in the thirties he was the main viewer of soviet cinema, and practically everything that was done in soviet studios. he looked. uh, edited the script, changed the title, removed the directors, and so on. and this film, although hmm , he had other concerns later on, he moved away from , let's say, often watching a movie. and he really edited this film and, for example, cleaned it. uh, too wordy. here 's the voice-over. even here it was noticeable that we hear more brown music. yes, we are watching. in fact, we see these cadres than they tell us something, and this, of course, was one of the reasons. why this movie was so successful so popular it was shown while sold to america. there's truth in the refurbished versions for american rentals, to other titles, but this film won an oscar, that is, and was awarded, of course, to the masters of cinematography, because they really are. what

is happening and in general in the american box office in the forties, soviet films suddenly appear , within the framework of this allied one, and the allied commonwealth of solidarity we are playing some american films. uh, the soviets are coming to america. true, some films. there's even enough. eh, smart insightful. uh, critics can’t fully accept , let’s say the film rainbow, which shoots margan, and he seems to be a critic in new york too naturalistic , too much, well, somehow it’s such a direct meat , such a tragedy, crushing a child there with a tank. why do they do it? why does it show this? can't be. yes? the main thing here is the american rules. maybe they can't understand? how does it feel inside here countries, although this film was filmed in ashgabat they shoot winter in raduga, the ukrainian village

is absolutely such snowdrifts. how did they do it? we still do not know for sure, because , unfortunately, the archives of the ashgabat studio in the post-war years. died due to an earthquake. yes, we don't have enough materials, but the fact that it was possible is actually some kind of incredible feat. well, i must say that this is part of a very big story called the movie in the evacuation. yes, because all these large ones are in the studio of the country, which are located on its western part and are being evacuated. yes, well, average asia in the caucasus yes, first of all, mosfilm, which is regulated in central asia in almaty or the film is not so lucky, but the echelons in which the equipment was loaded remain in besieged leningrad and, in fact, they simply stand there until the end of the war practically. yes , some things are gradually beginning to be transferred by planes. on this first blockade winter, the echelons were all loaded at a frantic pace. they loaded it all, in the summer, yes, but

the ring closed too quickly and the classics of leningrad cinema were already taken out to the mainland by planes. i'm right i understand that this is the real story of this central film studio, which is being formed in alma-ata. in general, this has not yet been written , and the main thing that we know about it today is that it was filmed there in absolutely difficult conditions of shortages. total firewood lighting is one of the major masterpieces. e of those years of soviet cinema, a film from eisenstein ivan the terrible well, yes, this, of course, is the largest project, as they would say now, but the central united film studios, because it was launched before the war in the winter of forty-one years and summer forty. the first one is not very clear. is it necessary to continue making a film about ivan the terrible? but this is an order from above. yes, it was transmitted data from eisenstein and zendenstein ask bolshakov for the head of the film industry. but is it necessary to continue? yes, they tell him, right? it is necessary, but when

the moscow echelon arrives this type for 2 weeks, they traveled to almaty. yes, there are constant stops . lyubov orlova draws water into the kettle and so on. ah. immediately they chop wood at these substations, and when they reach almaty, they understand that, in general, the city is not adapted to living in such a number of racists, there is absolutely nowhere to settle, and under normal conditions, shooting and they begin to shoot more or less only in the forty-third year in alma-ata, and nevertheless, ivan the terrible needs to be done moreover, and einstein is very interested in, is it necessary to add these modern ones there, as well as in alexander nevsky, but details? yes, let's say, is it necessary to develop a line of cooperation, and the correspondence of ivan the terrible with elizabeth the first of england? yes, at this moment he needs. with

she is often far away from her superiors, and at this moment england is important to us now, we need to show it on the screen and they say, show it, but not very much. yes, even unique shots have been preserved, where mikhail ilyicharon, but plays the role of the english queen. this is very funny in itself. yes, mikhail rom tried on an english rose, very similar to famous portraits, but unfortunately, yes, we only have samples, and this piece was included in the first series of ivan the terrible, where the terrible sends his ambassador to england to my sister it means that our sweetness is kind to elizabeth yes on these abrasive. and from niš, as to the ships

