[000:00:00;00] firstly there was evgeniy evstigneev, he actually came to the third year, he did a graduation performance with us, with this family with evgeniy sanovich, with galina borisovna volchik, well, we are friends with denis, it’s just also somewhere around the same years 1980 year, because at the same time he studied at avgika and some mutual friends, well, evgeny sanovich, well, of course, you can only brag that we touched him, because they are all his contemporary, all his classmates, oleg pavlovich sabakov , they said, there was evstigneev, then a long, long pause, then we are all in terms of the level of talent and diversity, yes, such absolute kamism and to the highest tragedy, absolutely, yes, such, sofya stanislovna pelyavskaya, direct student of vladimir ivanov namirovich danchin, that is, you are the grandson of nimirovich danchin, we are with you we press each

other. through one, through two, no, through one it will be, ivanovich, kira nikolaevna golovko, uh-huh, kira nikolaevna golovko , the famous kira ivanova, actress of the moscow art theater, in whom admiral golovko loved, already being an admiral, and this there was a story that is worthy of literature, a movie, and a play, this is an incredible love story, amazing, amazing, he was one of the youngest admirals, during the war, either at the age of 39, or at the age of 40, he was given the admiral , he won the entire northern fleet during the war, oleg georgivich gerasimov, uh, amazing, wonderful, director, actor, actor, he has an acting biography, it didn’t work out, he was a wonderful director, especially many people know him, but they don’t know that he's the director of the record, and he was friends with vysotsky and this famous record, where

you are like aliba and 40 times. that's all ol georgivich gerasimov very, very many many records he recorded and performances and vysotsky is a graduate of which one i'll tell you now this is the famous course uh zhorfantsev in my opinion the sixty-first or something i'm confusing something there somewhere it's always like that it is important to feel that just two years ago, senyavsky, a literature teacher, taught vysotskogovsky. if our dear viewers do not know, i will say that he is an amazing, legendary personality, in addition encyclopedic knowledge, literature, theater history, without him there would have been no contemporary, he decided the biography of a contemporary, he decided the fate of a contemporary, when he was organizing here, they could not get out of the moss, they were a group

of young people who we found, he taught us, who was friends with borisomovich pasternak, who brought us, not whose autograph he compiled the book, okay, manuscripts, manuscripts, pasternak brought us poems, these were not drafts, these were already frequently rewritten poems and he had, well, you you know like a professional, but he has such a flying handwriting that it would be difficult to confuse him, here it’s unexpected. i’ll ask a question, of course, this romance is important, it permeates me, absolutely, when i remember that andrei danatovich taught vladimir semenovich, and here i, a great sinner, also teach future stars, but i’m talking about acting poetry reading, we’re talking about literature we say, yes, so i jokingly tell the guys, our common students, that i struggle with acting reading, because, unlike

musically. works, literature and especially poems do not require performance, well, that is, the performance is not inserted into the text, there are only a few who can read music from notes, i saw that there is something on their face that takes the score directly, but he understands that and i throw up my hands, i say, i i don’t know how, and few people can, but in poetry , on the contrary, it would seem that one can read without performing it, and doesn’t it turn out that pasternak will be useful to us? here, that the actor is forced, well, to pull himself a little, to feel a little of what may not be in the poems, now it is very fashionable to stage poems in different different theaters, in different venues, viktor anzhakov does it, the sfera theater does it, kolyagin does it, aleksandrovich in etstra and many, many others, in abkhat we

have whole political evenings, at brusnikina, of course, yes, but here. isn’t there some kind of original sin here, because there is a staging, it’s clear, when not, i would like to say that i don’t agree with you, no, no, this is not disagreeing with you, there is a profession of a poet, this is a wonderful , well, of course, it’s clear that this is a gift, but yes, this is a profession, but you know, we don’t, we can only imagine how pushkin read, yes, we heard akhmaduli, you and i heard, i saw her like you, and i too, of course, yes, we heard voznesensky, vtushenko, and robert rozhdestvensky, by chance, you , forgive me for interrupting, i’m listing, listing those poets whose reading style seems to be fused with the tech, and not the stadium, we heard, we heard on yesenin’s records, we heard on mayakovsky’s records, we heard on pasternak’s records , of course,

