uh, well, in order to restore our energy resources. and when you run and run faster and faster, uh, the body turns on other so-called anaerobic mechanisms. we are already starting. there is already an acid-free kind. there, there is no time to split your reserves and somehow provide you with energy. at this time, the composition of the exhaled air changes. therefore, you ran in a mask, because it is important for us at what point this number will increase. well, yes, and besides , the level of lactic acid in the blood changes. hmm. why would you do a test on uh, well, on the level lactate, because just how much you have gone into these anaerobic mechanisms, the more lactate you have accumulated and, accordingly, we can say that e in weightlessness. by the way, what results have we got from prevention and because you are running here in m-m in active mode even when you are running. 15 km / h mode on the treadmill, that is,

when the treadmill runs by itself, it works with the motor, because we have two active modes and thanks, the active treadmill runs by itself. we roughly accompany her yes running, well as conventional fitness. e hall. but, uh, passively. this is when the treadmill is standing and we need to push it with the efforts of our legs. yes, and i just wanted to say that there is one cosmonaut who, during the entire flight, ran only in the passive. yes, and uh, i must say that uh, this is an astronaut who used to fly on the world, and he says that i know that it definitely works. and i'll be better i'll train like that. and it’s probably already me. well, i ’ll come later, therefore, here are the results of the prevention experiment such that we still need to include in the test also

passive mode. that is, now we have even worked out a new one on the ground. uh, new test protocol. for us, now the main thing is to take tests for long-distance flights, because uh, when we u assume that we will be on the surface of mars, for example, yes, we must land during the flight. uh, to evaluate the performance and predict whether this crew member is ready for the exit and what needs to be corrected? e, do we need e, well, i don’t know how to change the training, or maybe even choose from the crew members. this one can go to mars and this one it's better to let him stay hmm in the ship, because uh, as it is now, according to modern scenarios, it is very important. as far as hmm these first hours are the first hours you get. well, the person will go to the surface. mars, to what extent he will have a level of efficiency, to what extent he will be able to perform all these workers. walkie-talkies are therefore from a banal landing. yes, this

lander, which will have to be controlled by someone. yes, i think that the exit to the surface will begin to work as soon as possible. yes, you need some batteries. will include. all this was discussed, that this is literally a matter of the first hours. that is why we are now a constellation and are doing an experiment. what kind of experiment is this constellation experiment, which was generally conceived even then krikalev was. uh, the head of the center and boris ivanovich kryuchkov with him and boris on hand. that is, it turns out two cosmonauts, and scientists came up with this experiment in a spacesuit with a signboard, we are doing lunar and martian. well now understandable lunar. mostly suspended and due to the suspension, gravity is done yes, and we look work steps that you can perform. uh, right after the flight. that is the astronaut. after half a year of flight, arriving

literally there the next day. yes, the suit comes in and starts doing this experiment. plus, there is also a centrifuge, that is, they drive him under the front ones . yes, they check how he reacts . yes and the next stage is a helicopter flight , namely landing. and in general, i think it's very interesting for us and they do too. they have hmm such an experiment, leaving capsules, well they have capsules. it’s just that they are building such a structure, as if it were a mock-up capsule, and based on these experiments, they also determine what strength a person should have in order to be able to perform a work operation, but now i was in houston, they didn’t bring this structure. i, naturally. i want to try. well, they all fell apart, even under me everything fell apart. well, they will probably refine it,

but i think that we have made it more interesting, because we have it all right somehow. yes, of course it's not easy. well i understand hmm the need for such an experiment, it is the future. yes, therefore, of course, we are doing this, it is very important that we, uh, petya dubrov did all this. you after a six-month flight. i flew over you for a year, and it was the first flight. actually it was everything. well, i would say we didn't really know. uh, how can he or not. for me. it was a complete delight that after a year he completed everything that he did and the constellation, and he completed the prophylaxis in a week. consider, after an annual flight, a person ran 15 km / h along the path. i think that it is the best indicator is that we are good at him, that you really observed him correctly and gave good recommendations to him. we continue the conversation about the experiment that cosmonauts selena fomina is putting on us. and

