some kind of unrealistic cut happens to people, what they don’t come up with, you can really find very interesting models. very interesting styles are no longer considered indecent to come in bright- colored suits. yes, combine suits with sneakers. even the skirt, for example, used to be pencil skirts, standard jackets, now there are variations of dresses, a bunch of different skirts, bologna skirts, midi maxi-satin floor-length denim skirts. well, yes. well, the same combination dresses combined with a jacket. pretty office style. and so when people are now saying, well office style is dull. and it seems to me that there is just some kind of new sexuality in this. this is even something that moves from offices on the city streets and to parties at some point , remember trouser suits came into fashion. uh-huh it was wildly trendy all. well, and until now there can somehow not work in the office, they all wore. suddenly became incredibly businesslike

wearing karin's pantsuit. yeah, well, what, well, i like to go to some shoots where you have to look more serious than usual, a i want to, well, really put on something more strict. well, this only emphasizes which one we take again. i think relevance is everything. here is what the girls said, that i absolutely agree with this and there are some trends that are adopted by the audience, from the same influencers, but for me personally. it seems to me that this is a little inappropriate at school, for example, when girls adopt some, well, frank things from influencers. well , because now it is very fashionable suits in the grid. as i think all of you have probably seen yes, when everything is completely out of the grid. and here it is in different colors. it's open here, it's open. but maybe, of course, i was a bore and stifled, but it seems to me that girls at a young age and at school are not very appropriate. here 's how you don't like it. well. liked

your influences. well, who are you following someone, and this is probably more suitable for some kind of vacation. yes, well, this kind of clothing, and it seems to me that i would very much like people to understand this correctly and correctly evaluate the clothes that broadcasts. uh, people are popular. and you know, i noticed, in general, that schoolchildren have their own kind of parallel fashion , they have, apparently, some kind of influencers that we don’t see, i know everything about them everything and butt. yes, everyone comes, and they have a korean booty, they have several sections, that is, youth. now i’ve divided it into two, as if such camps are just like that, and the girls who are watching this skirt tops are a bright barbie story. well, at least there are girls who are here straight grand sixth. history is high. that is boots. this is something about a year m. here is something like that, but more modern and fashionable. that is, it is stretched sleeves. this, well, i'm sorry, such a little greasy. hair, well, that is, it's straight, and the hoods are all

closed. all dark with some, and crash-dyed, but the boys are multi-colored. yes? that is, it's right here separately. and here are two absolutely parallel realities. and by the way, this is influenced precisely by e influencers, who, as it were, whom they follow, these are daughter subcultures. masha is absolutely here is a description of this whole orange story. well, it's really cool, looks 9 years old. she wears all my t-shirts and big ones, but it looks great. today we discussed so many different trends and so many interesting things that, to be honest, i now have a desire to go shopping from this studio. well, at least, since the shops are closed at night, just arrange a little online shopping. thank you very much for an interesting conversation. he was really very helpful very kind bright and saturated, and i hope that we will have many, many warm days ahead, when we will be able to work out your trends, which we talked about today.

yes, thank you very much. it was very nice to chat. thanks a lot. it was not a podcast, but stay in the trends and always stay with us all our episodes can be viewed on the site of the first hello. with you, the schrödinger code podcast and i am its lead editor-in-chief of a popular science magazine, which is also schrödinger and my co-host cat he doesn’t sew my bari, and we are talking simply about complex things and difficult about simple things and our today's guest konstantin severin is a doctor of biological sciences , a professor and a person who is now working on a project with a very unconditional

name 100.000. the genomes of the russians, it sounds right, frightening. i have read comments about this project. there were the craziest versions, including the fact that the genomes of russian people will be sold like oil. it was the most moderate version, and the worst thing sounded like the russians want to take away their numbers and deprive us of dna to appease our most active fellow citizens. let's recall what a genome is, what it means to be a carrier of genetic information, a material carrier of genetic information that we pass on to our children, and receive from our parents, is a molecule called dna deoxyribonucleic acid, and on this molecule, as on a material carrier, as on the magnetic tape says that you are you and i am me, and barium. this is bari and uh, the dna molecules are very long