this is music in words, of course you are right, certainly, but, but it seems to me that the actor, and forgive me, please, that the actor, of course, has not been canceled, the talent in poetry, well, for poetry, the talent, the ability for poetry, is the same, he’s never read, but he doesn’t considered it necessary, so i want to tell you that efimich read zino, he added something else to samoilov, it seems to me that he added, of course, his biography, his life experience, and savina, sergeevna savina read so that it was possible die, and yursky, remember yursky, sergeyevich, you know that he, i was friends with him and continue to be friends with this family, and i yuevich asked him, how do you learn poetry? it’s terribly difficult for me, he says: i don’t teach, this is very correct, the poems are memorized, i don’t teach, and my daughter is eight years old, you understand,

it seems to me that it’s the same as in music, if we compare with music, which you understand, i'm sure that richtor added something to the music he played, to rachmaninov , you know, and it seems to me that no, no, i, i think that this is very actorly, and just even for the guys, which maybe we mentioned in passing about students, or maybe maybe during training it is necessary, and then they will not return to this, but something will happen to them, you know, there is some literature, since we...' say that i am sure that people, knowing this literature, reading such novels, they will not do anything nasty, these can be people of all professions, and you know, how i understood this, when one of our acting courses with you, yes, in which you

already taught, they did war and peace with masha brusnikina, i think, lord, i remember, i remember, but we’re boxing with the performance, they’re like that the texts say that this changes them, this is all of them for the rest of my life, i’m sure, but still about the poems a little, a little different, i always give examples, not even for the first time on my podcast, as boris leonidovich read , whom i adore, he read the poem augustus, well, great, as he promised, as if actually freeing the text from himself, freeing him from himself, because for them it’s not, for us artists, intonation, we have an acting profession - this is intonation, we are now talking about good intonation, this is some kind of

hypnosis, this is hypnosis, but this is incredible hypnosis, agree, she read, i remember, in the actor’s house that was still burnt down, on gorky street, god, well, i have a friend, she actually sees her, only she’s hysterical, and when she reads, she says what it is, some kind of magic and don’t remember to have a handy, when this moment and the past moment unite, like having copper, their common sound is a poem, something like that, yes, and how she talks about her daughter- i read that now incoming girls consider it one after the other a poem, and suddenly i now yes, suddenly i just saw a program, i don’t remember where , so as not to spoil the channels, i don’t remember where, seventy-four, luzhniki on a huge ethical evening, in my opinion it was the only one, where they all lived, here

at that time, simonov hosted it all, and it’s incredible, the season premiere, binge the star, on sunday on the first, montechoca cognac, a product of the stellar group, well, we are returning to the flab podcast, my name is dmitry bak, and i am the host of the literary podcast. let them not say under the name, let them read, our guest today, my interlocutor, honored artist of russia, rector of the mkhat studios school, igor yakovlevich zolotovsky. now comes the middle of our conversation, and here the usual presenter , that is, me, i do one of three, i either show some book from my library, and either read a poem and comment, or read a quote from the classics, but today there will be a combination of these two genres, and i

will risk showing you a book that is not in its original binding, with some inscriptions, then made, but this is important, this is a collection anna andreevna akhmatova's rosary, which was published for the first time by the hyperborean publishing house in st. petersburg in 194 and was published 11 times, three times counterfeitly, against the will of anna andreevna, and this is the height of her popularity, this is the rise of akhmatova, a couple of years have passed since then moment when nikolai gumilyov said: “anya, you are a poet, you need to make a book, it all started, and - my god, 11 editions of a small book, it is very important for me that everyone understands that this is a very small book, i have a book in my hands sixteenth

year, this is 1916. this is the third edition, the same hyperborean publishing house st. petersburg, and this very wear and tear and the fact that it is dressed in such a later binding with some naive inscriptions is evidence of popularity, because akhmatova spoke about such details of life that were not in poetry, well it was impossible to say, there on my knees in the garden there is a quinoa field, or i’m having fun with you drunk. or something like that, well , it’s impossible to imagine such a degree of elaboration of details, well , here’s one short poem i’ll read: after the wind and frost it was nice for me to warm myself by the fire, there i didn’t take care of my heart, but it was stolen from me , the new year holiday lasts magnificently, the wet stems of new year’s roses, in my chest i can no longer hear the fluttering, my heart was stolen, ah,

