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a career with a hairdresser did not work out, in fact, sasha was a valuable employee there , he won competitions and returned to start working for himself. start a business with a savings account and pay with a business card at any convenient time. and get 10% cashback on your purchases. oh, you're handsome, we are trusted by millions of entrepreneurs. chapter 4 jokes some of the scenes of this film are themselves like it's like a movie adaptation of these future jokes, because, well, we could be quite comical

about seeing smart people get into stupid situations. like for example an armored one, when stirlitz comes to him with news, he goes along the corridor. which corridor along our corridor? it's clear. wait a second. shtilets goes along the corridor. after all, we know today along our corridor. stirlitz is walking along our corridor. where is he going? bronevoi listens, apparently, to the bbc western voices, the same, by the way, the lawyer about

whom bormann played in the 17th moment of some said that these are the actors who played just the germans. during the filming , it seemed to them that this was really some kind of crap. uh, here, maybe somewhere in uryupinsk they will look seriously. it will be accepted. it is generally not very clear what these are some kind of some form of some kind of pistols. we play some kind of war game and say such refrains, but this really became the basis of numerous anecdotes, which i think can be divided into several subspecies, firstly, this is the feeling of confrontation muller and shtirlitsa muller and stirlitz are walking along the streets of berlin or the policy. and look what a beautiful snow muller says the way stirlitz says here in russia and then thinks if i’ve spilled something superfluous , these phrases can immediately stop, and with the final phrases of a joke, or something about

, uh, subbotnik communist and on which stirlitz does not want to go and writes a statement that he is a soviet spy. schellenberg says muller here are some such absurd things that all the time. eh, inside they have this idea. yes , everyone understands that stirlitz is a spy. well, he gets out of all situations so well that everyone allows him to do it, and muller is also a soviet spy and a soviet spy shelenberg. in fact. this is such a hypothesis. what anecdotes, but reveal the nature of the series, all these. it was a cunning tavern muller worked in it. counterintelligence stirlitz knew that a special circular was issued from the detachment, forbidding visiting this tavern party members and the military, so naive talkers considered themselves completely safe there, you don’t assume that every

table was bugged by a hystap. it's something right away. uh, clues for jokes. and but this feeling that everyone roughly understands that stirlitz is tikhonov, everyone knows that everyone here is their own well schellenberg well, what kind of shader is he, he is tabakov, this is such a recognizable face. and what is it korolev put on a bandage and thinks that jokes will not recognize him, as if they open this gap between the actor and the hero everything is so serious on the screen that it is impossible to believe that it is really played seriously and in jokes, then enough. quickly, by the way, just some linguistic jokes begin to appear. yes, and stirlitz fired at point -blank range, the nonsense screeched loudly and screamed, and the stilts looked out the window from the barrel window, that the elevator closed the magician and the barrel disappeared. uh, stirlitz

shot at miller, the bullet bounced off his armor, thought stirlitz stirlitz gave the cat gasoline to drink. the cat walked a few steps and fell, probably ran out of gas, because well, and i can't now, as if now it would flow would not stop. hmm on a tree. someone knocked uh, stirlitz uh, thought no, woodpecker, thought, stilts. you yourself are a woodpecker, i thought muller was offended. yes, the dead was offended by exactly such stupid jokes, which, at the same time, really tell us something about the series and about the people who watched it. yes, the audience is even more of a degree than the series, because the series remained; these jokes are gone, or rather remained in their time. ah, but at the same time, how would we still be interested watch the actors who are no longer sleeping with us. unfortunately, for me, too, there are no survivors from those who were directly involved in the creation of this series, but it’s still interesting for us to watch, and it’s time

to move on to the fifth chapter, chapter five, on the screens. atmosphere well, this is such an eclectic assembly point of the soviet life of the poor, to be honest, because in general, all these objects that we see on the screen, which we have here in our studio, viennese chairs and a round table. they seem to be from different eras, but they were generally present in the homes of very many soviet people in the studio of the thirties forties of the fifties, and together with the armchairs of the later 760s of the seventies. all this is the whole world of things. it seemed to be clearly embodied here on the screen of the wall and, of course, when criticizing the series they say that there is nothing new. yes, with the real third reich there, of course, it doesn’t have real germany, because there were other

