literature in this legendary department of art history was in the history department was not in the history department, well, you know, i’m a bookish child, i grew up in history, in a situation without a tv, i simply didn’t have one, or rather , there was one, but it worked more like furniture, i’m a bookish child, i read avidly, i read everything, i read quickly, i remember, books should be at home for this, yes, yes, i had books at home, i was also enrolled in all the regional libraries that gave me books to take home, plus at some point i signed up for central children's library on oktyabrskaya, yeah. i read everything in a row, i

just had, well, it’s clear that there was a gentleman’s set of a soviet schoolboy, and kananda, gata christie, defo, dumas, kavilin, mainrit, which means fennimer cooper, that’s all, but besides this, because, all this literature, as a rule, is written in generally quite simple language, and is read very quickly. i read belkin’s stories for the first time, i was probably 12 years old, then i opened up to mikhailovich levnutov. something was remembered immediately, i remember poetry easily, but i liked something, i taught, i directly taught evgeniy anegin, do you remember anything , well, at least i remember, i remember the first 13 stanzas, before the stanza, we all learned a little, something, somehow, like education, before this strapha, yes, but negen, according to the leg, judging decisively, the most important thing is at the end of the first chapter, right?

he translated it into french, yeah, he told me how difficult it was for him to keep the aneguen verse when translating into french, but that’s it, or the size, and the strafa and the size are 14 lines each abba, but that’s all, this was difficult, the second story, i actually recommend doing this, a few years ago a new translation of eugene onegin into english came out, and stephen fry read it, even if you don’t speak english.

for years i was friends with one person, he is english, he studied in moscow, and he says: listen, lisa, i was always amazed by your love for english literature, well, i say, for example, he says, well, take stevenson, how mortal, well it’s impossible to read, i tell him, old man, stevenson wrote chukovsky marshak, well, in general, yes, you’re reading in the original, but i ’m reading what chukovsky translated, when you just look at the black arrow of...

the quality of it, if you throw out all these crazy plots of his, well, not counting the pickwith club, this everything is just such moralizing , you know, hogarth in prose, hogarth has a somewhat fashionable marriage, for example, or the fate of a milliner, this is dickens like hogarth in prose, i’ll just write it down, hogarth in prose, but dickens has an absolutely incredible description as he describes the same london, for example, yes or someone’s estate, it’s quite. very different from the description of the same jenusin, who writes very briefly, very clearly, well, it’s clear, it’s like pushkin turgenev, or dostoevsky turgenev, dostoevsky always describes me , the only film adaptation of dostoevsky that i really like is the film adaptation of the first part of the idiot pyryev, well, it’s understandable, because pyryev caught the most

important thing in dostoevsky, dostoevsky describes the world around him not with the help, but with plasticity and so on, but he describes with characters, that is, you read, you you are reading. there about prince myshkin, you understand in what world prince mishkin exists, well , wise philologists wrote volumes and volumes of works in order to formulate all this, and elizaveta lekhacheva understood this herself, being an art critic with a great understanding of literature, well, now in the middle our program, as usually happens, has an author's section, you of course remember that we do one of three things, either we show an old book, or we... comment on some quote from prose, or read and comment a poem, but today it’s an old book , and we play fair, i, as a museum worker , in no case ever bring museum objects here, of which there are many hundreds of thousands in the collection of our museum, but i simply bring books here from my own library, as if

they didn’t look like, here i have a book by polon grigoriev, which has its own history, here is the cover, as we see, this is a poem... it says here that alexander blok collected and provided notes, this is an important story, this is 1916 for the block too very dramatic, important, well, everything is important here, and the publisher, who is nekrasov’s nephew, is also a wonderful name, but the most important thing is that in history... the acceptance of different authors has different periods, well, for example, shakespeare was great after his death, and then in the 18th century, at the end of the 14th century, he disappeared, because that he did not fit into classicism, so the romantics discovered him again, apallon grigoriev, an absolutely brilliant man, not only a theater