it’s not difficult for me to guess i recognized him by his eyes, only it was so scary that soon, soon, he would return his prey himself and this, well, with such a slight touch of salonity, detachment, even ironic mannerisms, but how much of this genuine feeling is here, how much of the diary is here , a woman in love, as actually... this was often classified a book and the previous book, which was called evening, the next book, which was called the white flock, anno domini, by the way , anno domini, this is an amazing name of the book, anno domini, this is the lord's summer, yes, this is my summer - says anna akhmatova, and this is such a subtle play of meanings, this is of course the summer of the lord, but this is the summer of the servant of god, this is the most famous one, this one, yes, uh. and

the title of this book, well, perhaps we continue our conversation, and now mm, now about some recent theatrical works yours, please tell us the important ones, maybe in connection with literature, maybe those that are just being made, if you can ask now, for me an event, the last performance, zhenya grishkovets, because these are texts, these are texts. wives and this performance is a conference and you were at this performance, and i’m sorry that i’m sorry that you were at the first, because i myself don’t like to go to premieres, and i know how, like a premiere performance, how exciting it is and doesn’t let go like a house, must absolutely must yes, must stand on its own place, but this gives us such joy and we did not expect it, this is of course, this is intuition, a property, a talent that feels

the need for such communication with people about literature, we are talking about a book, you know, this is a great book, this a great book, which, it has wonderful wording, everyone knows it, but with their own eyes, not everyone has read it, completely mysteriously, we are talking about vinepukh, we are talking about vinepukh, and about vinepukh, and i have a wonderful text there, let’s subject this to this text is analyzed, if, of course, it’s a miracle fairy tale you can analyze it, it’s a wonderful story, it all comes up in a completely new way, it’s all wonderful, but in the original everything is a little different, we have a beautiful scene, our villa, and our student, who is

english, so in her, and of course, and this is for me, well, first of all, it was a pleasure for me to fly through your project today. i’m talking to tur, and this performance is already underway, but now i entered it, just now, this is a duel performance, oh, how interesting, let ’s talk about it, and it’s anton pavlovichov , i’m once again amazed at his instinct for by the way, by the way, i don’t know how to formulate it, you can formulate it better than me , because i feel in the room, well, people , of course, are in a smaller group, especially today with this, by the way, a very important story, yes, because the germans even have a term - that is, drama for reading, very rarely, very rarely, you always surprise, not a drama, a duel

about not a play, it’s prose, and of course, you can feel it in the hall, how people perceive these beautiful words reasoning about love, it seems, it seems that this is all already, these words are not new and all this has already happened, how many times we heard about it, he somehow turns it around, well, in general it’s a completely special thing, because many, forgive me for jumping in and interrupting again, many thought that this was, well, close to the novel, chekhov wrote one novel, this a story, or a big story, it is - but how it is heard today, how it is heard today, this is an absolutely modern

story, but what does this story say to a person, it seems to be about hopelessness, it is about melancholy, there is that very title phrase almost... loevsky lives with a certain young lady, whom he took him away from her husband , nadezhda fedorovna, then he lives in the south, and of course, and like in any beautiful drama there is an antagonist who is engaged in science, who is a biologist, yes, yes. yes, who believes that this himself and each of them, what is the genius, yes, everyone has the truth, there is no negative hero, you, when, when vonkorn says his point of view about what he does, what he does, how an evil infusoria, yes, yes, destroyed, he must be destroyed as an evil infusoria, a slacker,

vanya loevsky, and my, and my, and my hero, samoilenko, doctor, says, if you drown people and hang them, to hell with your civilization, to hell with humanity. yes, yes, as voznesensky said, uh, all progress is reactionary, if a person collapses, that’s the whole point, but how he formulates, again, well, you understand, through his hero, i’m just now learning the text, because very, difficult, complex text, it’s difficult to enter into a good performance that has been going on for a long time, but it’s all the more amazing to meet with this text and when loev... says that the shark is again, the irons are again, here this is me, and mine says: vanya, you can’t live without an iron , samoylenko says, he’s such a kind laugher, wonderful, sympathetic, you can’t fuga, he says, he even sympathizes with vonkori, no, well, vonkoren, he

argues like that, yes, yes, of course, he stands between them, he stands in the middle, he goes to one to console, he goes to the other to wander. for this, one says one thing about him, the other says another, says, well, wait, guys, all these syllogisms don’t work here, that the enemy of my enemy is my friend there and so on, nothing like that, samoylenko is the slowest, most indecisive, all-consuming person in family life, vanya, the main thing is patience, not love, patience, love cannot last long, nothing can be built on it, love is passion, that’s the whole point , so you lived for 2 years? and now, as you can see, a period has come in family life that you need, in order to maintain balance, to use all your patience, and this generally applies to humanity, patience is so little now. and some kind of tolerance respect, don’t cut from the shoulder, it’s so important, it’s so important to preserve your humanity

