[000:00:00;00] uh, the options for returning to the airport of departure were already simply reckless at low speed, you could simply fall off during a roll, so all that remained was, as they teach in school, landing in front of you, yeah, that is, without any maneuvers, that is, even more so, you know, during maneuvers the lift drops, the speed can drop, that is , the plane can simply fall into something that you simply can’t get out of it, and without landing, thank god, without landing gear, and the landing gear was in the process cleaning and now i think that this is it the intermediate position of the landing gear, that is, they did not lock us into the retracted position, that is, they were almost retracted, this half-retracted position, it seems to me that they somehow even softened it a little for us, that is, we did not sit on the engines themselves, that is to say, the engine is the rear part of the vault, that is, just like that at the seat, there was a hard blow, of course , the length of this, well, if you can call it that , the run was somewhere around 300 m, that is, there was a sharp braking, the passengers and crew experienced

overloads , if for example, an airplane with with such a mass, landing on a regular runway takes about one and a half kilometers, the length of the run, and in normal mode with the landing gear extended, here is 300 m, imagine how short it was, how it was on the belts, that is, the belts saved us, the second did not warn the passenger, but also did not warn, that is, he looked at the instrument readings, that is, he was in radio communication, at the initial stage, that is, everything happened very quickly, that is, it was very like this , you know, takeoff to landing, how much time passed? 93 seconds, everything is very fast, we sat down, everything went away, went away for a moment, that is, it was very noisy during the flight, yes, and after landing, when the plane stopped, the engines were turned off, there was silence, literally 5-10 seconds, just such deathly silence, and after that, we heard that women in the salon began to scream and some

sounds. screams, that was it, and it brought us to our senses a little, we, of course , followed certain procedures, the dispatcher called us, we were called by the dispatcher, who lost us on his radar or even visually, that is, when we reported, we talked to dispatcher, the last communication session we had was that we were asking for a reverse approach, and he gave us permission, and then he asked, middle 178, this is our call sign, report your situation, we said that we landed behind the runway , we ask for emergency services, rescue services, he answered us, you know what, he says, okay, we will provide upon arrival, that is, he really lost us, i say that we have already landed, we have already landed, but during the period of radio communication to senior arborist dmitry runs in and says before the world evacuates, i say yes, and thank god that the flight attendants also undergo training on their simulators, literally for a minute and a half, that is, they opened the doors

, released ... inflatable ladders, evacuated passengers, through eight doors, four on the left, four on the right, for a minute and a half he runs in, says, yes, the whole world was evacuated, i say, themselves, he says, yes, their own, that is , they themselves, did not have to carry anyone away, it was some kind of second satisfaction that the people were all alive and well and were able to leave the plane on their own, there was no panic there was no panic it was, for this we also thank the passengers for behaving with dignity, and our flight attendants also took the lead and said that leave all the manual stuff on the plane, that is , the very first thing is precisely... saving lives, that is, so that people quickly evacuate. in fact, this day was generally a day of luck, a day of miracle, because we were able to jump over a ditch, a vegetation channel, 10 m wide. and, uh, the moment of the first landing, this platform, it was higher, was located than the moment second landing, that is us they jumped back, jumped over, and then several times, two or three times, he jumped and yes, he jumped and then stopped, well, thank god,

there was no fire, there was no fire, yes. and there was a little smoke in the right engine, because the pipelines had failed, there was some kind of smoke , but fortunately there was no fire, then the fire services arrived and foamed it all up so that it wouldn’t be like full tanks, yes, full tanks, well happy is your god, glory to the almighty, it’s just not, but the most amazing thing is that there was no panic in the cabin, because the passengers were not they knew what was happening, but the passengers didn’t know, i talked to them later... i looked at the video, the birds flashed by in a second, that is, at such a speed, this flock of seagulls, it flew by in half a second, over the left wing on the right wing, that is, no one noticed them, this popping noise that happened was also not heard , but people heard that this vibration started, the blinking of light bulbs, because we have power supply, the lighting of the aircraft is powered by the operation of the engines, the engines

