make a run, or maybe not say. that's just you at the disposal of 2-3 meters, all the students were many many good guys. very good guys, there were cases when we had to weed out. unfortunately, yes, there are 2-3 people in my practice. well, it's no offense for the reason, well, right, the unsuitability of medicine, psychophysics, piloting technique, uh, piloting technique was. well, psychophysics was also, by the way, the relationship in the crews. eh, how commanding? authoritarian or has the right to strain his voice let's say in my life there are a lot of examples when the crews were friends, and then it even turned out that in the process of service someone had to go on promotion. that is, they are in other crews in other squadrons. and this friendship, as it were , continued through her whole life. yes, there were cases

when they did not find any relationship with each other; as a rule, they were seated. uh, to other crews. i can say by my own example, i'm all my navigator pilots are right or very shift 26 occupies a certain position and fly. uh, command units, command units, someone yes due to some circumstances. uh, moved, uh, to the civilian half-life. right now there is the national air ambulance service. there are a lot of guys flying, the most important thing. they fly , they did not say goodbye to the profession. they want to fly and they fly. no, i understand. uh , it’s probably easier to go to civilian life than to leave civilian life for combat use. yes , it leaves its mark here in the sense that something is there, uh, it took off. well, let the same flight with an external sling set the load,

where it should be returned back to the airfield. here, of course, there are helicopter pilots. the peculiarity of such attack aircraft is probably such a peculiarity, because, uh, you took off from your airfield to some part of you flew over your territory. and then you complete the task on the territory occupied by opponents, the same in chechnya, uh, it would seem that our outposts, our checkpoints are all around, but there are areas where they are not, and you come there, uh, they use the greenery there , hiding, and there were many such cases, and the shelling of helicopters beat the helicopters, but there is still especially still mountains. sometimes i had very bad weather and at night, and in the mountains it is specially necessary to have a qualification separately in order to fly in the mountains. yes it is just like naval aviation. here is the sea, and here it is both

psychological preparation and moral and theoretical. you must be ready. well , of course, you must have a stable piloting technique and your readiness to act in special cases in such mountains. uh, in accordance with the instructions, as it should be , let's say deckers. uh, there is a base in saki or was, uh, which the thread was restored, i think it's a thread. yes, which allows. well, prepare more or less at least 80 percent of people sit on a limited epp. eh, a stripe, after all, it is there 250,270 meters into the ground. there this landing system, optical, moon. there is a radar there. and there, in my opinion, there is an element that swings to pavel or something, they depict, as far as i know, well, i won’t say so. but tell the pilots it still exists, well, how is

the illumination of the runway a hint? well, helicopter pilots, uh , let's just say mice are mastering flights on the site, there are sites that are not illuminated by self-selection, yes , which are, uh, illuminated prepared sites, well, in the mountains, mostly sites that you yourself have to select. well, it's not only in the mountains and above the forest the same thing, if somewhere there is a platform, you must come to appreciate it, this platform with air. estimate can you sit on it or not? what is its surface? there are some trees there, there are obstacles, there may be something that will not allow you to eat some foreign objects, as it is fashionable now, all sorts of plastic bottles, and that's it. she the same can also rise to hit the screws. well , that is, there is a peculiarity here. well , there are, of course, pilots are first trained at the airfield. then he is on a lighted platform

of limited size. well, then it goes from simple to complex. i want to explain to our listeners what we talked about today. this is only a part of this is a small part. these are just words. yes, there are emotions. there is a state of people who work in the air and a state of people who are waiting on the ground, and each time i have said and will repeat my admiration for the people who live in the sky without extreme no. well, this is where we end our flight today with us. my great happiness was hmm pilot sniper assan. nikolayevich shagin naval aviation is my deep admiration, as it was and is. thanks for coming. thank you this is an easy money podcast, i'm its host mikhail khanov and

today. our guest is absolutely wonderful guest sergei edmundovich pekarsky. hello sergey sergey is known in two guises, you and a scientist economist with dozens of articles, both in russian and foreign specialized publications and the second in your incarnation is education you are the dean of the faculties of economic sciences of the higher school of economics , everything is so . we even go inside sometimes. we understand topics. azov financial literacy rules of budgeting rules of budget savings rules of investments. how to form a portfolio? what to look for, what will happen to the ruble with the dollar with real estate, sometimes even trying, well, they still want a magic pill, yes, our dear fellow citizens. here we are trying to prove that there are no magic pills. but you still need to learn how to work and so on, that is, from the point of view. not just how to invest them. and as i say

