well, by the way, we must have the right ones, here are the force-makers , those with whom i was familiar, whom i knew, these were all quite comfortable people, not people at all, with a good sense of humor, with adequate, congenial ideas about beauty for me, they listened to the same music , they liked the same things there, they just had a lot more of them there than i did, overall it was good.

only then, in fact, what can they do to you, if you don’t get immersed in all these currency frauds and you don’t face a real sentence and real pressure, then in fact, you don’t risk anything except showdowns with competitors, because the farcists had their own designated zones there, but in any case it was somehow regulated, if a person entered this territory, if you didn’t bring him, he’s without a recommendation showed up at... the police

, by the way, they could have planted something else, there was a rather noisy story about which they talked about in moscow about a vigilante who, during this kind of raid, recognized his classmate, a former, became collaborate with him as an assistant first by forging. then he became a much more serious figure in this business than his mentor, and uh , he cleared the clearing for his mentor, he ratted him out, planting currency on him, that is, he was imprisoned, he cleared the clearing, uh, then he went out and after his imprisonment he killed killed his comrade or his sister, i don’t remember these details now. but these

stories were told as if, after all , this is such a business, well, it’s not easy, where there’s big money, there can be big troubles, in addition, there was such danger, like registration, it was such an informal group, they were called lyubera, these were guys from the moscow region, not necessarily from lyubertsy, they were just bastardized.

a frenchman he knew, to another frenchman who was traveling to moscow, he said, here, take a phone number, take this and that, because these things are best to sell, and if we are talking about foreigners from the warsaw pact countries, that is, from eastern europe, then these brought exactly the same amount as they took away, because in the soviet union it was possible to buy many things that were not they were sold, for example, in poland, by poles.

queues where you had to sign up, or it went under the counter, but in principle, the poles bought a lot of things here and took them to poland, because they kind of made it twice, they came here and sold something , they made money here and

brought something from the soviet union to poland and sold it there and made money here and there, you can watch all episodes of the podcast club project on the website. this is a podcast about the chronicle of the end times and i am evgeniy dodolev telling to you about the subculture of soviet black marketeers. for sales, by the way, they were often used, in addition to stores, well, retail outlets, so -called, where they were thrown away, there was a term: goods were thrown away, these thrift stores were throwing away.

hot pies, they handed them over to a thrift store, and there was a certain - like a conspiracy, because the receptionist at the thrift store, she could, she had some kind of fork, she could value the thing at 30 rubles, or she could value the same thing estimate at 50, naturally, and they set a ceiling the price on the one hand, on the other hand , these things were so desirable for so many, they also provided a favor to some of their acquaintances, they said that in our hall tomorrow there will be there, i don’t know, there is some kind of coat or tie or some kind of shirt, that is, the farculator received money, part of this money he gave to the appraiser as a fee, and it was even much funnier when these two sisters, with the help of familiar

fasteners, they generally organized this kind of business that let's say he arrived a specialist from abroad brought some thing.

in soviet times, this could have fallen under article 154 of speculation, that is, buying with the aim of selling for the purpose of profit, that is, a person consciously bought a thing, realizing that he would sell it and sell it at a higher price and sold it at a higher price. i not only bought jeans and not only sold the things that clara asked me to sell. i was a music lover, there was one with records. the story itself, that is, yes, the melodiya company released some licensed things, including publishing records by those performers who were there, let’s say, loved by me, but it happened, i don’t know, well, once every quarter,

once every six months, by the way, there was a very funny story when the melodiya company released a record by paul macartney, bento ondzeran. but since paying for a collection license or for a numbered album was a completely different order of money, they were the same.

not far from the record department, there was a department where records were sold, there was such a black market, that is , young people hung out there, they exchanged this vinyl, bought, sold, and often it was possible got there out of the blue, because let’s say