were working unstable and the lights were blinking in the cabin, there was this shaking... those who were sitting at the window saw these wisps of smoke, a surge, this flame was escaping, some saw it, but since the plane was long, 45 m, and everyone behaved differently, that is some saw, some didn’t, some were already asleep, it was still a morning flight , some put on their slippers, and some listened, got scared, held hands, some prayed, some even didn’t understand anything, but most people understood that something was wrong, that’s the moment of impact, of course, and the ground was a big surprise for everyone, even for ours flight attendants who didn’t know about this, and such a case, you know, here is the sun in the rows of corn, but we have an association that corn, everything is how this phrase was born , you want, i can tell you when the landing took place, and it was early in the morning, the sun had just risen, but can you imagine, a field of corn, 3 m high, the plane was standing still, there was nothing else, when the passengers

evacuated from the plane, as i say, poured out of the plane, that’s all, they began to get a little lost, they were family people there through different different doors, children, adults they started shouting there, masha, dad, mom, it was all there, of course, they started to get lost, they didn’t know where to go, they didn’t know where to go , because it was high, now you can even see it, the corn is high, you can’t see where the road is at all , where is what, and dmitry, dmitry evliysky, the eldest was the conductor, through the open door he directed them, they say where, where, he says, go to the sun, to the right along the rows of corn, that is, the only thing the passengers saw was the sun and corn , that’s how this phrase was born, and he oriented them, they went on the road, how many did the debriefing continue afterwards? of all this, almost immediately we gave explanations, an investigation was ordered, the preliminary report was ready somewhere in about - literally a month, the final report was also ready about two years later, but published later, that is, because there

there were a lot of examinations and there was a report of about 300 pages, it was clear, the reason was immediately clear , probably because it was clear from the destruction of the engine what happened, of course, here and i would also like to say for... of course were this information and the fact that upon the output of the reverse, yes, for example, there, which was also a little misleading, but in principle the protection at the angles of attack worked, that is, it did not allow the plane to stall, that is, it maintained the minimum speed that was required to continue the flight, so that the plane did not simply fall into a tailspin, that is, at this minimum speed we were flying, that is, here i would also like to say words of support for the plane, and visually good weather, can you imagine if there was fog, for example, yes, poor visibility, it would have been much more difficult, side wind, side wind, well, the field itself, that the field was below us, no buildings there, that is, that was also lucky, well, of course, glory to the almighty,

that’s it so, well, we sat at the helm, this also cannot be removed, that is , after so many years, i returned to that flight a lot, that is, when it happened, yes, it was still very difficult, it’s hard, that’s when it happened, that’s the first... day, then the first 3 days there i didn’t sleep well and fortunately i didn’t have any dreams, but i constantly returned to that flight, what would i change, what actions , maybe i would change, yes, after four years had already passed, having returned back, i would not have changed any of my actions, that is, i would have left everything as there is, because like the butterfly effect, you change one thing, some action, even some small roll or pitch, there you pressed the pedal a little, that is, it was all perfect. so that , you see, the plane is standing there, that is, it is practically intact, that is, the most important thing, the whole plane and entire passengers are alive, this once again shows how important this muscle memory is, how much practice over all these years has made it possible to almost

reflexively control the car, because everything happened instantly, you weren’t aware of what you were doing, your hands , the legs walked on their own, so yes, these movements were already on a subconscious level, that is, everything that was laid down on the simulator was in muscle memory, as you say, yes, this muscle memory had already worked, i called home, and of course, called, but not from my phone i took the phones from georgy, the co-pilot, because both of my phones were scattered throughout the cabin, i couldn’t find them, although they say that the landing was soft, but corn, but nevertheless, the overload was so significant, all the loose objects, they it’s just that i had my phone, right here, next to each other, here are the pockets, then i somehow managed to find them, my wife called. he said that now they will show it on tv, perhaps the most important thing is, don’t worry, we sat in a field, everyone is alive and well, that’s the main first phrase, so that she doesn’t get into trouble, there’s no talk at home, stop flying, well, my wife didn’t ask the question point blank, because this is my dream since

