this is a man who later became an intellectual. yes, this is a director who became an actor, this is an actor who became a writer, that is, shukshin really absorbed the most diverse facets of soviet life. and although outwardly it seems so simple-minded direct open to a large extent. it's a mask to a large extent. this is a convention. he was a secretive person. he was an encrypted person and it is not so easy to decipher him, but this is precisely the depth of shukshin's personality, the depth of his nature, this is, perhaps, the most remarkable is the most important thing about him, explaining his incredible success. and one more very important point, the biography of shukshin with sprouts. he managed to join the komsomol first, and then become a candidate member of the party, and therefore he was accepted not only as a talented person, he was accepted as well, if you want such a thing, but

it was not by chance that the faithful worker entered the first year in geek. he immediately took the lead. e, means the local bureau of the komsomol and, e, was one of those who drove with a calf and, in particular, drove e lyudmila gurchenko yes, for her all sorts of western habits , an incredible change continues to occur towards the end of his training, when shukshin turns into such a hooligan. if you like, when shukshin's views change radically. what was the reason for the changes that occurred with vasily makarych while he was studying at the augek is that in 1956, when shukshin was in his third year, the famous 20th party congress took place. after the twentieth party congress. these are the same men with sprouts, yes, who were shot in 1933. they were all rehabilitated and this terrible truth was hidden, which incredibly hit the noise, really. for him, it was an eternal

shock shukshin's fellow students at vgik, it was not by chance that they liked to remember that this guy, who walked in kerz boots, yes , who flaunted a little with his rural origin. this guy once stunned them by the fact that he read hamlet's monologue, it was hamlet who was his favorite literary hero. this is exactly the idea of ​​hamlet, the idea of ​​revenge for his father. she was for shukshin's key dream. she was, as it were , the goal of his life, and the fate of his father was his sonship. this is it in wheat, and undoubtedly the most important thing. and, in fact, shukshin sets as his goal to reveal this terrible truth of the time, the terrible truth, and to repent of his father for what he was forced, but forced to, but renounced. but besides these difficulties, there were

wonderful bright moments, firstly, to shukshin's classmates in afkik, there was andrei tarkovsky and this, of course. it's amazing how really these two are completely different. person. as they coincided in one place at one time and more, the first film role that shukshin played was a role in andrei tarkovsky's course film. it was the film the killer based on the story of ernesto hemingway shukshin played in it. the main role was played by the brilliant and here is the fact that and imagine the means of wheatgrass, as if shukshin was pushed onto the director's path. rum accepted him, tarkovsky discovered him, as an actor, and then the fate of shukshin will roll and everything will develop, this, of course, speaks of not an accident, but fate, but this person. and in general, uh shukshin, in fact, when we talk about his acting talent. here, as it seems to me, in order to become a director, he studied a lot. he was generally very good. a hardworking person, as a writer, he also certainly

worked very hard. well, here's how an actor! i have a feeling that he really played without difficulty, that that's all . all the people who knew him as an actor speak of the incredible naturalness of his acting talent , the impression is that this is fate, as it were, understanding the severity of his life. she gave him this gift. she gave him the acting gift of acting talent. just like that as a bonus. and this is acting, e, fate. eh, shukshina, she really was, uh , extremely, but successful, eh, but he dreamed of something else. he, of course, mechel about becoming a director and simultaneously developing a literary plot in his life, and in the early sixties, immediately after graduating from geek, shukshin simultaneously shoots films and at the same time. uh, works in literature in film. he doesn't do well at first. fortunately, because his graduation films are lazy. he reports that he did not have much success, and besides, mikhail ilyich rom shukshina, cooled off

