[000:00:00;00] except not in harmony, but in his young years he had already mastered fourteen different, so to speak, specialties, or crafts, let’s say, professions, this is too loud, of course, the dutch taught him to some level in the ship’s structure, no, he not satisfied, went to england, also studied a lot, there were episodes when he somehow touched on other topics, visited parliament... left there with the impression that it’s funny when they scold the sovereign, so to speak, but not for us, but not for us, not for us, not for us, he had a conversation with those there archbishops about, so to speak, religion, church affairs and so on, it seemed like there was a serious conversation, although the englishman , in my opinion, reacted to this conversation in such a way as what an unusual combination of a wild barbarian and the smartest

person, the same thing, this must be understood, this is still for now, it is largely a mystery, because historians have versions of how he was formed, his personality traits, formed in childhood, but he is not a characteristic figure for russia of the century, it is important to understand, this is desperate. craving for life, the ability to assimilate it, the desire to touch everything with one’s hands and to do all this yourself, a clear focus on practical needs and theoretical ones also appeared later, when there will be regular regulations, when there will be some attempt to create what we call a regular state, but this will happen later, peter’s reforms are all quite chaotic, the goal is create a coalition against turkey, although historians argue whether it was against the ottoman empire from the very beginning,

maybe initially there were also ideas about sweden, but in any case, the task is to create a coalition to access the sea, the sea needed for what? this is trade, since the proceeds from trade with russia ended up in the pockets of western merchants and one of the largest cities through which russian goods were exported, riga, respectively, könecksberg, where, by the way, peter, to the question of his practical needs, the head of the pruzian artillery demonstrated , accordingly, yes a serf. coalition , in order to gain access to the sea, access to the sea is also an opportunity to get more of those same new products from the west, and in this case it is not particularly important for him to have access to which sea, or the black one, then we need to fight with turkey, continuing the azov theme

, or the north, respectively, then against sweden, but i must say that diplomatically , uh, well, it didn’t work out very well, russian diplomacy was still only in short pants went to holland, a diplomatic mission was completely failed, including through the fault of peter himself, there was not enough subtlety, and europe at that time, what is interesting, was soon to die, the elderly spanish king, and europe had to grab the spanish inheritance, who bourbons, french or habsburgs, holy roman empire, vienna. he visited vienna, of course, he was there, well, it’s like, the austrians were in their own way, with these diplomatic subtleties, then, at least, later he will learn, and russian diplomats will then learn, but then he still couldn’t cope, much less give science bribes to foreign ministers were also just beginning to be comprehended by russians at that time, while they behaved quite freely, this is in my opinion in holland, or in england, in england the owner,

the owner of the house where the russian was located, presented the bill the embassy for broken furniture, torn paintings and even a ruined park, we had a full, full rest, but it was not possible to create a coalition against turkey, then europe, in general, is not particularly interested in russia, western europe, even if you look at the maps then, there are names there are all sorts of them, and there ’s black russia, white russia, tataria, it’s just not interesting, europe ends, roughly speaking, then it’s still poland, well, yes, that’s against it. and he still managed to create a coalition, but the swedes interfered with the danes, the saxons, the saxon ruler august v, thanks to the russian troops, by the way, received the polish crown, friendship , and they met with august on the way back and in fact the final touches to the anti-swedish alliance were given when peter rushed, it must be recalled, he was going to get to italy, how once to venice, and get acquainted with the venetian trade, venice then was no longer at the zenith of power, but still quite

famous. a powerful trading state, but in russia there is a streltsy streak, he rushes, rushes to chop off heads, a wandering artist with an easy character, troubodour, always in search of adventure, they always find it, fantastic, next level, tomorrow on the first, old barrerel cognac, product of the stellar group. this is a historical podcast of russia, we are studying the west on the swing of history, we are looking at the history of peter’s reforms, you

actually outlined why peter went to the baltic, why the northern war began, because well, this was truly in the national interest. it was necessary to break through to the baltic, the history of the confrontation with the swedes long, there was a lot of things there, they beat us, they beat us for a long time, while in the forest , we don’t know much about it, but peter called it, this battle is the mother of poltava, so to speak, because there for the first time, the swedes were completely defeated, moreover, there were much fewer russians, some of them were ours. and most importantly, it raised morale, so they went to poltava with a completely different mood. talking about the significance of poltava is a rather charismatic topic, i will cite only one such funny episode,