childhood, i’ve been working towards this for a long time, i had a very rocky path to aviation, it’s okay to live without it it’s impossible, without this, yes, aviation is very addictive, already in flights, now in flights, yes, eh. after that incident, i didn’t fly for a month, that is, i had a break of about a month, that is , we had a rehabilitation vacation for literally 10 days, then i passed a medical examination by a psychologist. to flights with command the instructor staff, that is, i flew on the left, on the right sat the commanding officers, instructors who checked moral and professional qualities, that is , what if something broke in me or maybe i got scared somewhere or maybe something else happened, fortunately , that is, these checks have been successfully completed, you have already been cleared for regular regular flights with co-pilots, you work for the same airline all the time, but how many planes are there now? it's not a secret? and not the secret of 52 aircraft, everything is fine, everything

is fine, yes, except for the last one case, an extreme case that happened quite recently, i don’t want to talk about it, it’s just worth mentioning that the guys also worked brilliantly, we need to understand why they made such a decision, well, let the commission sort it out, but nevertheless, you also agree, everyone is alive, and this is the most important result of what they did, everyone is alive, not only is the plane intact and there is a question about its preservation. yes, someone said that they even wanted to wait for the field to become icy in order to roll it out on the ice, god willing, this is one of options, getting him out of there, we hope that it will still work out, but they were also incredibly lucky, with their landing gears out on the field, god forbid that a little bit of dirt, a little bit of mud, a little bit of failure, a little bit of a hole, everything would have been ruined, yes, that is, it was an ideal landing, again the miracle is that the novosibirsk region is a taiga, a swamp, how did they find this one...

a flat area, a flat area, that in general they practically landed with such an overload that some pilots even land on the runway , can you imagine what they sat down on the field with? how smoothly they landed, well, the cabin crew worked very easily there , yes, they did a great job, of course, they worked very quickly, evacuated, and if on our flight the flight attendants encountered this after landing, then here is the credit... to the crew the cockpit and the pilots don’t get scared either, yes, when you realize that you have to land in a field, they already did it consciously, they were already specifically looking for a site from the air, as you know, earlier on andva there was an exercise for small aviation to select a site from the air , that is, the crew flew, inspected the site from different courses, flew, watched and landed, well, he2 , he plans, and even pararoutes , of course, he does whatever he wants, but the guys, it was not for nothing that they started talking about the cockpit stage, because the girls were leading themselves... amazing, no panic, and they didn’t allow panic in

the cabin, yes, i wanted to add that they did it consciously, the hog attendants, when they learned the information that an emergency landing of the off-site was coming, and i talked with the senior hog attendant, and she understood everything almost immediately training, like their colleagues in the marine corps, so that they, too, would not get confused, not shy away, and work on preparation, that is, it was necessary to transfer from emergency places people who could get confused, not open the inflatable ladders, yes, that is, you know, there are emergency ones seats, that is, they seated more mobile people, more prepared, gave instructions, read all this, and the passengers were ready, instructed, yes, they seated the men at the emergency exits, in order, firstly, to prevent panic, and secondly, to help, well done , just well done, but they still had more time, and judging by the negotiations that i heard, they offered different variations several times and

even offered different echelons in altitude, they made their decision, somehow consciously, but from the moment of the incident to the moment of landing, they had time to realize what was happening, not these 90 seconds , of course, yes, so the cabin crew, of course, just heroically well done, they worked very well, and most importantly, everyone is alive and well, i think that’s all -we need to stop calling people aerophobia, we need to talk endlessly about what happens, the crew will save us, people write to me on social networks, too, how to overcome aerophobia, we are afraid to fly, i say short phrases like, look, firstly, the planes are all reliable, the plane has many redundancy systems, and which systems back up each other, and if there is a failure there is a second, third system, yes, but in general the plane itself is a reliable technology, not a single technician will ever release a faulty plane. on a flight and we pilots are not

