[000:00:00;00] it is well known that the exile to mikhailovskaya, which could have turned into an indefinite exile for pushkin, but it ended, as we remember, with tsar nicholas ii wanting to meet with pushkin, and after this meeting, which took place in moscow in september 1826, the tsar said that today he spoke with the smartest man in russia and pushkin really was one, and as he imagines to me. it was with this seriousness, with this thoroughness, with this depth, that he treated his family life, and natalya nikolaevna, like no one else corresponded to the role of his wife. another thing is that in the thirties, the thirties of the 10th century, after pushkin got married, his position began to change, and in some sense not for the better, the fact is that in

the twenties... but in the period of pushkin's romanticism, during the period of ruslan and lyudmila, the same eugene onegin, poems of southern poems. pushkin seemed to coincide with his time, coincided with his society, which valued him, caressed him, lilted him, which declared him the best poet of russia and, in general, this gratitude expressed it also monetarily, so to speak, because pushkin earned quite a good living as a professional writer. in the thirties, his personal family professional situation changed dramatically, pushkin had a family, pushkin had children, yes, he was a father of many children, he had four children, plus natalya nikolaevna had a very caring sister, and her two sisters who had not come out yet she is still married, they live in her house, all this requires expenses, and she herself loves balls, she loves

beautiful clothes. and he also loves his wife, she was beautiful, all this requires very large financial expenses, this is important when we talk about pushkin, it’s really important, i remember it amazed me, so i really like reading pushkin’s letters, because his letters to friends, letters to his wife, letters there , i don’t know, to some officials, this is an amazing variety of styles, this abyss of humor, feelings of respect, you just see when you read these letters, but some element... humiliation, not humiliation, but you understand in what cramped circumstances was this man who in the thirties writes - the captain's daughter, the bronze horseman, writes his absolutely amazing fairy tales, yes, we understand how disastrous his life was, how much his income was inferior to his expenses and how this required him to change his life, to enter the service, which

was disgusting to him, pleasant , and yet he did all this, he did it for the sake of his family, because for pushkin the creativity of his home, the creativity of his family, the creativity of his children, whom he loved endlessly, his wife, this was no less important for him, than literature, and that’s a lot explains in its tragic ending, but at the same time, speaking about pushkin ’s homeliness, it is perhaps difficult to name a writer or poet in russia at that time who would have traveled more than pushkin, just if you take a map of russia, by the way, he never wasn’t abroad, dreamed of being abroad , but never was, probably the only moment was, in my opinion, the year 1829 or 830, when he took a trip to arzrum, yes, this is the territory of today’s turkey, then this there was armenia, and

military operations were going on there, pushkin goes there to the caucasus. then writes absolutely wonderful travel essays, but the russian army went ahead and pushkin never ended up abroad, but nevertheless he was in the north in the south, when he wrote the history of pugachev, he traveled all the way to the urals, to orenburg, how many times did he traveled from moscow to st. petersburg, and to mikhailovskoye to boldino, this map of pushkin’s travels and poems that are dedicated to the journey, this is all his... his life, every fact of his life, every moment of his life, turn into creativity, this amazingly enviable fate, the fate of a man who did not live a very long life, but a life in which there was such a feeling that nothing was wasted, and even the melancholy that sometimes attacked him, even the blues, even this spleen with which he generously shared with

onegin, although he emphasized in eugene onegin that he was always ready to emphasize... his difference, yes, his difference from his hero, but one can still assume that he knew this too, this is also some kind of amazing feature of this man, a man who is eminently free. a person who changed which developed, and if the ideal of political freedom was extremely important for young pushkin, yes, it is very interesting, this is the movement of freedom, which he never abandoned, but which gradually takes the form of internal freedom, but even when he understands that the most important freedom is inside a person, even then he will write a testament in his famous poem, which we all know again, we all learned in school and for a long time i will be so kind to the people that i awakened the feeling of kindness,

that in my cruel age i glorified freedom and mercy for the fallen, this truth is also extremely important, pushkin’s mercy, pushkin’s compassion, pushkin’s goodness, which underlay his nature and which underlies his artistic... world, this too some very instructive and very saving feature. so i started with the block that wrote this wonderful article, the cheerful, light name of pushkin in 1921. and look further, this terrible split that occurred then in russian life, in russian culture, in russian literature and the thirties, when it was the centenary of the death of pushkin. on the one hand, in immigration, children go to gymnasiums and there is probably a portrait of tsar emperor nicholas ii hanging on the wall, maybe some other portraits, and they read pushkin.