our former ambassador to sweden, grinevsky, i recalled that when one swede was asked, what would have happened if the swedes had won, and not the russians? and he answered that well... then the soviet swedish union of republics would also arise, because well, in english it sounds like so, so, so, that means, somewhere near the white sea a small the russian state, very rich, comfortable, in 1991, in 1991, this whole swedish... union would have collapsed miserably, apparently the russians thought, maybe by the white sea, maybe not like that, it won’t be so rich,

maybe this state will not be so russian, apparently they decided, thought, decided, without all these, it might be better to win , the battle of poltava immediately put russia among the european states, let's remember that sweden at this moment is a very powerful regional power, within 5 minutes a world power. which, as a result of the thirty years' war, rose to prominence in europe, the swedish army is considered the legislator of the style in land battles at that time, here is this victorious swedish army, which before that beat the russians led by karl, beat the poles, whoever they beat up to this moment, now she is suffering defeat, it is important to understand that this was not just a defeat, it was a disaster, it was a complete defeat, only then after the persecution of the russian army after poltava was captured, but it must be said that peter leads to poltava. very carefully, peter avoided unnecessary risks, in general there is such an idea , peter, determination, storm onslaught, there and so on, like bismack almost with iron and blood, peter is very

careful, peter, in the period after narva, here by the way, an interesting nuance, history does not know the subjunctive mood, but imagine what would have happened if charles 12 had not gone to poland to chase august, yes, but had turned immediately after poltava to finish off peter, it is quite possible that history could have gone a different way , charles x did... using the strategy of a small war, the strategy of attrition, beats swedish troops in the neva region, in livonia, gradually recaptures the cities, then recaptures narva itself without the noise with which his defeat was associated, in the same way, with using a strategy of attrition, slowly, using the strategy of surviving the land, he essentially forces charles xi to depend on the convoys and ultimately go to mazepa. although the story with mazepa was a surprise for peter himself, mazepa, in this sense, demonstrated loyalty , unlike many previous hetmans, but these are details, he never followed the strategy of crushing the enemy, he was a very careful commander, a fairly cautious ruler,

with us few people wonder why, in fact, as many as 12 years have passed between poltava and the non-state world, which happened, we don’t think much about it, some... believe that he was in karl 12, that’s his character, he was generally, well, stubborn, that he was stubborn, didn’t give up, and so on, there, that however, he returned home after some... time, which means he again had a lot of plans, and now he already wanted the russians to become allies, then that’s it, all these negotiations ended, because charles x2 is somewhere there in norway, during the storming of another fortress, it means he died, his sister rose, everything froze, what is peter doing? first of all, no panic, he was sure that by this moment the russian army and the russian fleet would be able

to protect. russia, secondly, began a policy of forcing peace, so you spoke there, they went and beat up to poltava, the same thing, they landed troops on swedish soil, they went and did not touch churches, did not touch the civilian population, they destroyed factories there, copper smelters factories there and so on and so forth, especially since peter ii removed the threat to germany, he removed troops from mecklinburg, again he did not take risks, this is very important, and in parallel with this is also important here. why 12 years, firstly, the swedes had a fleet left, which also had to be beaten and gangut for the fourteenth year, gringam, then, yes, the swedish fleet suffered defeats, the second time due to the english, by the way, but the most important thing is that during all this a restructuring is taking place, a radical restructuring of the entire system of management, taxation, provision of the army, the old system of noble militia, which was dying even before peter, it did not work, and hence the attempts of the reitar regiments

even under mikhail. this system doesn't work it is outdated, therefore, it introduces conscription, an unlimited source, and this is a tough, very tough system, if a recruit runs away, then those who respectively provided him, those who vouched for him, there were vouchers there, must take his place, very a rigid system that caused opposition, but nevertheless, peter provides it, he provides the army with personnel, the army needs to be supplied, accordingly, reforms... tax, hence, this very famous poll tax, hence the censuses and audits that have begun fairy tales, yes, which allow you to count how much of the population, how much can be taken from it, then all these famous incomers, yes, when you count it completely, a profession has appeared, and where to take taxes, and the first one, in my opinion, was sheremetyev’s yard man, butler sheremet.