at what stage do you connect to the cosmonaut during his training, first, the training center selected you, and prepares you, then at some point specialists from the institute arrive to conduct tests. here, in particular, the tests inside, which are regular, even. if there is no experiment. we still do this one here is a test to evaluate the performance of a race on a treadmill during the flight . yes, watch for 11 minutes. hey, how is our body? yes, i have already presented the system. yes, so far, of course, we are only looking at the heart, but i must say that the americans are going to ensure that gas analysis turns out to be done only in an experiment. and they already have it regularly during the flight. they're on a velo meter not on the tracks they do, but they do with gas analysis. e. this is also very valuable information. here it turns out what to drink we will return to retirement. yes, after

a year-long flight, he was able to complete the entire constellation plus. uh, in flight. in prophylaxis, we arranged for him such a regimen that no one had ever done before for two weeks. he didn’t run on the track, he only had a bike and only a weight machine and, to be honest, when i reported there were people who said, no, this is dangerous. i say, well, a one-year flight. yes, we will have time to restore it, then we will try nothing here in this sense, of course, petya well done that he agreed everything went well and he, in general, it turned out that our performance has not decreased so much and it turns out that we now understand whether we can during, for example, a flight to mars, but you are tired all the time of the same choice, it’s not so big, that is, the road is great . that is, it turns out that you can, well, for 10 days, for example, not do it and you can rest during this time, and then with pleasure run again on

the track, but that was all, there were some regular situations. thank god it 's not. i think we are working to everything was normal, in general, the experiments were carried out regularly. well, it happens, well, you probably know yourself who we have some kind of contact? no, yes, this is a periodically treadmill, and and here i am on zhora well, of course, the american powerhouse, it is always always controlled. eh, at some point. well, if something breaks, of course , by the way, they have now done it. so protocols will be directly loaded. we are in the initial simulator and we are fighting for it to be the same for our cosmonauts, so that you work in the same mode as the astronauts, so that all the protocols were automatically loaded from the ground. well, then there is a program, as engaged in automatically received information. how many did and so on in time by

weight and so on. well, you know, we write letters to you every week and analyze how we did it, where we did freebies, where we, on the contrary, did a lot, but you know what a dream we have. we want here is one of the experiments that i want to do is called a virtual trainer. the point is that we will analyze how the state of e physiological systems changes in response to the load after the training influences determined there and with the help of artificial intelligence, so that this virtual trainer will give you the next training program, so that you well, now we will redo it together with mathematics and analyze it. how did they work for three days and how is the next 3 days, how should you train? well, while it's at the beginning of the journey, but i hope we made it. i know that you are well from you. at least it depends on your department's clearance. uh, on a spacewalk. eh? before my exits and i gave up

tests. here are what tests and how do you conduct them? well, uh, it's not just me, we have a lot of people there , everyone answers, because to me, shipboard activity is probably, well, such an operation that is very responsible and, of course, everyone is in it. eh, they are very sensitive about the exit. here is this test for manual ergometry, when a person does not perform with his feet, pedals with his hands on a bicycle. we must evaluate the strength of the hands, because during the ship's activities. you basically hold on with your hands. yes and now it's good that we still have a power simulator , can i? with the help of a power simulator, you can also train your hands, respectively, so that you are ready for non-working activities, but this test, uh, manual velo-orgometry, the so-called mo-6, which we have in a regular test, just the results of this test are the basis, what we allow, well, we sign the conclusion, permission to leave

or not permission, but in my practice it never happened to any astronaut. so, according to the results of the test, they said, we still need to practice. and take another test. this it happened that way, but it never happened so that someone would endure the exit there, thank god we are all fine with ours. ah. i had to work, uh, with american astronauts. yes, i even have the first uh, uh, so to speak. first time. i went. eh, starry. it was gena podolko and michael bard. that is, it turns out that i immediately saw both the astronauts and the country in secret together, then they were going to fly, but also about foreign strantsev, and i remember telling you when i was in japan i met with your brother and you get space with space brother. yes, she came to japan, he says, you are our anton a drop different. you know, i know. he's my