in every cell of our body. we have hundreds trillion cells contain about 2 m. but these double helixes of dna, which probably imagine a lot. imagine small, small cells. each one is crammed with 2 m. these are such thin molecules. here is the dna that is in our cells, it is the same in our body, because we received half of our dna from mom, and half from dad, so this is all this genetic information that makes you you, and me me, and bare bare, and it is called a gene, because this information can be read there some procedure is called sequencing or in russian, probably dna sequencing, where we really just read a set of such genetic letters. these are chemical molecules for convenience. i will call them ags, and t, and here is this long long text in the case of a person. it contains six billion letters and is almost that 6 billion. it is the genome now a more difficult question. what

are the russians in terms of genetics, we exist within the political boundaries of our state and for our project the russians. these are residents, and our country is unimportant. this is a russian jew, tatars and hungarians or nanais. these are all russians, moreover, but possessed. and a russian passport, and a person born in england, for example, is also a russian for us, that is, genes are tied in this case to a passport. yes, but still, the majority of the inhabitants of our country and their ancestors lived, but in these geographical boundaries, with varying degrees of certainty, we are also interested. in particular, genetic diversity is demographic, as we call it the inhabitants of our countries, that is, to understand how, at the level of the gene , a conventional kumyk differs from a conventional tatar. can you can yes? and what is generally known about the genetic differences between the existing relations in russia, it is better to first determine what is generally

known about the genetic differences between people. in general, our genome ultimately determines our individuality. now, if you look at identical twins. we can often confuse them, but simply, looking at them, it is difficult to confuse you with me. yes, and that's what happens, because i'm alone. and twins have almost the same genomes , they are clones. one egg twins occur when one fertilized egg, containing the genetic information of mom and dad, divides to form not one body, but two bodies. yes, but it is also obvious that e genetic information is important in order for it to determine unconditionally how we look. that is why one of our gemini is similar. yes, in a sense it is personal data. i sometimes when i give there we have a project when we work with schoolchildren, and the children are not cloudy and beautiful. i sometimes discuss with them. what do you think, whose gnome was determined, what

kind of person? it's interesting how this person relates to each of us. so and they start to think, and then someone gives out in a choked voice. he must have been a very good and kind person. here i am sure that this is so and we are all good people. yes, but, in fact, if i'm not mistaken, this is some kind of american. no, but one of the genomes the fact is that the procedure for determining the first genome man, and it was a kind of race and was a state program. this was done jointly by the british and americans and was a private event, and each of these works lasted about 10 years and thousands of scientists were involved. these were billions of dollars, in fact, but private traders, as it were, won this race, and a person named edge gwenter was identified who led this project. but still, back to how that genome relates to yours or mine, it turns out that we are all people, of course, but we

all variations on a theme, and each of us , on average, differs from the other by one dna letter per 1,000 letters. well in the dna sequence this way. this is one tenth of a percent difference. this means that if we have a genome of 6 billion letters, each of us differs from the other by 6 million. or mutations, if you like, and these mutations can be similar, or they can be completely different, such typos are scattered throughout this text, well let's get back to the project of 100,000 genomes of russians. well, obviously this is not a secret conspiracy with purpose to steal our genes or create. uh, superweapon, and what is the purpose of scientific medical economic for what this project is being carried out within the framework of technological cooperation with the state. the state has a large federal scientific and technical program. here is the development of genetic technologies. there is an understanding that genetic technologies. we need to develop

programs. this is the thirtieth year of the scheduled creation of the genetic genomic center. where is produced for example, down the creation of the base, the project itself is called 100.000. plus i am this well, anyone there? well, in this case. i am this is the idea of ​​voluntariness. it must be present here, because it is voluntary. but i can donate my genes or not 100,000, you cannot do it, because out of these 100,000. a probably it should be called 100.000 plus. we need to understand that this is a corporate program, so, uh, basically , dna sequencing is done for employees of the company , their families, and a very significant amount of work is done with medical partners. these are leading medical scientific centers. that is, if i'm not sick with something, well , so genetically exotic, then you don't need my genome. we need all genomes, but we are talking about total gene secretion. the goal of the whole genome project. well, for those volunteers who participate in it, and