, i helped my friend lari sell goods brought from hungary, all this came to naught when, in fact, firstly, currency exchange was legalized in the country, and secondly, freedom to travel and trade appeared, this the shuttle movement, they began to bring things here, it was already organized, in general , the end of times had come, it was a podcast chronicling the end of times, and i, evgeniy dodalev, told you about

the culture of soviet black marketeers, this is the easy money podcast, i am its host, mikhail khanov, and today we are studying how much money it takes to give birth, raise, raise a child, give him an education, well, most importantly, probably after all. how much does it cost to raise two children, three, how benefits from the state will help with this, in fact, the topic is very complex, and sofya lyalikova will help us understand it , hello, sofya, sociologist of the russian academy of sciences, employee of the institute of socio-economic problems of the population. hello, sophia, how can i approach this topic without breaking my head, i apologize for such a simple language, but still. in fact, when i heard. the key question of our program today, it also puzzled me, because really, how can one evaluate

parental love for children and in what equivalent can it be translated, and so on. in fact, when we talk about money in the context of a family, we must understand that we are not talking about multimillion-dollar investments in our child or in our children, but we are talking about creating the most favorable conditions for the fulfillment of the needs for children, each of us has a certain level of values, including we roughly imagine how many children we would like to have in the future, we meet a partner, and when we communicate with him we understand whether our attitudes coincide or not, then on the fulfillment of the needs for children that we have already developed under the influence of our life experience, family values, and so on, are already influenced by material conditions. if we are talking about barriers that prevent the birth of children, then there are just a huge number of research agencies, they study these reasons that allow... us to refuse the birth of a child or postpone it for a certain, and sometimes even indefinite period. so, in

all these ratings, it is material difficulties that win. next, with less popularity, come housing conditions, but this is a tandem of two key barriers to which family and demographic policy measures need to be directed in order to support children of families with different numbers of children. well, let's figure it out gradually, because in principle. you asked two main ones vectors around which, i think , our dialogue today will be conducted, how important it is even to take my , say, grandparents there, the post-war time when...

yes, this is love, this is life, procreation, being there people on earth , in my opinion, why now the emphasis has shifted , let’s go back to the first reason, why now the emphasis has shifted specifically to the material component, will we be able to afford or will we not be able to have a child, that’s where it came from and is it so?

food, 30 to 25% is distributed between medicine, toys and high-quality technology, the child does not need expensive toys, he does not need expensive railways, he does not

need any supermodels, you take the elementary ones glued together from beads, from reels, from some boxes. some, i don’t know, elements of a construction set and by playing with it, we show how it can be played, the child is happy and he gets emotions precisely in movement and activity, rather than by giving him some expensive electronic machine, but he lost 2 minutes with her i forgot now the current fascination of young people with gadgets, i believe that this is a pure flaw of the parents, because when we say, well, they got away with it, they don’t socialize and so on, nothing like that, if you...

a component of the child, yes, how much does it cost to have a child, how much does it cost to raise, educate, and how much are you willing to spend your strength, emotions and your, well, your time, in the end, on children, sociologists do not look at the situation from this point of view, your child is certainly lucky if you have there is time for then to come up with interesting games, to lure him into the process of such joint activities, joint games, because today the concept of this... parenthood, which is the most popular and the image of a family is a dad who earns money, especially if we are talking about moscow, for example , and a mother who is more able to devote her time to children, it is not necessary that she should not work , be there on maternity leave, and so on, she may have a flexible schedule and be able to spend more with her children time, but nevertheless, the burden on a woman

today is quite large, so there is not always quality time in the game... incentive programs, you give this emphasis, which costs, perhaps, instead of huge benefits, this is also important, maybe it’s worth carrying out some kind of ideological work with parents, with future ones, and

raising children already in schools in such a way that the most important thing is not material investments in the child, just those temporary human ones, there is no such thing, there is no such tendency, let’s say , i understand what you mean say, in fact, today we cannot talk about mutually exclusive things, either this or that, we are talking about the material. combine this, well, that is, i’m actually getting to the point that, uh, you know, like friendship, like love, also raising children is a very big job, hard and