brother. so you are my sister. it is clear we are related to you perfectly. now we do. e movement. uh, towards our new e russian orbital station grew. e, naturally, experiments are being laid that will be carried out in order to make the interior. well, i don't know, uh, the equipment it's for experiments. what kind of experiments will be at our new station? i want the simulators to be better in accordance with our level of modern technology. plus, of course, experiments. i want those same shoes. for example, i wish it wasn't just uh, walking or running. but just running, for example, on the grass or running there on a rug, so that it was completely different sensations, it can be added virtual reality, so that you turn up and down, so that you don’t just run and watch a movie, so that it seems to you that you are running, for example , in your park, in some city,

which you, yes. oh well, now there are such ideas, and anyway, of course, on prevention there will also be experiments, but there is another peculiarity we are approaching. in general, to what will happen in interplanetary flights, and this is the scientific value of such a station, that it will be in it differently than iss a through e orbit through the poles. well, just two lenas will dream up what a person will do in 50 years in space. in general, i am such a person that i actually think that the moon will have already been mastered by this time, there will be space settlements there at that time. and i think that from the moon they will start already and further, uh, ships towards mars and maybe they will still find life somewhere and it turns out that not only mars but even further away we will have it. even now, next year it will be. such a symposium is called, at which i conceived a section e,

an interdisciplinary one, i invited physicists , i invited architects so that we could look from all sides, it turns out that biologists will say their own. uh, the doctors will say theirs , architects should think about what these houses will be on the moon. um, how do we hide from the radiation? how can we live in conditions of reduced gravity, but physicists will tell us, what is there in particular? there is also such a factor as a non-magnetic medium, that is, a reduced magnetic field. uh, we still have to understand how dangerous this is for humans. this is the state of the institution. now he is quite actively engaged in this, while we will study this issue. yes, unfortunately questions. this open our program has come to an end. today my guest was doctor of biological sciences professor elena valentinovna fomina head of the department of physiology, gravitational stability of man, an excellent specialist and person. i

anton shlapper. it was a podcast of space stories. hello with you, the schlettinger code podcast, and i am its lead editor-in-chief of a popular science magazine with the same name schrödinger's cat and my co-host cat, he is not schrödinger's cat, he is my name, his name is bari, he will help and morally support me yes, barium and we have a wonderful guest sergey kut sverchkov pilot cosmonaut hero of russia and in general a person whom i envy from the moment we met. i often admit. here you are, you are 10 years younger than me. and yet you are successful fly to the iss to go into outer space.

after all, i tried it for more than 6 hours, yes, 6 hours 47 minutes. after that, fly to the antarda, and live there in a tent. in general, you can already do an adventure book in search of a meteorite. i can’t say that i’m the only person who works precisely in science and goes to some extreme places in order to move science. oh , let's not say, after all, there are not so many people on our planet with 8 billion who were in space and in antarctica well, probably, yes, i agree in childhood. you dreamed about it such is the fate that i will be like a polar explorer minus 35 antarctica and then into space in a spacesuit, i look at the earth. that's how virginity is. no, in childhood, no, uh, all the boys now and uh, then uh, in my childhood they dreamed and dreamed of being some kind of superheroes

little, because all the boys dream of saving the world. and when i was a child, i dreamed of being myself the most ordinary fireman superhero who performs feats every day and saves people, but over time , the dream transformed and i was already at the conscious age of the university, and i i thought about the professions of an astronaut and i did it. and go into space and get ready, eh, but as for antarctica , i mean, our polar explorers, uh, employees of the antarctic stations and the arctic stations. eh, they are really very close in both spirit and uh, the way of activity, probably, of the astronauts, as you now define for yourself, the purpose of your work. that's why it was necessary to fly into space, why it was necessary to say meteorites in antarctica sounds amazing, why should you ask yourself this question at all every time something starts. what for that should turn out for me criteria.