of her aglian sea, the baltic, bypassing the white sea for us to sail the germans of the levonians , outwitting it is clear that these are not just historical details. although we know that the historical ivan corresponded with the historical elizabeth, but here there is a clear reference to the present, and these references can be found in wartime films quite unexpectedly, but, let's say the film koschey the immortal comes out well, it seems like a fairy tale. yes, but koschey , who is played by our favorite baba yaga, georgy millar. he's like, uh, a skeleton that's kind of warlike too. he has some kind of hat, some kind of iron helmet, which makes him some kind of also a knight

of the livonian order, and by analogy, it turns out that he is also some kind of quite a hitler and uh, these references they appear and consciously not consciously, because everyone is very interested. and what does the audience need, and how does one of the historians write in cinema? modern voleifamin in the very first day war, the first thing that went into the furnace was the secret plans that filmmakers in case the war broke out, because it was so sudden that all these plans could no longer be carried out, it was necessary to come up with completely new ones. how do you get out of this? what kind of plots do you invent with plots, in general, it was very difficult, because a wants to be closer to what is happening at the front. i would like, uh, to show the truth to the audience, but the filmmakers are in the deep rear. one of those who was really looking for on the set, apparently some kind of material visual embodiment

of the image of war. it was just mark donskoy, yes about the rainbow, which today did not speak, which struck americans with its naturalism. generally. she is still amazed. that's exactly its own level. hmm magnetic cruelty on the screen. yes , they didn’t do that then, then later, 20 years later, when tarkovsky would be filmed by andrei rublev in the soviet well, how would it be to return to this aesthetics of cruelty again. yes, ivan's childhood. but then it was absolutely a challenge. i think that he deliberately made marganskaya in order to hook soviet viewers and not by chance, but when this film was seen in italy is considered, as the legend says, he largely influenced the formation of italian neo-rezma, there is a trend in italian cinema that arose last year. and as a matter of fact, the second world war and e, which then influenced absolutely the entire world cinema. yes, when a movie is shot not in a pavilion, but somewhere in nature, when we see

real life on the screen, because it is impossible to create a life pavilion. we see ruined cities. ruins, we no longer see actors very often, but simply sitters or extras, as it were, who are graphic themselves. yourself and everything. this also partly goes, just maybe from ragedov's. although, of course , they played at the donskoy. mostly the actors except for children, yes, and we know, for example, the films themselves are not realism. the children played themselves. one of the girls who appear on the screen in raduga grew up as a costume designer and continues to work as a custodian of the museum's costume funds, but mrf on malaya is a wonderful witness to the era, a wonderful storyteller, absolutely amazing. we have a rainbow fragment. the most final. let me wait for fate pulse. they will drink her father to the last drop. eh , women, one of them will die now , win a big prize no, no, no, let them wait before

their women and their own children renounce them. let them say, no, they weren't ours. let the people answer before the court for our grief and torment. let the wrath of the people go on their heads and their land will not accept the damned. it's pretty hard to show a rainbow on the screen, but it worked out nonetheless. i remind you that this is a podcast of witnesses of eisenstein a in which we talk about why and how

watch obscure and famous films. what did the viewer want to watch, what did the viewer, but fell in love with immediately and forever. who nevertheless managed to make such films, including at the centrally united film studio, and these were films that in some way related to the war. sometimes it was about those who are waiting, let's say already from the front, as in the film. wait for me just according to simonov's script based on simon's driving poem or like in the movie two soldiers. and here there is no longer any posterity that was in combat on collections. and there is just a very subtly very calm game directing, in some places, for example, in the film two soldiers, when the soviet troops appear , even then. in the fat of colleagues in the newspapers, well, somehow ours appear and the germans immediately all