, this is what igor zoltovitsky says in chekhov’s story the duel, but if we move on to modern literature, you know, it’s harder, harder, it’s your choice, something, for example, i know that we can talk about a librarian, this is today, yes, yes, yes, mikhail elizarov, i read this book before i was invited, to study from this book, of course, such a utopia, this is already a movie, this is cinema, this is cinema, this is no longer theater, cinema, but literature, this is based on literature, this is not a separate script, literature is greater than cinema and theater, i will tell our interlocutors , first of all, i thought that you would irritate, but if so, then okay, it happens very rarely, but cinema surpasses literature , and then if this is if the sequence was such that you watched the talented movies first, and then

read the book, i also had you know, this one now let’s digress a little, go back to the librarian, with the cuckoo flying overhead, i watched nicholson first and then read i have the book, of course, all these guys and so on stood before my eyes, well, ivan’s childhood of andrei dorkovsky, his debut. well, to some extent i had an event when i read this, it’s such a utopia on, i would say , on one shelf, well, if not on one shelf, then next to orwell, it’s a little scary with him, a little scary, i’m playing such a scoundrel. i play, but the main thing is that he, i met him with misha, yeah, elizam, he was at

the last, well, at one of the last filmings we sat in the crowd, of course, he, well that this is, of course, of course, yes, yes, that i liked that here, when i read it, i never acted, acted, that here it comes from a feeling, and not from a registrar, it is clear that all this turns into this. to some extent, religious fanaticism and and and there is no gap between feelings and fanaticism , this is a very important important story, it is very important to catch this edge, catch the grandee, it all turns to the opposite side and these people who were editors, heroes who were editors , which suddenly they were so influenced by the lines, so influenced some words that turned their consciousness upside down, well, i’m sure that those who hear us will not reach this brink, you will have good

impressions, there will be good impressions, they will read this book and other books, of course, without - risk, without any negativity, because there is a most paradoxical story , i always repeat it, that a book is art - this is the last thing, it is not subject to algorithmization, technologization, well, i took a pill, can i tell you about one more book, but you tell me what genre this book is, but we need to finish it, but anyway, and you know about these books, we have now released them, we found two boxes in the archives of the mkhat museum, we found two boxes with letters to the mkhat from 1898 to 1928, dear friends, this is a wonderful history of the country, through letters from viewers. art theatre, this is literature, tell me, this is literature, of course, it hasn’t come out yet, i haven’t seen it, it’s come out

, i haven’t seen it, my god, what a treasure, what a treasure, all these books were in color, they were two books, ninety-eighth, thirteenth year and thirteenth, ninetieth these books are in color, in color covers i have stand on the shelf, i adore them, i am sure that these books are also wonderful, just as our conversation today was wonderful, which really outlined many common territories for the theater, for literature and, most importantly, for modern man, who without this is still cannot live and will not be able to, this is more than necessary , thank you very much, i sincerely thank igor yakovlevich zoltovitzsky, honored artist of russia, rector of the school of mx studios for our conversation, thank you, dear igor, see you. all the best, goodbye, well i always speak to you, our dear, immature interlocutors, with an edifying intonation,

in fact very friendly and democratic . read with pleasure, dear friends. the other day i saw two public opinion polls. our people were asked who is the greatest and most effective. there was a ruler in russia, well, they named peter the great, in general it’s clear, there are two reasons in my opinion , firstly, the reforms were really grandiose, and secondly, in general, and before revolutionary historiography, soviet historiography, today there are more most of the attention, in my opinion, is paid to peter among the former, this is understandable, but in general there are all sorts of

