period from the 9th century to about 11-12, this is how this term is included in the classical work of the greek kievan rus, and then is actively used in the multi-toned history of the soviet union, from ancient times, and accordingly, it ends up in all textbooks, it becomes real historiographical term - and is widely distributed, and but nationalistic, myth-makers, it is difficult to call them historians, of ukraine, are trying to prove that the history of the ancient russian state is a history exclusively around kiev, not noticing that, in general, russians lived in novgorod, murim, susdal, polotsk, and even.

there, in the dark cockroach in ukraine, with the help of this military totalitarian propaganda, a massive de-russification of everything is being instilled into society , starting from proper names and further history, culture, religion, historical memory, everything, everything, everything, kill the russian around you, and not only mentally, yes, but also physically, kill the russian, by the way, budanov , by name, was once a russian man, he killed the russian in himself and is now engaged in killing the russians around him, thank you very much, all the best, as always, we encourage our viewers to help us, if any information on the internet seems dubious to you , send it to us, we will check, if it is worth it, we will certainly tell you about it on air, i i always ask on my own behalf, reasons for pride, please send them too, because it is always a pleasure for us to talk about good things, about our guys

, thank you very much for coming, all the best to you, channel one presents, washing machines, which of the most dangerous, smoked meat, you can... how to protect your eyes from cataracts? let's look at everything through the strict prism of science. you know, dear friends, today is an absolutely unusual day , mikhail egorovich, we, doctors, and we really love days and months dedicated to some kind of medical care.

because for us, of course, this is a reason to tell people about something that they don’t even think about, a person walks , a woman breastfeeds, gives birth, a man performs feats, in reality, absolutely everything that happens to people in life is controlled by a tiny gland, i i'll give it to you under called the pituitary gland, it is a small gland, it is located deep in the brain, the size of a pea, and this gland controls almost all the functions of the endocrine glands, all of which we have, imagine, the whole month of october is called the month of awareness of the pituitary gland, so i want to ask of our audience, who knows at least something about the pituitary gland, at least anything , please raise your hands, my god, we have...

a hand, two, please tell us, what do you know about the pituitary gland? i know that the pituitary gland is located in the sella turcica, this is the main endocrine gland, which is responsible for all other endocrine organs and controls them, releasing hormones into the blood, you are a doctor, i am a general practitioner, but i’m not working now, but then everything is clear, here is awareness of the pituitary gland, in fact this is a problem very interesting. i want to invite right now a person who knows everything about the hippophysis in general; our guest today is the director of the institute of clinical endocrinology of the federal endocrinological center of russia, ekaterina anatolyevna troshen. let's show it again the pituitary gland will already be heard from a professional than the pituitary gland. famous, the pituitary gland is the main

endocrine gland that is in the human body, a small bone structure in our skull, called the sella turcica. it is there that this small gland weighing no more than 1 gram is located, which is called the pituitary gland. approximately how many hormones does the pituitary gland secrete and what does it control? the pituitary gland produces tropic hormones, there are about seven of them, all of them are produced by this small endocrine gland, the conductor of all the others hormones. we say that the work of the thyroid gland is responsible for the pituitary gland, the work of female sex hormones. secretion of milk, all phases of the female menstrual cycle are answered by the pituitary gland, the work of the adrenal glands, how we survive stress, the pituitary gland is responsible, the male essence is answered by the pituitary gland, well, i want to start with the biblical story about the pituitary gland, this is the famous legend

about how the giant golyph was defeated by such here is little, little david, actually from the point of view... medicine - it was not such a feat, because the golyph had adenma his pituitary gland did not have lateral vision, and david simply said goodbye and the giant galilif swayed and fell, nevertheless, all the honors went to david, all we had to do was tell him that this gland is really important, we invited three patients from dr. troshina’s clinic to tell you about how the pituitary gland manifests itself in life. please come in, sasha, sasha’s main problem was that his arms and legs began to grow inappropriately quickly, how was that? eh, yes, indeed, at first i began to notice that they seemed to have grown

hands, feet, brow ridges, cheekbones, tongue, ears, lower jaw, but it all went on so gradually, and i was a teenager then , so, but at some point it happened that i realized that it was all too much big, plus i developed a strong snoring, severe breath holding during sleep, which my relatives noticed, thank them very much for this, and that’s how i ended up with an endocrinologist, yes, yes, our sasha was operated on twice, he is still undergoing treatment, but i now want to show photographs on the screen, as it was recorded in in our medical textbooks, historically , it’s like the life... the fate of one woman, she is healthy on the left, she is sick, this is a disease of the pituitary gland, its manifestation is called acromegaly on the right, what is this condition, what does the pituitary gland have to do with it?

