[000:00:00;00] accept a delegation of workers, talk to them graciously, stall for time, reach some compromises , this is not even considered, yes, this is not even discussed, the result is punitive measures and a sharp drop in authority, because the nickname is bloody when it appears, after the bloody resurrection of 905, the number of victims of which is still disputed, from several hundred to more than a thousand, and it is quite difficult to understand exactly this issue; in general, of course , a lot of blood has accumulated there. no, well, it’s all in the piggy bank, so to speak, the nickname of the bloody nicholas, yes, when the tsar signs the manifesto, he didn’t want the manifesto written by vitta, vitta understood that to save the monarchy in a universal situation from a wheelbarrow that could develop into an armed uprising, the army is already thinking in that direction, it shoots, manifesto was such a kind of tranquilizer pill, the tsar did not want to convince until the last moment, which

you said, he is convinced by grand duke nikolai nikolaevich, the tsar’s uncle, who threatens to shoot himself in front of his eyes if the tsar does not will sign, the tsar signed and was very offended, he believed that the manifesto had been snatched from him , he did not understand that this was what saved the monarchy , the most lenient towards nicholas were the marxists in the sense that they believed that no matter what nicholas did , no matter how he behaved, no matter what the reasons were, the revolution was still inevitable, collapse. nicholas was predetermined, and in connection with brezhnev ’s times, in my opinion, an anecdote appeared that nikolai aleksandrovich romanov should be posthumously awarded the order of the october revolution for his great services in creating the revolutionary situation in russia, in general, there is some truth in the joke, yes, yes, yes, when the events begin in petrograd, this is also a separate big theme of the february revolution, the events began with lines for bread, of course, yes, there are many conspiracy

theories, but it all started with lines for... bread, no bread was brought to the capital, well, this is already a suicidal story, nikolai , being at headquarters, does not understand what is happening in petrograd, and he believed that all this could be calmed down again with punitive measures, but then he agreed to the ministry of people's trust, but then, when the question was already raised, when the train had already left, he was late again, once again, that's a good phrase, he was late, in fact, the entire reign of nicholas ii was a permanent delay train. i would say this, when we were talking about peter the great, i once said that russia, at that historical moment, pulled the joker out of the deck, because it was very successful, very timely, and as for nicholas ii, well, i if you use the same one terminology, he said that , unfortunately, russia pulled out a six, even a six

surrounded by other cards, figures in this case. can change the situation, but this is his inability to choose people, it’s a problem that he is surrounded by mediocre people who push him, in general, what he says is nonsense, he didn’t know how to choose people, of course, nicholas ii alone could not be the culprit of revolutions , all the crises, unsuccessful wars, there’s an interesting thing here, when russia’s head of russia turned out to be such... not quite a fit monarch, then the russian ruling class, the nobility, had a well-known method that the highest russian society was able to do, seeing that the tsar had killed putin once, and even then not the first time, the most they did was, yes, there were rumors about a palace coup, they talked about palace coup, they talked, talked, talked, talked, but the february revolution turned out to be unexpected , this is a very interesting historical turn

, today we talked about the figure of nicholas ii, a very controversial figure, we tried our best to figure it out, goodbye, it was historical podcast, russia and the west on the swing of history. hello, this is the lab podcast, my name is dmitry bak. i am the host of a literary podcast, which has a wonderful name: let them not talk, let them read, today we will talk about how books about the past, books about history are read or written, and my interlocutor today, doctor of historical sciences, professor vladimir rostislavovich medinsky. hello, vladimirovich, and good evening, thank you for coming to us, and well, in the traditions of our

program. i'd like to start from the beginning, well, maybe you can briefly tell me how it happened, uh, that in your youth you were fascinated by history, how it all began, well, if...' honestly, i was going to enter a military school, i come from a family of hereditary military men, specifically the school named after the supreme council, the highest command school, but already in the ninth grade they explained to me that in terms of my eyesight i was not unsuitable for a command school, only for some technical one, as long as i wanted to be a commander, and my favorite book was mityaeva, the book of future commanders, yes, we know one, yes, with childhood, then he had to retrain as a civilian and then there was the option. since my favorite subjects were literature and history at school, then accordingly i was preparing to enroll at the same time in the faculty of history, i went to preparatory courses at moscow university, and mgemo, the faculty of international journalism, yeah, why