kamikazes either, until the plane is ready, until will not be operational, we of course will not fly on it, this is the first thing, the plane is reliable, the second thing is that the pilots and flight attendants are trained, that is, we go through a thorny path and theoretical training and simulator training in flight conditions are tested on us, therefore the planes are reliable, the pilots are professionals in their field, so when entering the plane i say, trust the crew, relax and enjoy the flight. we continue on the air of the first channel podcast everyone wants to fly, we talk about emergency situations with a first class pilot hero of russia, damiromov. all episodes of everyone's podcast. fly off, you can always look at 1tv.ru, but i also want to touch on one topic that has been discussed for quite a long time, and i am asked these questions, and in general, everyone i meet from the flight crew, all this question, as they say, goes through

, why don’t they land on autopilot, because you can land, turn on the autopilot, it will land on its own, turn on the platform itself and turn off the engines itself, of course, with the development of aviation, the level of automation increases, and airfields are being built, but where... you can perform an automatic landing, well, an automatic take-off is still in progress, in my opinion, only tests are underway, yes, that is, the crews , as a rule , taxiing is carried out by the crew, the take-off is carried out by a crew, after take-off the autopilot is usually turned on and before landing, then there is an autopilot that controls it, in order to relieve the crew, relieve the workload, in the autopilot we perform an automatic landing, usually in bad weather in fog, when it is simply impossible to perform it by hand, it is prohibited according to the document. there we already go by category there must, again, be a special prepared airfield that has the necessary equipment, the plane must be ready, that is, it must be ready, equipped with this landing system, so the plane must be in good working order in order to perform this landing, but as a rule

in good weather it would be very boring if the pilot was landing on autopilot, we don’t fly much anyway now, so of course it’s more interesting to land the plane yourself, but anyway, besides, you need to, what ’s called, save the crew, because what someone says that soon we will have only one pilot in the cockpit due to the economy mode , this is bad, because even two people on a long shoulder, at a distance of 9-12 hours of flight, the moment of communication, purely psychologically, unloads great, but if one remains, yes, i agree, yes, there used to be polynomial ones. commander, co-pilot, navigator, flight engineer, flight technician, and then , of course, the level of automation was lower; everything, of course, depended more on people, now instead of a flight engineer, we have an on-board computer, which monitors all systems, there are sensors, you open there the air intake system, engines, fuel system, hydraulics and so on, that is, all this is visible in the light,

instead of the navigator we have a tamercial gps system, a navigation display that calculates all this, yes, that is, everything is practically loaded. for two pilots, yes, the level of automation is high, but in the event of a failure our workload increases so much, yes, that is, we must know all this, know everything about these systems, know these failures and must be able to deal with to cope with them, and of course, when there is a multi-member crew, there is also decision-making here, that is, there are a lot of people there, some opinions to be consulted, maybe there, but what if there is one person in the cockpit, and how about they just want to go to the toilet or something there, yes, for example, or there is such a thing as in english kroschek, we must check each other, we are people, we can make mistakes, no one is safe from mistakes, in flight, for example, if one pilot does something not so, or maybe, well, a night flight, a night flight effect, the person didn’t get enough sleep or something else, some actions are done wrong, the second pilot carefully corrects him, well, that’s right , that’s why one is called piloting, the second

is called monitoring, the second is monitoring, and even then such mistakes happen, they are corrected in time, everything is fine , imagine, if a person is in some kind of situation, a complicated situation, bad weather or , god forbid, some kind of failure, there can be such, you know, irreversible consequences, therefore - i am against there being one pilot and so moreover, so that all this would be automatic in general, that is, i am against it, i think that it will not come to this, an indiscreet question, perhaps, that was asked 100 times, when suddenly the information came that you were awarded a hero star, it was unexpected , and this was unexpected, it was for... a day , not only had i not yet recovered from what happened yesterday, from this landing, yes, very much, i didn’t get enough sleep, i was very tired, and people started writing heroes , congratulations heroes, i couldn’t understand what it was all at once they started congratulating me, then they simply sent me a decree for the award, it was very , of course, unusual, very unexpected,