directors who could recreate and fuck on the screen with all the means that were. well , naturally, of course, objects fell time on the screen straight and that's why the audience. in general, it was like that. and it’s nice to look so comfortably at a life that was already very distant by that time, to some extent, of course, exotic, but it was exotic. that 's close to suitcases, but glasses, but potatoes, maybe that's why the series was then watched, uh, by front-line soldiers and the next generation. and this is a series. as it turned out, even the aircraft spoke about this for her. it was very valuable, and brought the generation together. just people sat at the tv together and we looked at, yes, these very, er, statistical data, when less water was consumed, and more electricity. this means that the whole family really sits down at the tv and, looking at the screen, continues to discuss the events that take place on the screen, and this, and the relationship

of a generation is the convergence of generations. i think even after 50 years, it does not stop. it seems to me that the important thing here is that elioz. she created a cartoon genre product under the guise of an adventure series, as they would say now, again, but she was ahead of her time came to the conclusion that now it is absolutely the norm in television production, when we have, well, and in a big movie. actually. yes, we have elements of comedy, please, we have elements of melodrama, right here on the rupture of the aorta, you are a child and a wife and that's it. here it is, uh, a psychological drama, of course, where would it be without it and still a little action film a little action, because where without it and let's not forget about the detective, these hooks that she hangs at the end of each series really makes us to think what will be with the hero in the next series, but we

haven’t seen him for almost the whole series, what happens he fell asleep for 20 minutes, but he is nowhere to be found. and these elements are amazing, but the combination somehow works harmoniously. filigree not in vain chess appears there, because in fact, liozno arranges these images yes, metaphors for the film and, of course, these heroes whom she collides are bred for 12 episodes, they are also a little like chess pieces, but they are very lively chess pieces . we are looking at them closely. i understand that now reconsidering. and this one film we see acting work. we are interested in just watching the movements. there's tobacco on the armored screen. and tikhonov and many other actors, because their acting skills are the most striking in this film. yes. the main thing is this concentration of actors, the concentration of magnificent actors in the frame, in my opinion, it goes off scale. that's the truth, if you know, especially, and their

filmography, if you know their faces, this is actually part of now the real industry too. so why, if we try? also today we can look at 17.5 spring. why are we interested in watching it? why is it still relevant? pure cinema is cartoonish, but how the actors work , how it allows us to look at these actors, how it is possible in fact, now many people come to this e, not from the series, to memes and jokes. yes, from jokes to the series, so, where does this phrase come from, here are all the sources of these phrases that we can repeat even without thinking about where they come from? well, even, and your tirli will ask you to stay. yes, she almost already broke away from her heroes. so you can come to this the series behind it can be seen. in what

context was it said? and how they looked at each other at the same time yes, but what was there? besides words? and this is a habit developed over the years, and stirlit knew that the very last phrase is always remembered. what connected these phrases? yes, what stood between them, and between them stood many more, and very very expressive phrases between them stood many expressive gestures, and looks, er, confrontation, conflicts and that's all. it's just over the course of 12 episodes of liozny i remembered that they called her at home. uh, workers of some soviet enterprise of some factory asked, what will be there in the next series. let the radio operators remain alive and from or not. come on, please, we have work worth saying, they told her mom on the phone. and tell us a hint will stay alive or not. and my mother, this director, religiously says that i cannot reveal all the secrets to you. look and

find out everything, please, we need. if you return to work, that's it, she will remain alive, that's it, girls, we are working. then she will be alive. here it is, spectator television before the release from 17 moments of the spring of soviet television. they didn’t know anything , these are the origins of this boom from the real one, which will be later in the nineties. it was all in a sense with the financial ones not remembering the dress rehearsal. before that , with a real boom later. actually. the main thing that we can say is to repeat the words of tatyana lioznova's mother. watch and find out, he's so much more than what we can say about him and this show still speaks best for itself. enjoy watching. what was for the most difficult thing for me was to leave everything in the big

city and return home, in fact, sasha was a valuable employee there, he won competitions and returned to start working for himself at a convenient time. and get 10% cashback on your purchases. oh, you're handsome sber business, we are trusted by millions of entrepreneurs for free, hot food from the supermarket is forced from cafes to restaurants for free by vtb buyers,

