an interesting question, let me give you an example , look, here’s a person who grew up in an intelligent, somewhat educated family, and he thinks that it’s good to be good, you have to appreciate modern art, and he sees a picture that he can be, where - in another situation he would not have liked it, but he wants to maintain the consistency of his beliefs, and he begins to experience the emotion, i like this picture, this is possible. yes, of course, this is possible, this reaction can be instantaneous, there are people who really have a flair for art, as if to understand, say, painting, yes or there, but for people, people who acutely feel somehow a plastic solution, but there are people who ask questions, are embarrassed to ask them to the artist and or are embarrassed there, afraid of seeming ignorant, but in art , and makes some kind of judgments, as if conditional , yes... which seem to show it from the best

side, as it seems to a person, but in fact, the further, the more i see spectators who are not afraid to ask questions, not are afraid to sincerely not understand something, but asking questions, don’t just be perplexed and say what kind of nonsense this is, but try to understand what’s in front of them and, after listening to the artist’s opinion, express your opinion. which is actually very important and has the right to exist as well as the artist’s opinion about his work. vladimir, from the point of view of science, how widespread or tested or proven is the situation that a person can like something and honestly like it, because if suddenly he doesn’t like it, it will be a cognitive dissonance with his other beliefs and knowledge, well , this is quite a common situation, a situation when you submit, well, either to the dictates... the opinions

of others, this is quite a standard situation, or you submit to the dictates of your own ideas about what you should like, yes, in fact, i want to be advanced, that's why i appreciate modern art, although i don't understand it very much, it gives me mixed feelings. how sincere are these feelings? can a person sincerely love something that, in fact , for some objective, formal reasons? he shouldn’t have liked it, but in order not to enter into dissonance with the rest of his knowledge, his psyche made him like it. well, actually, processes of this kind certainly take place. the word sincerity in this case is not very clear to me, that’s the relationship. well, we are all quite complex creatures, thank god. and therefore, what is happening in the inner world of a person is inaccessible to anyone except him. his behavior, in experiments or in real life, will indicate that he likes what. at first it was doubtful

fears, hostility and so on, so on, yes , what is boiling or not boiling there in the depths, we do not know and cannot know, yes, but i repeat, based on all the signs sufficient for external analysis, we will be sure that he has resigned himself, accepted , fell in love, and so on, so on, so on , but what about, for example, a person likes a certain singer, likes the way he sings, likes the way he moves on stage, likes... the way he gives interviews, what if this singer admits some statement that is absolutely at odds with the moral values ​​of this listener-viewer, how to get out of this cognitive dissonance? well, actually, you have many paths, and the person who invented, discovered the phenomenon of the cogantin surname festinger, actually described these paths, but you can consider that the singer is really a brute, and you... all his life, yes, and

accordingly, to be convinced that he is so bad, and means to reject him as a class, this is a difficult path, because if he deceived me, then i am gullible, and being gullible is not very good, not very good, accordingly you can disavow, that is, to challenge his judgment, which seems controversial, dubious or simply unacceptable to you, right? well, it was taken out of context, in this case the brute will be the journalist who conducted the interview or someone else, well... the second option, yes, the third option, you can try on various seemingly contradictory judgments in order to sit on two chairs, well , i think that all sorts of other options are possible, to shift your moral judgments, so yesterday i came across a very respected specialist in social sciences, some wild statements about, we won’t name which one, but absolutely false scientific medical technology, i had cognitive disadvantage, i respect this scientist, sociologist, i have a bad attitude towards

this pseudoscientific paradigm, how can i oblige? well, as a person, i’m still a pumped-up person, i still chose a reasonable path, it seems to me that... a person in some areas fully accepts the stupidity of others, this option is quite possible, but there is another option, why shouldn’t i do not change my moral values ​​and views if the hon. man, well, on the other hand, you can look at his age and decide, well , my god, he’s gone crazy, for a long, long, long time he was good, smart, advanced, and so on, but age did its job and his head is no longer the same , well, this is also relatively rational, yes it is certainly rational, well, now we are more likely talking about the irrational. i think, well, what if i’ve loved this actor, singer, or so on all my life and he says that i don’t know, the earth is flat, yes, he seems incompetent to me in this area, but maybe it’s easier for me to move this installation , well, from a flat earth it’s not very easy