critic who explained why velikostrovsky, but a poet who seemed to have been completely forgotten, suddenly out of oblivion, completely... stands very big important poet, one short poem: we parted, whether we will meet again, and where and how we will meet again, god knows, but i have lost the habit of knowing, and it has become unhealthy for me to dream, to know and not to know, does it really matter, the future is inexorable strictly, as usual, we parted a long time ago, and knowing that, i know too much, the belief is that knowledge is a disaster. “we are growing old very quickly in our fast age, so on the night of the sentence the condemned sits forever, here there is the coinage of a shakespearean sonnet, and here there is that very gypsyism that grigoriev was the apal of glorious, in a word, this book meant

the rebirth, almost from oblivion, of the wonderful russian poet apollo aleksandrovich grigoriev, since then his popularity has not waned, it is now being published ." a multi-volume collection of works, maybe you too, our respected interlocutors, will pay attention to him. a new myth about old leopards . ukraine will receive about 100 leopard-1 tanks next year. they are trying to get rid of them, and the best way to get rid of them is to transfer them to ukraine. all nato tanks have absolutely problems with side armor. i was surprised to learn that the holy roman empire was allegedly destroyed by ukrainians. bohdan khmelnytsky. in his station wagons he called to follow in the footsteps of his glorious ancestor adaacre. adaakra most likely was a german and was the leader of a gang of mercenaries. antifake. premiere, tomorrow on the first. decorating clothes with flowers, overloading them with all sorts of details -

this does not mean creating fashion. but making a dress based on just one line is a real art. the art of an artist, the future of my craft related to the spiritual side of things, people are no longer willing to serve as clothes hangers, is there a difference between a male fashion designer and a female fashion designer, only you can judge that. fashion is a game where anything can happen to anyone. matodor - high fashion. on friday on the first. what do you think about the world of fashion? perhaps this is an even more magical world than mine. well, now

again to lisa, to our wonderful conversation about the postponed topic of the museum, we’ll move straight on, well, relatively recently you took over such a museum of museums, and a museum of fine arts. names and please tell me, is this the whole story?

we have exactly the same relationship with ancient greece. russia is part of european culture, and we are related to, say, france or germany, so he collected these casts all over the world, not only did they become originals, because the originals died, well, as if they did not become originals, but they perform a function, they now perform the function of originals, moreover, some of them still serve as sources of restoration, which means the second a very important point, that unexpectedly for him...

the portico goes up, which means you go into the egyptian lobby, which is made in the egyptian style, you go through a pink staircase, you have a greek courtyard on your left side, an italian courtyard on your right side, this one the logic is that on your left side you have greek antiquity, and classicism, and the corner of the prophenon, and it was not a trivial task to push the corner of the prophenon in life size, which means into the building, which is in berlin and on your right side to the italian courtyard...

and art is a consolation for a person from all troubles, i didn’t know that either, forgive my ignorance, in my opinion, this is very important, this formulates tsvetaev’s concept in relation to the museum, and what a museum is, naturally , that this museum , which is conceived as a hyptotheque, already at the stage of its opening grows into the egyptian collection, which the king buys and transfers it to the museum of fine arts, and he buys it... a beggar, and then suddenly one collection of already genuine

monuments, no copies, no casts, then a painting collection appears when it is disbanded, after tsvetaev’s death the rumyantsev museum is disbanded , the western european collection comes and we want to make a big exhibition about it, which means then the shchukin and morozov collection appears, which is divided between the hermitage and pushkin museum, yeah. gradually the museum becomes for itself this not just a retrospection already in tsvetaev’s concept, but it becomes so gradually universal i like the idea of ​​these two inscriptions to me do not come from...

art history, and this is also a rebirth, by a person who determines the direction of absolute neo-romanticism, such an outflow of classical european culture, which the hermitage is different, here the hermitage is the collection of the tsar, well, yes, this is a completely different story, why exactly not pushkin, everyone asks me about it. 100 years since the death of alexander sergenvich pushkin , the council of ministers unexpectedly decides to rename the museum of fine arts and give it the name of alexander sergenvich pushkin, but this is really the year thirty-seven , moreover, on our portico on the left side, not on the colonnade, but when you go up to the portico, on the left side hangs an excerpt from the decree, why exactly