it will go where it is difficult, because it is not difficult for everyone to work in incredible conditions, and because of the loads that arise due to some kind of psychological limitation. well, not everyone is ready. uh, half a year in a confined space to live at the station, but it's important, eh. conduct some experiments, experiments, gain new knowledge and bring it to people who can take full advantage of this knowledge, because astronauts of course, they are very closely related to science. we are doing various experiments. and for this we study various fields of science, but we do not dive. it's very deep in it. but there are many, many different scientists who give us a task, and we get these tasks according to the task, we get this knowledge. and this is exactly what we do both at the station and in

antarctica. well, back to the topic of adventure. how to prepare for an absolutely unexpected thing , here in antarctica, as i remember, you had problems with the weather, the tent broke, in general, horror, minus 35, and your tent is broken. how the fuck was that? astronaut cosmos in the open practically come on. well, in general, during space flight and during other expeditions on earth. we are always trying to think what can await us, of course, it is impossible to calculate everything, and there is some excitement in this , this is what causes excitement. if you know what will happen for sure and you know what will not happen, then there is nothing to worry about. you can calculate and think everything over, but the fact is that e that is why the conditions are called extreme, which is not difficult. and there is a great level of surprise. here's an example, here's where

the surprise was in antarctica. let's not. well antarctica antarctica is generally a place with a huge amount of surprise. firstly, this is the weather, it is unpredictable. not in terms of the fact that we can fly there and it will be hot there. no, maybe snowstorms there may not be snow, maybe high temperatures, or there may be a sharp drop in weather. leaves much to be desired. the wind was up to 90 km / h in the trailer, so it seemed that we were riding a train, and it was vibrating all over the window noisily. a real antarctic summer you can say? you hit everything we hit. yes

, there are seasons for changing weather conditions, when everything can change quickly, and you need to be ready for this both in terms of clothing and in terms of equipment. and even the calculation of their logistics must be prepared. well, to change plans. so we flew, for example, to antarctica the weather was very good and we are good it's like good sunny weather, firstly. most the main thing is that good visibility. there is an airfield built right on the ice. and uh, the only way to uh land is the visual orientated approach. that is , there are no drives, there are some flags on the mayakov radio, but everything is visual, that is. if the pilot does not see the strip, he turns around and comes back for several thousand white fields along the edges of the flags. this is a white field, it is marked. yes, there are special signs, like the runway and the ice is landing. uh, big transport airplane. and so we flew the weather was perfect we flew in and said everything the next day. we have to leave in a small plane. and where no one

has ever landed is also a very interesting task. just a raid 160 km from the base , the area for landing was chosen, because we cannot understand the point, but before that we prepared for any situation. unpredictable. you can still prepare satellite images. we have now modern technologies allow, but to give some information about the place, which is located very far. we studied, uh, the experience of the previous expedition, uh, and chose certain points for landing, we said, with a pilot, we took off a small plane and already in place the plane circled choosing a landing point that was interesting and possible for landing and was convenient for us, because that the search area for meteorites was supposed to be near the point at the earth we chose landed us landed we unloaded several hundred kilograms, provisions

equipment everything we needed needed fuel snowmobile and the plane took off. everything, he left us alone together, which was completely surrounded by ice and mountains. there was no feeling of horror. well, at least after the cosmosad. we are unlikely when you are sitting here. you have a thin tent and there are many hundreds of kilometers around, it’s just ice and there’s nothing terrible, but at this moment you perfectly understand that if something happens, then the whole load will fall, it’s just that only the members of the team are the same as is on the space station, if something happens, all issues should be resolved exclusively by the crew. and what for the team was? that is, we had a very interesting team. we had a team, and two snow leopard climbers vitaly lazo and ruslan kalunin, they provided both security and logistics in general in such