if a tumor, an adenoma, forms in the pituitary gland, then a disease may develop that is associated with increased production of growth hormone somatotropic hormone, if this happens , the disease acromelia develops - these are the limbs, and even the end parts of the body, megalia - their increase, and here the woman young, beautiful, blooming, and then slowly, gradually, the disease makes itself known externally, so we see how her nose has become larger, her brow ridges have also increased, her jaws have increased, at the same time her gloves become too small for her, her shoes are too small, and so on, so... it was and became, i also want us to see the male version, because a rude woman’s face scares us, and a rude man ’s face, well, it seems like it will pass, there are already three male faces here, so when the boy’s face becomes like this so rude but

it seems like nothing, why is it important to treat, why does the adenoma of this small gland require attention, why did sasha undergo surgery, because the problem is not only with appearance, but omegaly is associated with growth hormone, this means that everything grows, these patients have a risk of developing tumors of various organs, yes, therefore it is necessary to operate, it is necessary to operate, it is necessary, and if the tumor reaches a large size, it can harm vision, yes, it can impair vision and lead to problems, it lies directly on visual crosshair, you were operated on through the nose or in another way. through the nose, there is nothing more elegant than this operation in the world, endoscopic instruments are inserted through the nose, the doctor sees this adenoma and completely calmly removes it, of course, this is one of the most technologically advanced operations, now

only one thing remains: you are a handsome man, thank you, please sit down, we are waiting for another guest, her manifestation of the disease is gi... roughly speaking, that’s how it was, yes yulechka, yes, that’s right, and when it all started to grow in childhood, it was gradually reduced to a joke, and at home they called me a water drinker, because i drank 3 liters more, got up at night and drank, went to the toilet, gradually stronger and stronger, so i’m just wondering when my parents sounded the alarm, how much

water should have been blown out, the alarm sounded when they began to appear symptoms of a brain tumor, not earlier, not earlier, let's get to the layout, so, this is also a disease of the pituitary gland, completely different symptoms, what kind of disease and what should be noted, this is a completely different disease, it is associated with a deficiency of one of the hormones that also produce. office, the hormone is called antidiuretic, anti against, diuresis, urine output, yes, normally this hormone regulates the ratio of fluid consumed and excreted, if this hormone is not enough, a person begins to drink very, very much, this is 6, 7, 8 liters per day, patients drink water from where they can get it, you see... they excrete the same amount of water, when to sound the alarm , when parents should not call, oh, you are our

water drinker, grab the child and run to the doctor, the adult is also not tied to age a disease, this disease is not called diabetes mellitus at all, it is somewhat similar to diabetes mellitus, it is an indomitable thirst, so if parents or those around you or the person himself understands that he begins to drink much more water than necessary, then... you need to pay attention to this and go to the doctor and complain about it. and then the person will be examined. you are currently undergoing treatment, right? yes, that is , we will simply give this hormone as a medicine so that everything in a person returns to normal. thank you very much, please sit down, and also we have one disease hypothesis, and we want to listen to victor. victor said to me cheerfully and cheerfully, but my breasts are growing. what happened, vitya, what happened, well, first of all, weakness appeared in my body, so, then

