[000:00:00;00] the quote is a powerful and positive message to kiev and absolutely no specifics , which only upset the ukrainian president, who arrived at the zelensky summit in the telegram channel , criticized nato for the lack of a clear position on the country's entry into the alliance, it seems that he is finally coming to an understanding that nato is generally not ready to invite ukraine. flowers balloons long-awaited hugs with relatives in sheremetyevo met the winner of the international biological olympiad, which was held in the united arab emirates three gold medals for petr popov and ivan demidov from dolgoprudny, as well as muscovites alisa this monina silver medalist nikita vorobyov from moscow, despite strong competition, almost three hundred schoolchildren from all over the world participated in the competition, russians showed the highest level of knowledge. it was very hot there, everyone spoke, not in russian.

but she never went through. there were three rounds of competition, of course, huge 79 countries from all over the world, participants in the largest race in eurasia covered more than half the distance rally silk way, got to samara the fifth stage of more than half a thousand, kilometers, half, of which the special sections of the route are difficult, but incredibly picturesque along the natural forest reserve. as a result, in the standings of off-road vehicles of the golden crew of vladimir vasiliev , eduard nikolayevich kamaz became the winner among trucks. the crew went a distance later than their main rivals. but in the end, i drove one and a half minutes faster than anyone until the end of the rally raid. there are only a few days left, the final is already

this saturday on red square in moscow meetings hello on the air podcast eisenstein 125 e and in the studio film critic artyom sopin and film historian natalya ryabchikova today we will talk about eisenstein's film ivan the terrible, which is not only one of the most notable paintings in the work of eisenstein himself, but is probably one of the most significant films, in principle, in the history and culture of the xx century, because this film, which brought together a lot of features of different types of art. actually just thanks to this film, including from einstein proved that cinema is a full-fledged part of the world pantheon of arts, together with older views, painting and literature , theater and ivan the terrible, we see how many

features are intertwined. in addition, this film is, of course, historical in different aspects. it is interesting historically not in the sense that in that long history when it was filmed and, even more so in that old history, which relates to our interests. uh, in the story of how historical science is now developing and, in general, ivan grozny is involved in this not only scientifically. how much from an artistic point of view, of course, because ivan the terrible is a picture that, in general, can rightfully stand on a par with such works. like e. macbeth e, shakespeare or pushkin's boris godunov, that is , works that e represent a certain matrix, not even so much because of the history of our country. how much in general from the history of civilization, because it is certain , fortunately or, unfortunately, rather in this case. unfortunately, recurring uh, motifs in the behavior of people, not even necessarily kings.

this is, uh, a rather complex work and psychologically interesting historical ones. and now. maybe we'll talk about how this project appeared, where it came from. yes, in what years it was created, because, of course, you need to start with dreams for eisenstein, the thirties were very difficult. actually, as for our entire country, and uh, the strengthening of the great terror. at the end of the thirties, it was especially affected in his situation, because he was one of the brightest figures of that left vanguard twenties, which in the thirties was condemned in every possible way, who accused formalism. eh, and besides, eisenstein had this trip abroad at the turn of the twenties and thirties. we know how many. e military leaders, like many of their engineers who went abroad in these years, many were repressed from einstein miraculously, literally managed to avoid repression, because stalin hoped to tame einstein and, in general,

despite the rather independent eisenstein behavior in the thirties, when he was going to direct the film. uh, with my view, collectivization is a bit dumb. in general, showing him as the tragedy of the russian village, everything went to the fact that eisenstein was to be arrested in the thirty-seventh year. generally. uh, the situation of the ban on that film about the village of bezhin lug practically led to this, but stalin decided to give eisenstein a chance. e, suggested that he put on a film about alexander nevsky here as well. generally. they are not that we did not understand each other, but eisenstein made a film about rebuff. eh, this here is a mechanized knightly machine clad in armor, which is actually this teutonic army and e from einstein, uh, it was considered just like a statement in favor of humanity against. eh, this here is such a dogmatic iron grinding machine. what

, in general, was stalin's power, but stalin, in general, perceived this as a favorable context for himself. he took it as a film glorifying eh? held as he considered himself, although, according to historians civil war. in general, with this, but it was not so. definitely. let's say. so nevsky is still important to us as the predecessor of ivan the terrible, and because eisenstein finally tried, and to embody those ideas, but to combine the montage combination of the sound of the image to which he went. well, 10 years. yes, and he finally worked for the first time with sergei prokofiev, the great composer, who was able to embody these ideas, moreover, gave eisenstein, and also material for reflection. yes, for these theoretical analyzes of his favorite post-analysis and with this baggage. they

both approach already the fortieth year of their forty- first year and in fact. uh, just here from einstein he will not only work with sound, but with color, but this is a separate episode, which we will tell about in due time. what about? the proposal really was very hmm peculiar, because here it is important to remember the context at this time , historical works are just beginning to appear that rethink the place of grozny in history, which, uh, strive and try to at least justify the tyranny of grozny by creating oprichniki and eliminate the boyars. that is, such an establishment of sole power. actually, what stalin did in the thirties, when he first got rid of the mensheviks of the ussr from the so-called trotskyists, and so on and so on and so on, therefore, this proposal, which was received in january of the forty -first year, a and e , was voiced by zhdanov e , who invited from einstein for a conversation and suggested that he put on the film terrible did not immediately agree, but from einstein a, in