crews of small people, he is multifunctional as a multi-instrumentalist, that is, just like the crews at the station one person should and know a lot and be able to do a lot the same thing in antarctica and our guys ensured safety. they are high level climbers guides. and, but vitale was filming a movie, and ruslan provided uh, logistics and uh, operation of the equipment, that is, engineering functions, while all uh, and the team members were trained to search for a meteorite. in general , the search for a meteorite in antarctica is a very interesting activity when you are looking for something that does not look like a local object to a local stone, that is, you cannot say for sure. this is how the meteorite will look like right here, because it should just be different from earthly stones. well , we will not dive into the topic of the team now. here are six people. well, including you.

yes, yes. here are five people, uh, two just climbers. well, high-level climbers, and two people one, uh, informed. e nurgaliev was a professor at kazan university alexander pastukhovich researcher. e of the ural federal university is a specialist in meteorites. here is andrey nazarov, uh, a member of the expedition, and uh, he was also involved in filming films in search of meteorites, everyone worked as one. this is very important, because there are a lot of surprises, that is, when we arrived. ah, the direction of the wind, it had to be understood in order to put correctly tent we put the tent in a certain orientation. uh, so that the wind does not break, it must be. uh, the shadow must be some rocks nearby, because the tent needs to be fixed. for what? because it's hot, maybe an aerodynamic shadow. that is, a shadow from the wind. yes, the aerodynamic theme, the wind does not

fly, something blocks it. yes, something must light up. that is. e, it was e that we chose the place in advance using satellite imagery, because after all, this is how it is minus 35 wind, how to survive in an ordinary tent, but it an unusual tent, specially designed for a strong wind and for placing everyone together, that is, the tent was large for 6 people with a separate tambour for cooking. and why? because when you boil water, the steam rises immediately freezes, and maybe, uh, like snow falls inside the tent, it will fall on things, which means everything will melt things will be wet, so together together where we cooked food. it was insulated, everything was thought out in advance, but uh, unfortunately, the design turned out to be not strong enough not strong enough for the antarctic wind. and the tent

was weak. yes tent wind gusts. winds reached almost 100 km/h. and the tent just folded up and we had to spend the night in a broken tent, but the wind is so strong that when six people lie in the tent and the equipment is six adult men and the tent is still tied and the wind raises it, but it was not scary at that moment. uh. well, i wouldn't say that it wasn't scary at all, there was a certain excitement. yes, but there was some excitement, because i couldn't sleep, i clapped a lot. fabric very strong wind was. that is. hmm , you can probably imagine a car when you're driving at 120 km/h. and you leaned out of the car. and just about like this you sleep, and uh, then you had to decide. what to do next, we perfectly understood that the plane would not fly for us just like that in such a wind. so it will take some time to live in these

conditions. well, it would be necessary, so it would be necessary, we were ready for this. and how to live without a tent live without a tent. we also had an additional tent exclusively for cooking, to cook food with a lock, as if in volume. but uh, the clothes that we had, it meant being in antarctica almost around the clock. it's in overalls for high-altitude climbing climbing boots high-altitude. that is, in principle, we could exist safely without a tent, and you still continued to explore even when the tent broke down. and yes, because we had, in fact, no other way out, but in the end, if the tent is broken, then this is not a reason stop, but, but we perfectly understood that the sooner we finish the field work, the better, because we received a very unfavorable forecast from satellite communications, that is, conditions only worsened. and we had a very small

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he is so alone. with you is a podcast of schrödinger's cat and i am its host grigory tarasevich, along with my friend the bar cat. we ask questions about science and adventures to the hero of russia , cosmonaut sergei kut sverchkov a. still, like -35, what is a strong wind, and you without a tent? how did you warm yourself, how would you rest, it is very easy to warm yourself with the heat of your own body to have a suit, so yes.