fall in piles there. well, a little naive. it’s clear that you want to understand the fighting spirit, yes, well, well, even colleagues see that they don’t, but when the scenes appear more intimate, more so human sincere. yes, they can be, by the way, just like in rainbow a expressive, and can be very, very calm, as in the two fighters there. e. sasha meets a girl arcadia in leningrad. he tries to help. they quarrel, then the word “you mix” is built on some kind of friendly contacts we don’t recognize. there, what kind of fighters they are by and large. no , we know that they are beautiful by default, but the main one of us what kind of people, yes, yes, and how do they hold on to this friendship, yes, they have it. here is another fighting partnership. and, of course, everyone immediately remembered this film for its songs. nikita gazgoslovsky wrote two masterpieces. in general. soviet e, the cinema of pop song music is scows full of mullet and

dark night, and it so happened that the song dark night could not be there at all in this one, but in this dugout, a dugout that flows right there almost on the screen is raining. yes, very quietly at night, mark bernes , who plays arkady with a guitar, fills this song and uh, as we know from the memoirs from the works of historians. uh, there was supposed to be a scene with writing and reading letters, and leonid, the crafty director, didn’t succeed in any way. well something didn’t work out, and then they suddenly thought, or maybe a song. bogoslovsky immediately made the melody, vladimir agapov immediately wrote the text, here is this dark night. yes , this is a favorite knowledge you do not sleep. eh, almost at night they raised da erness and he sang. only bullet wires. the stars twinkle

in the dark night you, my beloved, do not sleep, and secretly at the children's bed. are you rubbing tears? the most offensive thing for this film is that before the release , nikita bogoslovsky gave the text and music to him, and he managed to record it and at first everyone heard the utesov version, however, burnes's version won anyway, despite the fact that it seemed to some that, well, it was somehow petty a little bit vulgar, especially this is such a thin line on which everyone tried to stay. ah,

what we are filming about, how serious it is, how much it helps the front. is it possible to make comedies for the front? yes, roughly speaking, is it necessary here and here is a wonderful neutralberg, which was just one of the creators of maxim's trilogy. maxim in the thirties makes the same film in almaty, which is called an actress. this is an operetta artist, who goes to the rear, works in the theater there, but lives with a woman who talks all the time, but there my son is at war, and you sing songs here. and the actress leaves the theater and goes to work as a nurse in a hospital. well , of course, there he meets this military son of this very woman. she doesn't really know at first what it is, let's see, yes, the bass in the artillery must go. so what, so again you will drink for her after the war. that's great. you know what i will advise you. here go to any theater and in the evening before the start.

announce that the performance is postponed until the end of the war, because we sagafill kineshma believe that 5-50 is not the time now. let's see what the public will do with you then, especially the military. what can i say to you when we don't understand a damn thing about art? i don't understand anything. only i want to say, obviously not very tasty. do you understand? i do not understand, but i love art. here we are the military themselves, as it were, they say, no, your art. we need again quite a shame that when the movie came out it would seem that everything is so correct, how and how it should be scolded in the newspapers. well, finally we get to our podcast - this is a film that was created by the besieged leningrad , nathan's film or notes mistress. e, about which we know from the memoirs that are still in the museum of cinema and theater in lithuania, this has not yet

been published, but we looked through these memoirs . and now we can tell something, but the main problem is that the film is still its only copy of the state lumofond of the germans, even and nowhere in it is impossible to look at it on the internet. obviously moisture. a chronicle is filmed there in leningrad, of course, cameramen remain there. the film remains there, and we know that the film lived and was a girl who has already been released, and after the end of the blockade, it was partially filmed, until the full one was removed. yes, the blockade was very important for the director vladimir and symont to show exactly the shots. here is this same half-a-way still leningrad