, cooled down, because ron was a real teacher. uh, iron was very fond of educating people, and betraying them in shape. if i may say so, it was useless to educate shukshin. he came to vgik as an established adult, an accomplished person who wanted or had to take what he needed to take. here in gigiko, and then he went his own way, and at some point they parted ways with roma and rum helped him, in the way he helped tarkovsky or how he helped alexander mint or other film directors, although shukshin still loved roma very much and was always infinitely grateful to him, but one way or another, but shukshin, another wonderful soviet film director helped in his fate as a film director, and it was sergei apollinovich gerasimov who invited him to gorky's studio and actually it was there at the studio and gorky shukshin worked in ten years and it was there that they were filmed, and his

wonderful paintings, above all the film lives such a guy a film that had a huge success, indeed, a wonderful picture and what makes it even more interesting is that you watch this film really about a village guy, the film that shukshin shot in altai, but it’s amazing what he plays in this film, if you remember akhmadulina where shukshin was and where akhmadulina was but nevertheless, they saw each other, something very important, they reached out to each other, like incredibly talented people. and this is shukshin's ability to find talented people to surround himself with talented people. this is also so incredible, but a precious quality, eh his nature, but then the cinematic fate of shukshin, she a little stalled the second film, which he shoots again based on his own works. this is also important. yes, absolutely never took other people's scripts. he always enjoyed.

it is his own, but the texts are his plots, his heroes, and here is the second film that he shoots your son and brother, and did not have such a good rental did not have such a good fate as the film, the first third film, which is called strange people, and which, from my point of view, are definitely the pinnacle in shukshin's work. unfortunately , he failed. the audience left him and there was such a moment of memories. vasily belov tells about how once they, with shukshin, went to the cinema. but it was to see in vologda and strange people and people left, people left or shukshina. it was incredibly hard, but he did not blame anyone but himself for this departure. he will then write an article where such words will be tied in a knot, but do not shout, in an empty room. i shukshin makes very important conclusions for himself that it is necessary to shoot a folk movie, it is necessary to make a movie,

which is understandable to everyone and that is why he changes his style so dramatically and his next film, it turns out, is a picture, and the stove-shops are a picture that was shot, but completely, but it really was different, and a wonderful film, very smart, very subtle, very ironic film, which really was hard to pass through censorship, a film that did not like the local authorities in altai who wanted it to be depicted in a different way, but the altai land, but nonetheless. it was a picture, but absolutely wonderful, which brought great fame to shukshin, but not her considered the main film of his life and not even the film kalina krasnaya, which will be filmed shortly after the klavochek furnace, a film that, according to such a tragic fate of shukshin, will be the last one in his life. the fact is that shukshin could not make the main picture of his life, the main film of his life, shukshin could not make, and most importantly, his film, was dedicated to stepan razin and for shukshin indeed, it was extremely va. that shukshin wanted to make a film about his father in the amazing memoirs of

vasily belov there is a scene of how the two of them are two vasily, two russian peasants, two russian peasant sons. altai vologda. they really were very friendly. they are walking through the northern forest in the area of ​​​​the village where belov lived - this is the north of the vologda oblast, and there they are not afraid to speak openly and shukshin tells belov that he wants to make a film about the zone about the camp about how convicts arrange an escape, it is clear that it could be written about in a confrontation book, but it was impossible to make a film about it and the main, as if the main character for him, turns out to be stepan and shukshin planned to make a film that called i came to set you free. and now, in fact, the topic of will, it becomes key for him, but when he wrote the script for this film and when he brought it for discussion, and then, uh, then he

was told at the film studio that you want to make a film about the russian rebellion will not work. and what to do? shukshin he went to the very top. you do not want to agree with me, so i will go to the very top. he went to the bureau member on the old square, and pavel dimichev, who was in charge of cultural issues of the politburo, and he fooled him and achieved in order to allow demichev to shoot, and the film , uh, i came to give you free rein. shukshin has already begun to prepare for this shooting, and he went to astrakhan, went to school. caves monastery, and there he studied nature. he himself made up. he himself understood that he would play, and the main role would be played by stepan razin, and in general, preparations were already underway for the filming of this film, followed by such a very curious plot twist, and which was due to the fact that when the concept of this film was written, the script for this film

shukshin worked at this studio. yes, and he shot his films at this studio, then it was there that the discussion was going on, then the great soviet directors tatyana lioznoy stanislav rostotsky. they rebelled against this shukshin film for reasons that we all understand today, shukshin's picture came out too expensive, and therefore, if the studio launched it, it would be by another filmmaker. they simply wouldn’t get the money, and then shukshin left, and the mosfilm studio, and the mosfilm film studio, unlike gorky’s studio, was richer. there were a little. uh, other financial opportunities, even slightly different financial opportunities. and they offer shukshina. yes, well, and we will give you the opportunity to shoot such a film, especially since good things already existed from above, but first, take a picture for us a little more budgetary. and just like that, thanks. it was to this combination of circumstances that the brilliant film of shukshin kalina, the red film, appeared, which became his repentance to both