unchristian nuances, let’s try to talk about this topic. let’s try, especially since discussions have been going on around peter since the beginning of his reforms, in fact , yes, in fact, one of the most famous discussions of our 19th century between westerners and salonophiles around the figure of peter, these disputes continue to this day, they remain relevant, of course, hello, this is a historical podcast, russia and the west on the swing of history, with with you pyotr romanov and sergei solov, today we will talk about, one might say, the main westernizer of russian history, peter i. i can name many names who were called the forerunners of peter the great, although in fact, of course, some, some, but

they are incomparable, none of them are with peter in the grandeur of the reforms, in the persistence of these reforms, and ivan the terrible, who strove for the baltic, there was a period when, during the livonian war, the russians occupied narva, and peter tried to make narva a gateway to the west, ivan formidable, tried very hard, tried, but it turned out that they left narva, there was godunov, who sent vasily galitsin to peter the great, to the west, sophia, well, he was the most avid european and westernizer, he knew languages,

he knew languages, he even communicated with the izuzuts, calmly, and dreamed . about very many, many reforms, first of all, so to speak, about the reform of the army, because during the campaigns to the south, he suffered a big major failure, especially since he wanted to reform the army, but in general, all of them, of course, are only partially , vasily kolyuchevsky believed that, in general, the ancestors they left peter almost a draft design of all the reforms, and peter then, so to speak, followed this project, there is really no evidence of this. none in history, that’s not all of what klyuchevsky listed, so to speak, peter implemented, at least in general logic, especially since this logic was determined by a number of negative factors, russia in the 16th century loses many wars, well, you can remember the time of troubles, but then, twice in 1634, in 166, the russian army capitulated with banners with

the commander-in-chief in full force. the chagerin campaigns, the war with the ottoman empire, are dragging on, in general it was not very successful for russia, for the ottoman empire it was also not very successful, but at least a decisive turning point was not achieved, with the polish army not the most combat-ready in europe, russia is at war very long and painfully, in fact, the crimean campaigns of vasily golitsin, whom you mentioned, and unsuccessful campaigns, they tried to make some kind of attempt at luck out of them, but nevertheless the crimean khan then annoyed russia. before the time of catherine, uh, russia is inferior to the west, and this it becomes obvious that among these failures, in fact, the first attempts of peter i, this is the first azov campaign, is also not the most powerful fortress, because the azov fortress was outdated at that time, nevertheless, the first azov campaign fails, the second with great effort, successful, well then a catastrophe blows up, the year 1700, when the northern war begins for russia, all this

shows that the country needs modernization. because if the army fights like this, if the situation with military-political efforts is so bad, then it means that they can just eat you, to put it in completely banal language, of course, they wanted to eat, they wanted to eat , russia pulled out such a joker from the figure of peter , because the figure is completely extraordinary, there are a lot of accidents here in my opinion, well listen, 16th a child, from his second marriage, by the way, from natalya naryshkina, he is the fourteenth, well, it doesn’t matter, well, i don’t remember , you know, you can get lost, with so many descendants you can. it was necessary for a lot of different circumstances to arise, in order for this particular person to ascend the throne, he did not receive the education that the heirs

to the throne usually received, so to speak, after the death of his brother fedor, in general, his teachers were the street, german freedom, and german freedom, by the way, nearby with preobrazhensky, it also appeared by chance, because it burned down and could have been completely rebuilt. place, and we know what influence, so to speak, german freedom and those masters with whom he met and who taught him had on peter, but the same klyuchevsky, he once wrote in his diary that autocracy, with only narva without poltava, is nonsense, but peter really was one of those people who knew how to take responsibility for themselves, including yes, that is, he did not hesitate to take responsibility for himself responsibility for the mistakes made, yes, he did not try to blame them on the performers, like many other figures in russian history, he never followed the principle of nicholas i, we do not need smart people, but loyal subjects,

on the contrary, yes, on the contrary, from the very beginning it was so, but at the same time for a huge part population, peter ii went down in history not as peter the great, but as peter the antichrist, this is , of course, an old believers designation, because under peter the persecution of old believers sharply intensified. in which peter saw this antiquity, especially since the streltsy, the streltsy rebellion, this very one, which gave rise to peter’s emotions and which later, as many historians believe, cost him a nervous tic and fits of rage when he saw how they were dealt with before his eyes with matveev, his confidant, and his mother, peter ii, of course, how can we remember lenin’s quote, yes, i am exaggerating, but nevertheless, i somewhat reformed a barbaric country using barbaric methods, the methods were extremely cruel, and this cruelty was established from the same beginning. this is that part of peter’s reign, which in no case should be forgotten, because there is such a cult image of peter i, there is a second one, this shadow peter, who, which we also must remember, is generally curious, because we have