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hello. with you, the schrödinger code podcast and i'm its lead editor-in-chief of a popular science magazine, which is also schrödinger's cat and my co-host bari's cat, he's my some kind of non- schrödinger and we are talking simply about complex things and difficult about simple things and our today's guest is konstantin severinov, doctor of biological sciences, professor and a person who is now working on a project with the very unconscious name of 100.000. the genomes of the russians, it just sounds frightening. i have read comments about this project. there were the craziest versions, including the fact that the genomes of russian people will be sold like oil. it was the most moderate version, and

the worst thing was that they want to take away their genomes from the russians or deprive us of the denk in order to calm our most active fellow citizens. let's recall what a genome is, what it means to be a carrier of genetic information, the material carrier of genetic information that we pass on to our children, and receive from our parents , is a molecule called dna deoxyribonucleic acid, and on this molecule, how to wear material or how to the magnetic tape says that you are you and i am me, and barium. this is bari and the dna molecules are very long in every cell of our body. we have hundreds of trillions of cells containing about 2 m, but these double dna helices that many people probably imagine imagine small little cells in each crammed with 2 m. these are such tiny molecules, here is the dna

that is in our cells, it is the same in our body, because we received half of our dna from mom and half from dad so that's all this genetic information that makes you with you. and me me about the bar bar. it's called a gene, because this information can be read, there is some procedure called sequencing or in russian, probably, definition of the dna sequence where we really just read a set of such genetic letters. these are chemical molecules for convenience. i will call them ags, and t, and here is this long long text in the case of a person. it contains six billion letters and is almost that 6 billion. it is the genome now a more difficult question. what are the russians in terms of genetics, we exist within the political boundaries of our state and for our project the russians. these are residents, and our country is unimportant. this is a russian jew, tatars and hungarians or nanais. it's all the russians moreover possessed. and a russian

passport, and a person born in england , for example, is also a russian for us, that is, genes are tied in this case to a passport. yes, but still, the majority of the inhabitants of our country and their ancestors lived, but in these geographical boundaries, in varying degrees of certainty, we are also interested. in particular, genetic diversity is demographic, as we call it the inhabitants of our country, that is, to understand how, at the gene level , a conditional kumyk differs from a conditional tatar. can you can yes? what, in general it is known about the genetic differences between the existing relations in russia, it is better to first determine what is generally known about the genetic differences between people. in general, our genome ultimately determines our individuality. now, if you look at one egg gemini , we can often confuse them, but just looking at them, it’s difficult to confuse you with me. yes, and that's what happens, because i'm alone. twins

have almost identical genomes, they are clones . one egg twins occur when one a fertilized egg containing the genetic information of mom and dad, sharing, gives rise to not one body, but two bodies. yes, but it is also obvious that e genetic information is important in order for it to determine unconditionally how we look. that is why one of our gemini is similar. yes, in a sense it is personal data. sometimes when i give the whole project there, when we work with schoolchildren, and the children are so clear and beautiful. i sometimes discuss with them. who do you think the dwarf was determined to be per person? it's interesting how this person relates to each of us. so they start to think, and then someone gives out in a choked voice. he must have been a very good and kind person. here i am sure that this is so and we are all good people. yes, but, in fact, if i'm not mistaken, this is some kind of american. no, but one of the genomes the fact

is that the procedure for determining the first human genome, and it was a kind of race and was a state program. this which was performed jointly by the british and americans and was a private event, a each of these works lasted about 10 years and involved thousands of scientists. it was billions of dollars, in fact, and but private traders, as it were, won this race, and a person named edge gventor was identified who led this project. but still, back to how that genome relates to yours or mine, it turns out that we are all people, of course, but we are all variations on some theme, and each of us differs from the other by one dna letter per 1,000 on average. letters. well in sequence dna this way. this is one tenth of a percent difference. this means that if we have a genome of 6 billion letters, then each of us differs from the other by 6 million. positions or mutations, if

you like, and these mutations can be similar, or they can be completely different, such typos are scattered throughout this text . well, let's get back to the 100,000 russian genomes project. well, it's clearly not a conspiracy to steal our genes or create a superweapon. and what is the purpose of scientific medical economic for what this project is carried out within the framework of cooperation technological with the state the state has a large federal scientific and technical program. here is the development of genetic technologies. there is an understanding that genetic technologies. we need to develop programs. this is the thirtieth year scheduled the creation of a genetic genomic center, where is produced if the veneration by the creation of the base of the project itself is called 100.000. plus i am this, well, anyone out there, well in this case. i am this is the idea of ​​voluntariness. it must be present here, because it is voluntary.