to move, with such moral assessments you are certainly right, here in general it’s easy, especially against the backdrop of geopolitical events, everything happens easily and fun, well, considering that the moral assessments lie such... a clear area where probably cognitive distortions work stronger, yes, yes, yes, exactly like that , another example, also on the verge of cognitive distortions, some other things, this is an experiment with helping a person who or him bad, or not at all, the conditions were which, if i'm not mistaken, you'll correct me, a seminarian at some religious american college or something like that, they had to give a teaching sermon, and they were told, the first group, go to the church, where the pastor or whoever will hear you, hurry up, because you are already late, and he really doesn’t like it when he is late, the second group was told, go to the same church, well , the pastor will come later, you

’ll wait for him a little, and on the way he sat in an incomprehensible position, just like that like this, a person specially hired by psychologists, which was not clear to him. or is he just resting? and, as i remember, the results of the experiment, the number of these seminarians who came up and offered their help, in a situation when they were in a hurry, in a situation when they had a reserve of time, differed by a factor of five, well, seminarians are people too, no, well a factor such as excess or lack of time influences the qualification of the situation in one case, we define it as happening... something bad should get in the way, in the other nothing special happens, i move on, let me anyway i'll remind our viewers a slightly more accurate experimental situation, because here there is a lot that an experimental psychologist can find fault with, the situation is much cleaner, this is what it is, you

are walking down the street, everything was done almost without a setup, and, accordingly, a person falls on the street , in what situation will you go? if you don’t go, it turns out that it is critically important how many people around you see the same situation; if you are alone, then the likelihood that you will rush to help is many times higher than if there are several of you, moreover, there they further influence a little what kind of people are around you, but in general there is just such a strict dependence, yes, in fact, well, the question is about who you attribute responsibility for helping, well, the diffusion of responsibility, i’m not an experiment on my own. the likelihood of stopping and getting a lift, hitchhiking, was very clearly noticeable, the fewer cars on the road, the higher it is, but for the perception of a painting or some other work of art,

the number of people around is important, so a person is looking alone at a painting, or it costs a lot a crowd of excursions, yes, i think it’s important, in general there is a technique that... tour guides and some experts offer, where you can force yourself to stay at the painting for at least 10 minutes, in a state of excursion or some kind of movement of a group of people, that’s all while the attention of one is drawn to one thing, the other to another part, even if they are talking about work, half, that means, looks around, someone looks at the phone, and accordingly the person also reacts to all these movements around him when he is left alone for one, still here some kind of concentration occurs, but in fact this is a rather difficult experience, complex, difficult for a modern person, like this in front of a motionless, silent image, to stay in silence for a long time, to concentrate, but sometimes, some kind of community of people who

are looking at the same time to work, it, it can help, watch, here it seems to me that the quality of the spectators plays a certain role, and sometimes even watching the spectators. that is, as if, when we look at someone who is looking, he can concentrate us and give us attention to work, that is, since a person studies something there so carefully , looks at it, i’ll look, maybe there’s really something important there, the number of cognitive errors, many even have beautiful names, can be listed, well , almost endlessly, i don’t i know, in some reference book i saw 250, i think it could be 500 or 1,000, but how does knowing that we make mistakes and often make irrational decisions help us not make irrational bad decisions, well, for general reasons , i’ve been warned, that means armed, yes at that attitude, if you... suspect that you are not without sin, your thinking, yes, as we

agreed, today, well, everyone is not without sin, not everyone, that’s for sure, but not everyone suspects it, rather the opposite, but so, remember that the quick decision you make is often flawed, and , accordingly, pay attention to the fact that you are easily led by a bright wrapper in a variety of options, that you easily underestimate some hidden ones. .. half-hidden moments of the situation, that you make mistakes for the sake of your self-esteem, and so on, so on, that you have there are stereotypes that you have some established frames of perception of the situation, that is , perhaps you need to launch system 2 more often, perhaps it will be a little calmer as a result, but is it possible to somehow more purposefully learn to avoid such cognitive errors in critical situations , you know, this is the main one. is that errors of this kind are the flip side of well