because all of us people of the soviet generation were brought up on the same cartoons, textbooks, films of the great patriotic war, and for me heroes are heroes, who... great patriotic war heroes, polar explorers, and for me, the hero of the soviet union or the heroes of russia are such unattainable people, unattainable stars, that when i was awarded, i somehow even felt awkward, that i just said that i did my job, i did my job, did my job, the most important thing is that everyone is alive, the most important thing, the most important thing, yes, thank you, rekavich, that’s actually what we talked about today, everything on the podcast they want to fly, i’m three times older than him, without any attraction, without any embarrassment, just, thank you very much. for the passengers, thank you, it’s a pleasure , all the best, see you next time, there was a podcast on the air, everyone wants to fly on

channel one, hello, this is the schlödinger’s cat podcast, and i... presenter grigory tarasevich, editor-in-chief of the popular science magazine schrödenger's cat. and we simply talk about complex scientific things, on the other hand, we talk scientifically about very simple things. and today we will talk about a seemingly simple thing like plastic. it is everywhere in furniture, in bags, in packaging, everywhere, but is it safe, is it good, or vice versa, is it so scary, we have two guests, one guest is an artist, julia che,

hello, another guest crane academy, alexey removich khakhlov, head of department msu, a scientist who works, among other things, with polymers and knows well about plastic from the inside at the molecular level , hello, hello, and my first question is a little philosophical, plastic is good, the polymer industry began to develop about 100 years ago, over these 100 years , the objects surrounding us, they have changed beyond recognition, if before it was all mostly wood, well, some metals and so on, now almost most of the objects that surround us are made of polymer, plastic or rubber, well, in general, these are also polymer... and of course, modern life cannot be imagined without plastic products, so this is good,

but there is a threat from plastic, there is a threat, because the threat is connected with the fact that in these 100 years it has become so fast the polymer industry has developed, which creates corresponding waste, plastic, ordinary polyethylene, polypropylene, these are ordinary plastics, they decompose very... slowly, so truly garbage ones appear, even islands in the ocean, about which there are many they say, and this is a really big problem, because there is pollution , including pollution of the water environment, and of course , this is a problem in this sense, and it needs to be addressed. before i ask yulia’s question, i want to draw attention to these art objects, which you probably see on the screen now, they were created by yulia che and created from plastic, which we, alas, are accustomed to throwing away, yulia, you

create your works from plastic, how do you feel about plastic, does it not seem somehow hostile, lifeless to you, no, of course i i love plastic, it’s my favorite material, i love it, it’s within my control, and for the last 6 years, it’s been me who’s been making working with plastic a priority. actually, since 2013, i have been closely engaged in design on the principle of upcycling - this is the reuse of old things, initially it was old jewelry, old clothes, even dishes that were already out of order, i created clothes, accessories, art objects from these of things. and one day, accordingly, my friend, a photographer who is not indifferent to

the problem of ecology, asks me, julia, are you i wouldn’t like to make clothes and hats out of plastic, out of used materials, out of garbage, out of garbage, yes, somehow this word “garbage ” is a little scary for me, so i read more, she says, and we can later.. . shooting on the topic of ecology, so that the viewer would pay attention to the problem of sorting plastic waste, so i thought and decided, why not, and since then, of course, i have made clothes and accessories, we have done more than one shooting, and in the process i i realized that this is such interesting material that and it is subject to me, it’s just that now i get great... pleasure for me, even my friends are already interested, friends, girlfriends, some acquaintances are already gathering in my

plastic as they accumulate it for me... they give it, i now have a question for look, both of you, while i was walking, i found several plastic bags in my pocket, yeah, those classic ones, probably plastic, and bags that the industry produces in the millions, billions, well, i ’ll put something in them, maybe i’ll i’ll buy one, put it there or use it for garbage, and which one their fate will be further, here is alexey ramovich, what will happen to him with this bag? most likely, this bag will eventually end up in a landfill, what should the landfill do with it, for which, it must be buried in the ground, so to speak, and it will gradually decompose, in principle, despite the fact that decomposition time, it very large, but nevertheless, it is there, it is, of course, well, it will gradually become crushed, become,

