my bombing of belgrade begins on april 6 , 1941. my father is still finishing up. this is the last class of his gymnasium. there is a photograph of him standing in absolutely tattered rags, as thin as a stick, such a pole, because his first work. it was that he had not even finished high school yet. he dismantled the blockage, dragged bricks on the bombed-out houses of belgrade, just somehow they didn’t know how they put them in order, dismantled them. then they find themselves leaving belgrade, where they are already hungry and come to vladimir personally tolstoy, who worked an agronomist in the city of novyi bycey on the northeast of belgrade on the banks of the river, yes and uh, they turn out to be where the partisan movement begins. they help, uh, the partisans, and in general, probably, the idea to return to the soviet union. it arises already when they u stay.

in serbia, when the red army comes, when the red army comes, firstly, they are very helpful, because they speak russian and they speak serbian . vladimir ilyich knows everyone and he is a very respected person. so, for example, here we have preserved a paper where gratitude is written or to vladimir tolstoy for organizing the local population to help in crossing the soviet troops across the river crossing, a vice. in my view , the nkvd smersh is right there that they are white emigrants, that they cannot be trusted, that means that's it. isn't that how all these stereotypes are broken and people have a sense of trust or what? so i can not understand when was this decision-making moment. and maybe they are very. of course, they forged, remaining when the red army enters, for example, in serbia the third lot of tolstoy, vladimir mikhailovich tolstoy, who came from paris where he was terribly hungry, he lived in serbia because he was hungry, but better than in france, and here

he is before the arrival of the red army he said that i could not with the bolsheviks. i incredibly want to go home to russia ah, but i can’t imagine that i will be with the bolsheviks at all, like some kind of common business, and he left when the germans retreated, he left for paris and then went to america and now our aunts live in america now and i i think that they were ready to cooperate with the red army when they stayed, because , in general, they seemed ready to cooperate with them. and it really was a general, i'm afraid to make a mistake in his last name, to whom the well-known meetings are described by the soviet general who met them and who, uh, was surprising to him. what is it here in the outback of the serbian, and in the balkans, two grandsons of tolstoy are doing and apparently, this is a conversation. they are not just emigrants, not just white guards. they are fat. immediately inspires confidence because

whatever it was, soviet power is such and such, but tolstoy is tolstoy, this is true. and, of course, we understand what's next. i'll tell you how they got back. and how, how they wrote a letter to stalin and the fact that they survived and the fact that we were born, of course, you played it here in the mirror of the russian revolution. i think it's a key key role, but that means let's go back for a minute to the new scourge and to serbia in general, and the young are fat. here is my father, his cousin oleg, they are in partisan detachments, and they participate and help the red army very actively. for- when when there are fights, and then my father, who means 20 years old. ah, he decides that he will go further from the red army, he joins the red army, for him this is the most important uh. well, he’s just narrower and the other younger ones, in my opinion, they took him surprisingly then

. from russia they became emigrants, almost there are numbers 001 and 002 of those who returned, a call to return, yes, and my grandfather has a witness certificate of a repatriate certificate number 01. babushkin has 002, dad 003 vladimir vladimirovich has four and so on. and when they returned in august of 1945 to the soviet union, i found it in the country and could not understand what kind of strange newspapers with some insignificant articles. something my dad is there something there, well, there is no big reason to write something. it was such a pr-company that showed how wonderful it was. but in the soviet even former white guards live in the country, even former monarchists, because this letter is wonderful. of course, they wrote a letter. we

former monarchists were guards - this was in the first line of this letter. we want to return to the outdoor pike , the amazing story that you remember telling me when they arrived by train at the belorussky railway station and they were met by aunt anna ilyinichna , the first thing she told them when they were so elated patriotic. they went out to the platform and returned to their native land. them she said shut up, shut up, yes, that is, they had to fit into this soviet reality, which is not at all the same as it was dirty to them. yes, of course, and this is the remembrance of oleg oleg vladimirovich tolstoy, who here is his son, peter , they tell about this and this, probably, largely determined their future life. my father at that moment when they returned. in russia , he was still in the red army, but then he succeeded. uh, in september already to join, he received the appropriate permission and entered the moscow university. this was also it was interesting to take, uh, front-line soldiers without any

exams, but he was a little late. i had to go to the rector of the university. and uh, it’s also interesting that my father really wanted to study history, but my grandfather understands that what the soviet union is in general, he once said, no, history cannot be dealt with too much ideological science, then my father said. well, you know how i love literature, how i love poetry. we began to adore poetry simply and brilliantly knew the poetry of the silver age, because all this was in exile available all these publications and pre-revolutionary immigrant he. eh, how he would love millions to me, this love attracted me when this name was also simply forbidden here. and on this, mine also says no. and this is impossible, because this is not yet ideological. well, okay. well, at least i can study languages. well, this is possible. yes, that was before he therefore became a linguist, and therefore he becomes a linguist. he enters