-functioning thinking, that is, it is not that thinking is deliberately mistaken, yes, precisely because it makes us very adaptive to the complex life we ​​live, it allows itself this kind of stupid delusion, this is precisely the payment for adaptability, for the ability to cope with information, with complex communication situations, and so on, so on, so on, many years ago, let’s give an example. i’ll give you, psychologists asked ordinary people to keep diaries of a very specific nature, how many times during the day do you make mistakes, well, these are the simplest ones, well, i took a tube of shaving paste instead of toothpaste , and tried to salt something accordingly, grabbed sugar and so on and so on and so on, that’s when these same respondents were sure that everything would be anonymized, mm, we were talking about dozens of similar small errors a day, yes, in fact, this was before

all the talk about cognitive error , then people were just happy to classify what happened, it ’s impeccably different, we make mistakes in the most trivial situations, and i repeat that we are talking about dozens of mistakes a day, as you understand, well, a lot, why are these adults, reasonable, adapted people, not childish garden, as we sometimes say, what is the creative process, the creative process is a path of mistakes and failures, that is, it is a basic part of the process. well, besides what to know about cognitive errors, is there any method, training, course that allows you to make them less often? people argue that you can increase the degree of rationality of decision-making, that is, the number of situations in which you launch the system is two, if you... are seriously engaged in solving some problems, and, accordingly, very different ones, it is not

very clear how much skill which one are you you will find when solving problems that require system 2, you will be able to transfer it to a variety of other situations, this is a sports thing, but once again, in general, solving problems and developing your thinking is never harmful, in this regard, of course, you will help yourself, at least by those that you will spend interesting time, and can art help us, because look, often a painting or some other work is a completely different view of the phenomena that surround a person, so an impressionist artist came out and saw a red sunset, although he was seen in gray all his life, and he forced the viewer to look at an ordinary thing differently, from a different point of view, it helps to avoid cognitive errors if you start trying to understand how a work of art, any pictorial film, works. then this is, of course, a step in the right direction, in order

for thinking to develop, it must grasp and work with complex objects, there are no other options, in one of the discussions in which i participated many years ago, a very reasonable director of one of the moscow schools said, what do you need teach not mathematics, but mathematics , yes, well, actually this is the idea, yes, i fully agree, well, it is important to teach, to see the same thing in different ways, not to be limited by boundaries, i also work at school, among other things, we we often watch quite innocent children’s cartoons, and if we give free rein to the discussion, even the youngest. sees in them something completely different from what we are used to seeing, intended in carlosin, they saw the terrible tragedy of loneliness, the fears of the baby, and carlson in their version, this is the product of the baby’s fears of adulthood, of cold father, well, people were given a little freedom, they saw the same object from a different point of view, you can only applaud, and what is useful is to look at

the same thing from different points of view, so this is actually the recipe, only you start in trying to understand this, it turns out to be complex, multifaceted, multilateral , contradictory, thank god, and the more points of view you find, the more you discover, in fact, this is truly such a boundless immersion, an opportunity to hear and be heard equally important for everyone. vladimir putin will answer questions from citizens and journalists live. you can ask your question now. by phone 8 800 200 40-40 via sms to number 04040 or through the websites moskvadefisputinu.ru and moskvadefisputinu. rf.