mgemo, because we essentially have two specialized specializations there , this is journalism and the history of international relations, and history pays more attention to things that are quite close or different, international journalism... the history of international relations, the history of the cpsu is included in this totality, well , i had it, three classes every week, always, then the history of the ussr, the history of the east, the history of european countries, america, these are all separate subjects, slovenian countries, yes, yes, imo as a separate subject, uh, well, and also there , regional studies, that is, the history of the country, its first language, but in those years, in such universities as... exams were a month earlier than in all the others, it was possible to enter only one university, everyone failed we calmly went with the documents to another, to enter a normal university, i had everything planned, i failed mgemo and after that i applied to the history department, but

i got in, that’s why it turned out that there were four more exams, i passed the ball-certificate, that’s me at least, a creative competition, four exams, and an interview, well, gradually, as i understand it, after all, for some period history, well, it took up most of the professional spectrum, no, i can’t say, well, for example, when i had the honor to serve in the ministry of culture, these are the same ones topics are close, cultural heritage, history, culture is a comprehensive concept, so one way or another, this craving for history from childhood, it was realized, then i was assigned to create a recreation, correctly speaking, of russian military history. it is such a legal successor, one might say, of the imperial, imperial military has been in russia since ancient times, when there were imperial societies, geographical,

yes, they have all been recreated today, they work successfully, please tell me, but still history is a very wide field, as we see even from your professional fate, after all, for you it is... first of all , a continuation of a youthful romantic dream, uh, or is it a strictly academic profession, or is it a means of persuasion, a means of communication, a very this word has different meanings, well, first of all, i think we need to distinguish between two meanings , history is something significant that happened in the past, yes, or, uh, just significant, they say: historical events are happening around, after all for you history first of all what? well, everything that you listed, it’s all there , it’s all there, and of course history is politics and politics thrown back into the past, yes, yes, yes, uh,

history is certainly an important component in any country, in any civilization, an important component of ideology, explaining something, starting from something, motivating, giving canons of behavior, and i am generally inclined to believe that history is not so much in modern conditions, in modern conditions, understanding science, all this is true, but in in modern conditions, history is not only the science of the past, but the science of the future , because it provides very serious grounds, these accumulated millennia of civilizational experience provide the basis... history never repeats itself, but there are still some cycles, even, but it is not repeated verbatim, yeah, and since the situations in which people find themselves are one way or another identical, and humanity, as

you and i know very well, here is a person, he has been for the last, well, how long can we observe there for 3,000 years , hasn't changed much, well no way, well, absolutely, completely, only with techniques. and technology, then, accordingly , the human reaction to certain similar ones, it is predictable, yes, it is predictable, accordingly, the better you know history, the more accurately you can. and what will happen after this, yeah, just by analogy, you know how judicial precedents in law, how it was collected, how medicine is based on centuries of experience, these medicines help, but these don’t, these herbs heal, but ethics heal, but these , therefore, history today is already a science, it is not only the chronicle of humanity, it is not only a record of the past, but it is also a prediction of the future.

tell me, can we formulate it this way: the better a person knows history, the more free he is from emotions, from hasty decisions, from the conviction that this is all happening for the first time, for example, there is 1863, the polish riot, kotkov with one on the other hand, westerners on the other hand, poland is for our and your freedom, europe supports, well, it’s clear that this is the full picture, much more. time, so neatly, let's say, if not modern, it turns out that even the seventeenth year is not such an important milestone, if we remember that all this happened, does this provide an opportunity to maintain some kind of sobriety, not to unconditionally take sides, does history give academic sobriety or is it sobriety of a different kind, history gives wisdom, uh-huh, and gives an understanding that we are not exclusive today, moreover, our ancestors , and - the more i sometimes dive into

the history of certain similar situations, as we have, there are a lot of them, the more i understand that our ancestors in many ways, without owning iphones and fashionable programs, were wiser than us, namely, they found simple, understandable , non-technological, human solutions in those difficult situations, and what they created was more durable, therefore... of course, well, any person who wants to adequately assess the present, of course must know history , so you said a wise thing, that our ancestors managed without many gadgets, without many database simplifications, and they had to go everywhere on foot, i remember the phrase of theodor adorn, philosopher and musicologist who said that in order to enjoy music, you need to go to where it is performed, that is, do something.