russian soviet children go to school where portraits of lenin and stalin hang and pushkin is read. but this is pushkin’s comprehensiveness, this is his absolute organicity, this is his presence. pushkin in every moment of russian history, so it is also extremely important and, as it were, extremely encouraging, so in the same terrible year of 1937, when, for example, tsvetaeva wrote in paris, here is his famous pushkin, andrei platonov, here in the soviet union, in moscow, on tver boulevard, where the literary institute is now, wrote a wonderful article, pushkin is our comrade , and although this is very important here. tsvetaeva's individual comparison, my pushkin, plato's soviet - our comrade, nevertheless, both are pushkin , so pushkin really appears as a kind of ideal, these are gogol's words, but

the fact that pushkin is a type there is not i remember exactly the quote, but we all remember the meaning, the type of person who will appear in 200 years, well, 200 years have passed, apparently google made a mistake with the calculations, and this type of person can hardly be found in russian life now, but as he said again the same andrei platonov, ordinary people would not have left pushkin, this feeling of closeness to pushkin , it is really worth a lot, we should all just be congratulated on the fact that we have pushkin, that everyone has their own pushkin, everyone has their own favorite books , i really love prose pushkin. i just force belkin, i re-read them there every year several times, i’ve almost learned them by heart, probably, but every time my throat catches, and in some places, remember, pushkin, when he wrote belkin’s stories, then in a letter to vyazimsky,

according to - in my opinion, he said that a, or boratynsky, i don’t remember exactly which of his friends, when he read these stories, he neighed and beat his hoof, so i’m ready to admit that in these stories there is an awful lot of probably funny, parody , but from my point of view there is much more to touch. and in the blizzard, yes, when burmin falls at the feet of mary gavrilovna, on whom he made such an unsuccessful joke and says, so it was you, or the peasant young lady , when alexey berestov runs into this room, already at the very end of this story, this story, and liza, akulina, liza, yes, he reads, reads his letter, where he confesses his love for the peasant woman and asks for her hand in marriage, and sees a noble girl in front of him, by the way, amazingly. how this echoes the eighth chapter of eugene onegin, where in the same way onegin writes a letter to tatyana and in the same way goes to her room and she reads it a letter, but if in eugene onegin, and this letter is the last in their relationship, and

after this a break follows, then in the young lady peasant, who was created almost at the same time in the same boldin, and this scene, it led to their future family life together , or for example, what else... it’s amazing in pushkin, how in the same peasant young lady, a noblewoman who dresses up in a peasant dress, it’s funny, it’s vaudeville, and a few years later, pushkin will write the captain’s daughter. and there the noblewoman masha mironova will be forced to change into a peasant dress when the belogorsk fortress is captured by pugachev’s gang, because only a peasant dress can be her salvation from pugachev. this pushkin world, which is so strangely, so mysteriously, so enigmatically, so amazingly structured, pushkin about which we are arguing, is more important for some, relatively speaking, than the liberal principle that is present in his work, for others. perhaps the beginning connected with

the ideas of the state is much more important, as relevant as it sounds, this is the famous poem to slanderers russia, which is so often repeated today, and for which, by the way, pushkin then received a lot of criticism from his own, not only his opponents, but also from his friends who did not understand him and did not agree with him, but note that he did not quarrel with them , they didn’t quarrel with him, this is respect for someone else’s point of view, this is acceptance of someone else ’s point of view, it is extremely important, the last thing in this regard i would probably like to remember about pushkin is to say, i really love andrei torkovsky’s film mirror, if you remember, there is such a wonderful one in the mirror the moment when the boy ignat, yes, the son of the main character, finds himself in such an incomprehensible apartment in the center of moscow, then there is such a bush burning in the yard, well, of course it’s biblical... such an illusion, and the woman gives