these are the particles of polyethylene from which this is made... it becomes smaller and smaller, part of these particles, groundwater will be washed into rivers and then into the ocean, this is true, but how many years will it take , these are hundreds of years, hundreds of years, that is, we have not yet realized, that is, since the polymer industry began to develop 100 years ago, we so to speak, the full scale of the problems have not yet been realized, that is, in 500 years this bag will end up in the pacific... ocean, well, in pieces, yes, yes, yes, particles from this bag, some will end up, well, in the quiet, well in some ocean, it will gradually creep across all the oceans, after all you can somehow recycle it, recycle it in order to reuse it, well , polyethylene does not lend itself very well to such recycling, but let’s say polyethylene,

which is what bottles are called from. plastic, it’s completely recyclable, well, it can be recycled up to ten times, that’s why even in moscow there are special containers where these bottles can be put, and rephtholate polytape can be recycled, and there’s no problem if i’m carrying a bottle , or you need to tear it off label, wash off the glue, well, preferably, so to speak, remove the lid, because the lid is made of polyethylene. and that is, these are different substances, and that is why they collect the bottles separately, but it is done there even if you just throw it away, they will already do it at a factory where they produce secondary polytylene terephtholate , and this is a valuable raw material, because polytylene terephtholate can be recycled many times, in general, in principle , polymer is a valuable energy raw material, among other things,

which is why there are waste incineration plants, which produce electricity as a result of... burning plastic waste, now there are catalysts that practically lead to the fact that the environment is not polluted, that is, in reality , look, the situation is this, the life cycle of a polymer material, any such that it ultimately in the end it will either end up in a landfill, or it will end up in a waste incineration plant, or , unfortunately, as it is... this is what is done in many countries, just a truck will dump all the garbage into the ocean, instead of bringing it in landfill, it is precisely because of this that such huge garbage islands arise in the ocean, all this recycling , waste sorting, it can only delay a little, and then so to speak, in

a limited quantity, the moment when the polymer ends up in a landfill , either in a waste incineration plant or in the ocean, that is, if i throw it into a fire, it won’t be very good, because there is a lot of harmful emissions even from a small bag, of course, of course, this must be done at a special incineration plant, where there are special catalysts, and now garbage plants in russia allow you to burn this bag, get energy and not pollute the air, yes, of course, well, we bought quite a lot of garbage plants in europe, so... it’s more expensive, because electricity is cheaper, it’s supplied by burning garbage, the surrounding houses are supplied with this energy, then until recently, let’s say, the scandinavian countries simply bought plastic waste from russia, even so, yes, so, in

principle, well, we built waste incineration plants that. .. they work quite well and don’t throw anything into the air, well, they do, but the minimum amount, well, the minimum, is how dangerous, not dangerous, no, well, i ’m telling you, right here in the center? no one is protesting, yulia, now i have a question for you , look, it’s an ordinary white bag, i’ll rustle a little so that the audience and listeners can feel, this is a familiar sound, does it inspire you as an artist to do something? of course, it’s inspiring , i can’t say right away that i see a package in your hands, i know what i’ll make of it, no, i have the principle is completely different, i have several containers at home, where i sort, for example, one container means bottles, the second container means bags, the third container means toys, and

when the moment comes, let’s say inspiration, i want what - to make something from what i have accumulated, i lay out these things, and in front of me i’m already looking at the bag, what it will go beautifully with, with some... bottle there, yellow, blue, black, gold , there, then, then i already, even i don’t know what i will have, in the process of this, how collaging already gives birth to some kind of silhouette, some kind of object, in fact, i need all this and it will come in handy later, that is, the package itself is not a symbol, rather in some context, right? yes, more like that. you're watching the podcast schrödinger's cat, and today we're talking about plastic, everything seems great, you can get energy, which is always in short supply, you can recycle it, you can

