they there, how are they in space, this repair will pass. it was then that my first high blood pressure rose,
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aleksandrov ilyakhov. on the contrary, they were very calm to exchange spacesuits. after all, he already had experience in outer space, and as a commander he decided to take the blow, but alexandrov brushed it off, it was worthless. before that, no one had ever gone into space in a mending suit, in fact. alexandrov put on a horse own life. in general, it was a victory, one might say, a collective one, and we were glad that we were entrusted with going into outer space in a subordinate spacesuit. alexandrov twice went into space in a light green spacesuit with a severed leg, the suits were later returned to earth, experts studied the cause of the hole, and then sent the stellar leg to the museum. hundreds of times astronauts went out into
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outer space, each had different tasks and different situations. but after leaving, he all wanted the same hot tea. warm up something tasty for us. uh, so that tea is hot immediately after the exit , it’s just that the exits last quite a long time, about 6-7 hours, and in total you are in a spacesuit for more than 9 hours, so you want something warm. for example, until now, thanks to the courage of the astronauts and the reliable work of those on earth, the number of exits coincides with the number of entrances. i would like to believe that this will continue, and there will always be tea at the station. 420 km way
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habitable station to the ground, it can be divided into three stages. the landing itself and on each of them lurks a mortal risk nikolai rukavishnikov worked as an engineer in korolev's design bureau and was included in the cosmonaut detachment during the additional recruitment of civilian specialists. in the seventy- ninth year, rukavishnikov had already managed to fly into space twice. true, in the position of a flight engineer in the soviet bulgarian flight , he was appointed crew commander. this was the first time in soviet cosmonautics when a civilian became the commander of a spacecraft, dear comrades, we are ready. on the day of launch at baikonur there was a strong wind , the cosmonauts were worried that the flight was forward the court, to support the crew
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, the metadist instructor presented rukavishnikov with a talisman a small doll . archival footage shows the same doll that the astronauts took with them to the ship. and it's a doll. it turned out that this is the first such weightlessness sensor. i called it that. the launch was successful. the astronauts were preparing for docking from the salyut-6 station, where vladimir lyakhov and valery ryumin were already waiting for them, but the main engine turned off 3 km from the salute in the line of sight on the ship. they are not
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understood, turned on the engine again. it turned off again, they put it on the ground, that the engine turns off by itself, they began to sort it out on the ground, they took a break at that time the ship. soyuz 33 flew past the salyut-6 station and the rummen who were there saw that some kind of lateral glow was coming from the instrument cluster, where the engine was located. that is, as if coming from there, either smoke, or, or, uh, elements, fuel splashes of some kind. in general, something lateral. they are regular time. immediately reported what he saw to the ground in the soup assumed that most likely there was an accident of the main engine. but no one knew exactly what happened. it was clear that one further flight was impossible without an engine to the station. the astronauts had to be returned to the ground. but after all, the main
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engine is responsible not only for docking, but also for the descent of the ship, we understood that the main thing is rendezvous. in the soup, they feverishly developed a rescue plan for the astronaut, but they said the descent was short. tomorrow rest, but how can they rest in orbit, and the engine that can return to the ground refused rukavishnikov. all night long he was scrolling through the options for salvation in his head, the newcomer ivanov did not interfere with the captain. 15 hours later, the earth announced its decision to deorbit on the backup
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engine space flights plan b provides for literally everything duplicating the crew backup engine, but in this particular case the soup was not sure of a positive outcome, the backup engine could be damaged by a jet of flame from the main side the glow that was observed from the station was directed at him , it is impossible to diagnose, because there are no sensors or a television surveillance system. if they had turned on the spare engine, and it would not have worked, then they would have remained in orbit in a day. they would have died due to a lack of oxygen, that is, the risk was frantic and there was no longer a third engine to spare. even if the backup engine could be fired up , there was no guarantee that it would have enough power . plan b was just theory in practice , so no one ever landed.