general, took some time to think and he himself remembered what it was like for him. uh, as they now say, attendance at the gala was the trigger. eh? the next evening on the anniversary of lenin's death was at the bolshoi theater in january 1941. and, thinking about lenin's death, an event seventeen years ago. and from eisenstein, he thought about, uh, how scared stalin was that after lenin’s death he began to destroy everyone around him and realized that starting from this fright in grozny’s childhood, uh, we need to start this plan, and then he will work on the script. he started to work. uh, worked in great detail with a large number of historical sources. first i was looking for a screenwriter, uh, and. in general , major figures were considered, for example, the writer leonid leonov, but, by the summer, he, in general, already independently develops a script, and then on june 22, forty-one, and is still changing. just

from the inside. i thought that the shooting would be postponed, because it turns out to be a difficult shooting. and for him it was a very strange decision to continue filming, moreover, to provide the film crew with everyone. entering despite the military situation time, but wait until then, i still need to say that a is clear that initially they were going to do this in moscow at mosfilm. here is june 22, and then, and in october, the studios will be evacuated, that is, not just they but how to shoot a film about medieval russia in wartime conditions and how to shoot in evacuation conditions, when they actually don’t have, but those resources that they are used to , at least in moscow, the entire forty-second year is actually spent on e, developing sketches, tailoring costumes, and finalizing the script. here it must be said that sketches played a huge role. this which eisenstein drew not so much as the artist of the film was or wonderful artists, if nikolai voinov was in the spinel, but

actually, these drawings were such an emotional embodiment of the future film, because the film, in principle, is very graphic in terms of the nature of the movement actors. according to the drawing of their roles and in general, many actors even complained about the fact that eisenstein always makes them take some kind of, uh, specific poses show that this is how you have to go. so need to pass here complained and some it was normal, because to lie like that, and a company of actors, probably, by the way, was only possible in alma-ata, maybe in moscow he could not do it. this is a twofold situation. it’s clear who should play grozny well, of course, nikolai cherkasov, who has already played nevsky, moreover, he’s just an actor of plasticity , he’s an actor of action, he’s an eccentric actor, and well, he’s not in almaty, you need to catch him, you need to agree with him, but driveways, and then, and who will play the queen from einstein found it? he

he came up with the idea that ulanova would play a ballerina, with whom he already knows, moreover, she is a mate, but while they approve her, the theater needs to go to perform elsewhere. she leaves to take off. it is impossible, you have to look again, and he tried. it seems to me that half of almaty is about the cinematic cinematic and eventually settled on e, by the people of tselikovskaya, who actively advised to take it. e, the performer of the role of malyutu skurata mikhail zharov and the former husband of tselikovskaya and e, who saw her in this role. and, a, in general, insisted that a. tselikovskaya would play this role in general. eh, it is significant here that cherkasov started music. zharov played comedy kings, a huge number of kadochnikov were generally comedic actors, an actor of the youth theater ah-ah. tselikov comedy actress, uh, serafima birman. in the thirtieth she played dramatic roles in the theater, but again she started with comedies, including comedies in films. we need to be sure to say who could play instead of seraphim, we see her. on

the screen in the role of aunt e, the main villain is such film in the role of euphrosyne, but after all, it should have been even more famous, an even more beloved comedian, and faina ranevskaya, who was tried, who really wanted to play, but they didn’t take her, unlike ranevskaya, but. at least we can see how it ended up looking. and lyudmila tselikovskaya in the frame, how did she look next to the birman seraphim? we have a small snippet. it cannot be said that he didn’t compromise with the performer of the role euphrosyne, because the authorities somehow imposed the actress polovikov, and another actress and, in general, from einstein, when ranevskaya's invitation did not take place, he nonetheless insisted on his other candidacy to seraphim. i fit in perfectly here, but this is

an invitation for comedic actors, at least there were actors with a comedic background with comedic skills. in general, not some kind of quirk, because from the side of eisenstein a from eisenstein e, specially invites comic actors to the tragedy simply because they feel more. eh, the edges of conditional genres. i have a theory that he called comedians, including to make it easier, at least somehow, to survive on this set, because in addition to the technical conditions, there are also conditions. it's just filming, this is filming from night to night, and it's cold. we have many memories. yes , how are they there for hours, for example? they lived on make-up during the day, the energy went to the factories, so they filmed at night, they were malnourished, like everyone else, right? ah, they had steam coming out of their mouths during filming , it was colder inside the studio space than outside. these were also quite serious. tests for the actors, it's great that

serafima birman, like a number of other actors, left wonderful, very colorful memories of filming. in general, it is true for many. it was one of the most important events in my life. generally. if not the main one, then even the birman, who seemed to be proud of her theatrical biography, and she staged and played herself. but for her, it's all the same, this is a meeting with eisenstein with a man who thinks so figuratively bright and so unusual. in general, it was absolutely. uh, such a godsend. this can even be seen in the letters of mikhail named, who played the cop. here he writes seriously i was ill. while sitting on makeup. i'm waiting, i'm arguing with other actors. i do not understand what is going on. i don't understand what einstein wants and then the next letter he looks at the pieces and says neusenstein heine i understood how it should all work. it's great. it is not in vain that we suffer here, and not all actors did not always, but eisenstein understood what he wanted from them.

yes, this higher of his some idea or a lot of ideas a conglomerate of ideas, why is it oppressive, for example, right? why does he work with light like that? why did he refuse to fully use his usual cameraman eduard tessei and called andrei moskvin to these distortions. eh, of course , cherkasov suffered the most from them, and his memories of his e are rather critical. uh, he describes this experience and at the same time, he regretted that he told it like that to a journalist, uh, dictated it, because for him it was also emotionally the most important , after all, as he later towards the end of his life realizes, and experience here, after all, he had to play a huge number of ages. i mean, he starts. he is also a sixteen-year-old youth in the episode of the wedding to the kingdom and on the other hand. e, he, e, should have actually become an old man by the end of e, the film, e, was not, as you know, completed the third series , we didn’t talk about it with her there, but even at the end of the second series, on which we say goodbye