all details are on the websites. we will try to make sure that. one question did not go unnoticed: the results of the year with vladimir putin on december 14 at 12:00 moscow time. schrödenger's cat podcast is with you and today we are talking about cognitive distortions. all issues you can watch our podcast on the website 1tv.ru. tell me, do you yourself have cognitive errors? and for example, well, accordingly, with the number of everyday mistakes , everything is endless, as in the studies of rizan , which i quoted, and an even more amusing mistake, i also really like it, there is such an effect, the impostor effect, and accordingly, regardless of the professional level , and all the time you realize how much you don’t know, you’re waiting for them to finish telling you, well, what is it,

how can you not see that i don’t know this, i don’t know this, i know a lot of things, but at the same time, yes, as socrates said, yes i...’ that i don’t know anything, let’s still give at the end of our conversation a clear definition of what a cognitive error is when we say about errors, in a cognitive sense or in a non-cognitive sense, then of course we are talking about the fact that the process of processing information comes to some deviations from what is, well, in some sense, in fact, yes , accordingly, to, some illusions of perception, when we see something that is not what actually exists. or to illusions of thinking when accordingly, we skip some fundamental factors and make a decision based on, say, superficial information, yes, that is, in this regard, when it comes to cognitive distortions, then this is a deviation from some uh, not just acceptable, but some more

rational, decision-making, option, idea, something like this, from the basic, probably, laws of logic and statistics, which - yes, but this is not industry, no, you just said from how in fact, in fact it a concept that is completely extensible, yes, once again, here i am i’m trying to continue to narrow this matter, but i repeat that we are talking about deviations from rationality, and from that completely structured, reasonable version of the same decision, which we did not make because we were carried away by some other beautiful, attractive, eye -catching . yes, elements of the situation, but which are not its essence, when we have deviated from some essential aspects, a situation, an object, a process, our goal and other things, well, let’s take some more precise example, by the way, how in fact, one of the well-known cognitive

distortions is to imagine the maternity hospital in which the child is born, the first option is a boy, a girl, a girl, a boy, a girl, a boy, the second situation is a boy, a boy, a boy, a boy, which situation has a greater probability, well, accordingly, this is a well-known experiment by kanovoversky, 74, if you know the statistics , remember that the probability of the birth of boys and girls is approximately the same, but most importantly, half of the next... child is independent of the half of the previous child, then both the consequences are approximately equally probable, people, even those who know statistics, unfortunately, overestimate the similarity. this sequence with the population, if we have approximately equal numbers of boys and girls, it seems that this is a more likely situation, is it called the representativeness heuristic fallacy or just the

representativeness heuristic? i specifically gave this example because it is very clearly visible here how our cognitive schemes contradict, well , more or less objective laws of statistics, yes, yes, and it strongly contradicts, that’s what i’m talking about i told about this, a week ago at a lecture and people who have a decent... education simply argued with me foaming at the mouth, proving that no, that statistics say something different, it was very fun, well, since we already need to finish, let's finally, some wishes to our viewers and listeners, naturally on the topic of cognitive distortions, cognitive errors, how to live, what do you advise, come on egor, first you, well, i would advise you to avoid such - hasty judgments and try to look at seemingly familiar obvious things with new points of view, thank you, vladimir, i would

put the same thing in just different words, simplicity, as you know, is worse than theft, so the more complex you are, the more different points of view you can accumulate than different approaches to something phenomenon, a complex one you can name and use, the better, generally speaking, the more interesting your life is. it was a podcast. schrödinger's cat, i am its presenter grigory tarasevich, chief editor of a popular science magazine, also schrödinger's cat, our wonderful people today guests, artist egor plotnikov, psychologist, professor, head of the ranhix laboratory for cognitive research, vladimir speredinov. hello everyone, this is a podcast deception of substances, this is a joke for the desperate, and it is hosted by me, olesya nosova, editor -in-chief of komsomolskaya pravda, endocrinologist, zukhra pavlova, well

