i haven’t done this before and father alexei says to me: you’ll see, you’ll miss this, you’ll really regret that the fast is over, but i also thought, why should i regret it, if, well, if it’s over, why? i can’t continue, but this is an interesting psychological moment, like, when it ends, that you may not do this anymore, which i’m probably judging from the priest’s bell tower, because the closer, the closer the holiday, the final in which the post ends, the more people and this very spiritual communication becomes more and more, and of course, of course, the closer the holiday, the less and less strength becomes, and you now understand that you can’t do it without christ’s help, because well, your strength has come, but after all, what i shared, this human fatigue, is in the parishioners, do you feel it?

people who really try to carry out this kind of feat during lent, the closer the holiday gets, it’s as if they become more transparent, brighter, this grace of god, it seems to begin through shine on them, because the person has worked hard, tried, it is clear that there physical strength is exhausted, there is a certain amount of spiritual strength, but the work has been done, and the person is probably tired somewhere. but then some kind of amazing compensation happens by the grace of god, when a person somehow puts his pride, selfishness and admiration for himself a little aside, lord, that’s how good the holiday really is approaching, i wish i had the strength to do this too have time, and then not only have time to go to the service, but also to pray there at home, and at home to please your own with something, and to help those who need it, not only to please yourself , but to concentrate on yourself, but to try with

other people, to share this expectation of the holiday and, well, to become like the word of st. seraphim, yes, save yourself, around you will be saved by many , become a conduit of god's grace, it seems to me that it is also very important not to torment your loved ones, children, especially by fasting, well, it’s true, many are tormented, no , they are tormented, i don’t mean not to let them eat, but many, especially teenagers, parents begin to, well, suddenly plan and try them... and it’s kind of the opposite, either because it’s difficult for them and they need everyone around them to do the same thing, wait, i think shmilev’s nephew kutyrin recalls in his memoirs that during lent he was fed lean eggs, there are some other things about lenten, yes yes no, they are lenten, the chicken is fasting and will lay lenten eggs, but on the other hand, it seems to me that shmilov wrote the summer of the lord in very hungry times for himself, a lot of different things, well, because it but i

don’t, it makes me so proud i think my fathers, all this happened in russia and that means, but on the other hand, all these fasting people then in the seventeenth year, what many of them did, no, in this sense , i don’t know much more than anyone else, i like this wonderful chekhov story about christmastide when do you remember when here he is and there is a crust and then he is seized by an apoplectic stroke, this is how chekhov is, but at the same time this is chekhov with something like that, chekhov can be assessed differently from a christian perspective, but this is of course a deeply christian story expressed in such a well, partly foolish form, yes, because here he is all the time, he’s here and there. christmas post, the topic

on which we gathered our thoughts today, ksenia alferova, priest anton borisov, i am vladimir liggoda, if you like to gather thoughts with us, go to the website of the first channel 1tv.ru, there you will find all episodes of our podcast. we continue. you know, yes, why is clean monday, the first day of lent, because it is necessary to clean everything that is modest, because we prepared so much for the rituals, so on monday everywhere the curtains on the windows were closed and there were icons. the main thing is that god doesn’t see, yes , how we are cleaning up, yes, from here it’s clean monday, it’s like it’s permeated, it doesn’t matter, that’s how it is, i just caught myself with this feeling, i read that it’s all the same now when you speak there’s something about god, something else, this causes many people to feel like, well , well, they don’t talk about this, or there seems to be such pathos in these words, but when , after all, people lived with the feeling that, well he's everywhere, well, here he is, here, well, that is, he's everywhere and every day, and there maybe it’s my fault there and i don’t... go or there in the morning in the