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if the engine works out very little and its resource is small, then we are from the atmosphere of the earth let's push off and again in orbit. these are rukavishnikov, and, of course, he certainly understood no one nikolaevich. and since he was from the korolev design bureau and took part in the development and education of these ships, he knew that everything was thorough. and what risk does he take before starting the engine nerves. everyone was at the limit, in order to somehow defuse the situation and raise the spirit of the cosmonauts, the flight director alexei eliseev joked during the communication session , the chair was well placed, you don’t need to be taught. you have already looked at your neighbor for the third time, to keep everything tight. the main thing is that the mustache does not stick out from under the spacesuit. it turned on
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so that the ship descended from the orbit according to the calculations of the tsup, it had to work 188 seconds for the ship's commander. it was necessary to manually turn off the engine after the allotted time. the commander later recalled that the operation of the engine was also unusual. here he writes that the engine was running. somehow unevenly and obviously his traction was less than necessary. any experienced auto mechanic can determine the breakdown in the car by ear, and experienced mittens the engine engineer realized that it was not producing full power. and this means that they will not converge orbits, what was to be done in this case, there is no instruction, an indication of the soup, too. and what can be solved on earth in 188 seconds. the commander made a decision. well, let's just say to extend the operation of the engine by 25 seconds less
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, so to speak, he figured out that 25 seconds of extra time was needed. you need to understand that all this rukavishnikov estimated and calculated in his head in seconds at that moment, he was helped by intuition , the experience of an engineer and, of course, courage responsible for those 25 seconds. he took over. the engine was redesigned, that is, they seemed to be ready to enter the atmosphere at an acute angle, which means with large overloads, but there were no signs that they were entering the atmosphere. it was then that, while waiting for the astronaut to enter the atmosphere , they did not take their eyes off the doll that had paired in weightlessness would go down. this means that gravity appeared and the ship descends from orbit, but the chrysalis continued to swim stubbornly in the air. and there were concerns. or maybe it's the engine too worked badly. maybe even though he
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reworked, but did not develop, the impulse that is needed for a return. and this means that, having touched the atmosphere, they will return to orbit again and will no longer return to earth. and here, of course, they have goosebumps for minutes, expectations turned out to be eternity. the astronauts' eyes were riveted to the toy, as if their fate in the atmosphere depended on it, but no longer alive. finally, the chrysalis began to settle the ship. approached the ground, the engine. indeed, it did not work at full capacity and prescribed 188 seconds. he would not have had enough cosmonauts saved those same 25 seconds. never in the history of astronautics has there been anything like it.
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swallow the steppe air after a space flight, and even after such a flight, the highest pleasure. he accurately said for both cosmonauts this flight turned out to be the last for georgy ivanov and nikolai rukavishnikov, the descent from orbit became one big emergency situation, because almost from the very beginning of their flight. went not according to plan, everything happens as follows, arrived for me, the spaceship is docked from the station, when it's time to return home, the spaceship is a six-ton
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mahina repelled from the station with the help of small springs in weightlessness. that's enough. with a diameter of a coin, these are small pushes, according to the rules of the signal, they work and repel along the docking station. move away from the orbital station . the ship's commander issues a braking impulse. this means turning on the main engine, it is he who gives the impulse in the right direction so that the ship leaves the orbit at that moment soyuz spacecraft looks like. this is how it consists of three hermetic compartments - an instrument of a dual-unit household emitted apparatus, an instrument-aggregate compartment is an unwanted part of the ship. engines are installed there. oxygen supplies and other equipment. in the household there are supplies, there is a toilet for food and even
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a conditional sofa, like such a step, in principle. if you have to sleep in the ship, this is one of the sleeping places actually, this place is mainly used for cargo that is painted there. and that's what we are household compartment we carry to the station or suppose. we want to dispose of it, and so that it burns out in dense atmospheres, this compartment with all the amenities is more often used during the flight to the station, and not during the descent to the launch, because the launch procedures are very long, while you were dressed in a spacesuit, while you talked behind the glass, while you got to the launch pad, while all these launch procedures, then you took off and, in general, are very popular. the sa descent vehicle is the middle part
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ship, just in it the crew is located during the flight with a small capsule with an area of 2.5 m². this is smaller than the combined bathroom in the apartment. and now imagine two or even three adult men in space suits in it. no , it's pretty warm and fun. take a small car. here is a very small car, a two-door coupe. there are three of us to climb into the back seat. this is how, even in space, the soyuz is divided into three household parts and a device in the aggregate compartment. at the same time, they shoot back, there is a separation, the two parts diverge to the side the middle continues to be controlled to the ground , only the capsule with the astronauts returns, it is the descent vehicle. there is no engine that can take the ship out of orbit, so the order of division. union string. first, the descent from orbit, then undocking.