, today we will probably talk about something that people really have no idea about about proper cooking of food, because with the help of proper cooking you can improve a product, make it more useful, or, in fact, make it worse, for example, the easiest way is to add... extra salt to the prepared dish, there is such a trick, for example, not to add salt to the dish at all during cooking, but for the vast majority of people, this is unacceptable, they believe that the dish becomes somehow not so , here’s what you say about this, we have a lot of stereotypes, a lot of habits that have been with us since childhood all our lives, and we often hear about how people say, my grandmother, my mother cooked this way, i will cook this way . refer to their longevity, for example, but what is the point of adding salt to an already prepared dish? the only point is that the salt is iodized, and when we add salt

to the dish being prepared, it loses this very iodine, that is , the most valuable thing, in fact, moreover, when we prepare a dish, these are some large volumes and we add this salt by eye, we don’t understand, in fact, whether a tablespoon or two tablespoons is how much each individual person will eat, the point is precisely not to overeat salt, because this, as it turned out, is the most harmful habit, which has the most detrimental effect on our health, so when we cook, we should not add salt to the dish, we should add salt to the cooked dish in our plate, this way we understand how much salt we used, and moreover, we can train ourselves not to over-salt this food, this is really a very important point, because, as you know, not long ago a study was published where the 15 most harmful eating habits were identified, and oversalting, excess salt,

is the first point that was taken up in this ranking, this is such an honorable place , so it’s really better to add salt to the food on your plate, well, there are some very interesting data, here’s also the latest research, but it turns out that if a man over 50 years old has finished adding... food, after he has already taken it, so to speak, ready-made , then this shortens his life by more than 2 years, there is a recommendation on how much salt you need to eat per day, yes, and this is also a big discovery for many, because the total you need to eat per day is 5 g salt, no more, this is a teaspoon without slides, as a rule, most people receive almost twice as much of this very salt, and why is there so much attention to salt, the main cause of death in the whole world, pressure, and, accordingly, increases these vascular risks, and in fact, more

there is such an interesting fact, they agree that the beginning of the path of cardiovascular problems of mankind began from the moment the consumption of salt began, this is approximately , according to some preliminary calculations, a little more than 5,000 years ago, when the chinese first we found out that salt is an excellent preservative, we understand that before there were no refrigerators, it was impossible to preserve food in any other way, here is food that was salted, added salt, sometimes re-salted, it was preserved, this was the most important point, because the risk of dying from hunger was so dominant, probably after an infection or some other dangerous things for humans, so when we oversalt, we retain sodium, sodium retains water, so, in fact, this increases the risk of arterial hypertension, and then there are such terrible things as - well, right here it’s probably also important to say that it’s not that a person sits down and eats this teaspoon

or two tablespoons... a day, this is hidden salt, it’s what we we don’t know, what we don’t notice, for example, if we buy bread, there is salt in the bread, by the way, it ’s interesting, but in general a person can do without salt, but if a person just doesn’t add salt to anything, well, since we all we also eat ready-made food, but in many ways, but we cannot fully prepare everything at home, then without there is no salt left, this is absolutely true, and if you don’t add more salt, then a disaster will not happen, but if you try to completely eliminate salt from your diet, then this is also not entirely correct, because salt plays an important role in our body, well, banal things in order for digestive enzymes to be produced, you need certain substances that bring salt, that is, there is sodium, there is chlorine, depending on what kind of salt, for example sea salt, yes, if this salt is not purified, then there will be more than eighty other different microelements , they are all very important, but there is not such a large

number of them to get an excess, but it is also important to note that when people give preference to some other salt, let’s say, not this purified one, but together with useful microelements, to we also receive very harmful substances, salts of heavy metals, cadmium, mercury, mice, what kind of salt are we talking about, what does unrefined mean, let’s say, but there are many lovers of himalayan salt, for example, this is all exotic expensive salt, exotic expensive salt, business is that it is unrefined salt, it will also bring salts of heavy metals , and this is very harmful to the body, therefore - i would not support this story, and it is better to use purified salt, gifted, preferably, then we get what we understand, what we need and we don’t get these heavy metal salts. by the way, regarding himalayan or pink salt, and they often say that it contains a lot of iron, pink salt with this