his mother and, in fact, to the village. there we continue. this podcast life is wonderful with you, i'm alexei varlamov and we're talking today, about vasily shukshin, shukshin was sure that now, after the success of kalina krasnaya. he will finally make his dream come true and make a film of his life. i came to give you free rein about stepan razin, but bondarchuk yes, sergei bondarchuk, our famous film director, uh , who generally led a-a studio, a mosfilm and on whom a lot depended, and he asked shukshin that before you vasya launch your new picture. star in my film they fought for the motherland, and for shukshin it was, in general , difficult, because he played one of the main roles and the film was shot in very such heavy. e conditions in the don steppes, but hot, but

in summer, but to refuse bondarchuk. he could not, and besides, there is such a version. eh what? such shukshin wanted to gain experience as a director. uh, the picture, they fought for the motherland was the same as the film that shukshin conceived such a battle canvas and therefore the experience of working in such a picture would also be important for him. in any case, he plays in this, but a film about the fall of 1974, october 2, seventy -four. he is found dead in the cabin. ship. it was such a floating hotel on the danube, where the actors lived, and it was there that shukshin was already actually after the end of filming, and the debate about what it was in such a metaphysical sense of the word still does not subside. well, as the block said. about pushkin yes, pushkin was killed by the lack of air. it can be said that, of course, shukshina also killed a kind of lack

of air, because he walked for too long to this picture of his, there were too many, and obstacles, it was too hard for him. life was the life of a russian man life the life of a person who stubbornly moved towards the goal and the death of shukshin struck the soviet people, love, for shukshin turned out to be a huge funeral such as moscow had not seen, probably since yesenin's funeral, and something else i want to say to shukshin, that's still a little about why he succeeded, because in the history of shukshin there is a lot of instructive and didactic. if i may say so. look, when shukshin was still a very young man. and when he i studied at the biysk automobile college, there was such a story, bisque, stands on the bi river, and along this bi- there was a barge that transported cheese, and this barge ran into stones

crashed and drowned and went to the bottom along with this cheese. it was november and the boys. knowing about it. they dived into the beater and got this cheese. it was very difficult to do because it was deep, because the current was fast, because the river was cold. and now shukshin's classmate writes that and we still dived and then arranged here such a small feast on the shore, it seems that the plot is in the stories. shukshin, he has such a short story, which is called cheese, there is the same plot. the same nature. badzha was broken cheese, cold water dived, but then shukshin writes. so those who dived took out the cheese and ate, i did not dive. point here, as it seems to me, here was the most important lesson for him, here he, as if not diving, then he

set himself this goal. if you didn’t dive, it’s your fault, you’re the only one who didn’t dive, then he dives later dives, as a great writer, and i did not have time to talk about it, but shukshin's literary fate tells. shukshina this is a completely separate amazing story, an acting fate. shukshina directorial, fate. shukshina , of course, is some amazing wonderful person, but the most important thing in him is that on top of these professional vocations. he was really a man with some kind of terrific huge conscience. he really was sick of russia, he lived in russia, he constantly thought about russia, and now, uh, shukshin kept such records in these records. and he has there are no such words now, it is important to break into the future. so did we break through into this future russia or did we not break through? this is a question that we have to answer, and not for him, and he is

buried at the novodevichy cemetery. and it is also very important that every year tens of thousands of people have been gathering from the sprouts on july 25 on his birthday for many, many years, near the shukshin monument there is a wonderful monument of work. and vyacheslav klykov, where shukshin is depicted as the hero of his own film. stoves-benches. remember when he says, at the very end, that's it, guys, it's over, and in non-mic records and letters he has such a phrase. it's not over yet. now, it seems to me that the story of shukshin is really an endless story and there will never be an end to it.