pushkin, there were a lot of strange things things when his companion suddenly decided to unexpectedly celebrate the centenary of the day. somewhat, because i have a book at home that my great-grandfather bought, it’s a thick volume that i read as a child, with the spine torn off long ago, but which my mother read, then i read, now here are our dear interlocutors, you can’t talk about texts that you haven’t held in your hands, you’ve only seen or heard, but we… recognize books in conversation, and books that have been published, well, this is the beginning of the 20th century, the very beginning, no, this particular book that i’m talking about now, this is the book that was published in 1930 for the centenary, but i just know which one, here it is with an embossed portrait on the profile cover, and i read little tragedies there, i i read evgeny negin there, i read

gypsies there, the only thing i didn’t read there, i didn’t read pushkin’s fairy tales there, yeah, pushkin’s fairy tales, well, probably just before.

here i have a question: to what extent is the house of the text in the form in which it was conceived necessary for the museum? it seems to me that this idea has not been thought through, not fully formulated, if you like, so we will formulate it calmly , now even now, in fact, we are doing this, this is an important aspect of our activity, you see, what’s the matter, returning to the first question about art critics, for most people art critics are people who, for some reason determined by unknown criteria, this is good, this is bad, this artist is a genius, the vasaris look and say,

returning to the home of the text, in the form in which it seems to me it was intended, it needs to be a little not even adjusted, but rethought , but it is possible, of course, well, this is terribly important, of course, because i would like the manuscripts to be shown and , perhaps, not in the form in which it was originally invented, but so that the home of the text, primarily the art historical text, text about art, this is not always the same thing, yes, of course, of course, here are the best texts, the texts about art are very good, do you know from goeth? marx, oddly enough, marx yes, but goeth’s is simply wonderful, goethe has one brilliant quote, it goes like this: if you have ever been

to italy and especially to rome, you will never be able to be completely unhappy again, this is how you can formulate a person’s need for art, being a poet, this is another formula from likhacheva, because goeta titan, color theory, yes. he contributed to absolutely everything, yes gyot, goeths - this is certainly true, if alexander sergeevich pushkin in russia, goeths in germany, yes, of course, but he and we sometimes forget about it, he is an amazing lyrical poet, the most beautiful italian dancer, when my daughter began to teach, like any soviet child, for me, the german language is the language of the enemy, after all, we were brought up on soviet films about the great patriotic war, and of course i was always interested in what poetry sounds like in german. this is an incredibly beautiful

language, i didn’t expect it, to be honest, it’s beautiful language, i must say that i also did not expect, although i know and love and am friends with liza likhacheva, i honestly did not expect that liza judges so amazingly subtly, do you judge literature? and today we had a wonderful guest, or rather a guest, i sincerely thank the director of the state museum of fine arts named after alexander sergeevich pushkin, elizaveta stanislovna likhacheva for today’s conversation. thank you, lisa, see you, our dear interlocutors, i, as always, enthusiastically and clearly pronounce my motto, read with with pleasure, dear friends.

greetings, this is a podcast chronicling the end of times, and today i, evgeniy dodolev, will tell you about fartsovka, because fartsovka originated exactly in the year of my birth in 57 , when the sixth international student youth festival was held in moscow. what is a forging? forging is the process of purchasing from foreigners or from people who traveled abroad, soviet citizens, scarce things, especially clothing accessories. currency traders are often called millers, but currency traders are still a separate article, this is the elite, let’s say, the forcing, why, because they were punished for the currency, it was the eighty-eighth.

why i don’t consider currency traders to be traders, the rokototov case is very noisy, this is when, before finishing with this topic, i should explain, several currency traders, very famous people who bought foreign currency from foreigners and then resold it, here one nuance is of course very significant, it is necessary to clarify, that the official exchange rate of the ruble to the dollar was set by the state, and it did not have nothing to do with the real situation,

that is, then in... while on the black market the dollar was worth much more, that is , i don’t know how much it cost in the fifties, sixties, seventies, but i just remember when and i began working as a journalist, that is, the mid-eighties, a dollar cost 4 rubles on the black market, then 5 rubles and... by the end of the existence of the soviet union, it had already reached 10-15 rubles on the black market. the official exchange rate remained less than the ruble. therefore, naturally , foreigners were very tempted to sell currency in order to be able to buy something for rubles, sell currency on the black market, this was done by currency traders. another thing is that why forging is connected with currency, because the fortsers, or as they