evening i don’t pray, but as if during the day i ’m still with him, i remember, i, oh, sorry, this conscientiousness there is a very good story, i forgot nikifol now, there is, it ’s really about well one, that is, it’s about lent, but i think the same thing happened to this boy on christmas day, when he was sent on maundy thursday, he was sent to confession, which means no one knew where we were returning again, well, that is , there are some things that no one sees and he doesn’t know, and they will never know, the priest will definitely never know, but the child, he just lives in this atmosphere of the feeling that he is everywhere, yes, we did something bad, but we know what he sees, we are still ashamed inside ourselves, and he is there very much, he talks about it and he says: it also describes to him what a child feels before he admits that he ate the sausage, but i, well, this video gave me , but he suffers from this, suffers terribly, well, from the fact that she and he cannot hide it, well because it’s still

a kind of grown-up feeling, in my opinion, that now what i would like, for example, and it would be easier for me if people around were like that, pay attention, there’s still a lot of formalism , like a child alone... father, i love you not only in church, that is , when we go out, yes, he sees how his parents are, that is, everything seems to be so orderly, but at home it’s a little different, well you see, there is something to think about here, because as far as i understand, this is the practice of modern church life, people are those who go to church, they confess, take communion much more often than they did before the revolution, before the revolution, by and large, fasting is four multi-year fasts, and there are people who served in the army, there in general once a year, at some point, even for ordinary civilians, it was enough to go to confession and receive communion once a year, so here we are in our idea of ​​pre-revolutionary russia, we have greatly overtaken it, very much, but we have people who every sunday takes communion, but it wasn’t, it was

n’t, i don’t just say when you say the words, but when you don’t feel so good from this little piece, then he burns himself, i talked about this, that because he knows that god sees, well, yes , no, well, it’s natural. because the child grew up in this feeling, which now, maybe we are very disciplined, but in many ways it is lost, this is a living, living god, of course, yes, of course, it is in these texts, i you know, unfortunately, our time flies by so quickly, at least when there are such wonderful interlocutors, and i want to leave it on a literary note, not to leave it on it, there is such a concept, reading for lent, yes, for example, during great lent, i have been re-reading the confession for many... many years augustine, for christmas i’m now thinking about what i should read, so i’d like us to finish here, so that you would advise something, or say what you are planning, or advise, from your, so to speak, large list specifically for the nativity fast, that’s what you could read, i’m talking about secular, maybe literature

, for me, for example, that is, i think that even though you, the lord's summer, is a must-have book for all holidays, and there are absolutely wonderful collections of christmas stories, and now many publishing houses are making them, they are absolutely perfect always a very good selection, they create this right thing anyway, they are simpler, that is, not everyone will read theological literature, they create this right thing, festive and so pure, they are very clean, ringing, as a rule everything, they have this correct feeling of both preparation and the holiday of lent; with this feeling it is much easier to do all these things that we should do during lent. or rather, it creates the right feeling in you, it shouldn’t, but you want to spend these days just like that, this is the most valuable thing, perhaps, that you get from these books, thank you, you know, romanovich, the problem sometimes is that this is difficult,

religious books are sometimes not at all christian in their own way, you know, such a message, but it happens that the books seem to absolutely not... religious, but essentially christian, but i will try , maybe find a middle ground, you know, i would gladly re-read lavra, vadolaskin, yes, at one time i was very impressed by archibald’s book kronin, the keys of the kingdom, yeah , that’s what the seminary students really pierced me with, although it seems like a book about a catholic priest, but nevertheless there are some absolutely, well , generally christian things written in there, in a good sense, when it becomes clear that really the religious backbone, the corset on which we often rely, must be filled with sincere faith and charity. thank you

very much, i usually ask, all our classics, they all have them, the same chekhov actually has other stories, there of course. yes, yes, yes, well, fyodor mikhailovich, let us still do this, with all my love for sasha, for sasha the black, no, they just have this theme of a boy on a yumka, it’s like this, this is it, this in fact, there is also a very good poem, but about just about the angel who gave the christmas tree to that same good boy, well , we’ll have to do one more , we’ll record another program, thank you very much, dear friends, ksenia alferova, priest anthony borisov, i’m vladimir ligoido, today we were gathering thoughts about the christmas fasting and its main meanings, all the best. hello, this is the podcast