it's the special suits they're designed for, and i say if you're going, uh, for an adventure. you better think about the conditions that you will have to wait in advance, what the suit is made of. that is, that there is a climbing suit for high-altitude ascents for life literally at heights. uh, above six seven thousand meters. there pooh sleeping bag, designed for temperatures down to -45. that is, in principle, but it was possible, well, as not even that it was possible, we took off the down suit before climbing into the sleeping bag, because if you climb into the down suit, the sleeping bag it will be very hot, even minus 35 these costumes are generally russian-made. and there are russian companies that make a similar suit. and what, it means that we had some kind of chemical heaters inside , we had chemical heaters, we did not use enough of the heat of which the human body emits, and nutrition is certainly

necessary to have good nutrition, but on the other hand. again, like the cosmonauts we couldn't even take very heavy meals, so we took freeze-dried meals dehydrated. well, there is enough water in antarctica. well, the main thing is to take fuel with you. and this is one of the characteristics of water. uh, liquid, water we had before running shoes. that is, in the morning we heated water with the help of burners, quickly poured out quickly cooked food, quickly poured hot thermoses for ourselves and ate hot food, because if you take hot food and linger somewhere, then after 15 minutes it all turns into an icicle. well, the traditional question about the toilet in such conditions, and antarctica is still interesting because, and under international agreement, nothing is allowed there leave. that is, everything that you brought there. everything must be taken away from there, including, of course, all

the products of human vital activity, so we can say that we took the toilet with us. here, at a minimum, that is, all this was packed and then taken to the base, where it was all packed in special containers. as we went out a separate tent was we had to build. eh, if so the details. a stone toilet had to be built there. stone , that is, uh, no, not from ice from ice. it would be very cool, probably, but next there was a stone ridge, marina is a glacier, and we dragged several hundred kilograms. probably, if not the tone, uh, they built a structure that protected completely from the wind, because the wind is still in antarctica, uh, even if there is no such powerful one during the day, then it always is. there is such a katabatic wind there, this is the wind that blows from the pole, it always blows in the evening when the cold air comes in, and here, well, go to the toilet.

it was a very fast technique to walk to people. it's still a tough team. someone is a scientist. you astronaut. you are all different and it was. so you live for a week, gathered in one small tent, how not to quarrel, not to quarrel, not to go crazy at all, because from the fact that there is always nearby too. well, first of all, you need to get to know each other. in advance of course we got acquainted. not already there. we met in advance and we had training camps in elbrus, because all the participants had to understand what they would face, what is snow ice? well, fortunately, everyone knew what snow, ice, something like mountaineering. well , probably only here we are up to nizkovich, he did not participate in climbing activities, but nevertheless, as a geologist. he knew perfectly well what a field camp was and working far from civilization is a condition, namely relationships. still, all people are different in different

roles, how to negotiate in the first place, as in space, you need to know exactly the same approach. why did you go there, if you went there to gain new knowledge in order to bring some kind of result , every time you do your work, remember that you are working for a common the result is that the task - it's not easy. that's how a tourist has a task for a tourist. to go and see for yourself and return, and the team’s task is to bring the result common to everyone, therefore, when you work as a team , you must remember that team goals are understandable, therefore, they teach even at school, roughly speaking, well, here, after all, living people very, closed in one space. well we were lucky we were lucky because all the participants turned out to be just excellent people, very spit, everyone turned out to be very interesting. all people, who went to the antarda of their own free will and made every effort. for that, they all

love adventure. you understand that a person who is afraid or does not like adventure will never go instead with , uh, extreme conditions. and yet, to be honest with myself, here it is. now, if everything is the same, the same is useful for world knowledge. you could bring no, dropping out to extreme places would be interesting for you and these people, right? it seems to me that this is impossible. well , as we are less and less space here is antarctica cosmos already in siberia is already such that you can already sit on a helicopter and get most of the points hmm i think this is a delusion, but i'm sure that we, uh, still have enough space and time to discover the earth in a new way, including remote places and here are places uh, uneasy conditions that require u such people who are willing, well, to take the risk to set off.