to the german freedom has such an attitude, well , some foreigners there are germans, not us no, well, the germans, yes, not us, and peter , of course, also does not have a christ-like image, there are all these sprees of his. he studied and walked, although this is generally for a person, this is also a kind of education, it shapes, so to speak , in general peter, of course, well, according to today, you can call him a technician, he was primarily interested, back in preobrazhensky, he did a lot took from the kremlin, all sorts of weapons and other things, and the destruction of the chamber, and then returned everything broken or disassembled into pieces, so that he tinkered with all the pieces of hardware, first of all he was interested, of course, in technology, military affairs, anything, so to speak, connected with technology, with all these matters, this was a priority and

, in fact, when he went abroad, the first thing he wanted to see was riga fortress, the swedes did not allow it, then there was a version that he started to fight with the swedes because he was offended that they did not let him in. but they really greeted him very coldly, it’s true, they greeted him coldly, unlike the germans, well, of course, i i remember that somewhere after peter’s death, they found in the archives the notes of some incomprehensible gentleman, so to speak, his impressions of the west, but what interested this gentleman, just in order to understand the directly opposite antipodes, i don’t know , there are acrobats jumping over their heads, a dancing elephant - well, a lot of all sorts of entertaining things, curiosities, yes, what did peter do, well, it is known, christomatina, he worked there, i don’t know, in holland, with his own hands,

by the way, it is known that you are here you can correct me again, i’m not good with numbers, but during his younger years, he had already mastered four different, so to speak, specialties, or crafts, let’s say, professions. this is too loud, of course, the dutch taught him to some level in the building ship, no, he was not satisfied, he went to england, and also studied a lot. there were episodes when he somehow touched on other topics, visited parliament, left there with an impression, and it’s funny when they criticize the sovereign, so to speak, but not for us, but not for us, not for us, not for us , he had a conversation with the local archbishops about this say about religion, church affairs and so on, it seemed like there was a serious conversation, although the englishman, in my opinion, reacted to this conversation like that. what an unusual combination

of a wild barbarian and the smartest man. the same thing, two german bookstores who received him, from whom at first he covered his face with his hands and was embarrassed, and then they said that he was at the same time very kind and very evil, because that’s how it is, that’s how it was, so of course the man was very complex and contradictory, and this must be understood, it is still largely a mystery, because historians have versions of how he was formed, his personality traits that developed in childhood, he is not a typical figure for russia in the 16th century, this is important to understand, this is desperate curiosity, a craving for novelty, the ability to assimilate it, a desire to touch everything with your hands and yourself to produce all this , a clear focus on practical needs and theoretical ones also appeared later, when there will be regular regulations, when there will be some attempt to create what we call a regular state, but this will come later, reforms

peter are quite chaotic, the whole goal is to create a coalition against turkey, although historians argue from the very beginning or against the ottoman empire, maybe initially there were also ideas about sweden, but in any case the goal is to create a coalition to access the sea, the sea is needed for what, this is trade, since the proceeds from trade with russia ended up in the pockets of western merchants and one of the largest cities through which russian goods are exported is riga, respectively, könecksberg, where. speaking to the question of his practical needs, the head of the prussian artillery demonstrated, respectively, and fortress artillery, how to handle it, and peter, first of all , listened carefully and absorbed all this. peter is looking for allies, trying to create an international coalition in order to get access to the sea, access to the sea is also an opportunity to get more of those same new products from the west, and in this case it is not particularly important for him to have access to which sea, or and then it is necessary

to fight with turkey, continuing the azov theme, or the north, respectively, then against sweden, but it is necessary to say that diplomatically, it didn’t work out very well, russian diplomacy was still only wearing short pants, in holland the diplomatic mission was completely, absolutely, failed, including through the fault of peter himself, there was not enough subtlety, and europe at that time, which is interesting, the elderly spanish king was soon to die and so was europe. for the spanish inheritance, who are the bourbons, the french or the habsburgs, the holy roman empire, vienna, peter the first visited vienna, of course, he was there, well, that’s all, the austrians were in their own way, with these diplomatic subtleties, then, at least, he would learn later, and russian diplomats would learn later, but then he still couldn’t cope, especially the science of giving bribes to foreign ministers, also then the russians were just beginning to comprehend, until