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without crew engines it would seem that a thousand emergency situations were thought out so that this would not happen on earth, however, in 1988, the first 1,000 happened . now your the task is to justify the high trust in reichsfill. we will make friends with you. you are well done. many will now try not so much to reach out to you. how much to substitute here the first session
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svetlana now knows for sure that there is a park in the center of the city. sergey vitalievich wanted a new square, and maria ivanova whispered to us that the playground would affect the improvement of her city. maybe everyone choose a project and vote for its implementation on the site outside the city sreda.ru. on september 6, 1988, the crew of the soyuz t m5 spacecraft, having worked out its mission on the ground, crossed the descent vehicle and undocked from the station to the crew. the first afghan cosmonaut and experienced
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commander. vladimir lyakhov, because at the moment he has already visited the world twice and both times in serious non-routine situations. the first flight with a ruby, when he flew, and they were supposed to, let's say, the next day already descend to the ground. and on this eve , the karote antenna caught on the station and nothing. they did not make any maneuvers. all he could not, she cling to the second flight. even worse , volodya's spacesuit was torn. and there, too, it was necessary to go into space. and when they unfolded volodya, the spacesuit, a very large hole in knee, and here they were in space repairing this spacesuit. you can imagine this third time. it would seem that ulyakhova, everything was going normally. the mission to the world was successful and together with the first afghan cosmonaut. captain lyakhov went downhill. in 1988. the descent scheme
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was slightly changed as an experiment and the household compartment was not needed. we decided to shoot earlier. deorbiting such a scheme gave significant fuel savings optimization. move away from the station vladimir lyakhov issued a command to shoot the amenity compartment space amenities safely separated from the ship. after that, the captain turned on the engine, which worked for 6 seconds and turned off, no matter how the captain tried to start the engine again to no avail, however, the display caught fire. lettering separation program included. why because when the automatic trigger program starts, ah. it also starts the compartment separation program after 21 minutes. separation must occur after the brake motor is switched on. the descent vehicle and instrumental assembly remained at a height and at
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it was launched the experienced separator program lyakhov, the descent will not take place immediately , moreover, the instrument compartment will soon be separated. and he will leave with it. the engine itself supplies fuel and air. and this is death. four hours later, the ship is out of sight of the tracking points on the ground, they simply do not know, as a result, it turned out very much like this. critical situation, uh, and the crew had to act autonomously. uh, out of ground contact after a few minutes of intense thought. vladimir lyakhov decided to resort. at least issue a command one, end of dynamic modes. it's about how to reset all the settings of a mobile phone when it starts to fail. as a result of zeroing, the device on
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the aggregate compartment remained in place. the crew exhaled saved, but the moment that they could return to the ground in the right place was missed, since the orbit had to measure the trigger turns again. we were already leaving, so it was decided to calmly go down the next day for 24 hours in stuffy cramped conditions without water and a toilet. lyakhov was calm. the main thing is that they still have chance, but for the newcomer, mamand, these days were harder. kept in the head. that's what vladimir lyakhov said. it's hard
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to lower the apparatus for a day that happened. well, she didn't mean anything serious. the only thing is that the day before the danger is no. she didn't imagine. we perfectly controlled the situation with our relatives already at home. why and why do they experience and indeed more vladimir lyakhov did not fly into space compartments simultaneously at a distance of 140 km from the ground after the ship. the instrument and
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household compartments burn up in the atmosphere for the safety of the capsule with the astronauts, which continues to move towards the earth, several systems are responsible. firstly , a frontal shield is installed on the device. it covers the side of the capsule that it enters the atmosphere. well, during the descent of the soyuz , the maximum temperature on the frontal screen is about 1600 °. the device itself is covered with the so -called ablative protection. this is an asbestos-based coating. during the protection flight takes on thermal shock. therefore, after landing, the capsule looks like a charred firebrand, but the astronaut is safe and sound in it. it's not that you see these are just the same tyrants that the ship received, when descending through the dense layers of the atmosphere, asbestos fabric is visible in places. sometimes there are pieces of a screen left on the ship , vacuum thermal insulation of ten layers of such
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a metallized fabric. the apparatus is on fire , the protective layer is on fire, there is no communication with the astronauts , and this is perhaps the most exciting moment for earth. boris volynov the last of the first and only living cosmonaut from the first detachment of cosmonauts of the ussr i joined the cosmonaut detachment in 1960 together with yuri gagarin from january 15 to 18, 1969, volynov participated in a unique space mission of docking two manned spacecraft soyuz-4 and soyuz- 5 volynov was the commander of the soyuz-5 ship, he flew along with the flight engineers, alexei eliseev and engineer evgeny khrunov.
