foreign foreign support, influence, i don’t remember any historians really emphasizing this in a negative way, that they contributed to putting her on the throne, in general, it’s interesting with peter ii, on the one hand, he’s a man, well , the traditional point of view, yes, that he’s kind of empty, in general, a rather pathetic ruler, and this is largely true, on the other hand, he was a very active ruler, he tried to delve into. wanted to fight with denmark for the holstein lands, and for this he tried to bring out of this danish campaign from russia the guard, the guard did not want to leave st. petersburg at all, and even more so on some campaign for...

what could it be, fortunately by chance, on the initiative of elizabeth's former confidants , the famous manifesto on the freedom of the nobility was adopted, according to which the nobles received the right not to serve, the most important, by the way, the most important document, which catherine would later develop into a charter of the nobility, the coup was planned, planned almost immediately after his accession to the throne, catherine had this in her head, about that, that a coup was possible even under elizabeth, so to speak, chancellor bestuzha had been testing the waters. but

he had been a bit hasty, nevertheless catherine did not abandon her plans, especially after peter, at a dinner in honor of the conclusion of peace with prussia, insulted her, she refused to drink his toast standing up, accordingly he shouted "fool" to her right across the table in front of foreigners, in front of the courtiers, and even wanted to arrest her, but he was dissuaded from this at the last moment, in general peter ii was informed about the danger of a coup, he simply did not take it seriously, he did not take many things seriously, including this, when... this distinguishes the palace coup as a result of which catherine came to power from previous russian palace coups. after the overthrow, peter, who showed weakness of will, who refused to resist, he tried to flee to kronstadt, then he said that kronstadt had already been captured.

the state, but the state disaster happened, we were drunk, and he also argued with prince fyodor, boryatinsky, before we could separate him, he was already gone. there is a version that he died still, in a natural way, but this is only one of the versions. and we continue our historical podcast, today our topic is catherine ii. here is an interesting point, she did not just learn russian well, she spoke it brilliantly, she had a brilliant command of this language and... she became one of the leading writers of that time and wrote, what she did not write, plays, and articles, and fairy tales, and parables and so on, and it is interesting that even in these fairy tales and parables, there is an element of this catherine's philosophy, in this regard, she was, well, in my opinion, she was continuer, in this case, of the views of peter the great, because... philosophy, yes,

it must be said that catherine, she herself admitted this at the end of her life, that she was not an original thinker in general, if you look at her notes, written a year before her accession to the throne, then we will see there an absolutely, one might say, utopian, ideal picture, she writes there that she wants to do only good on the throne, that she wants to eradicate despotism in russia, she wants to free the serfs from...

through practical management, so to say, she said, called russia my little farm, here is another thing that distinguished them, if peter believed that a european shoe should be put on a russian foot,

then wear it no matter how painful, then catherine very often, she tried to fit this shoe. and so on, actually, of course, the delegates themselves, who worked assembled, so to speak, elected on the order, they, of course, considered this the work of catherine herself, but catherine herself in correspondence with foreign friends, she said that i just got dressed,

like the fable of the crow, dressed in winged swans. in terms of content, this order was, of course, by western standards, the most advanced, or what?

not only of different classes, even of some individual clans. the reason for the termination of the commission's work were the warriors, the wars with turkey, and then, of course, the pugachev rebellion. and in connection with pugachev, of course, a special problem arises. the rebellion frightened catherine, the rebellion frightened the russian nobility. and, if we remember, when pushkin tried to write, wrote, yes, the history of pugachev. forced it to be renamed nicholas i wrote the title like this: the history of the pugachev rebellion, because a rebel cannot have his own history. why pushkin is important here is because pushkin considered this event as one of the key events in the history of the 16th century. pushkin , of course, had a very serious

historical sense. and this event shook russia and became, on the one hand, a reason for further reforms. and on the other hand, of course, a reason to tighten the screws and finally abandon many. this is a separate topic, but i would still note, well just briefly, literally in a nutshell, well , the fact that the rebel... undoubtedly, the fact that, first, the pugachevites drowned in blood, so to speak, many landowners, then the landowners drowned in blood, many rebels, this is a fact, and this is a terrible story, but it is also curious, what, actually, what goals did pugachev pursue, well, yes, at first, actually, the idea was simple, to loot more, then with this... the loot to go to turkey, let's say, but then a different geography and other