behaved enough, in my opinion, in holland or in england, in england the owner, the owner of the house where the russian embassy was located, was presented with a bill for broken furniture, torn paintings and even a destroyed park, they had a complete rest, to the fullest, so, the coalition against turkey failed to create europe, then russia, in general, is not particularly interested in western europe, even if you look at the maps then, there are all sorts of names, yes, there is black russia, white russia, tataria, it’s just not interesting, europe is ending. roughly speaking, then it was still poland , well, yes, he still managed to create a coalition against sweden, but the swedes interfered with the danes, the saxons, the saxon ruler, augustus ii, thanks to the russian troops, by the way, received the polish crown, friendship , moreover, they met august on the way back, and in fact, the final touches to the anti-swedish alliance were given when peter was rushing, it must be recalled, he was going to get to italy,

just to venice. state, but in russia streltsy rush to rush, chop off heads, this is a historical podcast, russia and the west are on the swing of history, we study, we consider the history of peter’s reforms, you actually outlined why, after all, to the baltic, why the northern war began, because well , this was truly russia’s national interest, it was necessary. history of confrontation with the swedes were long, there was a lot of things there, they beat us, they beat us for a long time, while in the forest, we don’t know much about it, but peter called her

this battle the mother of poltava, so to speak, because there for the first time, the swedes were completely defeated, and the russians it was much less, about 600, this raised morale, so they went to poltava with a completely different mood. talking about the significance of poltava is a rather charismatic topic, i will give only one, such a funny episode, our former ambassador to sweden, grenevsky, recalled that when one swede they asked, what would have happened if the swedes had won, and not the russians? and he answered that well, then there would also be a soviet swedish union of republics, because well, in english it sounds like so, so, so, that means, somewhere near the white sea

a small russian state would arise, very rich , comfortable, in 1991, in 1991, this whole swedish union... near the white sea, maybe it won’t be like that, it won’t be so rich, maybe it won’t be so russian, this state, apparently they decided, thought, decided, without everyone these may be better to defeat, the battle of poltava immediately put russia among the european states, let's remember that sweden at this moment is a very powerful regional power, without 5 minutes a world power, which as a result. the thirty years' war rose to prominence in europe, the swedish army is considered the legislator of the style in land battles at that time, here is this victorious swedish army, which had previously beaten the russians led by charles, beaten the poles, whoever

had been beaten up to this moment, now it endures devastating, here it is important to understand that this was not just a defeat, it was a catastrophe, it was a complete defeat, only then after the pursuit of the russian army after poltava it was captured, but it must be said that peter was leading to poltava very carefully, avoiding unnecessary risks , in general there is such an idea, peter, determination, storm onslaught, there and so on, like a bispor almost with iron and blood, peter is very careful, peter, in the period after narva, by the way, here is an interesting nuance, history does not know the subjunctive mood, but imagine , what would be, if charles xxi had not gone to pursue august in poland, yes, but had turned immediately after poltava to finish off peter, it is quite possible that history could have gone a different way, karl made a fundamental, strategic... mistake, and peter ii, with the help of strategy small war, strategy of attrition, beats swedish troops in the neva region, in livland, gradually recaptures the cities, then recaptures narva itself without the noise with which his defeat was associated. in the same way, through the strategy

of attrition, slowly, through the strategy surviving land, he essentially forces charles xix to depend on the convoys and ultimately go to mazepa, although the story with mazepa was a surprise for peter himself, mazepa in this sense demonstrated loyalty , unlike many previous hetmans, but these are details, strategies he never attempted to crush the enemy; he was a very careful commander, a fairly cautious ruler. few people here think about why, strictly speaking, as many as 12 years have passed between poltava and the non-state world, which happened, we don’t think much about it, some people think that he was in karl 12, that’s his character, he was generally, well, straightforward, why was he stubborn, didn’t give up, and so on, there, nevertheless, he returned home after some time, which means he again had a lot of plans, and now he already wanted