schrödinger's cat and i am its host, the chief editor of a popular science magazine, also called schrödinger's cat, and we are talking about science and how it affects our life. today our guest is vladimirov, professor. doctor of psychology, head of the ranhix cognitive research laboratory. hello, hello, vladimir, and egor plotnikov, artist. hello, don’t be alarmed, this is a special composition of two seemingly opposite people, a scientist and an artist, because today we will talk about cognitive distortions. vladimir, in general , why is it so important to study human mistakes, our irrationality? it turns out that in real life you and i behave the way we lead, yes, we are not

super logicians, not super statics, not super thinkers, we are ordinary living people with a mindset that, in order to work well, is forced to make mistakes, which is why it is very useful to understand how it works in fact, because it allows, on the one hand, to understand how people make decisions, on the other hand it... a few examples to make it clearer what we are talking about, here is my favorite cognitive error, and i think scientists too , this is true called the fundamental error of causal attribution, i specially pronounce it in full so that you understand that psychologists are also scientists, they also have terms, for example, an employee brought a report on time, a report on some work, why? lazy, unpunctual, i didn’t do something on time, well, each of us doesn’t do something on time,

the circumstances turned out that way, it didn’t hurt, the dog was sick, the electricity didn’t work, and in general the task was bigger than i thought, yes, yes , very often we quarrel because we somehow we attribute to a person’s actions, an explanation of his qualities, someone said a rude word, he is a khan, right? someone answered at the wrong time, he is a slob, but we are good , we are wonderful, don’t you think that in general the desire to be good is such a powerful source of all kinds of cognitive errors, such one of the basic human needs, its it can be described in different ways, it is connected with the fact that we want to maintain authority and self-respect, to look good, in fact. eyes, well, the eyes of others, of course, too, and this leads to a large number of behavioral consequences

, again a large number of, well, distortions, we are talking about this today, well , what can we do, this is human nature, i will say carefully, well, another favorite example of mine is such a cognitive error or irrational behavior that in my opinion, they often call it a foot in the door, when a person agrees to something small at first, he is more willing, then he goes for some big ones... very ugly, very ugly poster, follow the traffic rules , some were asked to do it right away , and there, in my opinion, 80% refused, others were asked to first sign a petition for safe traffic, people signed, and the number of those who agreed to put up this ugly poster increased some times, four times, if i’m not mistaken, does this often work? well, actually, as a way

to fight for safe traffic, it’s not very often, that’s how all sorts of manipulative techniques in sales, for example, regularly, that is , accordingly, the sales manager tries to hook you on some little thing, on something that will not do anything for you special cost, but this will allow us to take the next step, i’m just not sure that what you and i are describing under the heading of cognitive distortion is entirely correct, yes, there’s a lot of stuff going on here, it turns out that it’s still a cognitive distortion - indeed, if the word is cognitive translate into russian, cognitive, these are errors in the cognitive. in the sphere of cognition, in the sphere of the work of our memory, attention, thinking, perception and so on, although there in general it is still necessary to narrow it down, but in general, the general thesis that i would defend is very trivial, in general not my psyche human, it is a very unreliable thing, it is very prone to errors, very different ones, that is, in this regard, the century in psychology is filled

with studies that show how often, how varied, how foolishly we make mistakes in different situations, and it is stable. we are mistaken, these are not random things, that is, the thesis that i formulated has a reverse side, that we are mistaken precisely because our psyche works normally. it's time for our second guest to join in, egor, you had an exhibition that was so was called cognitive distortion, yes, what is cognitive distortion in art, now one of your works has appeared on the screen, why is there a white line, well , first of all, i would like to say that we really live in a time when we are overloaded. .. we are wildly overloaded with information , and at a time when we are immersed in gadget screens, our clip-like thinking works for us, that’s when we suddenly move or, on the contrary, find ourselves in extreme isolation for many, and this is of course reflected in the works, here