, they didn’t try to earn money, and we are trying to consider those professions, those specialties that are as they said, now modern youth are the most hype or hype. that is, those that bring a lot of money, yes, that is, the same pill, but still through education. here we are now let's try to figure out how popular economists are. let's here is the first question for the seed. uh, is it hype or and hype is for sure. don't be a hype economist if you want to be. well, i graduated from high school. and there are many economists like me . we remember all the soviet jokes about the differences between karl marx and clara sr. economically. tell us how karl marx differs from aunt clara karl marx is just an economist about a senior economist from the country. now really. eh, a lot of universities have introduced the direction of preparing the economy, but it is clear that less than a dozen domestic pieces are preparing worthy specialists. you train applied

economists or more scientists, and then let them figure out what you want to become students self-determine. we do not set ourselves the task of preparing a lot of scientists simply because, firstly, the country e does not need too many scientists, more people who will be engaged in business, work in the government and the majority of students. and when they come to the first course. they are not know what they want to become scientists or bankers. they decide this in the course of training, and in my opinion, well, 5-10 percent of students. then he really continues his economic career. they are doing something else. i know you don't like the word contest and but still. that's how people of the old formation, after all. let's uh, let's try to figure out this number. what kind of competition do you understand now, what a thing, after all, it is now possible to enter several universities and within one university for several areas of training for several educational programs, so measure the competition. now it is simply impossible there is no such figure in this sense. you need to focus on, uh,

firstly, uh, how many winners of the olympiads enter the turin educational program. uh, what was the unified state examination sergey ivanovich, i didn’t get off of you. how many places at the faculty, and at the faculty at the faculty of economic sciences of higher school. more than 500 students and 500 students are recruited in a row. how much is the application? as a rule? uh, three-four thousand is decent index. this is an indicator that economic education is really valued in the tower, because you know how at one time there was such an anecdote too, when a man wants to please women, one of whom loves athletes, the second the military, and the third the indians. he says let me introduce myself master of sports, colonel xingu. actually. i think that faculties are now called exactly faculties, and there are numerous other universities that have been mentioned, yes, that everyone is trying to do everything in the economy. i think that exactly for these reasons. yes, let's do it there, what's fashionable there now is money aichi and the economy is all here is the faculty and

economics it i don't know there and loans. yes, well, that's about, unfortunately, yes, the digital economy. yes, it all begins so, uh, the education of a prestigious tower is precisely an economic education, after all, leaving the walls, the alma mater. what job and immediately what level of income your graduate can apply for. and if we discard science, first of all, it depends on the profession, and yet our students are guided not only by the monetary result. how much would they they wanted to make money on the way out, after all , someone likes to deal with corporate finance more. some of them joined in macroeconomics, and here , in fact, the results may be different, but, in general, students, as a rule, already, starting even from the third and fourth years of study , have the opportunity to receive good money. and, in principle, go out as a graduate of a bachelor's degree with a salary of 200 or more than 1,000 rubles. per month. quite realistic. we're talking now, uh, it's better. probably, after all, we are talking about

the best, if measured in the characteristics of average on average it will be, uh, about 100,000, probably positions. who is a very wide range - it is economists in commercial banks and other financial institutions. these are various analysts, many of our students go to the civil service in the central bank, and so on, representatives of large state corporations are hunting for your graduates even at a level when they are not yet graduates. moreover, students have such examples , moreover, we encourage them to do so. we try to implement the so-called project-oriented learning model, which assumes that we bring future employers to students already, starting from the second year of study, a student in the second year of study can choose one of our 180 projects, for example, he chooses a project in the field of macroeconomic policy. uh-huh and so on, facing not only us academic colleagues. well, for example , with colleagues from the bank of russia, such a student has the opportunity to start. think not about educational

tasks, but about real tasks. and you can give an example of such a task. here's the one may already start to decide. uh, a second- year student here is important to note. what thing in our projects involves mixing students of different years of study, because one of the important competencies is teamwork and it is clear that a toolkit that can be used to solve a problem at a serious level is a toolkit and theoretical and mathematical economics, as a rule, a student still, they acquire it already in the third or fourth year of study. but the most important thing is that the second year student understands for which they will study something and are just oriented. yes, the learning model assumes that, along with the choice of the project , the student chooses the disciplines that he needs in order to obtain the appropriate competencies. this is a great motivation when you start from the second year, not even completely yet, having received the mathematical apparatus in your hands, but you are already starting to think in the direction of where this apparatus is for you. it can be useful. yes , because, as it were, most of us ask. well, why do i need this sine cosine and there, of course.