yes, kurbatov, who came up with the idea that you can take money from stamped paper, and this led to the fact that the paper on which official decrees are written should be stamped, and this accordingly rebuilds the entire legal system, that is, the source of law is now it becomes only the state, well, yes, yes, whoever has a stamped paper, the sovereign is only the state, yes, and accordingly, money goes to the state and the state, again, it sharply increases control over citizens, this is where the initial ha in europe, the state, begins to take shape where the ruler, accordingly, identifies himself with the fatherland, actually identified himself with the fatherland and considered himself a servant of the fatherland, though the first, of course, but still a servant of the fatherland, but at the same time this regular

state should. residents, for residents there must be control, symbolically, peter i returns from the great embassy, ​​in addition to the fact that he chops off the heads of the archers , takes part in torture, he cuts the beards of the boyars, with his own hands, and then after a while he shortens the hem of the caftans, that is, even if petty , but control, including over the personal lives of the residents of the state, and all this together adds up to that pyramid of reforms, because peter’s reforms ... are very difficult to study chronologically, because here and there, yes, we still talk about them we're talking in hindsight, yes, yes, because otherwise, this is really chaos, peter i works on the stimulus-response principle, in the first place initially, the fleet, the army, and then everything that follows, but in the end it does not line up in some simple pile, in general it is quite harmonious, which existed after his passing away from life, buildings, all historians, strictly speaking, they are chronologies, as you said... it’s almost impossible to build there, because everything goes on at the same time, adjusted,

corrected, expanded, canceled and so on, only then based on the result of the reforms they say, here are peter’s reforms, but how to do this in this great turmoil, you can only look like this and quickly jump out of there, because there is little there, little will be understood, peter corrects his own mistakes, he leads one of the first reforms, having arrived with looking at the west, peter understands that he has gone too far here, and this will further be characteristic of his reign. peter succeeded everywhere, reformed a lot in all areas, and of course it didn’t work out everywhere, somewhere it worked out great, let’s say, well, military affairs, the army, so to speak,

even training, the military, military craft, all this was delivered very well, and very quickly, in historical terms, so to speak, peter even got rid of foreign advisers, because after peter, after peter they leveled off, leveled off, no, they there were, but the generation of russian officers was already rising, of course, the industry is irrelevant, because so much was built, well, one example, if iron was exported before peter, then after peter it could have been imported. on the contrary, or rather on the contrary, the quality is no worse, and why even better than from abroad, the same with weapons, and this is a matter of national security, they purchased weapons in huge quantities, practically stopped purchasing them, that is, some types were still

purchased, but in general they switched over to their own production, failure , of course, this is agriculture, because the country was so depleted , the village was bled dry, so here, of course, to take a step forward, well, since we took a step in the industrial area there, let’s say, it was simply impossible, we continue to deal with the petrovskys reforms, in a historical podcast, russia and the west on the seesaw of history, you said, in general, peter understood perfectly well that war requires money, money and money, so the military question, military reform, dragged everything else with it, education of course it turned out that in some special areas education has advanced, but in general, of course, the country remained illiterate, the same as it was, so those who received, so to speak, a certain education, these are , of course, specialists, because they are needed

were, however, an academy was created, no, the academy was in st. petersburg, schools were created, schools were created, no, a lot. was done, at the expense of the baptism all this is being created, in addition to the fact that the peasants are building st. petersburg, in addition to the fact that the driven peasants also built the same azov fleet, which allowed them to take it the second time, and also, these are thousands of people moved from their place , and then tens of thousands, and then hundreds of thousands, at the petrovsky manufactory, their number under peter increases by an order of magnitude, but at the same time who worked at the manufactories before peter a few, there was free wage labor, including was, and now and there enslaved, or a few , respectively free people, walking people, and now strictly, assigned, sessional workers, serfs, yes, who are assigned to the ural factories, and the merchants

get the opportunity to own them, because by the way, peter’s reform is also interesting, first the state creates various kinds of merchant industries. realizing that this does not work very effectively, they are simply handed over to merchants for nothing within an hour. obligation that the merchant must fulfill state orders, army orders first of all, the main source of development is still the state, so this strengthening of serfdom is a huge problem that also needs to be talked about, because the main source of reforms is the tightening of serfdom , yes, it did not begin under peter, the sililians were of course wrong here , peter was credited with a sharp tightening of serfdom, he began the conciliar code of eternal enslavement, but peter ii , of course, tightens these screws very tightly, to the point that the peasants, and like the former black sows, that is, state godparents, they are now all state, he levels out various uh subgroups