here, for example, we see such a white stripe, and in many of my other such landscapes. very natural, yes, in a classical manner , oil on canvas, yes, we also see such subtractions, as i call them, these are white fragments of canvas, circles, uh, squares, stripes and so on, which seem to be part of the image, it disappears, this is an image of our memory, which precisely preserves parts of the whole, yes, it loses this panorama, it retains only some fragments, at the same time these disappeared... parts, they provoke the viewer to to complement, replenish, remember this landscape , as if to appropriate it for yourself, remember from the baggage of some of your memories, complete it, perhaps, yes, try to imagine what is there, so and become such a co-author of the artist, at the same time, in general , this is such a call to the viewer to look more carefully

at the work of art, at the space around you. how to return to this, to this panoramic view of our vision, look, we have a typical scene, a rural road, some kind of woodland, a person, and a cut out rectangle, when we make a decision to assess the situation, how much information do we use, is it the one in the picture or much less? it depends a little on what situation you are in, but realistically, well, the general eye is now. in science explains this kind of situation through models where two systems work, the system is fast, the intuitive system is slow, reasoning, respectively, if the situation requires a very quick solution, then the system works almost instantly, uses a minimum of information, some reference points, some supports, some similarities with other situations, and

accordingly a very quick decision-making, if a more complex system is turned on, it is turned on in cases where the first one does not work satisfactorily, something is wrong, something accordingly causes misunderstandings or accordingly some possible serious consequences, something like this, everything is not always clear there, then, accordingly, the second system will intervene and , let’s say, record that the situation is very strange, yes, there is an obvious hole in the image, what is in the hole is unclear, respectively, is this the artist’s intention, or is it a lacuna in perception or something else? yes, that is, in this regard, here is the reasoning system , system 2, it works slowly, requires much more information, but it makes balanced and, in general , largely informed decisions, more justified than intuitive systems, that’s the only thing i’m against i would sharply object to the term clip thinking, this is an absolute invention

of journalists, there is nothing like it in there is no reality, this is an obvious fiction, i would add to the common myths that we... the peasant of the century received the same huge overload of information, in fact , the volume of information, how the geese behaved, and he had a hundred geese there, like a cow milked , like some kind of flower, where did it become, but i will ask you to return this picture after all, look, here we have a situation, a rural road, dirt, beaten by tires, heavy cars, there is a man standing, i can’t even determine his surface, man or woman, well , judging by the boots, probably a rural resident, we have a task, for example, to decide whether to turn right or left, there is a fork here, and for the first system it is enough for us... to see his boots and that he is some kind of local ask me to go to the stop right or left, that's right, we we need a minimum analysis

of the information of these tires, his clothes , facial expressions, we make a decision, if, accordingly, the problematic situation is precisely to find the way to a stop, then i think that most of what you listed will generally fall out of consideration, it’s just there it seems a safe character who... is probably local, who probably knows the way , you can ask something like that, but if suddenly we asked him for directions, and he says, i won’t tell you, and this situation is repeated, probably the second system comes into operation, what is happening , what is happening, something unexpected is happening, and, accordingly, something that does not fit into the usual scenarios and , accordingly, here you need to think a little, or at least analyze more than some then sources information, perhaps the situation is not so simple, maybe there are some hints of danger or that something is playing on you or something else that just requires that very system 2, which, well, will think about what

is happening, that is, the desire to save on processing information, this is generally such a basic feature of our brain, i would consider the word brain, let ’s consider the neuron, i mean our thinking, you can certainly, yes, accordingly, our cognitive system is lazy, a standard metaphor, she diligently from... wherever possible cope based on some directly accessible, easily processed and local signs, pieces of information, it will do exactly this way, give some other example of how cognitive errors arise due to our desire, not desire, need for, respectively , colleagues , the americans did it, it’s very nice... the test was called cognitive reflection, the idea is very simple, they give you problems where you can make a very quick decision, find a quick answer, the usual wrong one, or