were called. in slang , that’s what they called themselves, by the way, irons, they first started with buying things or some kind of items, even equipment, and then moved on to the most delicious and most dangerous currency trading, because there, of course, there is exhaust was much more significant, so here's the thing rokotov, but several currency traders were convicted , the most seasoned one, who was yan rokotov, they... were given 8 years, as far as i remember then, and nikita sergeevich khrushchev, when he was in west berlin on a visit, he learned from journalists and from people, with whom i communicated that there is a very large-scale black market in moscow, and that they were interested, they just asked him about this rokotov and he was outraged by the fact that in general there are some people who break

the laws, like... whom know in the west, when he returned to moscow, he demanded that they they toughened the punishment, they were given a term of 15 years , but even this seemed insufficient to khrushchev, some workers from some factory supposedly, well , we know how all this was done, that is , they wrote a letter, which he voiced at some regular plenum, and this was replicated in party newspapers, they were outraged that... how can this be, there are people who disgrace socialism, the country, they are only 15 years old, they must be shot, and he demanded that capital punishment was applied , this trio resisted on the part of lawyers, because that’s not how it’s done , well, let’s say you’re crossing the street at a red light, well, you know that you’re taking a risk , you could be hit by a car, in extreme cases you ’ll be fined, i don’t know what the fine is, just

imagine, you’re crossing street. what they could face was 8 years, but here they were taken and shot, and they even shot that accomplice rokototov, who collaborated with the investigation, gave evidence, generally helped the investigation in every possible way, in general, for any lawyer this is generally a disgrace, and khrushchev is very much put pressure on the prosecutor general the soviet union, to rudenko, said that your position is not for life, in general, that this is required... a measure, by the way,

ironically, rudenko was the only prosecutor general in our country who remained in his position until the day of his death , that is, he has a position, he said. lifelong , well, okay, the song is not about him at all, in short , it was a very big bems, they wrote a lot in the west, in the west even in my opinion, then they issued some kind of commemorative coin in honor of jaan rokototov somewhere and almost not monuments were unveiled, it turned out to be an ugly story, so i won’t talk about currency traders , the most famous forger i knew was yuri shmillich azenshpis, but i didn’t know him as a currency forger, because he served time, he was... under these articles, for a total of 17 years, as a music producer, i already talked about him, but i didn’t tell him in the context of blackmail, he told me the most interesting things, because i honestly thought that blackmailers were these irons,

they ironed uh along the old arbat, they ironed along lines e guma, they ironed in tstsum, in the children 's world and in general in those places where... they traveled abroad and could bring them to order, and if you managed to buy jeans, well, in general, you are already a fashionable guy, as if

they bought belts and watches there, you could dress from head to toe, there were different groups of people selling, the western ones stood apart, working with them, relatively speaking , let’s say, the elite of the tailoring industry, which was also divided there according to this or that on the other hand, the alers were the name given to the italians, and the alers were also the name given to the force workers who worked with italians, these were most often southerners who looked like italians , by the way, for some reason there were no girls among the forging workers, that is, they were probably there somewhere, but these are just a few, they sometimes they helped, for example, formers to get into this or that hotel under the guise of... guides or translators, that a girl pretended to be a translator, formers pretended to be foreigners, there were some very interesting schemes, i won’t go into it, because i want to talk about forming, as a driver and

in general, the fashion industry, that is , as shapers, as trendsetters, because it is they who are guided by their taste, what exactly to buy and what exactly to keep for themselves, and to sell, they to a large extent... they just put labor somewhere book, because, of course, they made money from blacksmithing , raised, as they say, very serious money, and the force worker earned more in a day than at his official place of work, say, in a month, and i

don’t know anything at all about blacksmithing in sixties and seventies in age, except, perhaps, for one about gamshchiki, gamshchiki are the lowest level of shaping, these are youngsters, somewhere starting from almost preschool age. junior classes, who exchanged badges for chewing gum, chuin gum, gum, gum, that’s why they were called gum people, not that these badges that they offered to foreigners were in short supply, they could not be bought, they could be bought, but in -firstly, it was necessary to know the places, and secondly, in fact there was no time, a foreign tourist was brought there with an excursion there on a bass, as this is the slang of the black marketeers, that is, on a bus, they brought , for example, to the same vdnkh, where they were... admiring something and walking around, when a guy comes up to you, he has a whole one there an iconostasis of a variety of badges , not rarities, that is, there are not some tamismatic valuables, ordinary badges, including pioneer badges, plastic,