this boy a letter to read, a letter from pushkin to chaadaev, this is the famous letter in which pushkin polemicizes with chaadaev, with chaadaev’s view of russian history, as a history that failed, yes, as a history that did not happen, precisely because this history is not european, because we found ourselves fenced off from europe and ... pushkin with does not agree with him, pushkin just remembers some key moments in russian history, and talks about its kings, talks about important events, talks about the tatar-mongol invasion, thanks to which europe was saved, and the most important words that are in this letter , words that in some sense can be considered our national idea, our credo, if you remember the words that sound something like this: as a person with

prejudices, i am offended, pushkin writes that he does not like much in his contemporary life , but no way in the world would i want to to change the fatherland or have a different history than the one that god gave us, this is probably the most important thing that was, is, will remain in pushkin, pushkin is really our comrade, and pushkin is really us. ordinary people will never leave, thank you, this was a podcast about the life of the wonderful, i was with you, the writer alexey varlamov, and we talked today about alexander sergeevich pushkin. hello, i'm pilot cosmonaut anton

shkaplerov, this is a podcast about space stories. on november 15, 1988, the orbital spacecraft launched soviet spaceship buran. launches from baikanur on energia launch vehicles. the flight lasted 205 minutes and was fully automatic. this would be a real triumph of soviet cosmonautics. today my guest is a test pilot, a pilot. cosmonaut hero of russia, valery ivanovichokev. valery ivanovich, hello, hello, let 's first tell our tv viewers what this project was and why it was created in general. of course, this project was not only scientific or technological program.

one of the main tasks - this was a response to our potential enemy at that time, a response to star wars, by this time, the united states of america, a shuttle, a ship, yes, the united states of america had already successfully operated a space program for several years , which was called the space shuttle, and when they actually reported to dmitry fedorovich ustinov, who was the chief of defense. it was decided to create a similar project, although we had the groundwork in the soviet union, they were working on spaceships that airplane... reusable, yes, airplane-type, reusable airplane-type , it started with a spiral, in fact, this is the airborne star that was worked out at the mikayan design bureau, and then others grew from this spiral, there, well, in particular, then

there is this same shuttle, only smaller, the shuttle actually launches from the ground and the launch is vertical, and in the spiral it is an aircraft-type aircraft... an aircraft-type spacecraft, but which launches with an external tank from a carrier, just like spiral, it was the carrier, in fact, there was only a supersonic carrier, and the mriya was a subsonic one, which was created in the soviet union, well , on the eve of the collapse, several flight models were flying, the mriya was specially created, but it’s absolutely true, how does any created aircraft carry in the world, yes, it was created as a carrier for this space air launch system, which was also being developed, but at a later stage than buran, in fact, buran began to work, and then they came to the conclusion that they need and have such technical capabilities, and there are people who, in general, are ready to implement this, and the soviet

union had the technical capabilities, the flight of buran itself in automatic mode, although i am not a supporter of this flight, but this is my personal opinion, it’s just unconditional. there is a guarantee of return, but the risk is completely unjustified, what a person can do more successfully than an automatic machine, one must trust the person , i think that many will agree with this, i even read the testers and cosmonauts who participated in this program, they even a special letter was written in order to they developed a manual landing system, that is, at the beginning it was really only created to fly automatically, but we understand that sooner or later the technology fails, i don’t even know it, duplicate it 100 times, it’s technology, it’s hardware, computers make mistakes, and there manual mode, it must be, you and i docked in manual mode and we know that a person who is quite easily trained can cope with the flight, and the docking, and even with

the landing of the aircraft, as they say, history has proven that, well, this integral is yes, we in my head. we still take it much more reliably than this device calculates, well, let’s say, from the same americans, there on the deck when they fly, they sit there as a backup if the pilot gets completely lost, that is, his psychophysiological state will be such that he , which means that then it turns on the machine in automatic mode, sits on the deck, but in real life it is never used, that is, this is a backup option, well , in principle, this should be the case here, and we know, according to the speciatt program, all the main landings, they were all done manually, no, they didn’t have them from the first flight, what was the triumph, uh, that it was without a crew, that he landed himself, i ’m expressing my opinion now, but i can afford it, probably now, then we wouldn’t be boasting about it now, at that time, i