, well, a headache began to appear, go to the chest, when the chest began, and the chest began to grow a little, grow, well, in the end, almost like women's at the moment, yes small size, yes, when you are scared, so i'm always interested in one? i got scared the moment i had a headache unbearable, that is, god bless her with her breasts, i will walk with my breasts, my head hurts, this is no longer the order, maybe it will end with the fact that andrei petrovich begins to come out of the breast, but milk will come out, even as if it’s ours the guest will be a nursing father, as if, because of course , it is clear that he is... nursing, that is , this kind of colostrum secretion can be observed in a man, ekaterina antolyevna, this is also

a sign of pituitary gland disease, right? yes, this is another pituitary adenoma, prolactinoma, it produces the hormone prolactin, a woman normally needs this hormone, first of all, to feed her child, but if there is a lot of prolactin, then something unusual happens to the man, just like what happened to our patient. when the patient has to go to the doctor, here with from the doctor’s point of view, if this is a man, yes, then when he notices the manifestation of gynecomostia, enlarged mammary glands, when he has problems in reproductive function, when he cannot conceive a child, for some reason, he must consult a doctor, when he has severe headaches this may be a sign that the tumor is pressing on nearby structures provides these... if it is a woman, then first of all , when she has problems with

infertility, because prolactin is the hormone that does not allow a woman to become pregnant, during breastfeeding we are not pregnant, our guest, since he is a patient at the institute of clinical endocrinology, he is being treated, now, victor, things have gone smoothly, right, yes, absolutely right, at the moment i... had an operation, removed the adenoma pituitary tumor, and i am being observed in endocrinological institute, vit, well, thank you for coming to us, please sit down, today we only showed small colors from the life of the pituitary gland to our viewers, we wanted to say only one thing, if something is wrong, the manifestations are different, because the pituitary gland controls everything, you need to get tested, go to a doctor, first of all to a therapist, and if necessary, to

an endocrinologist. thank you for the fact that in the month of october dedicated to awareness about this unique gland, which weighs a gram, plays in our lives defining role, we remembered, thank you very much, please sit down, well, we’ll take a short break, dear friends, and then we’ll continue, properly smoked meat, how to find carcinogen-free meat on the market, crystal clarity, how to take care of your eyes so that the lens does not become cloudy , large wash, what functions in a washing machine are useful, a medical view of household appliances, my clear light, you write to me, like a tear of rain on a wet window, my clear light,

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hello, once again, i like this inscription, i cook meat, well, yes , i cook meat, zhenya is from novokuznetsk, from the village of baydayevka, now my husband, new baydayevka, new baydayevka, my husband was just born in baydayevka, and german shayich here in novokuznetsk. worked as a local doctor, the thing is that zhenya amazed me with his stories about smoked meat, so look, today we will talk about smoked meat, there is hot smoking and there is cold smoking, this is hot smoked meat, this is this cold, here in medicine the attitude towards smoked meat is bad, negative, negative, but zhenya amazed me by the fact that he told me how they are fighting these negative methods of smoking, so let’s start with this, which means cold smoking, what

is it ? this is a product that is dried, placed in a closet, that is, simply in the wind, in the closet, served with cold smoke, that is, if we say it is 20° in the room, then the smoke will be 20°. yes , there will be a room, yes, well, we smoke the product for an hour and a half, an hour and a half maximum, but traditionally, how long is it smoked? cold, 6-9 hours, that is, you are nine times less, do the duration once, light, cold smoke, yes, this smoke is hot, it fits in my closet, in my closet it is cooked to a certain temperature, even gentle, then it gets wet. smoke, this particular product is doused with smoke for 40 minutes, but traditionally, how long?

well, about four hours, they also use about six times less smoke than traditional methods, and the living things don’t end up on my coals, they don’t get on the heater, i have a tray installed there where fat accumulates, so there’s no smoking, but the fumes are polyaromatic hydrocarbons. they burn and thanks to this the amount of carcinogens decreases even more, it’s called but i love you, but i praise you, continuation, finally my dadyru, you’ve been a mess, but this is no longer for this story, now i want to take this meat still, tell us about it, that these products are still eaten, so zhen, come with you , please, so, so, so, smoking, hot, smoking, cold, i want to say that smoked products historically appeared,

because humanity needed to store meat, store protein, it was a source of protein , that’s right, it’s also for preservation, conservation, so the first question is about protein, smoked meat, raw meat, hot smoked, cold, where there is more protein. the fact is that there is more protein in smoked meat than in raw meat, because it dries out, and accordingly, there is no heat treatment, such as there is during boiling, and accordingly there is much more protein, more than in raw meat than in raw meat, because in raw meat, there is water, there is something else, here all this dries out correctly and there is more protein, more in hot smoking or cold smoking, more cold smoking, because during hot smoking some of the protein is destroyed, of course. well, especially the first stage of cooking, so when cooking something, something will go away, yes, protein is very important for our body, because it is involved in almost all