the philological faculty, but then he enters the slavic department. eh, that's exactly why that this is this idea of ​​being russian and the idea of ​​studying e roots, but still russian slavic culture. he was very little interested in any german studies or any french novels at all. and this and this is very very clear from his biography of a child born in a foreign land, but still, of course, this is a brilliant pro-slavist, because and he is full of beling, he knows perfectly well. uh, serbian speaks like russian, he studies bulgarian at the faculty of philology. he knows the russian tradition. he writes works on the old church slavonic language. trying devoted to the old church slavonic language a brilliant scientific career, but he never made a career. it's his very very little differently.

and of course, he became an academician and there he entered the president of the academy of sciences, he knew some posts there, but it's true , it all became possible after the end of soviet power, because he was not a member of the party, therefore, but it's true he was allowed to teach at the university, and there, fortunately, at the philological faculty, where you studied and listened to lectures. dad, after all, not everyone was required to be party members, and they were free to travel. and he had the opportunity. he was at the slavyanov institute. these were not conistics, where he worked all his life, he had a group, which was from his students. e, basically consisted of and and. in general, dad created his own scientific scientific school and his own direction, fuck this for linguistics. but it's interesting that he had a very ok e, krugozor, and that's exactly what he was with, then he began to deal with it, it's just such at the junction different e different disciplines. what was his attitude to soviet life and soviet realities after all. here he was to some extent

connected with dissidents or with all this about everything, he thought, there, i don’t know, there was a colleague of shalamov academicians. somehow, these topics appeared in the house of a dissident - this is a very active civic position. my father's position was that he lived, as it were, without noticing soviet power. yes , i understand perfectly well, i am fully aware that you need to be allowed to do this, so that when they arrive in forty, five, they ended up in the lag, because many turned out to be, we are such a happy family that no one was at the head of us and, of course, the figure of lev nikolaevich how to put russian literature and took the mirror of the russian revolution. she saved us, this must be understood, that is, my father had the privilege and yi and takes such a position. he's just really lucky. nah , his life is incredible. it was successfully formed relatively speaking, well, somehow, probably, they tried several times, but it was clear that it was useless, you know? it's also

a story like this. eh, that's lived up to revolution, then a tragedy happened, then they lived abroad. and for them , the feeling of russia was that everything will pass, power will pass , such power will pass another, and russia will remain, and when my mother remembers. yes , because my mother is a soviet person. she was born. uh, she was not in any emigration in moscow, and she asked. she says, here i am young still asked ilya ilyich e, the grandfather of my very white officer, immigrants and so on. she asked. and what do you think about soviet power, and it is very so calmly said, well it will collapse. and when? well, here's another 20 15 20 will pass, it's all collapsed. he did not live up to his number in the seventieth year, but collapsed. exactly then, about when he and he and he said, why did she ask. my mother, he said, everything is rotten, and my father. well , he sort of lived, as if outside of soviet reality, outside of politics. no, of course, we were in the evenings and all the time we lived under these

voices and so on, but it was clear. what, what, what can you do your own thing, regardless of the soviet e, from the soviet power, that's it somehow communicate with the students, and this, of course, is a departure into such linguistics and into very specific dust studies, as well as into. eh, of course. dad might have written more about software and some as a very religious person and studied the old slavonic language, of course, he probably would have written more on these topics, would have been more involved in this, if there was an opportunity, but somehow and this is what i know. descendants of tolstoy are often asked how were you brought up? here, what kind of special upbringing you had there, and so on, i understood what kind of you family? i can’t say anything, but now i understand what kind of upbringing was the main idea in upbringing was. what happiness that we are in russia what happiness?

what is it, that we are here and he just talked about it almost every day when in the nineties i studied at the philological faculty. and well, if i say two-thirds, it would be uh an understatement, well, almost all of my course is gone, then i somehow here i want to go to paris for an internship, an interesting world is opening up. maybe i can learn a little there. well , of course, come, please, well, you remember we have made our choice. and, of course, this is a huge success, because i imagine that i would have stayed. they would have stayed in serbia, they would have gone to serbia. they are further west. well i very much doubt what we my father would have done. it’s not even that he would become an academician, but he would simply do as much as he managed to do if he were at an american university or or in a french one, that is, russia gave him fate, of course, and that’s it. here is his father. that is, that is my grandfather and his brother. uh, of course