a modern university should be a kind of intellectual supermarket for the student, coming where the student, in fact, understands that he wants the task of universities in such a situation - it simply acts as a navigator to help the student decide on a profession to understand that he needs to learn what kind of skills to acquire a tower in this in terms of starting to do this, that is , to propagate a similar model that the university is a navigator. yes? this assistant is a cataloger. uh, it was from the beginning or before the last change. there don't know ten years. it was almost from the beginning. we left to proceed from the fact that and in the modern world, uh, a professor should not be a relayer of knowledge. the student's knowledge can be found in quite different ways by the task of the professor to guide the student. and this is, in fact, a model that all the world's leading universities have long ago adopted. it turns out that in this model, which is preached by the hse, there is no need for a student to constantly be in the physical, yes, offline is called indoors at lectures, if he chooses some

program, if he chooses the very trajectory of his education. i am gradually approaching the fact that, in principle, there is literally one step left. i know that you have made it to online education and your words that, in principle, online, uh, education in a good strong university will often be better than offline. education. well, let's say there, the second or third gradation there. quite right. there are several aspects of online education here. this education is full-time, not part-time in the sense that it really happens, but the contact between students go to lectures. a certain time or you can turn on the computer, that is, there is no such thing that i will later listen to it someday. here the lecture goes in diameter , we use online courses that are recorded. they are studied, as we are talking about asynchronously at any convenient time, and this is convenient, just for master's students, when they combine this business with work online, pick out on the contrary, so as not to destroy the traditions that were recently at school, we prefer synchronous

classes, when students are just monitor and the teacher is in the monitor. but uh, the most important thing here is what is it and it's just technology technology has to be modern, but the essence of the approach to education does not change students have to study something independent a significant part of the work. a-a student, on the development of academic disciplines. consideration of work on projects is precisely independent work in this regard. and how is it organized? it's a matter of technology. the question is, how do you and i understand and know that the most important thing in education is the control of acquired knowledge, which ended up in a donkey. in this wonderful head. they flew into one ear into the other flew tests. uh, tests, control tasks. they are also held online or offline, but here we will try to use completely different forms. i am actually the author of an online course myself and

within my online it is called macroeconomics of financial markets for masters and as part of this online course students take a weekly test, but not in order to get an assessment from this not so much weight, but for just to test themselves to what extent they understood material. and in order for me to understand how much they understood, i prefer that they write something and at the same time it doesn’t really matter to me whether they will peep somewhere or not? i'm wording the questions so i can follow their train of thought. hmm. they're on the point that they just literally memorized something. great. well, i remember you about my training at the physicotechnical institute. we had one subject - theoretical mechanics. he says you could get a ticket, use whatever you want and textbooks and notes any at all right there in the lecture at the exams. you go and write off, but the attitude to this material was exactly the same, that is, if you couldn’t even write off, then you were kicked out immediately, and i say to the nature of cyclists. okay, let's solve the problem . you solve the problem, we will solve it, of course, also online. and here it is probably

more difficult to write off, because all the tasks are, uh, individual. well, at least you should understand what approach to decide or how? well, it is clear that modern students do not radically differ in this aspect from students from 10-20 years old prescription. so it means write off and so on. and this is a question of how we can effectively organize control. use technology to search for similar texts on the web. that is, outgoing. that is, all people to our students. i must say that every one of us actually expels several students for plagiarism, as unfortunately happens in current works. even paid. there are such cases, of course, and budgetary payment. and in this sense, there is no fundamental difference for us. we have, of course, the program is completely commercial, but the main nabum on the main bachelor's degree, for example, is fifty-fifty, and commercial student students are paid. and i'm like a professor, i don't know who's in front of me. i mean, i'm just not interested in it, because i don't need to know gpt chat hasn't started to be used yet. but no, i will not rule out that

this can happen, but nonetheless. here everything depends, in fact, not only on the student. but these teachers are responsible teachers. he will easily find out that it was not a student who wrote it. this is also evident from the way it is written. well, it's understandable. if uh student, uh, downloads and uses very good works, teachers may already have read them and perfectly well, and the question immediately arises from where do diamonds come from in one place? yes, it's a podcast of easy money, i'm its host mikhail khanov today i'm visiting the dean of the faculty of economic sciences in the united states, professor sergey pikarsky sergey how can a student understand that the economy is his? yes, here i am when here, well, and my children, yes, when i teach how to choose universities and their friends? i say, so there are two things. first. you must see how it's served. information on the site, how modern clearly structured information site.