manage to catch yourself by the tail and that means think and answer correctly , but much longer, well, let's say , respectively, a stick and a puck cost 1 ruble 10 kopecks, respectively, a stick is a whole ruble more expensive than a puck, how much does it cost: a stick and a puck, well, a ruble and 10, they answer you, yes, this is the wrong answer, this is just the one system that worked, we need these kinds of tests, they usually interpret them as tests of the rationality of human thinking, they show that we are not too rational, how often it fails us, that’s your feeling, that’s all - some kind of exotic, is it on big economic deals or on impulse purchases, or is it still everywhere, i have the impression that it’s not just everywhere, it’s absolutely, absolutely everywhere, somehow i don’t even know how to say this, that is , this is how life works.

schrödinger's cat podcast is with you, and today we are talking about cognitive distortions. i would like to return to one of the main, well, at least in my opinion, source of cognitive errors, this desire to appear good in one’s own eyes in the eyes of observers, consistent, whole, to what extent does a person who... sees your pictures want to be good, an interesting question, well, let me give you an example, look, here is a person who grew up in an intelligent, somewhat educated family, and he thinks that it is good to be good, one must appreciate contemporary art, and he sees a picture that he might not like in another situation, but he wants to maintain the consistency of his beliefs, and he begins to experience the emotion, i like this picture, this is possible, yes, of course, this is possible, this reaction can to be immediate, there are people who really have a flair for art,

as if for understanding, say, painting or something like that, and people, people who feel acutely somehow a plastic solution, and there are people who ask questions and are embarrassed to ask them to the artist and either they are embarrassed, they are afraid of seeming ignorant, yes, in art, and - makes some kind of judgments, as if conditional, yes, which seem to show him from the best side, as it seems to a person, but in reality, and then further, the more i see viewers who are not afraid to ask questions , who are not afraid to sincerely not understand something, but when asking questions, not just to be perplexed, to say what kind of nonsense this is, but to try to figure out what is in front of them, and listen. in the artist’s opinion , express your opinion, which is actually very important and has the right to exist just like the artist’s opinion about his work. vladimir, from a scientific point of view, how

common is it, or has it been tested or proven , that a person can like something? and he honestly likes it, because if suddenly he doesn’t like it, it will be a cognitive dissonance with his other beliefs and knowledge, well, this is quite a common situation, a situation when you obey, well , either the dictate of the opinions of others, quite a standard situation, or you obey the dictate of your own ideas about what you should like, yes, actually i... want to be advanced, that’s why i appreciate modern art, although i don’t really understand it, and it gives me mixed feelings. how sincere are these feelings, can a person sincerely love something that, in fact , for some objective, formal reasons , he should not have liked, but in order not to enter into dissonance with the rest of knowledge, his psyche forced him to love it. well, actually, such processes certainly take place. the word sincerity in

this case is not very clear to me. that’s the relationship, well, we are all quite complex beings, thank god, therefore, what is happening in the inner world of a person is not known to anyone except for him, it is inaccessible, his behavior in experiments or in real life will indicate that he likes what at first caused doubts, fears, hostility, etc., etc., yes, whatever is boiling or not boiling in the depths, we. ..' we don’t know and we can’t know, yes, but i repeat, based on all the signs sufficient for external analysis, we will be sure that he resigned himself, accepted, fell in love, and so on, so on, so on, but what to do, for example, a person likes a certain singer, likes the way he sings, likes the way he moves on stage, i like the way he gives interviews, suddenly this singer makes some statement that is absolutely at odds with the moral values ​​of this