but i can donate my genome or 100,000 no, you can't do it, because out of those 100,000, and probably it should be called 100,000. plus. we must understand that this is a corporate program. therefore , dna sequencing is mainly carried out for employees of the company and their families, and a very significant amount of work is done with medical partners. these are leading medical research centers. that is, if i'm not sick with something, well, so genetically exotic, then you don't need my genome. we need all genomes, but we are talking about the complete gene secretion. the goal of the whole genome project. well, for those volunteers who participate in it, and the creation of a database, analysis, which will then allow you to do a number of things. you can then talk about what it may be needed for, but such an analysis costs money, in fact, a lot of money in the world. and now the price of such an analysis has dropped below $ 1,000 , that is, the fact that 20 years ago one genome cost 10 years to read and about $ 6 billion is now

done in 2 days and costs less than $ 1,000, the price has decreased in millions. this is it much cooler than with computers. so what will happen in 20 years? well, it was 20 years later. well, now we are starting to talk about meanings, because it is absolutely obvious that in 20 years it will cost quite cheaply. well, just like cellular telephones with all these classic examples of the development of these technologies. and this technology is transforming - na - it will change the world, because the analysis of the gnome sequences of each of us, but allows us to predict our risks and the genetic development of those or other diseases in the course of life makes it possible to predict, and the carriage or absence of carriage of some pathogenic mutations, which is very important to know, for example, when planning a family or at some such a large level, and making health care decisions, and moreover allows to identify

new, and states new mutations allow diagnosing new genetic diseases. imagine even 20 years ago, well, 30 years ago there were about 60 known traces of genetic diseases, for example, sickle cell anemia, then lysemia hemophilia. everyone knows there tsarevich alexei a. now their number is calculated. it has not yet reached 10,000, but already more than 6,000 is definitely a condition that has been identified . well, some cases, yes, which geneticists could follow, but could not figure out the cause. now it is being done. in general, it's easier than ever to take relatively speaking, parents of grandfathers and children who have. in this family, whether or not there is a manifestation of such a disease, and after reading their dna

, simply compare to make such. well, a pretty simple association. are there any characteristic changes? these are the very misprints of the mutation in those for whom the disease manifests itself and for those to whom it does not manifest itself and thus find. and well, some conditions that apparently are either diagnostic or associated with a disease or cause a disease, which is much more important, the first is necessary for diagnostics, the second is needed for treatment now tens of millions of planogenome sequences, and identified and deposited in databases in the us uk european, a very large project. now it is in the arab countries in china, and so on and so forth, and in russia, in public databases, at best, it is stored well , in accessible databases, if not we are talking about private people who identified this gene in the company in private, well, for their own we are talking about interest, well, about less than ten thousand genes, there simply is not there at all, not because. what, uh, someone really needs this. it’s just that we didn’t have this technology developed and there wasn’t a single player who could

raise such a project. well, after all, we’ve read these 100,000 genomes, what can we learn about a country, about health, about people, about ethnic groups? what's new is a very large country, multinational, geographically diverse and very poorly understood. here at this gene level. yes, and this plays against us, because it is already clear that the set of these changes is once again 6 million, changes characteristic of each person living relative to other people, these changes, on the one hand, make us individuals. but most of these changes don't. we are not smarter or prettier. they are just such a kind of natural variability of a person as a species, but the presence of such a background, if you like, can be very strong. to influence how really pathogenic really harmful mutations, such

as those that determine congenital genetic diseases, are manifested. or like cancer most cancers that manifest themselves are not laid on the level. and when they start you, but just during your life, but little by little, you accumulate additional changes in your dna, and the longer you live, the more they are imposed. we are a teacher, burning, abelev, said that all of us , all of us, will die of cancer if we live to see it. so eventually you have some kind of genetic damage that cells lead to the fact that the cells go crazy. yes, and so, how all these undesirable effects from our point of view occur strongly depends on this genetic background, which is individual to the previous one for each of us.