create such beautiful art objects, why are people so concerned about plastic, i read somewhere, that they are even going to ban plastic bags, even plastic toys have already been banned somewhere, in general the fight against global warming is starting to be a problem, well, as for burning garbage - that’s so to speak, but a small share, after all, the bulk of the garbage ends up in a landfill, and why is it small share, if it is not so harmful and beneficial, it is still expensive, the catalysts are expensive , so to speak, and so yes, not so, and the plants themselves are expensive, few countries can afford it, so to speak, a well-equipped dump well, everyone can afford it, but nevertheless, most of the countries, mainly in southeast asia, they just dump all the polymer waste into the ocean and don’t care,

this is of course, it’s cheaper than making a landfill, then you have to go there to reclaim this landfill means that a fertile layer appears on top of the already frozen landfill, so that grass, trees grow there, and so on, this, so to speak, requires costs. that’s why the problem with large garbage is really important, and it really needs to be solved, but it shouldn’t be solved by ban the production of any plastic there, reduce it, and the fact that it is necessary to properly deal with plastic after its service life has ended, this is what now sometimes, well, let’s say, the european commission recently adopted, they started with ear shelves for some reason, that was the main danger, now in europe you can’t buy an ear stick, an island that is made of plastic, it is now made of

thick cardboard, i can tell you that it is much less convenient, it breaks, naturally, and the benefits of this are very small, just recently, the european commission adopted a new package. this means that they banned the so-called intentionally added plastic, for some reason intentionally added plastic, from their point of view, this is mainly added to cosmetics, there in women's, for example, glitter, for example, all glitter is already banned, plastic glitter, here they say that now there was a very big boom in europe, because just a week ago they were banned, so before that, so to speak, all the glitter was swept away, so to speak, literally, from the shelves, well, you see, that means, and at the same time, i already forgot how much, but they want

to achieve savings in about 12 years, there are 40,000, in my opinion, a ton per year, whereas, well, it’s easy to calculate that, let ’s say, simply due to wear of car tires, the annual, so to speak, formation of these microparticles of plastic - this is 6 million e ton per year, but of course, no one can touch the automobile industry, so they decided to ... play on cosmetics and children's toys, that’s how it is in general, so i thought that’s what as for plastic, this is really a very important problem, and it needs to be solved mainly by somehow prohibiting these uncontrolled discharges into the ocean, and as for microplastics, now this is a horror story that arises everywhere, microplastics, what

horror, i can tell you for sure that the harm from microplastics has not been proven at all, it is a polymer, it is quite inert, and most importantly, people say that we are not evolutionarily adapted to this, because plastic began to develop only 100 years ago back, here uh, let's say, we lived with sand for millions of years and so on, but at the same time they forget that there is no such pure plastic as such, when it gets into somewhere in the aquatic environment, various surfactants stick to it , when this plastic enters the body, the body develops an immune response not to the core of this particle, to these surfactants to which it is already accustomed, so most likely all this, so to speak, will pass through the digestive system and be excreted, and there are only isolated cases when let's say these

the particles... passed through the emissions of some chemical, say, plant with harmful substances, but they absorbed these substances on plastic, then were released in a cooperative way, say, in the stomach of a fish, this is dangerous, indeed, but this needs to be investigated, and so indiscriminately say that microplastics are harmful, that under no circumstances should you take coffee to go, because, so to speak, a huge amount of microplastics from the cup will get into it, so to speak. and so on, this will cause irreparable harm to your health, in general, i can say with authority that this is all nonsense, these are all horror stories that do not yet have a scientific basis, that is, if i put bread or an apple in this bag, this bag will not emit anything harmful, of course it will not emit anything harmful,