pink tint is precisely due to iron. nothing like that, of course there is iron there, but there are such tiny quantities of it, so don’t be deceived, don’t overpay , it’s much more expensive than normal purified salt, by the way, i’m a gift, but they often say that iodized salt is more expensive, well, in my opinion it’s not like that, it’s not such a serious prepayment, in my opinion it’s only one ruble per year, the result is an overpayment according to the calculation, but the benefits are noticeably greater, because our entire country is practically... located in the zone of iodine deficiency, and if you do not use iodized salt, then the risk of iodine deficiency in our diet is high, with a large number of all sorts of consequences and not only for pregnant women both for children, but also for adults , well, of course, that is, the most important thing, as we understand, is to use normal salt, not to add salt during the cooking process, but to add salt only during consumption, then you are guaranteed to eat less salt, okay, but what do with pickles, pickles?

and so on, red caviar, yes, by the way, here is red caviar, thank you for remembering this wonderful product, there are 6 g of salt per 100 g, imagine, so don’t be overzealous when you eat caviar, it’s still salt, as for salted cucumbers, if you do not eat these products in excess , and always taking into account existing diseases, then of course , in small quantities these are... quite healthy products, especially if we are talking about such a product as sauerkraut, because sauerkraut, in my opinion, is generally an elixir, well practically, what are these products good for, if they are not pickled, just salted, first about the benefits, these are fermented foods, fermented foods for our body are products that contribute to the production of substances, for example, short-chain fatty acids, so as not to overload anyone with biochemistry,

so these substances are... practically medicine for our intestines, and the large intestine is 80% of lymphoid tissue, that is , immune tissue, which means we immediately mean that our... . immune system, which means we get sick less from all sorts of viral, bacterial, infectious diseases, and many other things, including the prevention of cancer, because if our intestinal wall is not very healthy, then through these, say, damaged areas they can penetrate hormonal substances that should have been excreted and in no case should have ended up in the blood, so in terms of oncology, this is the mechanism here, therefore... healthy products, including sauerkraut, well, they don’t ferment only cabbage , but other products are also fermented, and zucchini, cucumbers, and many others, there is another very important point that is often missed, there is such an important, important aspect - seasonality, yes, we

can’t eat good ones there ground tomatoes or cucumbers in december, they simply shouldn’t exist, they can be grown in greenhouses, but this is not at all what grows naturally in the summer, so... pickling in this regard is absolutely wonderful in replacing these seasonal products, our immune system in this in general, we feel very good when we don’t eat strawberries in december, we give the opportunity to cleanse ourselves of various biological substances in the body when certain products arrive, so pickled fermented products are our everything, but don’t forget that there is salt, yes, because such products are always up to... and what to do? should i somehow rinse the sauerkraut from excess salt or something? well, it’s advisable not to overeat, but adding vegetable oil to sauerkraut is exactly the factor that improves

the taste, reducing this salinity and on the tongue, but it’s better not to deceive yourself with vegetable oil in this regard, and not get extra calories, but just don’t over-salt these foods, and it’s advisable not to add them. with sugar, this is such a setup, to put it mildly, because it seems it seems that the cabbage is cabbage, you start to take it apart into parts, you understand that sugar has definitely been added there, there is another deception, five-minute cabbage, this is when it looks like sauerkraut, actually cooked very quickly with the help of vinegar and so on and so forth, this is not at all this magical product that can be recommended to everyone, yes, indeed, it is not so useful, including for people with pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, with some diseases, and even pancreatitis , kalita, this is not good at all, again fermented foods, if a person has hypertension and high