the creation of some, but an analysis database, which will then allow you to do a number of things. you can then talk about what it may be needed for, but such an analysis costs money, in fact, a lot of money in the world. and now the price of such an analysis has dropped below 1.000 dollars, that is, what 20 years ago one genome cost 10 years to read and about 6 billion dollars is now done in 2 days and costs less than 1,000 dollars, the price has decreased in millions. this is much cooler than with computers. so what will happen in 20 years? well, it was 20 years later. well, now we are starting to talk about meanings, because it is absolutely obvious that in 20 years it will cost quite cheaply. well, just like cellular telephones with all these classic examples of the development of these technologies. and this technology is transforming - na - it will change the world, because the analysis of the gnomes of the sequence of each of us, and allows us to predict our risks and genetic development of certain

diseases in the course of life, allows us to predict, and the carriage or lack of carriage of some pathogenic mutations, which is very important to know, for example, when planning a family or when, such a large level, and making health care decisions, and moreover, allows you to identify new ones, and new mutations allow you to diagnose new genetic diseases. imagine even 20 years ago, well, 30 years ago there were about 60 known inherited genetic diseases, for example, sickle cell anemia, or semey hemophilia. everyone knows there tsarevich alexei a. now their number is estimated, but it has not yet reached 10,000, but already more than 6,000 is definitely a condition that has been identified . for example, in a family there were some, well, some cases, yes, which

geneticists could follow, but could not figure out the cause. now it is being done. in general, it’s easier than ever to take , relatively speaking, the parents of grandfathers and children who have. in this family, whether or not there is a manifestation of such a disease, and after reading their dna , simply compare to make such. well, a pretty simple association. are there any characteristic changes? these are the very typos of the mutation in those for whom the disease manifests itself and in those for whom it does not manifest itself, and thus find. and well, some conditions that are apparently either diagnostic or associated with a disease or cause a disease. what is much more important, the first is needed for diagnosis, the second is needed for treatment, now tens of millions of genome-wide sequences, and have been identified and deposited in databases in the united states of great britain european, a very large project. now it is in the arab countries in china, and so on and so forth, and in russia , in public databases, at best, it is stored well,

in accessible databases, if not we are talking about private people who have identified this genome in a company in private, well, for your own interest it comes, well, skill than ten thousand genomes. there is simply no, not because . what, uh, someone really needs this. it’s just that we didn’t have this technology developed and there wasn’t a single player who could raise such a project. well, after all, we’ve read these 100,000 genomes, what can we learn about a country, about health, about people, about ethnic groups? what's new very large country, multinational, geographically diverse and very poorly understood. here at this genomic level. yes, and this plays against us, because it is already clear now that and that set of these changes is once again 6 million changes in the characteristic. for each person living in relation to other people, these changes, on the one hand, make us individual, but these changes, for

the most part, do not. we are not smarter than uglier. they are just such a kind of natural variability of a person as a species, but the presence of such a background, if you like, can be very strong. influence how really pathogenic and really harmful mutations appear, such as those that determine congenital genetic diseases. or, for example, cancer , most cancers that manifest themselves are not laid down at the level. and when they start you, but just during your life, but little by little, you accumulate additional changes in your dna, and the longer you live, the more they impose. we are a teacher goryabelev, he said that all of us are all lightning from cancer, if we live to see it. so, in the end, you have some genetic breakdowns that cells cause cells to go crazy. yes, and so, how all these undesirable effects from our point of view occur strongly depend on this genetic background, which is individual for the previous one for each of us. on

the one hand, it is certainly individual, on the other hand. there are, some of it can be enlarged like that. if you want, where certain communities are created ethnos but in the most primitive concept, you know, there someone will look at the shape of the nose or something else they say, and i know who it is. why , but because most ethnic groups were formed in historical e, not very distant times, when some small group of people , possibly relatives, separated from a larger group of people. well, then it gave rise to such a large colony of a group of people of a tribe of people and so on. this means that within the ethnos, and people have a relatively greater number of common mutations of change. with each other than outside this ethnic group, this makes them in a sense similar from here to necessity follows. here's what's ethnically specific to common sets.