. and once upon a time there was a girl who has been filming for the past forty -third year. and what is happening in leningrad in forty-one-forty-two, and there a recent student of sergei eisenstein, who arrived literally in the summer of forty-one from minsk, ended up in leningrad and, in the fall of forty-one, he read a note in the newspaper about how the girls sent mittens to the front and wrote on them to the bravest. and so he began to think. and how can you make some kind of plot out of this, uh, they began to write the script, and

they wrote it in the fall, just forty-one and in the spring of forty-two. it was only in november that the road of life opened, they went to shoot on ladoga with real sailors, and with actors from leningrad this film. overall, uh, hmm, such was the positive attitude towards the film. but you see, nevsky looked at it back in leningrad and they began to show it there. that is, this is not such a short meter, but an average one. not an incomplete meter, yes, and it is such an unplanned, unauthorized, not forbidden. it remained so. eh, of course, it was incredible to shoot it, it’s difficult for a lover to remember that one of the assemblers, for example, died under fire. yes, and it was done. here between the release of incendiary bombs with the roof of lenfilm and so further, and this is a real feat, about which for some reason the same film historians forgot. why is it worth watching today, and films made during the great patriotic war.

well, because it is primarily anthropological evidence. i think yes, but it shows people of those years who live in unimagined circumstances. that's the life of the actors in no way after many years, and as people who really experienced it all on their own experience, and it was a podcast of witnesses from einstein, which seems to be clear neslansky is my colleague. natalia ryabchikova we talk about little-known or well-known soviet films within. such a school of moviegoers who teaches how to enjoy the forgotten or famous films of the soviet period? thank you bye. hello, my name is alexei varlamov, i am a writer and rector

of the gorky literary institute, this is a podcast life is wonderful and today we will talk about a wonderful writer, prose writer, assistant professor of the department of literary skill of the literary institute. andrey valerievich andrey valerievich gelasimov, a well-known writer, author of many romanov stories by e. tale thirst a steppe gods, a year of deceit a and the topic of our today's conversation with andrei valerievich. this is literature about the great patriotic war echo of the great war , the generation of people who fought has practically passed away and all the books that could not be written have already been written. and the theme of the great war has not left our lives. why do you think? it will be for a very long time, firstly, uh, because not much time has passed, and secondly, literature needs

really large time layers for the realization of such large-scale events. well, let's just remember that leo nikolayevich tolstoy wrote about the great war of 1812 more than half a century later, and he did not relate and did not participate in any way because of his age, but nevertheless it was very important for him, uh, to try to analyze . what happened to the people, first of all, and to their country, and at the time of the great threat and these dramatic times, of course, writers will always be interested in another matter, that the look of a contemporary and accomplice of events. it is very different from this attempt at analysis after, say, half a century or even 70 years. and why do you think it happened? the question is often asked why war and peace was not written about the great patriotic war, and why so many

books written by participants in this war did not appear about the war of 12 years. how much has been written about the great patriotic war why is the situation exactly the opposite here, but more is written, but simply due to the fact that culture has changed, the cultural code has changed and there are simply writing people more literature in the 19th century. you know this very well, after all, it was the lot of aristocratic circles in the 20th century. everything happened, uh, in a completely different mode , firstly, and the education system changed , more literate people appeared, and lightened by culture and writers, so i think the participants in the great patriotic war wrote more than the participants in the patriotic war. goda what are your favorite books ? vasily bykov was very important to me and boris vasiliev remains. and the dawns here are quiet and not even thanks to the wonderful film. and in fact, the most powerful request of this wonderful story. i once read an article by such a karelian writer from petrozavodsk, in my opinion, his

name was dmitry gusarov, also a writer and participant in the great patriotic war. and it was such a very harsh critical article against the story of boris vasiliev, the meaning , which was that he invented everything , there was no such girls , anti-aircraft gunners, it was impossible there in karelia. the situation that i wrote and i must say that i willingly believe that it may not have happened. well, this does not beg the dignity of this story at all. she's still great. yes, yes, and here a very interesting topic arises, that there is such a truth about the war. eh, that's literally documentary and there is still the artist's right to fiction. actually. leo nikolayevich tolstoy, too, and they reproached and they said. that was not the case and napoleon was not like that kutuzov was not like that and the battle of borodino was not like that, but we perceive it this way through literature and boris vasilyev still don’t even compare war and peace and the azuri here is quiet, but it has become so nonetheless. this is the key book in our minds in our understanding of war, and i think