think it was a big breakthrough, at that time, yes, when we had one large electronic computer in the soviet union, there was a sixth... or something, it was there with titanic efforts - they placed it in this there a few tons instead of the payload of this huge device with the capabilities that this large electronic computer included, uh, but domestically produced, it solved this problem, yes, but why invent a wheel, one asks, and even take such a risk when a person.. . solves this problem much easier, to help a person, to help an operator - yes, that’s right , well, we’re having a discussion now, well, the union is now being joined in the machine, you and i just got involved when the machine failed, yes, but it happens, that’s right, well, i also agree that it should be, well, better,

let it be done by an automatic machine, robots, it’s easier, but now look, in 2013, the aviation association in the united states of america on... which we have been leveling up for a long time, they even in the thirteenth year issued a federal law obliging airlines to test types of commercial aircraft that can land automatically and land reliably, fly in manual mode, because when they unlearn, when they get used to the fact that mentality is changing this is one, responsibility goes away, this is two, and third, well, the person relaxes , well, he works... and works for himself, and then a stressful situation comes, a failure of this automatic system, usually at the wrong moment, then it ended, by the way, very badly. with us, what was the difference between the buran and the space shuttle, and of course, what buran was

better at, each has its own advantages and disadvantages, just like we say that this is the kind of spacesuit there, well, we have for example , we have, i apologize, we have a diagram, yes, exactly two ships, a shuttle and buran, well , look, these are the sizes, like twin brothers, yes, that is, anyone can see it. look, the weight and linear dimensions are almost the same, our 105, the american 100, the output system, again, the main engines, the main engines on the shuttle are located on the carrier itself, on the one hand, this makes the design heavier, complicates the design, but on the other hand , this is not lost, the americans have two solid fuel boosters, they are not lost, in the sense that they are returned, well, naturally, because they are not lost, because they come back on the shuttle

, that is, they are reusable, that is, the shuttle was intended, each copy for 100 flights, and we know that there were five of them in operation, so in total they planned a resource for 100 flights each shuttle, which means this is a plus, because the engines as systems remain on the ship , the sides are returned, these solid fuel ones are not so expensive and are returned, the outboard tank is completely lost with its heat-protective coating, which played a cruel joke, in fact, when the columbia disaster and thus the tasks that are performed by both ships are identical, the only thing is that a 30-ton system, a 30-ton system can be launched in the cargo compartment, but returned from orbit due to the fact that our ship burana does not have main

engines, and well, more volume and less weight can accommodate 20 tons, on an american ship return, these are official data, 15 tons, that is, here we win, yes , what other advantages do we have, what other advantages, this system is designed only for.. .to launch this space shuttle and no other, another you can launch a payload, you can’t launch it, this is a system, a system together with an external tank, with sidewalls, it is specifically only for launching into orbit this space shuttle, this 100-ton payload, well, that is, a complete launch system, yes, this is a system, in a bundle it is 2,000, in a bundle it is 2,000 tons, as they say, but different. the payload, say, another ship or satellite is huge, we could only bring it out - in

the cargo compartment, it is certainly not small, it is 18 m and 6 m in diameter, the cargo compartment, quite large, but nothing else that in the soviet system, it is more massive, it was approximately 2,800 tons or 2,750 or 2,850 exactly. i don’t remember, this bundle, energy, this is a separate system, a launch vehicle, a launch vehicle, it could launch the buran ship, but it could also launch other payloads, and it launched or launched itself, no, no, no, it launched itself at eighty seventh year on may 15, in my opinion, if my memory serves me correctly, that is, it was a test flight of energy, the second flight of energy in history has already taken place with burano.

