[000:00:00;00] still, one thing, from pobedonostsev, and not only from pobedonostsev, from the entire russian context, nicholas ii definitely learned, this is that it is necessary to protect the beginning of an unshakable autocracy, and his reservation in the coordination speech when he had already become emperor is known , he called dreams of parliament meaningless, in the 1897 census, he also filled out the corresponding questionnaire, and in the occupation column he wrote the owner of the russian land. this is exactly how he felt until the very end of his reign: master of the land russian. how adequate this was to the realities of that time is a big question. it’s interesting that the very beginning of his reign, all his predecessors, in general, came with some fairly definite program, well, not a plan, maybe specific actions, but still, paul did everything that catherine did,

alexander ii changed a lot of what paul , nicholas ii, after the decembrist uprising, with surprise, let’s say, considered the police matter in general, when it was organized in russia and created a gendarme, so to speak, state, alexander ii, great reforms, he practically changed the policies of his father, alexander ii largely disagreed with the liberal initiatives of his father, too, counter-reforms, of course, yes, counter-reforms, yes, with nothing... nicholas ii came with nothing, he did not have any plans of his own, in general, the force of inertia acted, such that he, both in domestic and foreign policy, tried to continue his father’s work to some extent, well , in internal politics, we can remember, let’s say that he, thank god, continued, here are my father’s economic undertakings, monetary

so to speak, these are the reforms, yes, but as for foreign policy, well, alexander ii of the famous one was called a peacemaker, and indeed, in general, he was a man of a non-military nature, in any case he did not fight, he had the only a serious war, customs with germany , economic, here he was defending the russian wallet, so to speak, he was the owner, so he was really some kind of owner of the russian land, he was interested in, say, pacifist ideas, yes, something like that? it all fell on him table, but he, sympathizing with this, he threw aside, because he believed that it was utopian, something, and nicholas ii, well, well, one might say, so, figuratively speaking, he took from the basket what the pope threw away , tried, so to speak, to implement this peacekeeping idea, or something, well, then there were several

such well-known works that really. lived in russia for a long time, wrote a book so to speak that was so pacifist, this book was very popular then, it influenced the views of the then young emperor, so to speak. this is for armament and the mission was created, in fact, here are the first two hague, disarmament conferences, yes, this is a great merit of nicholas and russian diplomacy, it must really be noted, perhaps somewhat reducing the pathos, that these conferences were beneficial for russia, why? russia was losing the arms race, yes, because at that time the arms race was mainly associated there with the cold war and so on, in

fact there was an arms race going on. in the field of the navy, especially between great britain and germany, first of all germany and france, great britain and france, russia, were clearly completely lagging behind here, so introducing the idea of ​​disarmament was beneficial to russia, despite the fact that at the same time, russia was pursuing a rather aggressive policy in the far east, that’s why there was some kind of living contradiction here, there is a widespread myth that nicholas ii was a characterless person, so it’s probably worth saying about this right away. that he was not spineless, he was sure of his chosenness by god, but he had quality, i think you will agree, he was surprisingly incapable of selecting people for himself, he inherited all the ministers of his father, the next minister, in my opinion, was garimykin, then from the post of minister of internal affairs, or durnovo, now i’m afraid to make a mistake, left , it was necessary to appoint someone new, and uh, nicholas ii turned for advice to two opposing figures in his circle,

the victorious vyvitta, they are with each other. they didn’t coincide in anything, they had polar views, i asked, what about you, here’s plehve, candidate and sipyagin, vito was a man such a courtier, an intriguer, and he answered very slickly, said that plevya, of course, is a man of great intelligence, but in the modern situation his mind is not flexible enough, and his methods are not pure enough, they can cause criticism, there are social problems there and so on, and sepyagin is a man, of course a most honest, honest man, but not clever enough in the current situation, he was not a victorious courtier, he answered simply: sepyagin is a fool, a spit scoundrel, what did nikolai do, he appointed sepyagin first, who was killed by the esrs, then plevya, who was also killed by the esrs, this is the worst... that is, he did not listen to smart advisers with polar views, even when they coincided, he appointed people, in general, who, among other things, pushed the country to the revolution, the first russian revolution, finally one more

thing, it is known what influence the german emperor welgel had on nicholas ii, because a very interesting point, alexander ii was very contemptuous of wilhelm, he called him dancing. because he has such was the gait, as said by such a pros officer, who wobbles when walking, and he alexander ii was such a straightforward man, big, large, and he suppressed this wilhelm, absolutely, you see there is a scene where - wilhelm runs to the pyronik, meeting alexander ii , to give him an overcoat, and when the power...' we changed and nicholas ii came, the roles changed diametrically, wilhelm simply psychologically put pressure on nicholas and he succumbed, including, he pushed him to war in the far

east, because it was profitable germany, and nikolai succumbed, yes, he was called there, i don’t know, admiral, so to speak , of the pacific ocean, there of the far east, that is, how did he not seduce him with the idea that he would attack, well, i must say that nikolai was strongly seduced -it wasn’t necessary, he wanted to go to the far east, he wanted it, yes, and witte himself whetted his appetites, because when the agreement on the chinese eastern railway was concluded in moscow in 1896, russia built a railway from transbaikalia to vladivostok through northern manchuria, got the opportunity, well, formally this railway was the property of a joint-stock company, in fact it was russian territory, this... russia gained predominant influence there, began to peacefully develop northern manjaria, but nicholas ii became obsessed, on wilhelm’s initiative, indeed, the germans took over port in china, and russia seized the port of arthur, violating

its own agreement with china, and on the protection of its territorial integrity, which would actually allow russia to have preferences in china peacefully. then there was an uprising boxer, the hatuanian uprising in china, russia suppresses it, including russian troops. including entering beijing led by general linevich, well, they robbed, not without that, but russia does not withdraw troops from manzhuria, after the uprising was suppressed, the japanese ask, when will you withdraw the troops, what does russia answer, russia is silent. in general , he was warned about the great risks of this war by the same kuropatkin, who had visited japan a year before, the minister of war and saw with his own eyes, so to speak, the potential of the japanese, so he was aware all these matters, and then he had to... conduct military operations , witta also warned, and then he had to clear up the failure and conduct very difficult negotiations with the japanese about peace, but in

portsmos, he did, it seems, everything possible, so no less, he ceded half of sakhalin, he, therefore, well, nikolai awarded him, so to speak, the title of count, and the press was sarcastic about this, calling him... the count of half-sakhalin, his mother warned him and was categorically against this idea of ​​​​the russian-japanese war, she is generally the smartest woman and did very a lot in order to somehow correct his behavior, but from the very beginning of his reign, this was not possible , let’s remember khadynka, this tragedy that occurred - a bloody stampede, a bloody stampede, during coronation celebrations, distribution of gifts, yes, yes , well, i don’t know, but in any case they don’t behave the way nikolai behaved in this situation,

he wrote in his diary that yes, something unpleasant happened, it’s all bad, but at the same time, despite the protests mother, went to a ball at the english... embassy after that in the same day on the same day and he waltzed, so to speak, with alexandra fedorovna, this caused a very negative reaction in society, in general he was condemned by the foreigners themselves. who were there, they were shocked by such behavior, it turns out that, in general, nicholas ii , waltzing with his wife, took the first steps towards the abyss, and marxism had nothing to do with this, these are purely personal, so to speak , affairs, and at the same time they appointed some colonel there, they accused, yes, and grand duke sergei alexandrovich, uncle tsar, aid for the victims was of course allocated,