high school is the first next. you choose the faculties that you like and start reading texts, and now you should not be sick of these texts, because these will be the most frequent words that you will hear for the next 3 years, at least. here are some criteria you have as the deans of the faculty of economic sciences at the hse, according to which you can advise graduates. here the economy is yours or not yours? yes , indeed, we understand that the site is our face should already display everything, but unfortunately, uh, information is very often presented on websites, and a in such a form that applicants just won’t be interested in this sense, uh, i’m not sure that now is a schoolboy, uh, who is going to enter in a university a can decide what he would like to do in economics or physics, probably, you still need to think about this a little earlier, but the main idea is, how to understand, e economics is for you or for you the first consideration for many people, uh, confused about what social science is about what

humanitarian sound economics is not a human science, it is a science of society. and this means that we have completely different approaches to what we analyze and how we pray, the second important criterion should not be in any case allergic to higher mathematics. well, or just like mathematicians, because modern economics is sorry, there was no talogology. this is not something that can be described in words only to the highest topics in the economy, if we take on average not some specialized scientific academic research, more than half less. the color is exactly as much as i need to explain simply, because mathematics is a certain language and some formalizations. if we are considering economics, not finance, then in economics we really need to analyze and build arguments. and here , mathematics is really used exactly as much as necessary. in finance , finance is still simpler - it's money. money loves an account . absolutely right. it is also very important that the schoolchild would have a craving for free thought third

third, because indeed in the economy and no, uh, as a rule, absolute houses a lot of things economists, uh, consider, so they try to avoid a definitive answer. and another good anecdote. and american president harry truman once joked in the english language there is such an idiom. he is the one hand he is behind azazah on one side on the other side. he joked that he would like to have one hand in the economic adviser in the economy, really very important race. very important complex, but diverse approaches. and in such a situation, really, uh, there must be a craving not to have any one clear simple answer. and be prepared for what you need to think about. sergey, as a person who has been working for more than 25 years, i probably work in the stock markets, and there is also a lot of investments. it’s just a joke with various speculative strategies, when the presidents of an international institutional company in the middle of a skyscraper are going to have lunch,

and there is such a high-tech lift, without any buttons at all. without anything, just the wall is moving apart and the elevator and that's it. and you don't know where he 's going. here he goes to dine, opens the door, and there stands in full force his department of strategic market analysis. he looks at them like that, they don't talk to him like that for my pause. further swearing quickly up or down and without any of your stuff. yes, this is how such an attitude should be excellent, here is the third criterion item. yes , the perception of the surrounding reality. there is such a fantastic story wonderful i don't remember the author of the noise level called about how it was allegedly falsified. uh, the anti-gravity engine was invented showed a video the man crashed and gathered scientists of all stripes in his laboratory. well, they faked it. yes, they said. look here. here is the result. yes, that's what he was doing, go for it, and in fact they are the same. this is very close to what you said, they just demolished the boundaries, they demolished the framework, that antigravity is impossible, yes, and people, and there was the chemistry of english history, some ancient indian

literature and philosophy. there are almost works on the study of antuankhida. they created an anti-gravity platform there a month later, but size there, like 20 by 20 m. let’s not get hurt in any way. well, i'm sorry. yes, guys, that you are the inventors of gravity, it's clear that the story is fantastic, but there is such fantasy in the methods that hse uses for students. well, in fact, the sciences associated with the apparatus of higher mathematics, like economics, you demolish stereotyped thinking, boundaries. this is the goal or so it turns out that this is, in principle, the goal itself. unfortunately, it is far from always achieved simply, because, unfortunately, after school education. we often encounter with guys who really come from the fact that there should be one answer to everything, but we really try, and initially students. and to direct them to form some economic thinking in them, which would just allow for diversity. moreover, one of our most sought-after programs, just graduates who are the most highly paid, have a training program

built very close to the british system, or arts, an economic program, but students have the opportunity to listen a huge number of disciplines and philosophy of astrophysics. and something else within the overall educational model. you school of economics students. there are so-called mager core education. and also a student of any educational program and only economists should get some miner. these are four scientific disciplines that have been studied for two years. a student-economist can have a core in economics and a miner, for example, in psychology , and we get a very interesting combination when a student has the opportunity use the approaches of psychology in economic analysis. and this is a very active direction in principle. that is, in fact, this is already a stepping stone to the next education, because, for example, when i tell my children, i say. you don't have to worry about what first higher education you will receive, because in five to 10 years such changes can occur that you already need life itself and the situation, you need to get an education. this is a step here. that is, in fact