could no longer, maybe it's hard to judge? i have never seen them, they could not, probably, fully realize themselves, because these 25 years in exile have been a very hard life and somehow. well, of course, they dreamed of returning. they returned soon and they were already 50 years old. yes, to someone, uh, that is , the main part of life has already passed, although they were still very happy in russia. here is my father, who came, he was 22, of course, he made it. and this is a great happiness. it's big. uh, huge task. thanks a lot, dear fokla for this wonderful conversation. and it was a podcast. life is wonderful and i'm with you alexei varlamov a guest. i had a full name about a fat well-known russian journalist, tv presenter and daughter of nikita or whose tolstoy, about which we talked so wonderfully today? thank you

this podcast is a must read. i'm aglaya for batnikova. director, writer, today my guest is anastasia tolstaya, a specialist in nabokov, a literary critic. nabokov's translator into english and writers screenwriter andrey rubanov we will discuss lolita nabokov uh, why is this innovative scandalous novel and why did he make nabokov a world star? nastya, please tell me, is nabokov an american writer, as he called himself, or a russian writer? this is a difficult question, and in fact, at oxford , where she taught for a long time, he fell between these chairs, because the english department said that this was an american writer in russian they said that this was an english writer. in general

, they practically don’t teach it, because they don’t understand how they can’t figure it out. yes, yes, but in fact he was both, because, of course, the first part of his life and career he became in russian as well. only now, after moving to america, he began to write, or rather, no, he wrote one novel in europe and called true life, but then all his remaining novels were written in english and, of course, there are a lot of them, especially in lolita ya i think we will talk about this, but it is connected with america with american life. well, that's where it all came together. well, after the revolution, nabokov migrated to europe, then left europe to america, and when he wrote in russian, he had the pseudonym sirin vladimir sirin, and so he was known among russian emigrants, and it turns out that he wanted to reach, probably, a different audience on the world market and began

to write in english, conditionally speaking, in order to assert himself exactly how to write world-wide or yes, and so to speak, step over your audience to expand it. we can say that, well, of course, yes. although, as it were, i think that every writer strives for this, but not everyone succeeds, but if we talk about when he wrote in russian, and here he was writing under a pseudonym, and he chose a pseudonym, because, and he wanted to distinguish himself from his father, because everyone knew vladimir vladimirovich nabokov, who was the head of the magazine. yes, he was the editor-in-chief of uh, the rudder magazine, uh, and in which immigrant marrieds came out in berlin in the twenties, and he uh was a very famous person. e and nabokov published their first early stories precisely at the steering wheel. and so that no one would confuse them. he didn't accuse

moscow, yes. so he chose such a pseudonym for himself, and he actually became a very famous interesting fact. and that the name vladimir nabokov is precisely the literary name vladimir on he signs lolita for the first time and it is interesting that in the preface to lolita he himself writes that he first wanted to, uh, anonymously release this novel under uh, some kind of pseudonym, but then he decided that this mask would hurt him much more than it would do him any good, and therefore he resolutely signed this novel with his real name. and after that is already becoming a global brand, it is by them that vladimir nabokov and all his old novels are also already published under his new name correctly, that is, we can say that nabokov, as nabokov was born precisely on the novel lolita of course, if there were no lolita, there would be no it would have been nabokov as we understand him now and today and it was he who created

the world. glory of course. it was a scandalous novel, one must understand that in the fiftieth yes, yes such a topic. well, we all know there about the idea of ​​lorentz and, as it were, the court that was over him book, that is, in those days, censorship was very strong, especially on the topic of sex, and therefore, as if, of course, he deliberately chose such a scandalous topic e to attract attention, he knew perfectly well what the reaction would be , he could not find a publisher publishing house was in paris , which produced pornographic erotic novels, but he went for it. this is also, as it were, an important move, eh, but in fact, as it were, as always with any novel, with any writer, andrey will confirm this some amount of luck. and what is the course of circumstances, that is, er, actually, if a very famous english writer or gren, greene and he noticed this novel

published. in this strange review, i wrote a review and more and more. here it goes, how it would go. andrey, please tell me, here you are writing. how difficult is it to write or take? is it difficult to change the language or how? do you think we know that nabokov was fluent in english and had an english governess he is from a rich family not from a rich family from a very rich family and paternal and maternal lines. he is english. i mastered earlier than the russians. as far as i know, he was a pure bilingual, but i never forget his aphorism of genius the birthplace of the writer. this is his language, it is obvious that he was beringian, as it were, in its purest form, that is, he thought in a mixture of two languages. i suppose he also has a preface to lolita, which is more interesting than roman himself, and there he very curiously describes how he translated this novel from english into russian and how