both flights were successful and it must be said that such a huge system, of course, can be considered a 2,800-ton mass , but it was successfully launched from the first launch and fulfilled its task, which in fact is a great technological success, for the entire soviet industry, in fact, on the one hand, these advantages are the same, on the other hand , automatic landing is lost. automatic landing, automatic landing is also implemented, i’m not talking about any losses, because part of the cargo compartment of the payload would be given over to this automatic landing, whether you like it or not, this is not a modern gadget that weighs there in your hand to hold, after all, the difference was big, and we remember what blocks stood there in electronic computers, they occupied entire floors there . in buildings, this was the payment, say, for, well, for that technological solution or for the engineering

solution, i think. well, not only me, my colleagues, test pilots, everyone thinks that it would be much safer if the crew were included on the first flight, even on the first flight, because, let’s say, here’s the loop that buran performed before landing, yes, it , of course, i think, surprised many , the developers there, the main one, even wanted to blow up buran at some point, then even in the management group. they were already inclined to believe that it would be necessary to carry out a detonation, because where would he go next? in fact, he would at least have an engineless landing, but one way or another, he could go to some populated area if his brain has gone crazy, but one way or another otherwise it turned out quite well, he was just there was an excess of energy, so he performed a maneuver, extinguished

this energy using the course correction cylinder, went in and quite... sat down on the runway , stopped, in general, the deviation was minimal, there was literally 9 m from the axis there, well, that was quite like would have been 5 m when it stopped, that is, this is very good accuracy, but on the other hand, we understand that all is well that ends well, but what guarantee was there, that this flight, there was a risk, like any flight, i think, we continue to talk about the first flight of the buran spacecraft and i’m visiting pilot cosmonaut hero of russia valery ivanovich tokarev. valery ivanovich, let's talk about buran, how it was built from the inside. we know the union, yes, i know how the union was structured , well, maybe the audience doesn’t know that the union is actually a small boat, consisting of three

parts, yes, yes, but buranta, this is a different generation. naturally, it is technologically more advanced and for the crew it is much more comfortable and in terms of volume and loads that affect the crew during launch and during descent from orbit. one and a half units only overload is nothing at all, that is, it is comfortable. well, the innovation is exactly the same as that of the soyuz system, 3.3 there, in terms of time, the overload is the same. 3.3 units overload, yes, yes, this is an overload of 3.3, well , in time the same time, as we say, there is about 9 mi and what was inside, but inside is exactly the same as in the american one, so on ours, the cabin is divided into two parts, that is, uh, the upper one is given to the cabin, the deck, the upper deck and the lower deck, and then there’s the cargo compartment, of course, but it’s sealed

the top one, but its volume is not the same as the union there, in the region of 3 microns, but as much as 70-odd, and this is quite a crew, how many could there be? well, the crew was planned to have seven working places, but it could have been 10, even 10? yes, of course, it’s not for six months, it’s clear there, but it wasn’t planned to fly for six months, it was planned for up to a month, let’s say, that is, tasks that... what specific tasks, well, if we’re talking about science, then it’s the same , what is happening now, they could, but firstly, it could deploy and carry into orbit up to 30 tons of payload in its compartments, that is these are satellite launches, well, the assembly of

various modules and so on, that is, he could carry out tasks. the very tasks that the union performed in assembling the international space station would have fit, and the union would have fit quite well there, even more than one, from this point of view, as a rescuer, as well as for putting objects into orbit, then this project was so secret that, of course, we had no right to talk about what we were doing there; even the name was different. the name was different, everything was based on the product, no, there was even a name, not buran, but baikal, well baikal is actually a different unit, but strictly speaking, these were all products , there was a lot there - countering foreign technical intelligence there and uh, other options, including, in short, everything was

kept in secret, but there were test flights, did you participate? well, and your team of future cosmonauts, space explorers on buran, look, from my predecessors, i just want. now to name, because the blessed memory there is, let’s say, ivan ivanovich bachurin, this is an air force colonel, a test pilot who was the commander of this group, the older generation, in general there were five people, there is a regular group within our institute, although it all started even earlier, it all started with lapte, not with buran, it all started, it all started with lapte, but in fact, this is a modern nevada food program, which is being prepared for flight by the americans, in fact, what is alapad? alad is the prototype that we have in monino now, if it’s in a museum in

a museum, but this is its prototype, an analogue that was launched, that is, such a small shuttle, in general, well, this is a dynamic model, there, but in reality it was larger, but it was also air launched, and it was air launched, and it flew, it underwent tests in the atmosphere, and it went into space flew, his models flew into space more than once and he returned successfully, that is, he confirmed his aerodynamic qualities there and the possibility of returning to landing, all this was confirmed, in fact, but so to buran, because why were they selected from among the test pilots, yes, right there, well, because that firstly it was necessary, it was still planned, it was understood that one way or another people should be prepared from a flight point of view for engineless landings, anyway... but they kept in mind that automatic automatic landing, but one way or another the pilot had the ability to switch to manual control and land - at the airfield in manual mode, one way or another