listener-spectator. how to get out of this cognitive dissonance? well, actually, you have many paths, and the person who invented, discovered the phenomenon, the surname festinger, actually described these paths, but you can consider that the singer is really a brute, and he has been wrapping you up all his life, and accordingly, make sure that that he is so bad, and that means they will reject him as a class, then right away a difficult path, because if he deceived me, then i am gullible, and being gullible is not very good, not very good, so you can disavow, that is, challenge his judgment, which seems controversial, dubious or simply unacceptable to you, right? well, it was taken out of context, in this case the journalist who conducted the interview or someone else will be the brute, well, here’s the second option, yes, the third option, you can try on various seemingly contradictory judgments

in order to sit on two chairs , well, i i think that all sorts of other options are possible , to shift my moral judgments, so yesterday i came across a very respected specialist in social sciences, some wild statements about, i won’t name which one, but absolutely pseudoscientific medical technology, i had cognitive dissanity, i i respect this learned sociologist, i have a bad attitude towards this pseudoscientific paradigm, how can i blame it, well, as a person i’m still pumped up, i still had a reasonable path, it seems to me that an intelligent person in some areas completely allows stupidity in others , this option is quite possible, but there is another option, why don’t i shift my moral values ​​and views, if a respected person, well, on the other hand, you can look at his age and decide, well , my god, he’s gone crazy, he’s been a long, long time , for a long time i was good, smart, advanced and so on, but age took its toll and my head is no longer the same, well, this is also relatively

rational, yes this is... rather about irrational ones, to think, well, what if i loved this all my life actor, singer or so on and he says i don't know, earth flat, yes, he is not of course incompetent in this area, but maybe it’s easier for me to move this installation, well, from a flat earth it’s not very easy to move, with such moral assessments you are certainly right, here it’s generally easy, especially against the backdrop of some geopolitical events everything happens easily and cheerfully, well, considering that moral assessments lie in such a fuzzy area, where probably cognitive distortions work stronger, yes, yes, yes, that’s right, another example, also on the verge of cognitive distortions, some other things , this is an experiment using a person who was either unwell or not at all, the conditions were what, if i’m not mistaken, you’ll correct me, a seminarian at some religious american college or something like that, he had to preach

a teaching sermon. and they were told to the first group: go to the church, where the pastor or someone will hear you, hurry up, because you are already late. he really doesn’t like it when people are late, the second group was told, go to the same church, well, the pastor will come later, you’ll wait for him a little, and on the way he sat in an incomprehensible position, that’s how here, just like that, specially hired by psychologists and a person for whom it was not clear whether he was ill or just resting, and as i remember the results of the experiment, the number of these seminarians who came up and offered theirs... was five times? well, seminarians are people too. such a factor as excess or lack of time influences the qualification

of the situation: in one case we define it as something bad happening, it should interfere, in the other nothing special happens, i move on. let me remind ours a little more careful for the audience. an experimental situation, because here there is a lot that an experimental psychologist can find fault with, the situation is much cleaner, this is what it is, you are walking down the street, everything was done almost without a setup, yes, and accordingly a person falls on the street, this is the situation in which you will go to help him, in which case you won’t go, it turns out that it is critically important how many people around you see the same situation; if you are alone, then the likelihood that you will rush to help is many times higher than if there are several of you, moreover, there they further influence a little what kind of people are around you, but in general there is just such a strict dependence, yes, in fact, well, the question is about who you attribute

responsibility for helping, well, i observed the diffusion of responsibility in my non-experimental experience when i was young and hitchhiked, it was very clearly noticeable that the fewer cars on the road, the higher the likelihood that they would stop and give you a lift, yeah, but tell me, to perceive a painting or some other work of art, the number of people around is important, here’s a person looks alone at the painting, or he stands with a large crowd on a tour, yes, i think it’s important, in general there is a technique that guides and some specialists offer, where you can force yourself to linger at the painting for at least 10 minutes, in a state of excursion. or some kind of movement of a group of people, yes, all the time the attention of one is drawn to one, the other to another part, even if they are talking about work, half of them are looking around, someone is looking at the phone, and accordingly the person also reacts to all these movements around when