literary russian differs from literary russian in english, despite the fact that he he was fluent in both languages, but he writes there that about those. some fashion about the natural sciences and unnatural passions, uh, it is much more convenient to write in english than in russian, because all the technical terminology, at least almost all of it, came into the russian language from english from german from other languages ​​​​and from latin produced relatively speaking, here but russian has its advantages and certainly. for me, he is a russian writer , so nastya claims that he certainly had a marketing calculation for writing. eh, roman lolita andrey admits this andrey, again, nabokov compares the russian language and the english language, and with a young brilliant and not very educated young man. uh, this is russian, yes with a mature genius, uh,

who has the freedom of the spirit. explain why this happens, that is, the russian language seems to be younger and less experienced on its side, because the literary russian language appeared with us only in the 18th century, so there is a russian language that is definitely younger or precisely the literary one in which we now write book starts. with pushkin, no, he begins there with tretyakov. there with lomonosov - the middle - this is the end of the 18th century, and before him there were lomonosov among the windows and sumarokov , who actually created the russian literary, not just a river, but precisely the artistic literary russian language by this time, but english literature. swift was already there , everything was already there, the parliament was already there, everything was already there, but certainly much older. one cause,

another cause, unknowable. why is english such a language? and the russian is like this this is, as it were, the sacrament of nastya tell me please, you, too, damn it. what do you think, belinga man, what difficulties does he have and what advantages does he have ? they, uh, are always trying to get each other out to shoot. that is, it is not the head. yes, that is, it's not like, you're perfect, you know, there are two languages, and you're just like that at the click, of course, all the time someone is trying- some of the languages ​​is trying to dominate, and especially if you write or you are immersed all the time, as if in this language and you suddenly have to change it to another. it doesn't matter what , of course, he grew up there spoke english, and wrote, as it were, and so on,

naturally, all english literature. but nabokov is very interesting, she said, he is in the preface to his collection of essays, which is called ispranga singing. for strong opinions like me, strong opinions, yes, but he wrote what he, but thinks like a genius, what he writes, like great writers, what he says, as a child and i believe that this is precisely due to his bilingualism. and even when he became superstar, he refused to give. uh, just oral interviews. they should always be in writing only in a letter. he always had these cards on which he wrote his novels, and on them he wrote the answers to all the interviews, even if it was a television interview, he felt helpless in advance of the speech and had to prepare in writing. yes, i think that this is precisely due to beling, because uh, it’s very difficult to find the right word at the right moment

when you’re just saying, well, it’s like for me now, too , because i, as it were, mostly whitewashed in english, yes, sometimes it’s also difficult for me to choose the right one exactly word. and nabokov, when he began to translate lolita back into russian, he, as it were, writes that this is a personal tragedy for him, that here he is, on the one hand, this is coquetry, because, of course, how well he knew the russian language, but on the other hand, of course, e , he was, e, separated from his homeland well, there, for example, he calls jeans cowboy pantology. and something more subservient. didn't know how to translate. although in russia they already knew what popcorn was at that time, and it somehow strangely translates it there too. well, it's very interesting that he uses some very unexpected word formations there. there we would say now a clingy dog. yes, he writes, a molesting dog or there is a lot of eyes, yes, as we would now say many-sidedness. he writes, there is a lot, patronymic,

yes, that is, relatively speaking, yes, he feels language, but in a completely different way to use the word nymphet in english. it's like that too. you could say it's a neologism. he didn’t invent it, but it’s like he introduced it into world nature, and uh, that’s just a little bit . here are the mistakes that occur due to the fact that you u confuse languages ​​a little. enrich his literature. let them create their own style. let's just say andrew tell me please, do you think that the choice of this topic? yes, this is a vicious passion for minors, exploding moral story e was planned for the letter in order to enter the world market so that everyone would know it, it seems to me that well, after reading lolita now i understand that the novel is too complicated for the american public, and the plot

is very understandable simple. that is, at the level of the plot. he also needed, relatively speaking, to blow up. yes, there is no morality in art. says morality is a class concept for a serious artist. no, no morality. and no boundaries at all. it can't be, he's completely free inside of my work, i repeat another thing. did he want to blow up. well, nastya says that he wanted to have a conscious marketing calculation that the american market is cultural and mass-cultural . in general, it is impossible to get into the english-speaking market, and in order to sound there, you just need to blow it up endlessly. everything is around, otherwise you are simply invisible. i think that you can compare limonov, for example, and there is there is such a topic. yes, i also wanted to blow it up. and through what we russian writer likes to blow up through erotica. we are well, we understand in our culture, what is erotica? there is just, uh, a theory that was, as it were, put forward back