processes, it is involved... of course, antibodies, all blood plasma proteins - this is a protein molecule, muscle tissue, all, all muscle tissue consists of protein, enzymes of the digestive system are also protein, digestion of food, blood elements, the vascular wall itself is also protein, and naturally protein is also used for the structure of bones, so we all. we are all made of protein; in fact, the number one source of protein is meat. yes, meat smoked in any way has more protein. unfortunately, you need to add tar and smoked meat, as it contains much more salt , because it is a preservative, approximately 50%, the daily norm is 100 g. this is a vessel, a person who consumes a lot of salt, the salt goes into the wall.

near the vessel, the vessel leaks and this leads to because blood pressure rises, blood pressure is the cause of stroke, heart attack, in general, all passions, so we throw less salt, and zhenya answered you german six salt, our zhenya reduces, zhenya, what do you do with salt, but in general it has been proven that a person perceives no more than grams of salt per kilogram of meat, we make 14 g of salt per 1 kg of meat. if it’s 14 g per kilogram, it means it’s 100 g, that is, it’s absolutely perfect, so try the duck, you ’ll practically try it please, wonderful in general, i don’t feel that it’s delicious, but this is already but there’s a little salt, there’s salt, but it’s smoke, well done, but i still want it.

to say a very important thing, be that as it may, today we still recommend limiting the amount of meat we allow to eat, because i’ll ask my wife to cut it for us, we’ll treat the whole studio, okay , wife, i need to eat, i cook, you eat, i have this motto, how much dose we allow, actually recommended, a couple of times a week, about the size of red meat the size of... the palm, about this piece, advice, when you buy smoked meat, of course, at the market people like zhenya will tell you how they make it, thank god, because in the store no one will tell you anything you say, you buy standardized meat, pay attention to the salt, because of course, if the salt in 100 g is 1.4, then this is ideal meat, second, if...

you buy here, ask how long the meat is smoked, if it is smoked for more than 40 minutes hotter than an hour and a half cold, then of course the amount of carcinogens will be high, i can add, how can you tell by looking at it, if you see that the product is dark, then these are two reasons, either the stove was not washed after smoking , the fats that are there are already there and they produce additional ones... well, or the smoking was long , because you see, the smoking is light, look, the power of the russian land will increase in siberia, and i think that i need to give my wife a new fact, it’s written that i cook the meat, and i’m watching the program to live aside, thank you my dear, and we ’re going back to the studio programs to live healthy!

so, dear friends, our ophthalmology office is working, and today professor kanavalov, our beloved arkady yakovlevich inin, is here, because he is the patient mikhail egorovich, it is with him that we will talk today about the eyes, behind the eyes, arkady yakovlevich, and we everyone has returned from the market, right now all our viewers, we are... with smoked sausages that our comrade from kemerovo makes, this is your fellow countryman or my fellow countryman, let us treat arkady yakolevich with smoked sausage too, and today we will talk about crystals, we piece by piece, that's what if you want, then take the meat for free, freebie, it’s duck, freebie, sir, freebie, delicious, no

, i don’t need it, thank you, she doesn’t want to be poisoned by smoked meats, and we specifically, we told you that these are smoked meats made as harmlessly as possible, without there is still time, now, we will give you more. well , look, and so the lens, do you know what a lens is? mikhail egorevich taught me, i saw a lot of pictures, i must say that in the pictures, here we are, it looks much more scary than during the operation, during the operation with you lying down, with you talk to the doctor, he always says one thing, here he is, i mean, mikhail egorovich, he says, good, good, very good. okay, okay, very good, that's it, that's it, and now you're going to show fear, horror, no , no, what are you doing, first, let's find the crystals, what should we say, we're opening the eye, opening the eye, it already sounds terrible, open it