it's a very, uh, important topic. in her. after all, there is alexei nikolayevich in this story, the most important thing that is not a scientist is obviously this critic you are talking about, and in it there is a story about the act of people and actions that, in fact, are a feat when they sacrifice their lives, uh, are being some battles of local importance were reported. yes, and vasily plays. i think it's very important a contract that is afraid of local significance, but life is one and these girls and the foreman of the vasques are doing the incredible. well, yes, probably, the girls would not be able to resist, the girls of the anti-aircraft gunners, would not be able to resist. uh, carefully trained uh, saboteurs from the troops. ss probably not, yes to the paratroopers, but this one, yes, it looks implausible, but this counterpoint, that such things are done in incredible circumstances, and he works in this one in this

story and when the vaskov, in the end, catching these survivors the nazis, he says, to them. there he calls the number i don't remember exactly. let's say there are seven girls. i had seven. but you didn’t pass, this is a replica monumentally agree. that's for this. actually. i am sure that the whole thing was written for the sake of this remark, and it is extremely important, because , well, it is important, yes, the message is about a feat, and the feats of a personal e are a small person that does not mean there from the point of view of a big war. just an ordinary, and here in this case there are also women, which, it seems to me, gives even more colossal meanings, that is, a woman in the war - this is still generally separate. story. yes, after all, by the way, it’s very interesting that , uh, did you notice in the soviet military request of the 20th century there is almost no pacifism, despite the fact that it’s more of a western european literary tradition when they write about the war, the topic of pacifism is very important. we

really have a theme of heroism, and not because the communist party ordered so. and not because the censorship didn’t let something through there, some pacifist notes, pacifist themes were there of his okudzhava of his same leave his wonderful books and wonderful authors, but still, it was the feat of vasily bykov bondarev and konstantin vorobyov whom i love very much and who was not very recognized by the regional soviet authorities, but still this topic of feat. she really ended up in that central literature, you know, it's connected with consciousness. occurring events with awareness on a personal level and the authors and heroes of these books, because if we, for example, take a look at remarque's book all quiet on the western front, then yes. we see, but one very important detail. there, one of the characters speaks in another. and i'm a meaningless soldier. i generally say, nobody i'm just a laborer and a rifle. and if you remember during the first

world war. uh, this is the western front. it was a confrontation between germany and france for 3 years. they really were in the same place. frank did not move in either direction, practically arose from here. it is natural to think that all this is absurd, that this is just a meat grinder that turns people over in one place. unclear for some purpose. that's what was important for mark, in our own war in the great patriotic war there is another topic, it completely arises, firstly, the topic of overcoming the enemy who came to your land. behaving inhumanly there from humanistic points of view yes positions, firstly, in the first world war. the same remarque did not wage war with civilians. it has scenes where the german soldiers run away. just having fun with french girls there. yes, they have fun with a scarf, then it returns, and we can’t compare it. we have it can’t be like this, so that means the german soldiers had fun there, went with

the girls with russian gallows. that is, well, there will be a lot of questions, yes, russian girls, somehow i don’t think that german soldiers were very welcomed by a separate case, perhaps there are, but like this, to say, it’s like a typical no, but there was a clear understanding of the enemies , and therefore, after this , the enemies, then, therefore, overcoming the enemy. enemy. must be expelled. he's terribly terribly dangerous. and i think this realization distinguished, uh, russian soldiers from the soldiers of the first world war war, therefore notes of pacifism. uh, we simply could not have an existing remarque. okay, but this is still literature of the 20th century. and let's focus on what is happening in the twenty-first century right here from my point of view. eh, well, i would name several large interesting bright works and still i would start with a book by a writer who was in the war, and who managed to write this book. this is such a legendary, and the russian soviet writer is a patriarch, as soviet