serious, in fact, if parents don’t are ready for this, yes, if the children turn out to be accidental, and if the children turn out to be for the sake of benefits, to what extent, by the way, this is also a question, probably an interesting one, to what extent parents, perhaps, have begun to indicate when in studies, in surveys, that they had a child for the sake of... maternity benefits for the second or have they not stooped to that level yet? listen, well, this is actually a really interesting question, no one will answer it directly for you, respondents, and i ’m talking about them, our level of benefits is so low that no one dares for the sake of such benefits, well, what is the level of benefits now, it’s 5000 for the first child, but we are talking about maternal capital, it played its part when it was introduced. in 2006 our birth rate increased, but it increased due to several factors, but including the support provided by the maternal one, it was 250,000, yes it is indexed, of course, but

scientific researchers, when they developed this concept, in particular representatives of the familistic school, under the leadership of anatoly ivanovich antonov, they have been doing this since the seventies question, they said that at the starting point, maternal capital, family capital. as it should have been called, it should have been about 10,000 dollars, from this figure what remains is that today we have maternity capital left for the first child, 589 thousand rubles, in my opinion, well , approximately yes, for the second a little more, if you received for the first, then it is reduced, then i don’t get it, because the figure is about 780, then there is me, if i got for the first, then for the second i get not 780, but a delta, but 189, it seems so, well, a delta. significantly, significantly less, let's say, but in general, essentially speaking, stimulating the first child was not very effective, because one way or another we have the level of family values ​​in our country, it is quite high, and

the vast majority will give birth to their first child, the question is how at what age they will do this, it remains open, such incentive measures, they do not work on the desire to give birth to more children, on the desire to speed up this process, but which one now average age, according to the study? when couples in russia get married, well, i don’t know, i understand, the average age of birth of the first child is about 29 years old in moscow, it is slightly higher, previously the most active reproductive cohort was from 20 to 25, now from 25 to 29 and we are gradually moving towards an increase, because our lifestyle is changing, additional opportunities are opening up, i’m not saying that this is bad or good, just the order of realizing a certain level. its values ​​change a little december - big-time hockey is a tradition that has remained unchanged for many years, the tournament we are waiting for, our team is back

on the ice, channel one cup, russia-belarus, on saturday, russia-kazakhstan, on sunday live broadcasts from st. petersburg. on the first, corn field i was walking, thoughts came into my head, so that i could find a bride, okay, smart, how do you think a cossack woman differs from other brides, a cossack woman is the one who has water in the carriage, is not afraid of anything, you will show and tell about kissing games , go! you take a tool, this wooden hammer, until you pound this clay until it becomes homogeneous, we have nonya. we are taking

the bride in order to divide her one braid into two, and now it will be your husbands, our premiere, we are playing a wedding, on sunday on first, a new season, this is when everything is new, you look and don’t recognize anything, everything will be new, the actors, the children, the costumes, the golden sofa, everything, everything, everything is golden, the stars are so happy. it will be great, there will be even more backpacks with sweets. the new season is when we did the renovation. it's like new year, only without santa claus. the show will be even better because i will be there. so that not everyone would clap, so that the presenter would say, you really are the best. best of all, new season, from

december 17. you're watching the podcast easy money, i its presenter is mikhail khanov, today we are discussing such a complex, diverse , multifaceted topic as giving birth and raising a child, how much it costs in our country, how much it should cost, how much it will cost, how much it costs to raise one, two or even three children . sociologists are not afraid of this shift in the time of birth of the first child, not to mention the second.

then they will give birth to another child, regardless of how many children they have, every tenth one only needs 15, so if we talk about what we have now there is a demographic problem, the total fertility rate is 1.4, which, well , just karau, let’s explain for our audience the coefficient, the total fertility rate or the so-called fertility rate is the coefficient that, well, let a woman have children

during her period actual age. suitable year of birth from 18 to 49 years old, if for the reproduction of the nation now on planet earth, this coefficient is 2.1, that is, relatively speaking, 10 women, if they give birth to a total of 20 21 children, then we are talking about the fact that the population of a particular country, yes, it is reproducing, the population is not decreasing, here again in russia this is a coefficient of one. also not far off, here are interesting figures in northern europe, these are the numbers 1.1, that is, for all those who are worried about what the presence of eighty-one genders will lead to when filling out an application for british citizenship, this will lead to the fact that all these 80 one sex will die out, only