, where is the lens, since it’s in front, in front, and what do you mean where, it’s red there , let’s take away the little red one, oops, here it is, why is it red? here it is, look, look, here it is it’s red, it’s not him, it’s a connection, just look, here’s the lens, absolutely transparent, so big, no, well, a person’s eye is smaller, it’s about 10 mm, not small, of course, but i thought that it’s small, 10 mm, but the whole question here is that this is the most important thing on... the lens in the eye, which changes its transparency and changes its curvature, so we always see well into the distance, right now mikhail egorovich holds our lens like this transparent, but i want it to immediately show that today it is a magnifying

glass or something, today you see, like glass , like a magnifying glass, it’s like a magnifying glass, the power is about 20 diopters, you know, how we take a magnifying glass, that’s about the size of the lens. these are already artificial lenses, lenses, it looks like what i gave you, but the same model as this one and the same size, no, but the size i gave you, look what it is, you see, a circle, it was a spoiler, a spoiler, that means you already know the end of the story, now let’s go to the beginning of the story, i’m off, you ’re coming to us, arkady yakch, where would we go without you, stand on this side, look, now, what is the function of the lens? you see, the rays diverge and don’t hit anywhere, they must hit a point, this is a collecting lens that collects rays falling parallel

to the eye, they must hit the retina. in this way we see, if there is no lens, we get such a scattered picture, and the person sees poorly, what is the function of the lens? this is really a lens, now, when we look into the eyes of arkady yakovlevich, we see black pupils, let's let's look at the screen, look, mikhail egorevich, if the lens is transparent, transparent, now what happens when the lens is cloudy, if it is transparent, the icon is black, this cataract becomes cloudy, it acquires this color, but this is when the cataract is mature and patient. doesn’t see anything, such a grayish pupil, which means what are the main problems of the lens? the first is loss of transparency, yes, this is the most important problem and in general these are the most common diseases, this is the number one operation among

all operations performed, on all organs in world. 20 million operations are performed per year, all over the world, in our country there are 1,500,000, that is, we have a lot. a lot, we are going well, which means how to keep the lens healthy and what to do if it becomes cloudy, your clouded lens was removed by mikhail egorovich, egorovich, yes, although, forgive me, please, i actually went to the doctor to have my ears checked, but not the eyes, no, in general the ears are beautiful, yes, they’re fine for me, well, somehow, i couldn’t understand speech in the theater very well. then suddenly it suddenly turned out that i have 50% in one eye, 70% in the other eye, and then

mikhailovich, now i want to show this famous operation, and you will be interested in arkadiyich, because of course, cataract removal is a super elegant technology, so let’s do it. let's go to dr. kanovalov's clinic, try not to blink, we'll drop some drops, the drops will sting a little, i must say that the operation is performed locally. subdrip anesthesia , a tiny puncture, yes 2 mm, so we removed the anterior capsule, the lens, and now we separate it from the capsule, and then a tiny ultrasound device, it destroys the cataract and like a vacuum cleaner sucks, you see, it sucks in this cloudy crystal , we clean it, you see, it sucks in, poke-poke-poke, sucked in, only the bottom remains, yes, the capsule remains, clean, clean, bag, capsule bag.

here, an absolutely transparent lens is tucked into a cartridge, the cartridge is a tube 0.9 mm in diameter, and through this tube it is pushed into the eye and is located again in the capsular bag, that is, in the place where its original lens was, so it is located in the eye of its capsule, there is no way for the eye does not interfere, we place it in the capsular bag since it should be on this, in principle , we wash out the visco-elastic and this is where the operation ends, he says ok, no, during the operation he said ok, ok, i say everything is fine, he says ok, the main thing is that i am the one you say, maybe it’s not called anesthesia, it’s local

anesthesia, local anesthesia, it also makes it possible to talk with the doctor, by the way, it’s not that i forget myself completely, wonderful, mikhail egorevich, bring this tiny, tiny artificial one again lens, and so over the years, unfortunately, the lens first hardens, and then becomes cloudy for everyone, what can be done so that it does not harden so much and does not become so cloudy, while you are talking, i am showing, today, of course, we must talk about that the reason is primarily age, this is age-related cataract, people live longer, so almost everyone lives to see their cataract , but there are also factors that provoke the development of cataracts, these are common diseases, in particular diabetes, vascular diseases, hypertension, ultraviolet irradiation, reception various medications.