thank you it was a podcast in a wonderful life and its leading writer aleksey varlamov is with you. hello! welcome to the podcast of schrödinger's cat and i am its leading editor-in-chief of the popular science magazine schrödinger's code grigory tarasevich and my assistant bari the cat who will help me broadcast and talk with our wonderful guest. today in our studio michael gurevich. plotov, candidate of medical sciences , doctor, somnologist, employee of the sechenov university. well, in general, a person who knows a lot about sleep, mikhail yuryevich in general , how clear is it, what is sleep and why is it what, but deeper, we dive. they're all fucking learning about it, of course. we understand more and more how difficult this condition is. that is, now we a have a good idea of ​​how it happens, for example, the transfer of information during sleep compared to wakefulness. we have a good idea of ​​which areas of the brain work. in

sleep and actively, and which, on the contrary, work much less intensively compared to wakefulness, but to reach such a degree of understanding that, at will, induce sleep, for example, or, uh, at will there with the help of some technical devices, and science has not yet reached the modeling of the processes that occur in a dream, although the main thing. as a matter of fact, the result of this work should be precisely the practical application that we have included the gadget. yes , the person immediately fell asleep perfectly, slept well and woke up at the next click of this gadget, it is desirable to sleep, 8 hours not contracted, about three hours and vigorously went to work and solved some problems even during sleep, science. you understand why we sleep, because i have seen different hypotheses. there is a hypothesis that in order for the brain to process information it needs something just to rest, there is a hypothesis of our scientist overheating that the brain processes information there from the stomach of the intestines. you are the liver and

other organs. why are we sleeping? well, such a philosophical question and with hmm from the category. why do we live? yes, there are different states, so say being. yes, here is one state of the most famous state of wakefulness. here is wakefulness. we act in such and such a way, we perform such and such such and such functions. yes, we still do not know why we live. well, at least we know that in wakefulness there is no way that something must perform, but it is the same in a dream, that is, in a dream, some functions are also performed. and which ones, for example, but rest is a physical rest of the body, yes , it is performed, but also in cheerfulness we can lie down and lie down. although in a dream. we 'll recover better some er deeper the generalization of the information that we received in wakefulness in a dream takes place and sorted out. e memory. yes, it is also proven that in a dream it happens better than in age. not even in cheerfulness. this is also happening. that's energy conservation. yes, this is also a function. and

there are quite a lot of such functions, but still the most important, probably, is the theory that explains such an obligation, the state of sleep is informational. here it is assumed that this is the state of disconnection from the outside world. e, such programmed it is necessary in order to slightly redistribute the superfluous information flows, remove the necessary ones and store them in the corresponding areas of the brain, so that the next day for the next period of wakefulness. we were already again, uh, able to receive new information to a person superfluous. an hour, two three is useful. here's a classic way to sleep off on weekends. i know from my own experience that since i slept until 11:00 on saturday, i was in a bad mood. it's better on saturday eight to become there something good do what science says is helpful to sleep a little more physiologists. mm, after conducting

experiments, they showed that additional sleep helps a healthy person, in principle, in life. there is such a well-known so-called power-nap effect, the effect of energy oversleeping, when a person who seems to have slept normally at night after dinner can sleep for a few more tens of minutes 10 20 30 and i feel a surge of strength and he really improves. ah, performance. this has been proven by serious experiments in relation to sports performance. extra sleep by the way, useful how much is an extra half an hour or an extra 3 hours now is such a result of a settlement agreement. e experts on sleep issues that for a healthy adult it is necessary to get from 7 to 9 hours with us somewhere in this interval and there is an individual norm for almost all people, because, most likely, there is a genetic species diversity someone needs 7 hours of sleep for someone. and a half to someone, uh 8.2

uh hours well, the majority fit into this norm and, accordingly, if a person exceeds this amount of sleep, then nothing terrible, most likely, will not happen and rather he will benefit from this. why harm, and you yourself love on weekends, when there is an opportunity to sleep an extra hour or two or three, and i would, yes, i would like to get such behavioral sleep, but in most cases, i do not allow myself to completely relax. yes , this is also a problem for many actively working people. i think that's when there are all possibilities, and not sleepy. yes, because a person is already in such an active mode all the time. yes, they are for you really need to relax, well, make an effort on yourself. well, back to the original. what is sleep some special state? yes, it means he is special e. i don't even have a nervous system, a special state