metal, which could be bought at any kiosk, they also offer banners, the banner cost 3 rubles, i remember, for 3 rubles could be in sports to buy a banner, the banner simply went to uranium on the banner. you could get jeans, say, exchange them with us for jeans, and jeans, well, at least cost 30 rubles. there was no official article for blackmail, until... until 1987, when the end of times actually came and this story was generally ending, then norm 164.3 was introduced, this is a ban on foreigners, that is, the word fortsovka did not appear there for harassing foreigners, that is, for this, the foreigner had to complain that he was molested, the person could be detained and punished a fine of up to 200 rubles. it was a decent amount. until the end of the eighties, this was commensurate

with the monthly salary of a soviet employee, but they were not punished for farting at all, but people still generally bought it as if they were turning their heads around, it all happened very quickly , they did not want to attract attention, let alone to try on this thing, it ’s not even, well, there was no conversation about it, and a person could buy it and the size really didn’t suit him, because it wasn’t even possible, let’s say the same... jeans to get and look on them, they were just in a bag , you could see the size there, and jeans, poles, in my school era, sold for 30 rubles, and then the price rose already during my student days, when, relatively speaking, i was, well, almost a farce for 150 rub. why i was almost a black marketeer, because i had a magyar friend klara, we were in... friendly and romantic relationships

for 2 years, she asked me, through my friends, to sell things that her hungarian friends brought to moscow, where is she i studied, but i don’t think there was this whole purchase, i definitely didn’t have this money, i just took, well, what is it called on commission, that is, i took all sorts of jeans, all sorts of sweaters, some sneakers and offered it to his... such then, by the end of the seventies, the beginning of the eighties, even in the early eighties, rather, yes, on the black market, good american jeans cost 180 rubles. the democratic brothers, as they were called, these were poles, hungarians, czechs, sold for about 150 rubles, that is, there was a margin somewhere... 30 rubles from one pair of trousers, unfortunately, very often

there were slips, not only slips of this kind, when a person bought in a hurry quickly and quickly, one of the things, it did not suit him in size, and he then sold it, risking getting under investigation speculation, because if they had gotten to the bottom of it, they would have said that this thing actually costs that much, there would... be some kind of official examination, an assessment that this thing should be worth that much, but you sold it for so much, they say that there have been such cases, i have never heard of this from anyone i know i haven’t heard, but romanians and not only romanians - this is what they practiced, they cut jeans in half, took one leg in a bag , sold it as whole jeans, then sold the second leg for the same amount, the person ended up with this one leg , which may not fit... in size, but he couldn’t

give this trouser leg to anyone, he had only one way, to get his money back, this again, this is to scam someone, that is, to sell this one again trouser leg like whole jeans, respectively, in in general, crime arose in every possible way, because this was already fraud, it could already have been a showdown, it didn’t just come down to jeans, very often they bought, say, a carton of cigarettes , took out a loose pack from there... they gave these cigarettes, i don’t remember how much for a pack soviet-made or bulgarian -made, a lot of bulgarian cigarettes were sold in kiosks, they were sold later, well, it was also a scam in its purest form, that is, they sold bulgarian cigarettes under the guise of american prestigious ones, that is, crimes there was a lot around this, especially since many criminal elements were involved in these schemes. well, first of all, prostitutes, that is, currency prostitutes or prostitutes

who worked with foreigners, naturally, they also bought some things, were also involved in sales, taxi drivers who drove foreigners, tour guides, all these people were one way or another, they were involved in this activity, semi-legal and sometimes illegal, in order to get a job in a hotel as a tourist, or in a national or... some other maid job, you need it was possible to give a bribe, well, commensurate with the cost of the car, because when the maid got a job, she got... access directly to the bodies of foreigners before the irons got to them, that is, the blackmailers on the street, in addition, the maids collected things that, in fact, many of the foreign guests , we are talking primarily about western ones, simply