including corticosteroids and so on, we can partially prevent these things, completely correct them so that the sun does not burn the lens, we can wear black ones, well, how can we take medications, he is being treated wonderfully, like wow, we have the director of the institute of clinical endocrinology, here applications, diabetes cannot be treated, yes ekaterina , now we will talk to her, i want to thank arkady, you will find it in the komsomolskaya pravda newspaper, thank you, alexander, we love it when you come to us, i i’m glad, we’ll take a break for a while, and then we’ll continue, we’ll play a wedding, our premiere is from october 8, on sundays on the first, promotes the treatment of rv, strengthening

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dear friends, there is a washing machine in our studio. so today we will talk about household appliances, they are good for health, harmful, or maybe good for us, but harmful to health, in a word , there are a lot of questions, our heroine today is a washing machine, which shook my imagination, the fact is, in what year the first washing machine was invented machine, arkadiyich, what do you think, i have no idea, well, approximately in what century, i have been washing by hand all my life, here... on the board, the most reliable method, when it was invented in america, men, his name was james king, in 1851 year, 851, he invented this kind of machine, this is a machine based on a barrel

, there is a drum and the rotation function was transformed due to... the wheels, that is, the manual rotation of this drum, were spun, washed, but more than that, you see, there is also a device for spinning clothes, which we are all very good at we remember, in general, but they still use it, even then the machine still needed a woman, a woman is a must, without a woman it doesn’t work at all, absolutely, and then in 1907. in the seventh year they already made a machine that was mass-produced, but it was similar to this one, there is a drum that spins, and the drive is mechanical , in 1975 the first automatic washing machine was released in russia, here it is

volga, who remembers the volga car from childhood, we all remember, we are already so old, it’s just nightmare, there was no need for a woman here anymore. very often they called men, i remember my mother called my father, he said: “come, help, this is underwear, i remember it perfectly, i remember, moreover, my husband and i were already graduate students, our first child was already born, and we are from they brought this type of car to estonia, we washed it on the train in the literal sense of the word, it was in a compartment, so it was impossible to get through, we crawled around and slept on the shelves, but we were infinitely happy because we had a washing machine, today there are automatic machines, generally they do everything for us, here a woman is practically not needed , only a man needs to learn how to press buttons, which is also not

very easy, but not just not, so today we will of course talk about these machines, but it was very interesting to remember the history, because this is our childhood, our youth, and we ourselves did it at the request of our parents, there are three questions that you must answer when buying a washing machine. or not, drying, whether you need steam or not, washing with steam, and the third question: do you need hypoallergenic or not? program, we begin to answer these questions, germanich, where do you start? naturally, it is advisable for the machine to have a dryer, why? why? that is, there are medical aspects, there is an aspect of convenience. the first is at the moment when the machine is in use.

always develops, this is well known, and when we simply treat with dry air, the chance of the development of this fungus decreases, it simply kills both fungi and bacteria, this is a medical aspect, in addition, machine drying is saving, just space, i will also add if we don’t we have dryers, but we dry them in the bath. again leads to the formation of fungi correctly, and if you hang it outside, then simply things can be protected from the rays of the sun, that is, a machine with drying is an ideal option. from a medical point of view, drying is good for you, saves you energy, and is good for treating your car against fungal infection. andrey petrovich, your two questions: steam and hy... well, a hypoallergenic program, what is it? the washing temperature is higher, that is, in this

way the proteins, which are most often allergens, are destroyed, they denature, that is, the substrate itself allergies are removed, this is the first, second, bacteria and those same fungi, which can also be the source of an allergic reaction, can also be destroyed if we raise... the washing often rises from 60° to 70 -90 and the drying temperature rises to 90°. this , unfortunately, has a certain downside, because even i’m in this seemingly modern , rather interesting washing machine, i ’ll show you now, here such whites are formed. or lightish deposits, which - when drying various fabrics, are so small

pieces, small particles, they get clogged there, and the higher the drying temperature, the more of this fluff remains there , unfortunately, this can be a source of food for bacteria if you do not clean and clean the washing machine, where the main dangerous places are , this, of course, is an elastic insert, that is, it is advisable that the owner, the hostess, at least a couple of times a week when using, wipe everything here in all these folds, just take it, wipe it with a cloth and definitely the inside of the drum, because this fluffiness still remains there, please make sure that the drain from the washing machine works well, otherwise the liquid or... that remains in the drain can also become moldy and become infected with mold - is this a fungus?