of the organism, because at this time the nervous system works in a different way and in a different way. as a matter of fact, the body also works , many processes are slowed down a little. moreover, some are not only slowed down, they are generally performed in a different way. well, umm . what example can be given here in relation to the nervous system is very indicative of my point of view is the approximate electrical activity of the brain. here, uh, when during the daytime an electroencephalogram is recorded in the brain of those who are awake , brain activity, there such waves go quite often, the alpha rhythm is called , in a dream we see completely different waves, they are slow, so very high-amplitude. here is a very regular one. if we doctors see these waves of wakefulness. this is absolutely not normal. this means a person is in a coma or he has some kind of severe damage in this area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe brain, that is, this it cannot be in wakefulness, but in a dream. well , if we see the same huge waves,

it means that he is sleeping very deeply, which means that he is very well now one example of another. the example is also such a textbook, as they say in relation to the body. here is m-m growth hormone with mototropic hormone. uh, it's almost fully developed. e in a state of sleep, that is, that's when they say that children grow up in a dream. yes , indeed, children grow in their sleep, because 70% of the total daily production of growth hormone is emitted in a single pulse in the beginning of deep sleep, when we go through the first period of deep sleep, at this time children are reset, you can convince them to go to bed early by the fact that you will sleep well and grow taller and bigger. it’s unlikely that this will convince them, frankly speaking, can the state of sleep at all, as you use it for the needs of development training, well, at the beginning of the 20th century, it was a popular idea that you can learn languages ​​​​in

your sleep . yes, there is no time, it is not clear. what we do, of course, convinced there waves something else. well, it's a shame a third of the time, what can you do study there, but generate electricity for the brain? perhaps also in a dream? yes, well, that's what it was called about hypnopedia. this is the m-th direction of learning in a dream. e already. ah, last century. there, in the seventies , a firm conclusion was made that there was nothing new in a dream. it is impossible to learn, because the state of sleep requires the nervous system to be disconnected from external impulses. that is, new information does not pass through this block. yes, and i, when we listen to the tape recorder, for example, there with the recording of english lessons there, quite simply. this information will not pass further here is the bc of the brain. now a new trend has appeared - this is

the next round, as it were. here is the same direction. it turned out that, yes, it is impossible to learn anything new in a dream, but to consolidate the knowledge already gained. in a dream, you can, that is, if there are specially techniques that allow you to strengthen this process of memory consolidation, that is, remembering that we already knew what kind of techniques, but this block e external signals during sleep, it is not absolute and any mother who raised a baby. yes, she remembers how she woke up to the most insignificant changes. there is the rhythm of his breathing. yes, after all, you can set yourself up in your nervous system so that these stimuli partially pass through this filter, and there are some modalities. here are these external stimuli that pass in general during sleep, even so to speak, without being filtered, but smells, that is, here. not on smells we feel as well as in

wakefulness. well, that's probably important. the animal was to feel the danger of another predator came up immediately woke up and the scientists used this property. er, so sleep or er brain activity in sleep and they were testing, er, already er, the next level idea about learning that in the dream state there is an active process of remembering, that is. ah, the state of sleep. it's not just the absence of new information that could displace the previous one, if it came on because it does not displace the previous information either. better remembered this process is called interference, and it well known in wakefulness. when something prevents us from remembering. here it is, next to us, is already mumbling something else. and we can't concentrate. here, and here , it turned out that in a dream, but a more active process is taking place. eh, so to speak, this information processing according to modern ideas. several times during sleep

, this information comes out, as if from our memory, it appears to our inner gaze. we, as it were , throw it over, and then it returns back to the bins of memory, that is, it is pumped several times. like this in one other side from well, if you simplify, uh, cortical representation of the hippocampus area, this is such a main memory center and then again from the hippocampus area. again. she leaves him in the cortical representation and this process. uh, it can be done, it turns out to be more effective, indeed, drugs were selected that can enhance this process of memory consolidation, and you can still do another such way, just give this olfactory stimulus at a time when this is consolidation, according to scientists happens in a dream. that is, if this is an experiment that was confirmed, so to speak, if during the memorization of some material of a person. ah, he feels a certain smell on here.