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then the first in the world took place. docking of ships in orbit is normal. many emotions are many, but the next step is the transition of two cosmonaut eliseev and khrunov moved to another volynov ship, according to the plan , returned to earth. one landing was to take place according to the standard scheme. when approaching the earth's atmosphere, they worked. carry small charges that should separate the compartments of the ship, but not all of the household compartments flew off, and the device on the aggregate remained in place in such an out-of-the-box form the ship entered the atmosphere. what happens?
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we lower the engines. you realize that the ship is going wrong. unfold so that the bottom these in terms of speed vector are powerful with batteries and so on rounded capsule, but instead a structure with the aerodynamics of a brick around the fiery plasma flies to the ground. the assembly compartment melts additionally heating the descent vehicle. there is a powerful warming up, when metal melts in the porthole next to you. you see that warming it up with good and there are metal parts that turn at the beginning such as the fabric
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begins to dangle, then it turns into a liquid state, evaporates, makes bundles of such red-hot hot air tears in the right powerful rotates completely. well, so emotional. let's just say. with every second , the overload increased. after all, the ship did not fly, but fell to the ground at a frantic speed , the astronaut had about an hour to live. boris volynov. he says that he has already come to terms with his inevitable death. and at that moment there was an explosion. this was torn by the remaining fuel in the engine of the aggregate compartment, thanks to this explosion, the compartment separated and the descent vehicle began to turn to the ground, in the right direction. volynov. there was hope for salvation, the fall began to turn into flight at an altitude of 11 km, as expected, the powder opened up. the parachute system worked and it
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began to spin back and forth, a fragment of the parachute system, the capsule again untwisted the lines, the descent vehicle became tangled, and flew like a stone down for the second time. the descent again turned into a fall unexpectedly. something changed in the fall volynov felt that the descent vehicle began to turn quickly twisted lines, unwound and the main dome opened. that is, he was just miraculously lucky that he twisted and he fell like a stone, then unfolded at this time. eh, opened up. uh, everything was saved by parachute. but this was not the end of the misfortunes during the landing of the descent vehicle, the engines of the soft landing , hitting the earth's surface, were the strongest. spine
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he lay silently for two days. he was in shock. this is natural, yes, but if he didn’t say, he did the right thing to frighten the public, too, the doctors directly spoke to the volyn. this is the end of a career with such physical and psychological injuries in space will no longer be allowed. boris volynov will prove it back to everyone and fly into space again. however. it will be 7 years later, but then january 18 , 1969. after the landing of the volyns. i thought only one thing to survive. after all , he landed with an undershoot of 600 km from
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the calculated point. on the ground it was -38 and all around the steppe. yes, the steppe not a single roof , not a single house, all the few hours that he had to spend in the steppe of the volyns warmed himself on the cooling descent vehicle and waited for the main rule of the cosmonaut who landed at an uncalculated point - this is to wait, wait, just wait. they should in this case, as little as possible waste e energy. after landing , the responsibility for the life of the cosmonauts passes into the hands of the rescuers doctors from the very first flight into space, a detachment of space rescuers was organized, who could reach the cosmonauts wherever they were not easy. or rather, not a regular situation of the mountain. taiga fields on each relief, transport and algorithm of action were provided. however, this was not enough. in
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1965 voskhod with pavel belyaev and alexei leonov on board crash landed in a dense forest 180 km from perm. the deserted taiga managed to pull them out only two days later. they lit a fire. after 10-15 minutes, he went to a depth of one and a half meters. around the taiga and to collect these branches? it takes so much strength to crawl, it is necessary to take this branch, but it was also difficult in the cosmonauts' training center
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to come to a logical conclusion. salvation, drowning people are the work of their own hands, drowning people thought about what an astronaut needs to be prepared for survival in various conditions in the winter in the forest in the summer in the conditions of the terrain in the desert, and so on in the sixty-fifth year astronauts have been taught to survive almost anywhere. on the ground. they did not take into account one thing that is possible, not a landing. a splashdown, where thin. it breaks 11 years later in 1976 , the only one in the history of our astronautics took place. here is the water.