there in the sixties, yes, uh, by an american professor of thrilling, that nabokov just writes in a long tradition, huh? about love, he calls it pashin love that is, it is passionate love, and he takes it away. eh, how would the sources of this in general be to medieval literature to the troubadours, who sang such love, and it was always love outside of society. it was always love the opposite of love in a marriage of some kind of normal relationship. and it has always been tragically always tragically ends love is impossible love, and this is real passionate love. and this is what he traces, as it were, the evolution of this kind of genre of the yes genre through literature and in the 19th century the culmination of this is the adultery novel. and this is flabe. this is tolstoy, she is karenina there, believe me, and so on. she says the way

lolita is mentioned. yes, of course, of course . because nabokov deliberately plays with all these traditions. he knows perfectly well what he fits into. well, by the twentieth century, of course. when he writes lolita adelter no longer shocks anyone. lolita is the modern anna karenina in a sense, it seems to me that there are a lot of parallels, one can draw, but first of all, this is it, this is the genre, but about forbidden love, it seems to you that andrey's impossible love, lolita - is it a romance, love, or something else. here nastya said pesh for me we write, that is, passion love love and passion. lafa is three different concepts. here for me , as for a person who thinks that he knows the literary russian language, not only you think that you know the language of love no, there in lolita it is impossible to have a relationship that is full-fledged between a 12 year old girl and an adult man. this is, firstly, and secondly, from a moral point of view, this is a mesoalliance.

a pure misoliant, because it is a us dollar, a bourgeois, she is spiritually far away, and he describes her from the main character nabokov as a bright representative. that's it bourgeois middle class, but she loves movies, not sorry, it's not the only one. he has such a heroine, he has many such. look at the final. he goes to this dolores e, lolita once run away from him. yes, he finds her after 3 years. and she has grown up. she is pregnant. she 's living in some dirty hole with some just worker, and he'll see that her beauty has faded. she ceased to be not an infertian, that is, she ceased to correspond to his framework , let's say, erotic interests, and nevertheless. he writes that he loves her and you want her to be with him, that is, he is ready to transcend these boundaries.

isn't this proof of love after all? rather, he experiences at this moment when he says that he loves he feels for her. well, as if nostalgic feelings are such a comrade of a former comrade. well, how can she leave him in the final scene, it is very touching that he comes to her. he she returned to where he took her to the world of the inhabitants. he may be nostalgic for the days when he was obsessed with her. well , again, he can’t enter into spiritual union with her, because he didn’t exist, and about mania. well, listen to this governor. he married her mother, who hated the fact that i'm here for the letter erotica. i have not been able to figure it out. what women strove gave birth to nabokov , despite the fact that he had one wife. here she had some kind of masha described.

it means that she is tender in the first novel, he has a lot of women, bourgeois class is boring, and petty-bourgeois, not interesting, shallow, they pass from novel to novel and his girls are the same, but for some reason he describes them. and there is a contrast between europe and old europe , because gumbiart is french yes, half french is half swiss, and that is why he is so pompous and, in general, this justifies the fact that he knows some american cultural codes poorly and, uh, this is lolita who loves. uh, movie stars, fashion magazines, and above that , she can't jump, but still, she 's a typical american. and if there are some complex relations between europe and america in this novel. well, the novel is built on the confrontation, of course, of these two worlds , as it were, old measures and new measures, and this is built on the language, that is, this high steam room and the language of the governor and slang, and lolita and she. oh,

boy, there are three three and a half words in it. yes, yes, though, how should we remember that we hear lolita only through humbert's words. we never hear her voice, that is, her image, as it were, like a philistine. first of all, she's 12 years old, yeah, sort of, what we expect from a teenager, sort of, her interests are quite normal. in fact, nabokov considered this his love letter to america , and he was very worried when he was accused of being a parody there, that he was something of snobbery, and so on, more than when he was accused of pornography. and that is, er for him, this was chanting in fact. here she rode almost all states of america and. eh, so that's all he wrote. he wrote down everything he heard. there are some words at the gas stations and so on. it was very important for him to catch this one, and from the middle of the world he describes the middle world of america

that he wanted . there places are shown as vulgar, as uh the surface is superficial. yes , the capital of this region is called the most proud bird of prey. i am friends in the oryol region. how many rings do you need to sniff a chain mail shirt about 10,000 and that's it. this is done manually. can i learn how to massage a horse with an unusual horse, i have not done a massage yet. yes, right now, at the moment when the gosling himself cannot get out neatly , the main chips help him a little. this is more dirt more emotions. its premiere sunday at first

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