action, this is a very, really wise thing, now everything seems to be too easy, and you might think that it never was, but there the days of the alexanders had a wonderful beginning, and then the mysticism in which it falls, alexander ii means, or there is a wonderful beginning of alexander ii in the future liberator, this is the end of the attempt at dictatorship of the heart of loris melikov, and all these are understandable sinusoids, which really allow you to predict a lot, but it turns out that way. in our history and it’s interesting, understandable, tell me, this is a very important thing, after all , there is academic history as something unchanging, well, positivist, let’s say , yes, with an unchanging set of some truths, or still, well, all the sayings about the unpredictable past and so on, they are still true, well, the theory is dry, my friend, but the tree of life, for example, yes, you can talk about a positivist true history or... after all, it changes as it goes on, changes in

whoever looks at it, you know, i am not a positivist or positive concept, sometimes speaking from history and putting in slightly different meanings, because history is not only a set of some facts, dates, and sources that can be revealed to us in a new way, because we are not making many new historical discoveries now, yes, but we can look at certain accomplished facts in a new way, etc., what is the new look associated with? well, we always look at history, it's like anal school, yes, we always look at stories from modern times, i just wanted to ask you, what about modern times, yes, we are interested in, we are trying to find answers to the questions of modern times, even if we are not aware of this, but the question is different, the question is, well, you will do you look at history based on your current ideas about good and evil, yeah, then it will be... well, basically everything will be terrible, terrible, everything terrible, well, how could it be,

ivan the terrible, lord, that means, geleati there, stalin, so to speak, slept through the beginning of the war, that’s where we don’t look, or, you still guided by the principle of historicism, you will strive to look at history based on that time, that is, to separate yourself from research, not just separate, forget altogether, try to imagine yourself as an observer in that, in those ideas about morality and morality, in those ideas about legality , in those circumstances of the surrounding world of legislation, language, customs, yes, customs, and simply the understanding of good and evil, they were completely different, i tell students all the time that a woman of the 19th century is always pregnant, this is what i have marker, well, just statistics are such that if she were an empress, there would be pushkin’s wife, it doesn’t matter, he’s just mendeleev, he’s the seventeenth child in

the family, that’s all, it’s very difficult to imagine, yes, here’s alexander ii, how many children there were, that’s already, that’s already the second half of the 19th century, this is almost, almost modern. eight, yes, eight, yes, that’s it, and from this followed a different attitude towards children, girls, attention, mila nikonorova, our new fashion model, i said, i shouldn’t mess with this bag, a beautiful woman in a car, there’s less suspicion, and what kind of spy games are you playing, and no problem, i’m for you... sergei bezrukov in the serial film by valery todorovsky

bison, the case of a fashion model, premiere, tomorrow after the program time, i don’t know, marish, can you hear me or no, i just want to talk. more questions please, i suffer from colds, antibiotics, dysbacteriosis - another cold. let's figure it out. dysbacteriosis can reduce immunity, which leads to frequent infections, taking antibiotics , and so on. back to the risk of dysbacteriosis. acipol can help break the vicious circle. the composition of atsipol is unique. it contains a special component kiferan to strengthen the immune system and live lactobacilli to restore microflora. strengthen the immune system, look, this is ozonbank, and you have a lot of clients here, already more than 25 million, they also return cashback up to 100% to the lucky ones, pizza for the entire office, azonbank up to 25% in rubles, the opportunity to return