threw away, for example, tights with a hook, it was all included, it was all sold, right down to some, i don’t know, boxes of packaging, something... then this, relatively speaking, some kind of half-chewed chewing gum, well, i’m exaggerating , of course, but this all came into play, well, i wanted some beautiful clothes, that is, in general - when young people want to dress fashionably, or at least well, it’s generally easy understand, this is a chronicle podcast: the end of times and i, evgeniy dodalev, tell you about the subculture of soviet black marketeers. it’s an interesting phenomenon, because in fact , the former workers had their own subculture in the soviet union, because there were people there who pretended to be people from that country,

which they specialized in, for example, the italians were called ira. they dressed like italians because they bought these things from italians more. by the way, they were accepted by operatives, or whoever was hunting for them, there were all kinds of vigilantes there, they were mistaken for foreigners because they looked, they could speak fluently enough in the specialized language, in that let’s say, those who worked with aloriro in italian, those who worked

with the finns, well, mostly of course, leningrad, and tallinn and countries in general baltic states, respectively. there they had a different specialization, they looked different, dressed differently, communicated differently , they had their own slang, their own places, parties, i don’t even know if this phenomenon is described somewhere, it’s just these are my own observations, which i remember from that time on, because throughout my student years i lived in the southwest, 156 leninsky prospekt, the last building on leninsky prospekt next to the hotel - fireworks on one side, on the other . the institute was located i don’t know how the girls now, at that time, where students from western countries studied russian, so there, as a young man

, i met a lot of italian acquaintances there , american women, by the way, my first trip abroad took place at the invitation of clara , after she had already studied in the soviet union, went to hungary, she invited me to her hometown of kecskemet, hungary, and i arrived there, she met me in the capital in budapest, and you know where she took me first, she took me not there not to bridges to look at from across the danube, not at some architectural masterpieces, no, she took me to macdonalds because...

well, except for those who grew up in the west and uh , no one perceived the former among my compatriots, among those compatriots with whom i communicated , no one perceived those students as people who would imitate something, many envied them, well, the fact that they were well dressed, in general, well, one could envy them, because here you buy some thing . under it you get better or lose weight, so that fit into her, but in general they had a choice, they bought jeans in their size, sneakers in their size, there was no need for a leg.

they listened to the same music, they liked the same things there, they just had a lot more of them there than i did, overall it was a good company, if you don’t take it, if you don’t think at all about the nature of their craft, although to be honest , i was in my student years and this craft never seemed shameful, well, people , people work, people, if they iron , bomb, iron, that means, because they spread, and... the process of purchasing goods was called directly, by the way, the work was

risky only at the first stage, when people were really afraid to get into the field of view in some base, because apparently the operatives had some kind of bases, if a person was caught, he was entered into this database as a person engaged in an occupation that was unworthy from the point of view of the system, although from the point of view of modern realities, this is just a business, a person chose this occupation for himself, that’s how he earned money, when this fear was overcome, then only then, in fact , what can they do to you, if you don’t plunge into all these currency frauds and you don’t face a real sentence and real pressure, then you actually risk nothing except showdowns with competitors , because the farcists had their own designated zones there, and... but in any case, it was somehow regulated, if a person entered this territory, if you did not bring him, he

would appear on the site without a recommendation in one area or another, then they could there could be all sorts of showdowns, the most harmless thing is when a person was simply handed over to the police, they could, by the way, plant something else, there was a rather noisy story that was talked about in moscow about a vigilante who, during this... some ... then the raid, ah, recognized his former classmate, began to collaborate with him as, first, an assistant in forging, then became a much more serious figure in this business than his mentor, and uh, he cleared the clearing for his mentor , he handed it over, throwing him some currency, that is, he was imprisoned, he cleared a clearing, and... then he came out and after serving time he killed his comrade, or his sister killed him, i

don’t remember these details now, but these stories were told as if, after all, this was business - so, well, difficult, where, because where there is big money, there can be big troubles, in addition, there was such a danger as registration, it was such an informal group, they were called lyubera, these are guys from the moscow region, not necessarily from lyubertsy, they were just dubbed lyubera, but in general it’s from any district of the moscow region - the boys could come - they were called urla, er - they could either physically...