he is left alone, after all , there is some kind of concentration going on here, but in fact this is a rather difficult experience, difficult, difficult for a modern person, like this in front of a motionless, silent image for a long time, to be in silence, to concentrate, but sometimes, and some community of people who simultaneously looks at the work, it, it can help, look, here it seems to me that the quality of the spectators plays a certain role, so sometimes even watching the watcher, that is, as it were, when we look at the one who watches may concentrate us and give us attention to , to the work, that is, since a person... studies something there so carefully, looks at it, let me take a look, maybe there is really something important there, the number of cognitive errors, many beautiful there are even names, you can list them, almost endlessly, i don’t know, in some reference book i saw 250, i think it’s possible 500, and a thousand, but

how does knowing that we make mistakes, often make irrational decisions, help us not make irrational bad decisions, for general reasons... in this regard, if you suspect that you are not without sin, your thinking, yes, as we agreed, today , well, everyone is not without sin, not everyone, that’s for sure, but not everyone suspects this, rather the opposite, so remember that the quick decisions you make are often flawed, yes, accordingly, pay attention to the fact that you are easily led by a bright wrapper in a variety of options, that you easily... underestimate some hidden or semi-hidden aspects of the situation, that you make mistakes for the sake of your self-esteem and etc., etc., etc., that you have stereotypes, that you have some established frames of perception of the situation, yes,

that is, perhaps, you need to launch system 2 more often, perhaps it will be a little calmer in the future, but is there any way -more purposefully learn to avoid such cognitive errors in critical situations. you know, this is where the main trouble is that errors of this kind are the flip side of well-functioning thinking, that is, it’s not that thinking makes mistakes on purpose, yes, precisely because it makes us very adaptive to the complex life we ​​live, it allows itself this kind of stupid delusion, this is precisely the price for adaptability, for the ability to cope with information, with complex communication situations and so on, so on, so on, many years ago, let me give you an example, psychologists asked ordinary people to keep diaries of a very specific nature. how many times during the day do you make mistakes, well, here are

the simplest ones, well, i took a tube of shaving paste instead of toothpaste, tried, accordingly, to add salt to something , grabbed sugar, and so on and so on and so on, when these same respondents were sure that everything would be anonymized, we were talking about dozens of such small mistakes a day, yes, in fact, it was before all the talk about cognitive errors, then about what people were happy to classify what happened, it’s impeccable, in different ways, we make mistakes in the most trivial situations, yes, i repeat that we are talking about dozens of mistakes a day, that’s how you understand , well, a lot, why are these adults, reasonable, adapted people, not a kindergarten, as we sometimes say, what is the creative process, the creative process is a path of mistakes and failures, that is, the basic part of the process. well, in addition to knowing about cognitive errors,

is there some method, training, course that allows you to make them less often, people claim that you can increase the degree of rationality of decision-making, that is, the number of situations in which you launch system 2, if you are seriously engaged in solving some problems, yes, accordingly very different, it’s not very clear how much the skill that you... acquire when solving problems that require system 2 can be transferred to a variety of other situations, such a thing is a sport, but once again, in general, solving problems and developing your thinking is never harmful, in this regard, of course, you will help yourself, at least by spending interesting time, but can art help us, after all, look, often a painting or some other work is a completely different view of those phenomena that surround man, here comes an artist...' he saw the sunset red, although he had been seen gray all his life, and

he forced the viewer to look at an ordinary thing differently, from a different point of view, this helps to avoid cognitive errors if you start trying to figure out how it works a work of art, any work of art, painting, cinema, literature, yes, then this is certainly a step in the right direction, in order for thinking to develop, it must cling to and work with complex objects. there are no other options, in one of the discussions in which i participated many years ago, very the sensible director of one of the moscow schools said that it is necessary to teach not mathematics, but mathematics, yes, well, actually this is the idea, yes, i completely agree, well, it is important to teach, to see the same thing in different ways, not to be confined to traditional frames, i still work at school, among other things, we often watch quite innocent children's cartoons, and if... 'freedom for discussion, even the lower grades see something completely different from what