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activio. bacteria, probiotics, how many benefits, look. even more benefits for digestion in a new large package, how do you like it, routine distracts the department, open a vtb current account, get a document designer, digital accounting, legal support and other services, do business, not routine. vtb - we help by doing. apply for osaka with savings compare, the number one service in russia. i’m losing my roots, and i feel like it, sound doesn’t evaluate taste, but suggests according to taste , find out your credit rating for free on the sravni.ru website, we’ll help you choose a loan taking into account your current payments, credit

history and check that you have no arrears and no one took out a loan in your name, if a loan, then on the website sravni.ru. find out your credit rating for free on the website sravni.ru. when i came to paris, i was not famous. everyone told me that aren’t you afraid , because maybe, maybe i’ll wait completely. but i said that you only need to surprise once. almost no one in our country has a reliable idea of ​​what couture is. haute couture is high hand sewing, high-class sewing, which is placed on the level of painting. architect, i think he has all the qualities of a young fashion designer, i was once young myself, and what especially attracts me about him is his sense of fashion. he will touch you, it really is so, they always tell me that i spend a colossal amount of ideas, what i

shouldn’t do, he says that you have a very long way to go, and so that you don’t remain empty, how long does one collection last , practically she lives until the next fashion show, that is, 6 months, i really liked yudashkin’s show, i think its level corresponds to international fashion, congratulations valentin, on the birthday of valentin yudashkin matador on friday on the first. so, i remind you that we have a podcast. lab, i’m dmitry bak, host of the literary podcast, let them not talk, let them read, and today i’m talking with professor, doctor of historical sciences, vladimir rastislavovich medinsky. tell me, this is a modern one. technical entourage, all

these possibilities of confirming some events, this helps, brings us closer to the search to some extent, yes , since there are modern technologies, history is becoming more and more a science at the intersection with other sciences, well there's radiocarbon analysis, i'll talk about simple ones things to say, but everyone understands, there is dendrology, yes, the definition is increasing , yes, dated by rings on trees, then a technique for restoring the human appearance. also developed by academician gerasim at one time, by the way, there were many interesting discoveries when gerasimov restored the appearance, this is unsuccessful, unsuccessful, well, let’s take it, he restored the appearance of fyodor ushakov after the war, yeah, examining his burial, in my opinion in temnikov, where it turned out that in the monastery where ushakov had lived for the last 10 years, that there is nothing in common with the appearance of the admiral. ushakov, who, as you and i know, never destroyed the sea, not a single defeat, not a single ship lost in life, not a single captured

sailor, ushakov, his appearance has nothing in common with the canonical portraits painted after his death, he is much tougher and angrier, well, with bering, who was mistaken for his relative, yes , davors, we don’t know what he looked like, he looks different in all the portraits, completely, that is, it’s a pity that he doesn’t. indirectly in the fate of our museum, because it recreated the appearance mother of fyodor mikhailovich dostoevsky maria fedna, as a result the head was lost , well, yes, an incredible story, so absolutely , yes, let’s not go into it, but look what a paradox, i’m convinced that if we assume that during... the battle of waterloo there were some modern technologies, then one thesis of one agency

would appear that such and such won, here is a confirmation video , others won, here is a video, or there was no battle at all, or napoleon did not exist, well, the old soviet joke says that if i had a true newspaper , no one would have known that i was defeated at waterloo, remember there, napoleon, if they had modern social networks, everything else, then in principle it would be possible to win the war without a battle, please tell me, but if we still talk about, well, such trends in history , in historiography in historical science, and which of them, well , developed in the 20th century, enjoy your sympathy, the question is not which trends are more accurate or fashionable, the question is is that the main thing we need to talk about to think that history is still a science that relies on artifacts, evidence, and various forms

of sources and verification of these sources, but modern history in the era of mass communications is like with literature, look, literature was the literature of the writer, the writer, until the internet did not appear and every blogger imagined himself to be a writer, yes , especially since, so to speak, you pressed three buttons and you are already in mass distribution and not a single tyutchev, like a censor, will be able... to determine the stream of consciousness which of you rushing, you know, a huge circulation, yes, circulations of signatures have never been dreamed of, where does alexandrugevich come from, so it’s the same with history, it means you read some shit on the internet, and now you already have secret knowledge, you begin to argue with professionals, you have no idea, i i recently gave a lecture about emilyan, well, it would seem that 250 years have passed since pugachev’s fan club was discovered, and it turns out that he is pyotr fedorovich.