well, he also associates this material with this smell. yes, then the person falls asleep. here the experimenter gives him again. same smell, same smell. uh, through here's an additional association. it kind of strengthens these processes of consolidation. this explains the popular hypothesis, if you put the textbook on the bed, and fall asleep. this knowledge is negotiation, the textbook is the same it smells like something else in there. i took a textbook and read this smell, it can be strong, odorous textbook somewhere i have deposited. i fell asleep next to the textbook, the smell continues to stimulate me. no, it does not work. it's been a long time, probably studied, and it seems to me that for a modern young man, the smell of coffee will be more like that. eh, so to speak, an associated stimulus with learning. than the smell. hey, there's a textbook. i'm changing the landing site for her, we won't make it in time. a sniper is needed, but there is one born on navy day

on sunday on the first. you gera, i am its host grigory tarasevich and my assistant the cat bari and today we have a guest mikhail plektov, a somnologist, a dream. there are many legends, as a rule, not true, that great discoveries came to great scientists in dreams. well, mendeleev is definitely not, he was half asleep in the description when he finally formulated the periodic law. in general , she can dream of something useful. well , there is, uh, depressing statistics that suggests that most of the discoveries did not occur in the state of hydrogenation. creates sleep. that is, especially it is not worth, so to speak, e to exaggerate too much, but the role of creative dreams. although really. and hmm such observations were more

impressive to me. the story of the german physicist hmm friedrich august kekul, who discovered er, the formula for benzene in a dream, and it's well documented. this remembrance that's when he worked on this shape to understand how atoms behave. well, it was impossible to imagine. yes, what really hmm can close the chemical structure of all thoughts in such a linear paradigm, yes and uh, and no one could understand how how this substance behaves and apparently. well, as a result of these long waking thoughts, yes, which did not lead to anything, yes, passing into a state. not sleep, in a state in which uh hmm the brain works differently. here. e, for example, a feature of e dreams is the absence of criticism. yes, we are not surprised. if in a dream we meet there with someone whom we have not seen for a long time, we end up in some place in which we, well, probably were or saw somewhere

only in the cinema. yes, and this does not surprise us, because at this time it is really that part of the brain that is responsible for a critical attitude towards reality. she's off. she sleeps this frontal lobe of the brain. basically a man in a dream. he is like a drunk. yes, under the influence of alcohol. he also say so. e is also not critical. so this allows a creative person to open up, and now stop believing that the formula of benzene can only be lenin, and now he dreamed of a snake biting his tail. yes he i shouted, probably, there dreams of eureka yes, and so to speak, really this ring form was opened. gold that no one could have imagined in the world before. and why do some have color prices, some have black and white, some have more active action, in general, dream plots. where do they come from? well, in a scientific point of view, there is such a winged expression. as a matter of fact, his mikhalych sechenov is our outstanding scientist. da

25 said that a dream is not an experienced combination of experienced impressions. in fact nothing absolutely new that a person has not met or heard about in a dream cannot appear, because the fabric of a dream is made up of memories only from what has already been recorded, but in the cerebral cortex. it's a different matter that these memories can be very bizarre, and combined with each other, but more often than not , i also like to repeat this quote, which is the first researchers of dreams. they wrote down that our uh, our dreams are something simple. and don't give us but a special occasion about them to think, that is, in the majority. dream events are a reflection of mental activity that preceded sleep. just chewing on these daily impressions. here, indeed, more often we see, e, dreams about a film that we watched before going to bed. there's

a plot here in a book of conversation, which is some kind of plot, well, in the vast majority of cases. it is, after all, a continuation of normal life. and i dream the same. i completely agree with this point of view, since i dream of such let’s say there are no production affairs or there is no family, but the patients dream of conferences there, some difficulties of the person who dreamed of the conference. no, it's just a manufacturing process. yes and hmm well, i don't even remember that there was some kind of dream in it, that's the meaning that i could not explain to myself. i understand that i dreamed it, because i am preparing for this, because i think about it, well, what? still, the color of dreams, my friends are very worried about why some black and white others are colored blind. that's how no one differed in color, how would it be different a story, if a blind man from birth dreams of touching her, he will not be able to dream of any at all.