two will remain, as it was originally or not, and what are the numbers here for our country, and not for good, i understand, well, for western europe, i would mention the experience of france, by the way, they have the highest, or rather the highest, one of the highest birth rates in europe, due to people from african backgrounds in france, i would not say , there is a fairly effective seed and demographic policy , including, but let’s talk about our country, you said that we potentially have such a problem, in fact, here i am... recently i literally looked at the statistics on nationalities, what is the contribution of each nationality in our country has an impact on fertility, in fact, data was carried out there up to 40 years of age, this is data from rosstat, when the reproductive

active age ends, and women, well, have realized what they managed to do, russian women give birth 1.4 , yes, that is , mostly one or two children, but imagine the rest. caucasus, gypsies give birth to more than three children in our country, ingush, chechens, avars and so on, but here i can proudly, as the father of four children, consider myself even higher than gypsies, yes, well, this is a great experience when we are talking about this line of 2.1

children, we are talking about the fact that in order for the population of a particular country not to increase, each woman must give birth to two children and almost decrease, but remain at the same level. are subject to these values, then with the onset of a certain age, after 25, they reconsider their attitude, here i can confirm your words, because i observe this right here in my house, a picture, well, i don’t know, fortunately, unfortunately, well,

unfortunately of course, i still haven’t become a grandfather, my older girls give birth, like i’m kidding, cats and dogs mostly, but all the hope is for the younger ones, well, they too, well, that is , we’re looking at the situation, but for now there may be a son there who... is only 15 years old, maybe he will give grandchildren according to his father, so and i will just feel like a grandfather, not now, yes, now i still feel like a young father, but this is really consciousness, i can confirm to you that consciousness is changing, and i already, if i argued with the first ones there before, yes how can it be, yes, what about you, now i’m not arguing, i’m saying yes, yes, yes, they tell me they start talking about these stories about tea fries, awaken the positive, about something else, i say , yes, yes, yes, yes, of course, of course, of course, yes. i don’t even say this, why, why troll like that, that is, as i express myself in the language of my younger children, but i say: yes, yes, okay, yes, that is, a person must come to this himself, this is never, this is all done, well , i’ll repeat once again that if we want to raise our children so that they

look after us and give us, like this parable, and a glass of water when we die, yes, then we need to do it ourselves show them an example in this, because this is the only pattern that children read, this is the behavior of their parents, and here it’s really very... i’m glad that you said that research shows that consciousness and attitude towards the process is changing, returning to on the topic of money, let ’s fix it once again, that is, there are some minimum numbers, so we’re talking about what our audience can listen to us say, well, you’re sitting there, philosophize, but really, what are the numbers, yes, what are the numbers for really support, well, let's say, at least fill the lower level of the oil comrade's pyramid, but safety, food, physical safety. in fact, relatively speaking, where to live, we will return to this topic now, there are some figures per month on average for the regions, or if you take there, don’t take moscow and st. petersburg, but take some large cities there, there are some numbers, this is how much money is needed to

support those same two children with dignity, so that they go and do not feel disadvantaged at school in terms of clothing, yes, so that they eat normally , not fast food and hot dogs, this is the number together... uh-huh. well, in fact, in economics there are a huge number of indicators that allow you to measure this. in particular, i think everyone knows the cost of living per capita. it is also calculated. per child's soul, per child's soul, per soul of an elderly person, and what is typical is that working age accounts for 19% of this subsistence minimum, 97 for children, 86 for the elderly, and absolute figures, the absolute figures for this particular indicator are a little more than 14,000 rubles. 14,000 rubles is basically enough to live, well, i can’t say consume everything there? the delights of life, but at least not to profess

the theory that is now accepted in the west for secondary use, and not to climb through garbage dumps, persuading yourself that this is helping mother nature, and in consuming there full of what a person processes, even even think about it i don’t want to, we are talking about numbers that are established by law, so i voiced it, but if the state, then excuse me please, i’m interrupting again if the state is concerned about what needs to be increased. what figure is worthy of 25, 30 , there is movement in this direction, well, look, most families spend from 10 to 20 thousand per child per month per month, and with the average salary there being about 60, in my opinion in russia it is a little less. well , nominally listed in moscow, respectively, 110 thousand, but it is clear that this is