but this is all romanov’s falsification, he is pyotr fedorovich, and there was tartary. it turns out there are thousands of comments, tartary, and you are deceiving us, and the great tartary is led by the great, that is, the pugachev family, then there are a lot of options, where he comes from, and how yes, well, nosovsky, fomenka, are immortal, well, any first-year costume faculty student can only throw up his hands and argue with this impossible, you see, the earth, as you know, is on elephants, elephants on a turtle, the list goes on, this is exactly the problem. the problem is that history textbooks are very important, i was recently asked, we are now working on new history textbooks for schools, or updated ones, i was recently asked, well, in the age of the internet, how important is it for there to be textbooks at all, because everything can be learned on the internet, and you can even become a doctor, but not a surgeon, of course, but

a diagnostician is easy, easy, yes, yes, the main thing is not to get an appointment with such a doctor, and i say , you know, in our time of the internet, the importance of a school textbook has increased a thousandfold, because this should be that truth, that guiding thread, holding on to which you will not drown in the sea. this fornication, free from speculation, interpretations, dialogizations, verified , reliable, that which the overwhelming majority of the scientific community agrees with at the moment, that... which a student should try to perceive as repeatedly verified information. it turns out that on the one hand there is strict historical knowledge, academic, if you like, based on working with facts, with sources, and so on, and there is this freedom, which is inevitably shrouded in darkness or fog, arbitrary false

interpretations. on the other hand, this is the most academic knowledge. is designed for a very narrow circle of people, can we say that the horizon of addressing, addressing such academic works, is quite narrow, well, for this there are popularizers, popularizers who present historical knowledge in normal human language, understandable from different kinds comparisons with modern times, because it is very important when talking about some event, to give examples of what a person has become , you should have an iceberg in your head, an iceberg of preparing sources that are not necessary every good popularizer must demonstrate that he must be a very educated person , well, it’s clear, otherwise it will turn out superficial, shallow, essential, this is an essential story, well, in general, the old question,

should a popularizer be such a large scientific class? in physics, it seems to me, or in mathematics, very often people who manage to convey certain things to a wide audience become very great scientists, the kolmogorov academy, for example, a mathematician of the century, or khokin kapitsa, that’s right, today kovalchuk has a wonderful popularization program, and mikhail valentinovich, so no, it simply depends on the ability to speak and convey the truth in simple terms. in the subject, it can float very easily, but in the humanities it’s a little easier, because the circle of people who understand this matter is wider, and the number of popularizers of history, in my opinion , thank god, we have more than popularizers of nuclear physics, then it’s very important still

love the subject, it’s hard to talk about what? if you don't like it, if you don't you love if you don’t empathize with the hero, if you don’t live with them with their hero or authenticity, after all, because lydia yakolevna gindsburg, the great philologist, tenyanov’s student, said so, i remember this phrase, that not only a zoologist is not obliged to love ciliates, but even a botanist should not love flowers, well, let a zoologist and botanist love what they want, and a historian should love the heroes he talks about, because the principle. historicism only in this case it will be objective; the principle of historicism presupposes immersion in the darkness to try to live in those circumstances, think like them, think empathize like them, without this there will be no reliability, it will be such a look down, but we know the post-truth, well, in fact, that’s what i propose

in my books in my there lectures, just as much as possible, try to stand next to the people who made history, this is a very important, important thing, well, oddly enough, i also do this, in the history of literature, i say, well, imagine that dostoevsky published a novel in 1946 poor people, yes, this is early, but still great, we say, the same text, absolutely the same letters, only the old spelling, but we know that this is the author of the crime, the punishment, we cannot forget this, and take the karamazovs, in 1946 they didn’t know who this young man was, the same text, but a completely different perception, we have to turn it off, this is a very pleasant consonance, well, now i traditionally, now i’ll turn to russian lyrics, in the middle of our releases there is one of three actions, this is either showing an old book from my own library, either this is a quote from the classics, or russian lyric poetry, now it will be russian lyric poetry, i will read one of the poems of georgy