, that’s why test pilots were selected from among the test pilots, well, since in flight test practice we usually practice these engineless landings there, starting from mig-2 there, at least as far as the level of training allows it, especially for this... program, they even made an anniversary airfield, by the way, were you on a baikon there? yes, but now few people probably know that the airfield where we land, well, you already know for sure, in simferopol, is a runway where they land, then they taxi for a long time, this was exactly the runway intended for landing buran, there was one in simferopol, in the crimea, the second main one in baikanur and the third, somewhere in the far east, yes, and these runways were made of such quality, quality

it was just a level higher there so that there were millimeters there, well, probably equipment, and special landing equipment, yes, absolutely right, and the radio engineering complex that provided there, this radio engineering complex was located there and there and there, in in principle, this infrastructure was ready, it also required overflights there and well, work on them, this is one of the options that the test pilots were planning to do, in particular for this group, then an analogue of the bts was created, there is an analogue of buran, only with aviation engines, and was also for testing, yes for testing or for testing and preparation, uh, but plus - tu-154 laboratory. let's stop, buran , they installed it, aircraft engines, three, two, engines, aircraft, no, engine, aircraft, there were two or three, yes, yes, three or four, here are three or four, okay, and he's just how the plane

took off, flew, came in to land, and just uh, you pilots, testers, were doing this, practicing the landing angle, landing, and so on, that’s right, landing angle, trajectory landings, it was possible to train the aircraft... in laboratories and this was done exactly the same as with the americans, training is carried out on airplanes in laboratories, for this there was a tu-154, for this the mig-25 was intended there, well, as a laboratory, for so that you get used to it, shoot with a trajectory inclination angle from 17 to 23°, in fact, it’s not difficult, in fact, to shoot when, but one way or another you have to go through, here in the states there in the naso they make about a thousand successful passes before how to qualify as a pilot or

crew commander on the shuttle, well, we had something similar, in fact, that’s why airplanes and laboratories were created, and this specimen is simply to confirm its flight characteristics, takeoff and landing characteristics, it can take off in any case, it took off vertically, with the help of an energy rocket, a carrier, but one way or another, here it was necessary... to make an approach and land, but in fact the landing speed, that is, the engines on the ryokan were turned off, nothing was turned off, here on this there is nothing in the copy turned off, and he came in with the engines, just on it - the landing was actually being practiced, well, in addition to the airfield, radiochemical equipment , the plane was also specially created, the largest in history. mriya was not created for the buranovsky program. mriya - this was the next stage, this was the stage of an air launch, if buran was a ground launch, that is, a vertical launch, this is from a desktop - to an energy launch vehicle, then mriya was intended to launch nine. that is

, a space shuttle, only much larger smaller than the shuttle, it was different, well, this is further, an air launch, an air launch, yes, it took off with an external tank from an altitude of about 10-12,000 m, it uncoupled, and it turned on the engines and went into space, there were six work places, it was also designed for six people, this is a different program, but... i think it’s really effective and advanced, and it was also developed by our people, engineers, then that galaxy of brilliant designers who could do it to do, well, this flight was unmanned, the next one was planned to be a pilot, well, why, that’s why they were recruiting, at our institute there was a selection of test pilots there , that is, we were planned for

operational tests, namely flights on these blizzards, already in normal operation, that is, in normal operation and further planned , of course, there are manned launches, flights, we continue to talk about the buran spacecraft, my guest is cosmonaut pilot, hero of russia, valery ivanovichokev. valery ivanovich, we have already said several times that this was the only flight, do you think? why didn't the program continue? of course, there were prospects, this is the collapse of the soviet union, well, they simply stopped funding it, no one canceled the program , gorbachev did not dare, they say that there are still no documents, no, and gorbachev did not dare to sign there then, and neither yeltsin i didn’t sign, so i’m like - well, the extreme commander of this group in the ministry of defense, they laid us off there in 1990. that is