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there it is delicious to eat healthy and tasty frutonyanya puree with them even into space and dad. will it ever end never? well, what do you want traffic on the video is endless, you can watch the video endlessly, just choose a dragon tariff there beeline is a welder of the sixth category on your side. georgy petrovich was distinguished by iron discipline. petrovich grew and polyps for 30 years, he
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thought they were alive and were waiting for a command from the authorities to open the descent apparatus corpses in 1976. vyacheslav zudov and valery rozhdestvensky had to fly on a long business trip to the salut-5 itch station captain rozhdestvensky port engineer for both. it was the first and long-awaited flight. however, the crew was fatally unlucky. from the very beginning, on the day of launch, 100 m before the rocket, the bus broke down. at first, the astronauts tried to push the rockets, but then they still called in new transport. there was never such a thing at baikonur after 2 days. the union flew up to the orbital station, but could not dock and again for technical reasons . after after several unsuccessful docking attempts, the soup decided to cancel the mission, and the astronauts would be returned
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to earth. and to plant. the union needed urgently, the flight lasted for 2 days, and the air and water resources in the ship were three. the earth was in a hurry to descend at night. since this landing was not unplanned, no one, respectively, could and did not have time to quickly calculate the exact landing place. and there was no such connection with a flight of 121 km. the union has landed. more precisely splashed down straight into lake tengiz who are you rescuers then gloomy joked? everything is right on board the sailor, which means there must be a splashdown and indeed the board engineer valery rozhdestvensky used to be a submariner, however, the rescuers who arrived at the place quickly became no joke at night with heavy wind and snowfall with a temperature of -20 °. the parachute , which was attached to the launching apparatus
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, got wet and turned the capsule over the valve with ventilation and the entrance hatch were under water. its air does not enter, the descent vehicle has turned into death trap. as i remember , everything is already shaking coldly. they were in ordinary suits while the astronauts were freezing inside; helicopters with rescuers circled helplessly over the lake; no one understood what to do. the rescuers had neither the technical means nor the skills to pull the astronauts out of the trap. exhausted from time to time, getting in touch with itching and christmas began to breathe heavily into the microphones erupted wheezing. it's all night at night, it means that helicopters with searchlights tried to fly up to this descent vehicle through squalls of snow and saw that it was upside down to hook it. its impossible,
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meanwhile. the crews had the first signs of oxygen starvation, itching, they began to lose consciousness, christmas, they taught their captain economical diving breathing, the experience of a submariner came in handy. that is, for some time they didn’t even breathe, for some time they breathed, and all this was done by my husband, because he was a diver and also used it under water, they used a gel oxygen mixture, and he knew how to deal with it, 10 hours passed from the moment of landing, but the rescuers could not help but get closer to the capsule , figure out how to get it out of the lake , there were no instructions for such a case, the rescue operation turned into dips in the capsule, the astronauts died then chekin, together with an instructor from the cosmonaut training center joseph. davydov took all command and responsibility. let's drop everything,
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fuck all these teams. come on take it. if anything, i'll be with you at any moment to help. here but they took off the helicopter. i landed, which means that the sailor didn’t fly there, he went down and heaped up and they slowly you. they dragged dragged, dragged after him. although the helicopter could lift one descent vehicle, but since the trailer to it is still like nonsense, like a seine net, a huge parachute that got wet and so they dragged it, the wind, and this one began to pull out and inflate, began to chat, and there was even such a critical case, when the question arose the pilots who piloted this helicopter could unhook the victims much more if the helicopter crashed into the lake, but despite this, davydov did not unhook the cable.
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our boys are there. they need to be saved, although everyone understood to save, most likely, almost 12 hours have already passed, and the air. the cosmonauts had a maximum of six days, that the relative situation was, of course, in this regard, i remember it for a long time. so without waiting. he got himself together. the last strength opened the hatch leaned out so far and says guys. i will not speak. hello what did he say, but everyone ran up, and they thought that they were no longer alive famous photo itches and christmas reentry
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vehicle. here i am upstairs iosif davydov , despite the semi-conscious state of itching and christmas, they stood at the apparatus and smiled . they did not want to be remembered both wound up and helpless. in this regard, a very courageous person. no, never and when he returned, he said that our light. let's get a little quicker about this. remember and the fact is that after after this flight. immediately suggested people nikolaevich they are already doing. not so this second flight did not take place, to unfortunately, no itching, no christmas in
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space. no more flying. both worked to the last at the cosmonaut training center after the story of splashdown in the cosmonauts' survival course program included training on the water, and they continue to this day. in the footage after landing, the astronauts are always smiling. it doesn't matter what happened in those 420 km that separate the orbital station from our earth
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