ivanov, whom i rate very highly, i consider him a very great russian poet, but it has something to do with our topic, because here mentions leondiev and tyuchev, konstantin nikolaevich leontiev, a famous thinker, philosopher, diplomat, monk, writer. well, there’s no need to introduce anything, and here in the middle there is such a hidden quote from the stranger block, which then becomes a quoted quotation, the battle of thermopylae, well, this is also a generally known fact, this is the 5th century bc, 300 spartans, a narrow passage to mainland greece, where these 300 heroes died, and let’s honor this poem about the free path under the thermopylae on all four sides and greece blooms graves, as if there was no

war, and we, leontyeva and tyuchev, are chaotic students, we have never known better than an idle life of trifles, we amuse ourselves with self-deceptions, spring indulges us. having passed among the sober drunks, she, a stranger, sits down by the window, breathing in the spirits of tumnami, she sits down at windows, a direct quote from the block: she can see a distant country beyond the seas and oceans, there are christmas trees, hiding a snowy prison, and the blue komsomol girls of vizhzha are swimming in the crimea, they are diving over the graves, with poetry on one side, the groom on the other... and leonidas under the thermopylae , of course, died because of them. this is an amazing poem because it first splits a single world. yes, georgy ivanov from his migrant distance is observing this strange country, which

seems to him like a prison, there are christmas trees, komsomol members diving in the crimea, this very rich places, where there were only the most noble people, imperial dachas, but suddenly, the ending says that there is no other russia, yes, alone, therefore everything is completely turned upside down, the path under the fermopyles is clear, the history that has taken place removes the contradictions, and i would call this poem is one of the examples of how in literature historical methodology is also refracted and gives very important truths, no matter how alien or distant some power, some country may seem to you, if this is your homeland, if this is your native a country, if it's just russia or england for someone or germany. that it cannot be replaced by anything, no ghost, no

one more befitting you, it would seem, uh, state, the composition of ocepol is unique, it contains the component kytheran to strengthen the immune system and live nactobacilli to restore the microflora, otsipol, improve the intestines, strengthen the immune system, look, this is ozonbank, and do you have many clients here? already more than 25 million. they also give cashback up to 100% to the lucky ones and return pizza to the entire office. azonbank up to 25% in rubles, opportunity to return up to 100% of spending and free card service. this is the plot, the characters are well developed, it’s so deliciously written. sorry, but what do you think? mango? lukyanenko. and what? exclusive new products from different genres in the line application from mts. new collection of forrsgay lukyanenko only in lines. i thought all milk was the same. how? to qualify, we select farms based on 150 criteria. we take the highest

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other services. and borrow. vtb - we help with action. well, from this platform, let’s return to our conversation again, vladimirovich, now let’s talk about the triple miracle that you describe in the preface to this book, let’s demonstrate it, it’s called stories from russian history of the 15th century, that’s what you have when talk about the three miracles that gave birth to this book, i have enough randomly recorded a series of small lectures on the internet, popular about history, which he called stories from russian history, because this is not academic science, this is popularization, these lectures unexpectedly, miracle number one sold out quite well on the internet, there were millions of views, after

that the management of the culture channel contacted me and offered to show them on culture, but usually it happens exactly the opposite: television is filmed, something for television, then from the internet there almost an amateur program was taken and shown on central television, this is also a miracle, this is number two, it goes well and enjoys the attention of its audience, and then actually miracle number three already, a professional publishing house said that we can write it all down and we will publish it as a book, i say, but it won’t be one book, because there are a lot of lectures, it will be a series, so they said it’s great, the series is better than a full-length film, great, yes, that’s why this is only the first series, more is planned in a couple of weeks will come out continuation, these are literary lectures, the lectures are also unusual, because i speak without preparation , i have a plan, i have a plan, the numbers are everything, but starting