, under the directive, 8 years after this flight, the training of all test pilots for flights in space, yes, they closed this program, although it really just stopped funding it, tamich, ironically, you spent so many years preparing for the flight to buran, in the end you made your first flight on the american space shuttle, well, tell me how it was for you already... for the buran pilot to come, sit on the second deck, like marie on the lower deck, fly as a specialist, on already completed flights, yes, but i think that i was still wildly lucky, in fact, and somehow the stars aligned what it turned out to be that i was in the year ninety, well, i sat down at my desk, naturally, i started studying there at the union, passing everything there, and it so happened that somewhere

around... the new year of ninety-nine there, well, the end of ninety-eight there, remember yes, this is the flight director, we had such an astronaut, yes, an astronaut and a general, so he calls me and says, well, valer , you’ve had english for six months, i say no, i only speak german, he says, well, you have 2 days until the new year, which means the new year you’ll celebrate and fly out on the first. here in houston there, in nassau, there was a question, so about the english language, yes, because you will take tests there, the start was on may 27, so i arrived in january and flew on may 27, well, in general it’s true, but this is true, i think , which was lucky, there were many then, well, like many, i was the only one from our group who went, so everyone went to their desks again , well, because you yourself understand,

the medical commission needs to be done from scratch again, again with a new one, no one to you, your merits there or whatever you are doing, then you have already joined the detachment of the training center, the training center, so i just transferred, not at i had a dream to fly, of course on the shuttle, but i joined the detachment, it was still flying, but unfortunately, when i flew, i literally made my last flight in six months, i didn’t even see it in space, it didn’t even dock when i i was on the iss, no, in fact, you were really lucky. the stars have aligned, you can now tell us how you flew on the shuttle, yes, of course, it is much more comfortable on it, but the statistics show what, out of five... two of them died unsafely, yes, but the union is still much more statistic more favorable, in your opinion

valery ivanovich, there are prospects for reusable spacecraft in the form of m, airplanes, and in further development, well, in fact, the idea of ​​​​the shuttle was not born abroad, after all, in fact , tsialkovsky also wrote about these shuttles ... wrote: and korolev, in fact, he immediately, you can find confirmation of it, he said that this is only the first step, this is the first union - this is only the first step, and then there will be winged, uh, spaceships, in fact, if you managed to see the photograph, yuri alekseevich gagarin, and thesis, at the academy when, the thesis, it’s her, but it’s clear from the presentation that the queen, the thesis, is in her hands... well, the prototype of buran, yes, yes, yes, there is such a photograph when he takes a test or an exam there, yes, yes, yes, there is already a diploma there, so that’s it, if it weren’t for the death of the queen, i think we have moved much more energetically towards these winged ones, but this is actually the future,

because well at a new technical level or technological level, in fact - reusability, this time, will be commensurate price. and efficiency, now in russia, well, there is noticeable interest in space, in manned astronautics, a lot of programs, a lot of meetings, you are probably participating in these projects, in these meetings, what do you think is the reason for this? here is a splash, as you yourself probably felt, it’s still a flight, so you flew to shoot a film, and the film, it shook up, i just want to say the benefit of watching the film, yes, i watched the film, but i want say, you asked why the question is about something else, because social networks are simple, well, yes, they were boiling with interest, if before it was exactly there, well, in astronautics it’s somehow even, some are interested, some are not interested,

but work, and here there was a surge, there are different, there are negative or positive, there it is already it doesn’t matter, but the fact is that interest seemed to surge, on november 2, it was released ... a russian feature film about space, man from nowhere, directed by rinat davletya, was released , we just have a trailer, we can watch it, but this flight, it’s not very dangerous, key to start, ready to start, one person once said, who does not risk his life, it won’t be found, 30 seconds, the flight is normal, how beautiful, something is wrong, kim alekseevich, where am i, this is a special hospital,

its territory is closed to other patients and any visits, i made it clear, that’s right, remember, tim alexeyevich. any detail can trigger the restoration of your memory. we are in moscow in 2023, you are 89 years old, i don’t remember. he came up with a character in which he lives. i remembered something. why didn't you say from the very beginning that this would happen? dasha, excuse me, who? are you sure that

is this a hospital? they have foreseen everything, who they are,