, state peasants also do not have the right of free movement, got drunk, ended up in a neighboring village in a drunken shop, you are forcibly expelled back, and put on the note that maybe he tried to escape, how many disputes there were about whether it was possible or impossible to reform russia, so to speak, not as harshly as peter did, well, dashkova, for example, wrote that peter instilled some kind of skills that russians would still have come to by communicating with other peoples, painlessly, and the issue is very controversial, but it is clear that shaving beards is unlikely to have helped much, so to speak, with reforms, a controversial issue, you can i can argue, because of my beard, i think it’s impossible, it wasn’t necessary, but were these very

mandatory camisoles and tobacco, foreign camisoles, necessary, lifestyles need to be changed, no, lifestyles need to be changed, long camisoles, a different type movement, yes, yes, yes, just that walk with scissors and cut, because it is necessary quickly, and that is, he cut off everything at once , ran, it’s clear why, because during the astrakhan uprising, the famous astrakhan uprising, yes, bloody, they wrote tearful letters to the don cossacks so that they would support them, that in these letters? yes, there are, so to speak, complaints about hardships, some kind of service there, whatnot, but first of all, the humiliation of human dignity, why they are forced to go to church in a foreign costume, why these same beards are unfortunate, and so on, there something like that, they force tobacco, it’s generally hard to imagine now, but in russia she didn’t smoke, she didn’t smoke, they tore her nose for smoking

before peter, yes, but here, it means they’re forced to smoke, so without this it was possible to convert, russia peter is, in fact, on the verge of the possibility of becoming a dependent country, yes, the history that eventually overtook poland, three divisions no. poland, the ottoman empire, the sick man of europe in the 19th century, who bullies everyone and who, miraculously, in fact, to a large extent, miraculously, thanks also to ataturk at the beginning of the 20th century, it retained its very sovereignty, which is where everything was heading, persia , which extricated itself, simply squeezed out everything it could from its own inhabitants, china, which in the end also turned into a torn on parts of the state and, which was recovering throughout the 20th century, in the end after the great wars, this story awaited russia, right? breaking out of this addiction was painful, and the price is high, 12 million people in the country, approximately half a million loss, this is

a gigantic figure, but that’s just one thing a small remark about the vital necessity of peter's reforms, uh, well , history in general loves paradoxes, jokes like that and so on, later peter became very friendly with leibniz, a well-known figure. but he’s there, i don’t even know what to call him, he was everything , he’s also such an encyclopedic person, everything and a philosopher, everything, there’s a lot of everything, there, if you list it, you’ll be tortured there, so, then they became friends, corresponded , when peter was in europe, they traveled there together, and so, before peter appeared, leibnets came up with a peaceful plan for europe.

so that they would not fight or fight with each other, he came up with a plan, dividing spheres of influence outside of europe, where the spaniards had to naturally sail to south america there and conquer something there, the french to africa, and the swedes were destined for russian land, so he simply thought of everything, he was the wisest man, yes, but one thing ... he did not foresee the birth of peter the great, so let’s not reduce those opportunities to peter alone, yes, because the country had potential, yes, potential , huge, managed to use it, your teska solovyov is a significant historian, he wrote that russia was ready, was waiting for the leader, the leader appeared and russia stepped forward, if

we talk about failures, of course, russia was a naval power, russia became a land power with a fleet, but a sea one power, and this is a very difficult question, it ’s peter’s heirs who are to blame, there weren’t enough resources, but the fact remains that in russia there are incentives for development, call a spade a spade, let’s. the relationship at that time was not yet enough, yes, some worked, some didn’t it worked out, and there was a price for it, for all these reforms, of course, you’re right, but a huge amount was simply paid, it was a historical podcast russia and the west on the swing of history, pyotr romanov and sergei solov were with you, study history with us, without modern history cannot be understood, all episodes of the russian west podcast on the swing of history can