all very diverse from representatives there of one profession or another. this is the podcast easy money, i am its host mikhail khanov, today we are discussing the burning issue of how much it costs in our country to give birth, raise and educate one or even several children. you and i understand that the larger the commune. scientific foundation asked parents with many children whether this large

family is expensive? this question put them in a stupor, so wait, a family with children is expensive, then when you move from a small family with one, one or two children in a family, to a family with three children , four children and further, we don’t feel the difference, because the clothes remain from older children, now there are a huge number of points where mothers and fathers can exchange a... from which they grow, but in my practice, when i realized this for myself, that is, when i was born, the first girl was born, then i remember, i there, up to a dozen distances away , i calculated the temperature in the bathroom, there are some thermometers, almost the mineral content of salts, here is the second child, which means , uh, i already dipped my elbow in the bath, well, it’s not hot there, and here’s the third, when they bathed every day you just drink it with your hand, like water yes, it’s not cold, you can wash it normally, that’s the main thing that you can do. every day everything is fine, that is, here in this regard

you are more relaxed, that is, you don’t run around, that is , it’s always noticeable in schools when it’s an only child, that is, you come to a parent meeting, and there this wrangling begins, there flies, there's a mom , there's a vasechka, you come, you think, well, when will this end, but there you know a certain level of your children and are completely calm about it, this is what it is of course, so here’s another message to our audience: don’t be afraid to give birth to children, now it seems to you that you won’t have anything to support them, believe me. that this is the very incentive that will encourage you to earn more, move more, look for opportunities to earn money, believe that if you are a conscious parent, then you will find a way to earn this money, let's talk now about the housing problem, right here i’m like, i don’t know, cognitive dissonance, perception of the situation, with on the one hand, we say that we want families to give birth to more children and have more children, on the other hand...

our own, where is the way out? well, professor antonov often says that we do not have a problem of overpopulation in the world, we have a problem of concentration, and, accordingly, in agglomerations, in large cities, the population is huddled together. because key financial flows are concentrated here, there is an opportunity to earn money and so on, but in general, when we talk about a family with children, their need for their own home sharply increases, indeed, not just apartments with a separate room for children, at least to accommodate two children in these separate apartments,

so to speak, in fact, we asked as part of the sidozh study, how many square meters do you want for each family member, so that you feel yourself... where to turn around, to have a place to play, to organize a space for studying there should be living space per person, they need 28 square meters, so that there is also, because this is also really significant, i have a sister, they just bought it. a large apartment , one-room, as you say, small-sized, her first thought when she became pregnant was that, my god, will they take my child away from me, because my regulatory conditions do not meet the requirements that are established in okay, this is really a very important and significant problem, they talk about it, and research shows that

the most effective measures of family and demographic policy are the full repayment of mortgages for families and three or four large families. five children, and there are corresponding programs that have been developed, but for some reason they, well , seem to bypass them, so we seem to be talking about credit holidays for families with children, but in essence , these credit holidays are limited to what you can not to pay the principal amount, and you are obliged to pay interest, but we are talking about families with children, these are most often the initial stages of a mortgage, and well , the lion's share of this monthly payment is just interest, so essentially speaking it's just...

and additional clubs, additional education, the purchase of those notorious curtains for the classroom, well, by the way, not entirely true, this is a small share, but if we are talking about clubs that are outside of school, it ’s about 400 billion, approximately the same the same goes for related products per year, these are school

uniforms, textbooks, workbooks and so on, then there are tutors, and the most expensive age for a child is from 15 years. older, because there is an increasing need to attract additional teachers, and accordingly expenses for this are growing. this is a question, well , i have a practical answer to it, due to the fact that, uh, two girls are already there, have passed this age before graduating from university, the youngest has just entered, i understand very well what you say, that the maximum amount of expenses for a child. specifically from 15 to 18 years old, just about the approach, it’s interesting, here’s your point of view, as a scientist who deals with this, systematically has a large amount of data, and where is the line after which it’s probably correct, this is more of a question sociological, not material, that’s where the line is where...