literature would say, and daniil granin danil granin whom we know very well from his novels, devoted there to the scientific and technological revolution , social topics, historical topics. there conversations with peter or evenings with peter the great bison. yes, timothy or saudi, i’m going into a thunderstorm, of course, and somehow i didn’t even keep in my head that in fact i fought the brink and suddenly at the very end of my life. this man writes a novel, not even a novel hang a small one, but a war story called my lieutenant. i will honestly tell you andrey valeryevich when i was reading stupidity and caught myself thinking. what were you before? didn't write about it? danila alexandrovich yes , this is much more interesting than evenings. with peter the great. this book struck me as fresh. he wrote that he was over 90 years old. yes. e, with your own personal view, personal attitudes towards the war, then this is a very important topic, uh, oh, which was also written a lot in the cadda of leningrad, uh, the battle for leningrad. that's how it started? how

the blockade was established, this is such a sincere first-person written, in my opinion, an absolutely wonderful young narrative full of energy. here i really i think. what it is? well, the truth is a very striking phenomenon in russian literature, by the way, it was not by chance that granen received the big book prize. if we talk about the freshness, by the way, of this text, but hmm, it’s very curious. here is the initiation of the text, how it starts in general in a conversation about the war, when we watch films about the great patriotic war or read, and the book, uh, is one of the most important moments is a description of how the hero receives information about the beginning of the war, that is , here is the initiation of yes events, and here i was surprised by the scene, how the hero really receives uh, it is knowledge, and it is told in an erotic context. if you remember. yes , of course, he meets a beautiful young girl. uh, sunday means a wonderful sunny day. they

are moving away somewhere into the woods, which means, and he says, that my intentions were far from restrained. that's why they go further into the forest, and he and i understood why we were going there, and she understood that i understand, which means that's all. it takes place in such a structure in nature, and suddenly, it means that some voice steps remain. something is coming, these jump up frightened the lieutenant comes up, and he doesn’t pay much attention to them, which means that he simply, says you can’t leave here faster, which means that some soldiers are running with them. they are already pulling some lines of communication. and this very strong junction gives rise to such a contrast, yes, a transition, when the hero has not yet understood. we said that we were riding back in the train, and we were laughing, and everyone was already talking about the war, and i still didn’t understand anything. this beautiful transition has been made. for me, in a very new way, i have read a lot of books about the war here on the edge. surprised me really fresh look, how strange and absurd great things happen to us,

which can no longer be changed. that's what he managed to create here, how to write or this, of course, for the patriarch of literature until the 90-year-old author, of course, this is a great achievement, very cool. very humanly, very much so, she is personally written despite the fact that, as it were, she is on an epic scale. unfortunately it is not very big. so i'm saying why i'm sorry that he took her late. it's really there. well, let not war and peace, but some book, in which is the penetration of war and peace , these two different states, but the then. soviet society, he could but show, but due to the fact that he made it necessary to say to him, thank you very much. and for our viewers, yes , this book, if anyone has not read it, be sure to recommend reading it. magic night scarlet sails 2023 live broadcast from

st . by the way, speaking here it is about leningrad that i would name a writer and a book that may not be directly related to the war, and the author eduard kochergin is wonderful, and the artist at the bolshoi drama theater, by the way, the book is called baptized with crosses. this is his personal story. autobiographical book. about his childhood, how his child was taken out of besieged leningrad and his childhood in orphanages. this military couple is described. and that's what surprised me about this book. and by the way, in the performance, which was staged in the bdt, this is how he describes the summer of the forty-fifth year,

when they return here are our soldiers, our officers, our soldiers returning home, and how they are greeted. this is a huge trans-siberian road. he is somewhere at the moment. in siberia, on the contrary, he makes his way from the orphanage in the opposite direction and returns to his place in leningrad, and now he sees these people, how he comes to these huge stations, the junction stations come. uh, women come as wives and someone comes with a whole husband, and someone comes with husbands, mutilated disabled people. this is the bitter side of the war, and this boy himself, who travels with these soldiers, but those who draw a profile for them out of wire, he makes, and the profile of stalin , this is the atmosphere of time. it is really conveyed in this book. wonderful and great. and it seems to me that this is also such an important facet of military prose. e to convey even that's not military. it is precisely what is seen through the eyes of a child that is seen through the eyes of a teenager that he can remember the faces of the voice of the character.