be viewed on the first website. channel 1tv.ru. this is an easy money podcast, my host is mikhail khanov, and today our topic is women in investments, and today our guest is the senior vice president, director of external relations bank, vera aleksandrovna podguzova. hello, let's start with the most important thing. do you believe gender exists in investing? well, gender probably exists relatively in investments; investments are still such a general concept for both men and women. well, the approach to these very investments is different for different genders, well, probably in accordance with such psychological, probably some kind of fundamentals , how we differ between men and women, well , the main behavioral one, you know, how i really like to give an example, but not nothing has changed in 10,000 years on our

planet earth, imagine a tribe of, i don’t know, neanderthians, sitting in the evening , having dinner on a fire, darkness, females, males, cubs, suddenly strange sounds are heard, creepy, yes, someone is roaring, what are the men doing, the men get up, they say, well, now we’ll figure out what’s roaring there, and they go , well, half of them die, because there are some vilaceraptors, there are also tougher dinosaurs, what females do it, and back then, even at the dawn of civilization, they do exactly what humanity saved as a species, because they take the cubs in an armful and move away in the opposite direction from the sound, so... this is applicable now to investments, that is, to what extent the level of risk perception has remained since those prehistoric times, well, naturally, that men, they are more courageous in their decisions, make these decisions more quickly, at some moments they are less thoughtful than women, but at the same time they invest much more money, and therefore they relate more to this type of investment

this type of investment is risky, women are more conservative, they try to save their... think about it, so probably the volume of the same money that women and men send is completely different, men can send a larger amount, women less, but the profitability is like as a rule, women also have a lower return on their investment product than men, but at the same time they earn more often and the risk of investments is much lower, and the period, here is a very important indicator in investments, such as the period of investments... who has it more in men or women in women, of course, because women count on longer-term investments, they understand why they do this, why they need to essentially save up money to earn money there for the education of a child or for some medical purposes , maybe for repairs, for the purchase of something large, for example, what were your first investments? yes, probably

the deposit, the very first one, but it is still the most popular among the population, these are deposits, yeah. well, i know that your bank, together with the scientific research financial institute of the ministry of finance, has developed a new index of savings investment activity of citizens, yes, because today we are increasingly reading that almost officials fall for some kind of fraudulent schemes, and not to mention ordinary citizens, the question is financial literacy and financial activity , this is the level at which it is now in russia, this is how you could characterize it, well, our research shows that now... a little less than half of the population, that is, about 48% is so, as it were, more investment-oriented less savvy, but in terms of simply informing about investments, then these percentages are divided into several more categories, those who actively invest and the smallest percentage component is approximately 8%. well, it continues to increase depending on the deposits. well, approximately

what percentage of the active population of the country can be called financially literate, yeah. this is someone who, well, let’s put it this way, will immediately name the bet on the deposit and will not fall for some elementary tricks of scammers, realizing that free cheese can only be found in a trap, essentially somewhere 17%, i would highlight this, because again, i repeat , they are different investment products, some trust themselves, some banks, some brokers, some financial companies and others, and of course, the simplest... i’m talking here about a wide range, the simplest investment products, they are probably the most popular , we consider bank fees, yes, well, essentially we do, because this is not quite an investment product, so let’s say, yes, if we look at the terminology in depth , but in our case, in the case of the russians, probably yes

this can be attributed to an investment product, because the public’s trust is understanding, the main thing is understanding of investments, but also in terms of investments, or, for example, not... and when did this transition begin to the fact that we generally started talking about women as investors , that is, when the trend began that women began to actively watch. let’s just say, not trusting their men, but they also began to get up to look, what’s growling there and it can’t be used for meat either, or at least i don’t know where to put an atom on peaceful service to the family, probably women as investors, they were, well, in fact, investment in general always began to develop, when a man came home, the wife asked where the money was, took the entire salary, yes, in fact, this was the investment, and one could say so, well, you know, i can say that we had several guests. but this is the basics, in fact, before you start investing, you start with something, at least start managing a family budget, that’s where, well,

in almost 90% of cases, they start with this women are engaged, so i repeat, that’s when this shift happened, that is, when in the nineties and zeros, when women felt that they needed to seize the palm, probably at the end ' the crisis influenced or that of course crises influence women who feel more clearly these are some economic shifts, crises and they are trying to save the family income, so of course this has a very strong impact, men somehow get their bearings later, which is why , by the way, there is now such a trend towards the growth of women in councils directors, because that's what they are. such a conservative approach, a restraining factor to some extent, and at the same time the analysis probably makes its own contribution, just well, here i will support you, i myself am an independent director in quite large companies, he