cardiovascular risks, then really, the less salt, the less consequences he will have, increased blood pressure, edema, and so on, so it is necessary to take into account the initial data of a person, in addition, there is another very... important aspect, because with us, we never, when we studied at the medical institute, otherwise at first the question arose: why do we need physics, yes, why do we need mathematics, we are doctors , biology, chemistry and so on, well, all our body and the whole world in general are physics, chemistry, mathematics, and we need to know these laws, including the salt that enters our body, retains liquid in the vessels along with proteins, otherwise we would simply lose all of it from the vessels everything would flow out of the cells. therefore, salt is also necessary, it retains this osmatic component, it retains the liquid where it should be, that is, salt allows us to maintain our shape, so to speak, briefly, and to produce

digestive enzymes, in fact, live, you can watch all episodes of the podcast deception of substances on the website of the first channel 1tv.ru. you see, and you are a simulator , i feel good, nothing hurts me, well , you gave me clients, i fought for 6 hours, katyusha, what do you think, the heroic surgeon deserved a cup of coffee, he has a new surgery nurse there, so he’s not his own will miss, the mood is zero, hello, strong alcohol, many nurses have passed through me, but i’m noticed, what else have you noticed, medicine is tough competition, get used to it, a lot brought women here, pack? you like me, and you like me too, i don’t want to see you next to him anymore, i don’t like contact with your lovers, you mean? some guy asked you what he looked like, why are you yelling at me, ask

the nurse, tomorrow at first, why are you acting like a stupid nurse, i act in accordance with my position, yes, what happened yesterday, where did you go? all that i have, all that is joy. that day, everything that i call my destiny is connected, connected, i love my country, premiere, on saturday, on the first, you cannot love your homeland and not know the culture, geography, history, this is impossible, svetlogorsk is a resort for pensioners, not just pensioners, these are those who came here at

20 and still don’t want to leave. oleg, the land is really beautiful from above. why don't you ask me? music festival singing kevin on saturday, on the first. i’ll tell you a secret, when the season ends, this city is put in a box, kaliningrad is put away under a hill. hello everyone, my name is nastya zadorzhnaya, and i really love dogs. i decided to change mine life. instead of becoming an actress, i chose volunteering. she is incredibly helpful in raising my kids. what we had without dogs and what we have now are two different lives. since i have a dog, i feel more strongly that i am a person, well, this is a wonderful dog, of which i have already saved two. for human life. this is not just

a pet, this is the creature that accompanies you everywhere. dogs love us, dogs change us, dogs teach us, dogs save us. dogs are a whole world, a world in which there is one important rule, always be there. premiere. be close to december 10th on the first. the deception of substances podcast is with you again, this is zukhra pavlova and olesya nosova. since we’ve already discussed salt, we haven’t discussed kvass, we should probably talk about sugar. sugar is the main, leading cause of obesity. and unfortunately, there is a lot of sugar everywhere, even in borscht, it’s scary to say, there is often sugar, that’s it. again , there are figures that the norm is 25 g of sugar per

day, well, this is decent, it’s about five five teaspoons, but probably five tea, but here it is important to emphasize , olesya, that this is exactly sugar, not just carbohydrates, just sugar, yes, yes, but at the same time , the average inhabitant of the earth consumes 59 g. this is hidden sugar, the most terrible one is like hidden salt, in all sauces, in all, it would seem, yes, i remember. i once caused great surprise in a person to whom i told that there is sugar in soy sauce, which is salty, the person told me, yes, but sugar, including how salt is used as a preservative, that is, yes, such a retaining state, let’s say, and the substance, and yes, indeed, we overeat sugar, and there was a study that showed how sugar consumption increased over time and at the same time weight increased. people, well, all over the world, have such

a wonderful parallel picture, and yes , indeed, very often i hear speeches where they ridicule the fact that diabetes mellitus can be filled with sugar, well , that is, of course, this is not a direct connection, you eat sugar from you get diabetes, no, not like that, diabetes is more than 80% of cases based on obesity, that’s how you get obesity, you need to consume more calories and spend less of them, the easiest way to do this is... with carbohydrate foods, because they are tasty, we are drawn to them, they improve our mood, produce serotonin and so on, that's why we all consume large amounts of carbohydrates, hidden, open, we hide chocolates in table drawers, someone always has it in their bag, and so on and so forth, and this sugar is both hidden and obvious, this is the simplest direct road to big troubles, many studies have shown like five times with the seventies to the present day... the amount of consumption