the lecture i don’t... know either its duration or how it will end, to be honest, i often don’t even know what i’m going to say in the middle, because there is only a backbone on which some thoughts, ideas , facts popping up in my head are strung together, this doesn’t turn out to be reading from a monitor, this is a television news format, yes, it turns out conversation with viewer, it was unexpected for me, because well, one would think that vladimirovich midinsky, well , presents some kind of concept, yes, no, no concept, i have a concept, only one goal, i want, i tell stories that they seem interesting and instructive to me, and then you think for yourself , i just want you to find this interesting, so that it makes you want to maybe watch a movie on this topic or a monograph of something, well, suddenly, suddenly, suddenly , or at least there

sit down and open. this is not the history of the russian state, not the russian people, as was the case with nikolai alekseev of the field. soberly to my own capabilities and to temporary opportunities as well, so i’m not trying to give this the format of any scientific or academic monograph, so there are no links to sources, because why, this is not a scientific work, i’m not polemicizing with anyone modern authors, although if a professional historian on the topic reads

my books, there’s nothing new except the author’s look, that is, it’s not for him, in fact, yes, he, he will read the author’s point of view , because of course, some heroes are more attractive to me, there i like potemkin, but i don’t like pugachev, but when i i wrote about the decembrists, it will be in the third volume, i was preparing a lecture, i planned one lecture, i had one look at the decembrists, one story, that is, it changed right during the lecture, it turned out that i broke my leg for almost a month and sat at home . i had time instead of one lecture on the decembrists, it turned out to be three, i read a lot sources, and my view of them changed several times, how interesting it is, it turned out to be so interesting and... these are so different people trying to judge them by one kind of tracing paper, like in the soviet years they were the heroes of the star of captivating happiness in the pre-soviet in the imperial years these were state criminals in the post-soviet years this is now

a new fashionable topic, that these are such rebels , jacobinists, anti-statists, god forbid, so to speak, such a maidan, so that is, on the one hand, lenin - this is the first period liberation movement, who just didn’t understand that there is no dictatorship of the proletariat, in general everyone was right and good, they woke up, woke up hertsson, it would be better if he slept, but all these points of view, they are so, they make the world black and white, yeah, on in fact, everything is much more complicated, everything must be taken into account , after all, nevertheless, well, when - scientists from the background approach this, i remember how in soviet times there was a debate about what to call this decembrist something, yeah. that is, this is an important story, very interesting, very

difficult, and as always in a real story is very contradictory, and the history of the decembrists is certainly a story of the naivety of romanticism, and cruelty, and indifference to their own soldiers, whom they brought to the square or raised there in the chernikov province and some sincere impulse, the desire to do better, and cynicism, careerism, which sometimes the desire to do better led to totalitarian things possible there , it’s all so complicated, and that’s why it’s interesting, i really like the cover, it’s something i came up with myself, we came up with it ourselves or drew it, well a professional artist did it the way i wanted, i can’t do it so beautifully, but i still ... then there will be the next covers , there will be new heroes, a second chronology or types of hero, because here are the emperors of the 16th

century and the faces of the emperors, the second volume will be the 18th century generals it is already in print the third volume will be the 19th century emperors then there will be a century of generals then probably there will be scientists, public figures, poets, a separate volume will be peter i, you know, i have my first, a separate house, excuse me, i’m interrupting you because i’m curious all this, my first profession is a scientific editor, and also a literary one, so i can criticize a little, well, this principle is incomprehensible, yes, the first book is only on the fourth page of the cover, but the fact that it is about emperors, but it will also be about some other people, this is not very clear, it could be easily explained, it will be on the store shelf. this is probably how it will be, please tell me, the 16th century is just such a start - an era from which you feel confident as a historian,

because no, you are also familiar with earlier things were engaged, this is the time when, in fact, our country was formed in its modern form, multi -religious, multinational, imperial, but a different empire than the european empire, colonial, a completely different type of empire, you know, an empire that absorbed new territory, began it here to date, usually, and not to pull out all the values ​​from there, an empire that was incredibly tolerant and perceived its subjects equally, not a single ethnic group disappeared, no, only all grew, moreover, all all ethnic groups significantly have grown in number. this is a very interesting time with very interesting, bright, beautiful people, well, in conclusion, i’ll ask you , is it clear where this will be completed, such a difficult question, where with a constituent assembly or the second world war, maybe i would really