we are used to seeing, a mimer in carlosin, they saw a creepy the tragedy of loneliness, the baby’s fears, and carlson in their version, this is the product of the child’s fears of adult life , of a cold father, well, people were given a little freedom, they saw the same object from a different point of view, one can only applaud, but in general it’s useful to look at the same thing from different points of view, that’s exactly what it is here is the recipe, well , as soon as you start trying to understand it, it turns out to be complex, multifaceted , multilateral, contradictory, my god, and the more points of view you find, the more you discover, in fact, and this really is such a boundless immersion, schrödinger's cat podcast is with you, and today we are talking about cognitive distortions, you can watch all episodes of our podcast on the website: tv.ru, tell me, do you have

cognitive errors yourself? lord, for example, well, accordingly, with the number of everyday mistakes , everything is endless, as in the studies of the reason that i quoted, and an even more amusing mistake, i also really like it, there is such an effect, the impostor effect, yes, accordingly, regardless professional level, and all the time you realize how much you don’t know, you wait, when you need to chat, yes, well... some, how can you not see that i don’t know this, i don’t know this, i know a lot of things, but at the same time, yes, as socrates said, yes, i i know that i don’t know anything, let’s still give at the end of our conversation a clear definition of what a cognitive error is . when we talk about errors, in the cognitive sense or in the non-cognitive sense, then of course we are talking about the fact that the process of processing information comes to some deviations from what is, well, in some sense in fact, yes, accordingly, to some

illusions of perception, when we see something other than what actually exists, or to illusions of thinking, when, accordingly, we miss some fundamental... factors and make decisions based on, let’s say, superficial information , yes, that is, in this regard, when we talk about cognitive distortions, then this is a deviation from some kind of uh, not just acceptable, but some more rational decision-making, option, idea, yes, something like that , from probably the basic laws of logic and statistics, which - yes, but this is not about thinking, no, you just said from how in fact, in fact, it is completely extensible, yes, once again, i’m trying to continue to narrow this matter, but i repeat that we are talking about deviations from rationality, and from that completely structured, reasoned version of the same decision, which we did not make because we were carried away by some other beautiful, attractive,

eye-catching elements of the situation, but which are not its essence, when we deviated from some... essence of the sides situation, object, process, our goal and other things, well, let’s take some more accurate example, by the way, as in fact one of the well-known cognitive distortions, imagine the kind of house in which the first option is born, boy, girl, girl, boy, girl, boy. and the second situation: boy, boy, boy, boy, which situation is more likely? well, accordingly, this is the famous experiment by canovansky, 1974, if you know statistics, remember that the probability of the birth of boys

and girls is approximately the same, but the main thing is that the gender of the next child does not depend on the half-previous child, then both sequences are approximately equally probable, people , even those who know statistics, alas, overestimate the similarity of this sequence with the general population, if we have approximately equally boys and girls, it seems that this is a more likely situation, is it called the representativeness heuristic fallacy or just the representativeness heuristic? i specifically gave this example because it is very clearly visible here, how our cognitive schemes contradict, well , more or less objective laws of statistics, yes, yes? and they strongly contradict, so i talked about this a week ago at a lecture and people who have a decent technical education simply argued with me, foaming at the mouth, proving that no, that statistics say something different, it was very fun, well, since we it’s already time to finish, let’s finally make some wishes to our

viewers and listeners, naturally on the topic of cognitive distortions, cognitive errors, how to live, what do you recommend? come on egor, first you, i would advise you to avoid such hasty judgments and try to look at familiar, seemingly obvious things from new points of view.