another thing is that this is where waste sorting is good, i have been to germany many times and, so to speak , i have seen all this from my own experience, so it is necessary to separate food, called biomun, from, so to speak, such garbage like plastic, why, because food it decomposes much faster, it’s not hundreds of years, but there, well, in a few months everything will already decompose, so it should go into the composter, so to speak, and decompose very quickly, so to speak, this separation, this food, it is justified, and of course it must be done, no, well, i mean, is it possible to eat bread after it has been sitting, and the bread can be eaten, but if i eat a small piece of the bag , it won’t do anything, you can eat it, another thing is it’s not tasty, yulia, the question is, are you afraid of plastic, well, many people advise , never store water in plastic bottles, because what plastic emits, the following is a list of substances, deadly, do not put fruits in

plastic bags, because ethylene is released, the fruits immediately begin to rot, so you are not afraid of plastic, no, gregory, i am not afraid of plastic, the only thing i would i didn’t heat something up in a bag in the microwave, by the way, when heating, what happens in the microwave, for example, no , well, you just don’t need to put it in a plastic bag , because it can melt, but if you have special dishes for the microwave, you can safely , warm it up there, yulia, here you go what do you think of polymer clothing? i see you are probably wearing synthetic shoes, something plastic on your head, yes, and you are not afraid, no, i am not afraid, i love plastic, i simply adore it, many other materials, including building materials, they are much more

harmful than plastic, what will happen to plastic, the chemical reason for this is... as an object of art, if i'm not mistaken, my manifesto is simple, it sounds like this, there is no need to make garbage out of garbage, at the same time , such artists, just like me, who they shouldn't be made of plastic either. why, well, imagine, let’s say, 10 more of the same, 20 in one city, in another, create such large installations and then exhibit them in the same art park, for example, the same as the museum, and yes, in every city there is a park, and more than one, and imagine, in one park there are 10 sculptures, 20 made from garbage, in another park there are even more, more,

more, and from the outside, every city will seem like some kind of dump, because even i this is how an artist feels when i participate in exhibitions, festivals, i do performances, and the viewer is divided into two opinions, those that , wow, this is so beautiful, it’s so impressive, and those that say, well, it’s garbage, it’s still garbage, why don’t we need this, we don’t like it, on the one hand , it’s as if we don’t need to make garbage out of garbage, but my manifesto is still such that i want...’ of course, on the positive, on the creative side, to show the viewer that there is a problem, and it needs to be solved, of course, i am for zero waste, plastic is a brilliant invention

humanity, the main thing is to learn how to properly dispose of it and recycle it correctly, then we will all be happy, but i have a question for aleksirivich, they often write it on the bags. degradable, does this mean that if i suddenly throw it out into the forest, or a bag from the store, then in a month it will dissolve, or is this a bit of a hoax? no, no , this is, of course, a little deception, usually, when they talk about biodegradable bags, of course, there are, of course, completely, so to speak, made from such natural polymers, but usually we are talking about the same polythene bags into which starch is added, that is, a biodegradable additive, since starch quickly... decomposes, then, quickly, the plastic bag is crushed to the state of microplastic, say, according to the international classification,

any object is considered microplastic, less than 5 mm in size, so, but i think that, so to speak, you will not be very happy if your forest is littered with, well, some small particles of plastic, 5 mm, so it still pollutes the environment, but that’s another matter , that sooner or later this polyethylene will also decompose, but it’s still better to take it all to a landfill, everything is equipped there, everything has the necessary modes so that in a controlled manner, so to speak, all this will gradually decompose, without causing damage to the environment. wednesday, you are watching the schrödinger's cat podcast, and today we are talking about plastic, how dangerous it is, how beautiful it is. here in my hands, i will rustle a plastic bag,

which is both a huge achievement of science and a certain threat to nature, for the environment, is it still possible to create... plastic that will simply turn into some elementary components in a foreseeable period, in a year in a month, yes, of course, they have been created, here polylactides, for example, please , so to speak, they decompose very quickly, but they are more expensive, no economy can stand it, of those polymers that you named, what are they already making from them, no, well, bags are made from polylactide, but as they say, they are not so durable , but for example, in that project, which we recently completed, this property, the fact that polylactide quickly decomposes, was used so that, therefore, there is copolycondensation of polylactide and,

therefore, a monomer that contains boric