has a lot of experience, and i can say , that in russia, unlike the whole world, where this is introduced forcibly, you know, how it should be like this, and there on the basis of gender, and so in russia , women really very often are, and, well, if not chairmen, then how right. deputy chairman of the board of directors, why? because she introduces that very healthy conservatism, yes, when a man says: let’s go have a look, and a woman says, we won’t go anywhere, we don’t have money, yes, to go there to look, but let’s take a risk, no, don’t, such an approach, he did not say respect and acceptance from the shareholders , yes, who naturally, with much more peace of mind, will leave the company to such a board of directors, where there is, well, let’s say, a real brake, but there is an understandable brake, understandable. because i said so, the portfolio in terms of profitability, if

we talk about that, you have already mentioned that, as a rule, women’s portfolios have lower returns, these figures can be named, there are some figures, the average return of women’s and men’s portfolios , right here, well, the difference is somewhere around 3-5%, if? in terms of profitability, well, to be mistaken, that is, those men who lost everything , these are those who remained, who is who who has yes, who survived, who received some kind of their final investment, received some kind of profitability, that if we add up unequal investments with those who died in the battle, then i think that the profitability of women will be significantly higher, well, i wouldn’t say so, because again, women simply invest less due to the fact that they earn less by 27%. if you compare the profession or specialty of a man and a woman, for some reason this is the trend. but tell me, there are some studies that show how much more often men deviate from an investment strategy than women, that

is, how much more women, well, i can’t to say they are stubborn, but let’s say they are consistent in executing their strategy and to what extent they go to the end, rather than men who change, give up, something else, there is this kind of research data, well , i think it’s generally in percentage terms , about 20%, because the difference between women and men investing in our country is approximately the same, and of course, these are basically the largest cities, and also an interesting fact, by the way, they invest where, in any products, i start from real estate investments , the world is very interesting, we true, this year no, such a study was not carried out, but according to data from just last year, why did we even begin to actively engage in this topic, because we analyzed our history and looked at the world in general, it turned out that russian women are ahead of almost the entire planet and are the first

spanish women, by the way, take a place , and then russian women come, but the only thing, again, i repeat, these are only large cities, and what is this temperament? i think that in fact it is a historical factor that, firstly, russian women have become more and more. and try to open some new products for family income and savings, this is the first point, the second point is unimportant, it’s just a search. income, i think this is related to this, well, plus, after all, our internet community is quite wide and no matter what anyone says, and the availability of the internet in the country is quite high, and apparently this is the moment it also plays a role, however, however, if we talk about financial literacy and just about the mentality that you touched upon, this is precisely what is a stop fact in principle for investments

in the country, out of ignorance. we film all sorts of video tutorials and actually somehow try to expand the awareness of our clients, in principle russians , which is why we gradually and gradually crept up on the topic of women's investments, as far as i know , no one is doing this, the topic is very interesting because, as i already said, the profitability of women is compared with a man below, in the regions this is really a very good help for the female population, to increase their income, and also, as you know, investing and investment growth is of course, support for regional economies. if you want to know more about investments, about financial literacy , about how financial life works in our country, look for the episode of the easy money podcast on the website:

channel one 1tv.ru, this is the easy money podcast, and today we are discussing the topic of women in investments . at one time, when i was thinking about this topic, and when they also analyzed the audience, i think that initially, perhaps two factors led to the fact that women began to actually think, think about investments, but firstly, this wars, yes which our country has experienced, this is both the civil war and the great patriotic war, when a huge number of women actually bore all this burden on their shoulders, when all the men went to the front, the same thing during crises, yes, which periodically shock, but well, even in the modern history of russia, this is the ninety-eighth year and 2000 is the eighth year there, i don’t take into account the liquidity crisis there, god bless them there is the fourteenth and covid, all the time it turns out that men go to work, but the woman answers, then there is no time for a man to be distracted, that is, his task is to thresh at the coal face, but there is... what is called coal, and then