, these are the miner miners, and even minor the parts, ie they er, actually prompt the students. where they develop further we have a base in the economy. this is some logical addition so that the student does not get out of one block, but the most basics. what are thoughts? and a student of a good university is a strong student, he is first of all at the exit. eh, will be able to continue to learn further. this is the main task of a bachelor's degree to teach a person to learn all his life. yes, yes it is, but in fact , this is what we are. well, you, too, probably took it out of the soviet education system. a by the way, what university did you graduate from, when i graduated from the moscow institute of electronics, mathematics, it was an independent university. i graduated from the faculty of applied mathematics. then, unfortunately, i lost my second education, my second education. i was in the school of economics. i don't eat now. this is the faculty of the school of economics, so i just graduated from two falte bravos. so you haven't really changed. it just so happens that you ended up doing great. well, that is, you have finished, in

fact, you clearly confirmed your thesis that you do not need to have, but allergies to higher mathematics, on the contrary, it must be loved. well actually. i completed the thought that you and i were taught what is most important? what the university teaches is to teach to study there teaches to study, yes, that's it. here is the very process that you correctly said to acquire knowledge is always the most famous graduates of the faculty of economic sciences. now you can call or in order. just the names you hear. well , the minister is well known, er oktyabrshkin, the heads of the monetary policy department are well known. kirill trimasov, business structures, your graduates find a use for themselves while growing up. i don’t know management up to the heights there. how much, by the way, here. let's even formulate the question this way, as far as being an economist, but just becoming managers and the head of the company in the end. or is it easier to do lawyers. or is it easier to do it there for a marketer or a suzu from your practice from

your point of view. a rather difficult question, why? because an economist, uh, very often can follow a path within the framework that he does not want to become a big boss simply because he thinks he analyzes, but nevertheless. and in in principle, uh from my point of view uh, it is possible to achieve leadership positions, both in government and in business, not thanks to any particular profession, thanks to the mindset of the character, and so on, and in this sense , really. uh, there are examples when people become ministers, but with a slightly different specialized education, but in the case of economists, really, but this ability to think is multifaceted in a complex way. she helps out in some way and the question. ah, probably not easy. uh, in the twenty-third year abroad. your initiates are quoted now, about 15 years ago, when our graduates entered the western master's

programs in phd, and i just heard the question of highschool economics fake, what is it? then we really became a brand, and students, uh, who graduated from the hse, but have such a serious base that it is quite easy for them to continue their education. uh-huh, and many of our students have achieved success, including entering the e-world economics. uh, that is, ends the auspicious day , and the auspicious magistracy here and there are already going further to develop magistracy, there are already such cases. that is, someone, uh, left for a master's program from a bachelor's degree, someone graduated, uh, a magistracy, then left for a php program. but by the way, from the point of view of economic science. it's europe or america or even asia maybe in some economic science is concentrated in america well, if you just look objectively at the list of nobel laureates most of them worked at american universities. clearly there are

some trends to return, huh? economists back or in principle, it's not fundamentally, where there is a tendency to develop science, and moreover, there is a corresponding intention. we started with the fact that our graduates really left. eh, to continue studying abroad, but for like 15 years now , we have been recruiting internationally, and recruiting for special positions colleagues who have received a phd degree in western universities, and among them is just the majority. are they those who once graduated from moscow state university or our strong regions? uh-huh well , they themselves mentioned it. i will now start from afar, as you know, this is the one i finished in moscow of those, it was formed in the late forties from fifa to moscow state university and then it already began there. well, just like we have a joke at the physics and technical institute, so they argue that moscow state university has expired, uh, two flags on russian science. which of them is the main one, and who is the only one you in what relationship are you in terms of?