of these simple carbonated sweet non-alcoholic drinks has increased, that is, they began to drink them instead of water, a lot of juices, and juices contain added sugar, including as a preservative and as a substance that will make you will want it again because it’s delicious and so on, not only that, let’s say these drinks are very, very rich in sugar, yes, which young people love, because they add substances. which blocks our vomiting center, which prevents this negative feeling of excess sugar , that is, we drink these drinks, but if we remove this orthophosphoric acid, which... this is how it makes our brain blind, then a person would not be able to drink it, it would be very cloying, so sugar really is such, well, in my opinion, a great evil that we need to focus people’s attention on so that they understand what the threat is, but sugar can be replaced, in fact, you can

add sugar wherever your hand reaches, you can add sugar everywhere , a substitute, but it's absolutely it’s unusual and seems almost , almost blasphemous, chemistry, well, yes, sugar is real, and they also very often say, yes, i cooked it taking into account that there may be people with diabetes, so i added only honey, only honey , and you understand how the person cared, how he thought, but honey, this is actually a fruit, in general, what is sugar, let’s say briefly, these are two simple carbohydrates, so-called manomeric, this is glucose and this is fructose, if we’re talking about glucose everyone has heard of glucose in diabetes, some such associations yes, about fructose, most people have the feeling that this is such a worthy and safe replacement for sugar, yes, glucose, but in fact fructose in small quantities is a good component, but unfortunately there is even more of it than glucose, because you we saw a coffee shop, yes, they’ll give you coffee for money,

you can add as much syrup as you want, it ’s absolute fructose, these syrups are made with fructose. yes, fructose is cheap, cheap, when you learn how to make it very cheap, mainly from corn, it costs a lot cheaper than sugar or glucose in general in production, and for some time everyone was sure that it was safe, and products for diabetics were prepared with fructose, but a little later it turned out that fruit has more potential to be deposited in fat than the same glucose, and this is the problem. because the more adipose tissue, the more metabolic problems, and the same diabetes or the same uric acid, high gout, urine stone disease, this is all the result of excess fruit accumulation primarily in the liver, we we are talking about visceral obesity, yes , the pancreas is degenerating, a large omentum is forming in the abdomen, so many

are perplexed, somehow they suddenly get fat in the summer, it seems that in the summer they need to lose weight, because everyone eats, yes, everyone eats berries, fruits, how much is in them and they have wonderful fructose, which perfectly degenerates into fat, so let’s go back to the cooking methods, and the worst thing is this, it ’s hot, of course, right here is this terrible word - end products of glycation, yes final products glycation is such a new brand and it’s good that they are talking about it, because as it turned out, it is these substances that contribute to a greater extent to the progression and formation of yes... obesity, increased cardiovascular risks, cancer risks, and it has even been proven that they shorten a person’s life, so these are the end products of glycation in simple terms, what are they? here we have a protein molecule or a fat molecule, it has such appendages, if you twist the wire , it has such protruding ends, these protruding ends

the ends are amino acid residues, such pre-protein residues, but if water molecules are attached to these molecules, then such a cross-linking occurs, figuratively speaking, and the molecule changes its configuration, it was so straight, it became so twisted, it is a denatured molecule, it is perceived by our body as foreign, dangerous, it can come into contact with certain receptors and cause negative consequences. zukhra, i’ll put it simply, the final products of gylification are a golden brown crust, a golden brown crust on any product, the most delicious, the crispiest and so on , advanced glycation end products, which make us less healthy, and this is one of the main factors of aging, there is the consumption of a large amount of advanced glycation end products, yes, in our body, so that there is no misconception, glycation also occurs, that is, such a waste.