the woman begins to distribute, and in fact, she is involved, and the actual question is this, regarding the difference in the portfolio, let’s let's get down to specifics a little bit, when we talk about women in investments, let's say we don't take deposits, yes, that 's just according to statistics, what women investors pay attention to, well, of course, this is a blue chip stock, that is, this is what which is more predictable, yes, this is more difficult, although this is quite popular, but now, well, apparently there is not enough knowledge, all the same, to the end, and if federal bonds, or rather, they enjoy the trust of the population, then if you are talking about some companies, that is not not state-owned, but some, it’s more difficult here, this is the very last place now, because more analysis is needed , because blue chips are rumored, but here

they are needed, yes, i also lack patience, not only is there a lack of knowledge, actually knowledge not enough and how much we talked at all with women, a very large percentage that is invested in real estate in general among russians, including among us, real estate is our sore russian issue, yes, that there should be an apartment for all children, too , an apartment, there is no better place, you know, as you know, there is the saying is, the best cheese is sausage, so with us, the best investment is to buy an apartment, and a woman. i want to say, i don’t know, about men, yes, here i can assume that, after all, this kind of long-suffering is greater among us, among the female population likes to invest in real estate precisely from the point of view of resale, i know one woman, who is actually a businessman, began her investment activity precisely by buying an apartment, resale, like this gradually, gradually, that is, in principle, she did not buy real estate for her child , not for yourself, just to increase profitability. here

the state also pushes long-termism with taxation, yes, that is, for 3 years no one canceled the periods that must be endured in order not to pay tax on what you receive, well the house still needs to be built, but this is how we even speak, that is, we speak at the construction stage, there was such a situation, although i believe that the portfolio should still be mixed and different tools should be used, well, i understand correctly, that a woman is actually such an example of a classic conservative investor, headless horsemen and others like that we also met, it’s very interesting to communicate with them, who just like headless horsemen will have to be remembered, very well, who invest their funds in some such

risky operations, but as a rule, they still, firstly, limit the budget, and well, it’s still a more conservative approach, that is, a man can take more risks, buy some shares, something else. we started talking about the topic of financial literacy, touched on it a little, well, actually there are two questions, yes, how effective do you think programs for improving financial literacy are online programs, and in general, in general, if you know such programs, what is the state doing now, well or private companies in this direction to what extent, that is, specifically , what is the work going on to improve the financial literacy of the population, what do you know about such programs, i know various... and relatively speaking, they produce collections, distribute this and some videos online , the stories that are released, but this is of course, these are not one-time things, this program in the ministry of finance has existed for quite a long time, and is developing, the central bank has long been

engaged in increasing the financial literacy of the population, as regards women's investment, probably, we are the only ones working in this particular context, but here we also have a very good partner... so, as you already mentioned, nafi, the ministry of finance, and a private research institute, and there is such a eurasian women's forum, we will take advice, in fact, where did it come from, including the idea of ​​increasing the literacy of the female population in terms of investments, that’s what we called our project, women’s leadership in investments, we actually launched a portal, which i think is already working successfully, almost 2 years there with a personal account with really experts high level, these are brokers, these are some people who actually deal with finance, and bank employees, and specialized departments who tell

the population, well, the emphasis is clearly on women, and in order to attract attention, but in essence these tools are all - training courses, they are designed for women and men. therefore, such a portal is working for us more and more, we have more participants, that is, there is interest on the part of people, and moreover, as part of our research, we the last one, which we conducted together with nafi, nafe - scientific-isradsky financial institution, yes, yes, that in the next year about 17% of russians definitely want, those who have not invested want to try to make it, investments are also additionally connected and are not satisfied with the profitability by deposits? i think that it’s not true, firstly, they began to learn more, this is primarily connected with this, precisely that same financial literacy, awareness rather in this case, excuse me, i

’ll interrupt you, that we hear this advertisement, yes double your funds, triple, and having received the initial information that this is doubling, tripling, then the person comes there, well, to the bank, looks, okay, now the central bank has raised the rate, and our deposits there go at 11, at 12%, even though this more than ten, right? then the person says, well, okay, where are my promised 100, yes, no, let’s do something else, and this, on the contrary, plays a bad, cruel joke with the fact that game advertising, many financial organizations promote their projects there, promising mountains of gold and actually pushing the population into the information clutches scammers, there is truth in your words, of course, these are the conditional methods of awareness, rather, attracting attention to one’s own, i don’t know, to one’s own. but answering your question, why was there such an investment boom in the first place, well, first of all, it just happened that way, these are our last