here is a competitor, not competitors, or in general , you are doing different things, well, from your point of view, and the economic faculty of the gu and the faculty of economic sciences of the higher school of economics well , really here, as we know. the same hse story arose when yaroslav kuzminov and other strong economists left moscow state university in order to create, in a basis, the type of competitors we currently have with economics in the cells of nsu. this is one of our main competitors. and as a dean, i am very glad that we have such a competitor. in fact , we economists know that in so many aspects of competition - this is the engine of the engine , of course. this is the case everywhere, then there is no happiness if there is still the only guy in the village in the culet of economic sciences or economic moscow state university contenders for participation in this race of the two strongest or that's it. uh, you know how oxford cambris is? yes, here are two kayaks they are swimming and that's it. and there is no one else. do you have someone else in the swim, you know, in the case of the faculty of economics of moscow state university. we have

very similar models. education from the point of view of the great role of the fundamental education of higher mathematics, a. but there are other strong competitors that specialize in slightly different aspects. well, for example, the financial academy focuses more on specific narrow financial specializations x is definitely a strong university. well, our federal universities in the regions are also quite strong, uh, this is novosibirsk and tomsk as well as the ural federal university. naturally, the novosibirsk state university and kazan are certainly strong, but in this sense, we understand that it is very important for us to maintain contacts with our regional universities and, for example, with the distant juicy federal university. we have a joint program. there is a joint program with the north-eastern federal university. we understand that an important moment for the development of economic education in russia is the construction of some network forms, of course, this is a very successful practice by foreign universities. do you have any

similar programs. such programs were economic, but it is clear that in the current circumstances there are obvious difficulties here. something remains, or even at the level of professorial staff at the level of researchers, most of the contacts have been preserved. and we remain on the international scientific agenda. what is the ratio of those who comes from the region, and does not submit documents, namely, it comes at the end of both residents, and large uh regions there. first of all, the capitals there are moscow and st. petersburg well, probably, uh, if we take our direction, then somewhere, probably, 40 percent comes from the regions, 60 percent from moscow and the region. and a. i mean, smart kids. these are mostly olympiad winners. here , what ratio is not necessarily the most likely to burn out the olympiads, but large cities or really large cities often win, but it really often happens from the outback too. uh, very strong guys, very talented

guys. what is the average score? e, let's say, how much higher is there, above 80, above 85, above 90 , you need to pass the use 95 to enter the faculty of economic sciences of the tower. that is , this is what we have there, i correctly understand that this is russian, and mathematics is english and the choice is either social science or computer science. you are more than what you need more than 85-90 or 95% more than 95, but, nevertheless. eh, feature. e lies in the fact that students have the opportunity, e, reaching certain scores, which may be below the passing enter commerce with a good discount of up to 70% hmm there is a chance, then transfer the entire budget, for example. there is what you need to do to enter the top, for this you need to enter a certain current, well, we have the rules posted on our pages. you can study them. and for this you have to remove someone from the budget.

no, that is, it is an additional budget. this is what we call quasi-budgets in places, and at the higher school of economics, by and large , some of the students teach at their own expense. more precisely , we simply build some redistribution mechanism the state, as we know from the point of view of the government, is engaged in the redistribution of income of the higher school of economics is engaged in the same redistribution in favor of talented guys who may not have enough points to pass on the budget, which they cannot pay the full cost of which they would like, uh , then a very commendable selection. this is an easy money podcast, i am its host mikhail khanov, and today our topic is the new generation of economists new in economic education in russia sergey's question is probably sad. tell me please. how many people, in percentage terms, swim to the end of this swim, if you can put it this way, the deans of the faculty of computational mathematics, cybernetics, said that only 47% of those who submitted

documents 6 years ago received diplomas this year, that is, they graduated and favorable magistracy. here is the actual quantity. they specifically calculated 47%, do you have some figure or do not keep it like that. by the way, well, we keep such statistics. i can't say we're driving her purposefully. there are several considerations here , the first considerations, and someone does not swim , someone swims more slowly in the sense that it is possible to ah. you can not cope with learning to take and make individual study plans and continue to study. and so it was possible. yes , it was possible. yes, this is called an academician, vacation or not? or something is not. that's exactly it. individual curriculum, when a student continues to study, but he is forced to finish those disciplines that he did not know within six years or you add within this in within the framework of four years of study, if the number of unpublished disciplines is critically large, then sometimes students go down a course. this is the first consideration the second consideration