intentions appeared, this is very curious, because the idea of ​​going to the capital to petersburg had already arisen, and if we sum up some separate manifestos, because there is no separate general document, but there were a lot of manifestos that were distributed. so there was an idea of ​​such a utopian, naturally, idea of ​​such a creation of the cossack people's power of the cossack state. catherine generally made fun of herself, calling her own legislative activity the laws of madness. she wrote about herself: "oh, the poor woman will either die or bring her work to an end. in letters she writes to foreign correspondents, that's the story." evgeny anisimov gives this as an example, that she works a lot, how wonderfully she scribbles and scratches, again such

pseudo-samoroniya, manifestos, decrees, and this is such self-promotion, she, of course, expected praise for her hard work, it was real hard work, and even before coming to the throne, she studied european encyclopedias, studied multi-volume historical works, made up her own framework, uh, check she was certainly hardworking, but really... here are the documents that have been preserved cabinet of catherine ii, these documents show her truly incredible diligence and desire not only to reform the state machine, but to create, so to speak, a legislative building, which she did to a large extent, for example, the provincial reform after the pugachev uprising, the country was divided, that is , in fact, there was chaos in local government, on the one hand there were remnants from before the times of peter the great, peter's decrees, there was no system, she with... created a system that existed until the fall of the russian empire, in some elements even passed into

soviet times, the country was divided into 50 governorates, well then there were 48 governorates, two governorates of moscow and st. petersburg, then paul i will rename, simply rename the viceroyalty back into governorates, as under peter. the oberpolicemeisters were appointed at the head of the administration in moscow and st. petersburg, respectively , each governorate is headed by a governor. appeared just under catherine, because sometimes there was not even

a worthy contender for the regional center in some region, she nevertheless appointed someone, and as time has shown, well, 99% of these new cities took advantage of their, so to speak, new privileges and grew into really large cities, yes, this was thanks to, including...

when i read that you wrote komarova, i was very surprised, i was sure that this was something very popular, very ancient, yes , three or four. for a week, on saturday on the first, in the new season on the first, rumors about this crime are already circulating in the city, wherever you go, they say everywhere, women are lured into taxis shoot in the back, i wanted to ask you about your find, this knot seemed

very massive, although it was easy enough to pick up. you have been awarded a great honor, moles, honor and trust of the reich, remember this, after the war i was looking for my son's comrades, i was interested in what happened there at the end of the war, and anything could have happened there , if you don't have any photos, it's strange, where are they, they were here, oh my god, how similar he is to my son, you are the only real witness, the only person he came to openly. well, major, has the hunt begun? confrontation, premiere of the legendary book by yulian semenov. this is a historical podcast russia-west swing of history. today we are talking about catherine the great. we have already

mentioned that she corresponded with many french thinkers and so on. and dedro, let's say, yes, here we remembered dedro, i must say that she demonstrated a very sober approach to everything, she listened to all this attentively, sometimes even rewarded for some advice and thoughts of these french figures, but at the same time she was very careful, diderot complained that many of his advices were wasted, so to speak, she listens, but...

she has to deal with a person, so she showed great caution in this case, and as for foreign policy, of course, but the catherine era was simply brilliant in this sense, so off the top of my head i remember only one point in her policy, which was criticized, including by almost all subsequent emperors, this is the division of poland, because as a result of the division of poland... appeared united germany, powerful and aggressive enough, then for several generations it was slacking off this problem, well, on the other hand, russia got such a peppered piece of the pie, because the uprising, the polish uprisings followed one after another, and this did not

strengthen, of course, the century, but by the way, it actually did not take the polish lands together with warsaw, alexander took it. yes, yes, yes, but nevertheless, yes, here, but in principle, of course, the policy was brilliant, outwardly, well, it is enough to remember the annexation of crimea, yes, for us it was the most important question, a famous note by potemkin, which was called the crimean project of 1782 and... potemkin in great detail in this note gives various arguments of those geopolitical benefits that russia would acquire by occupying this peninsula. here he writes: crimea by its position tears our borders. now suppose that crimea is yours, and that there is no longer this wart on the nose, here suddenly the position

of the borders is wonderful, by god, the turks border us directly. therefore the matter should to deal with us directly themselves, and not under the name of others. every step they take here is visible from the kuban side, and so on, navigation on the black sea is free, and then please argue that it is difficult for your ships to leave, even more difficult to enter, there he also gives economic arguments, he talks about a lot of things, including talking about the fact that, strictly speaking, the entire policy of the west, it is such... as little as i consider an ally, that is,

i count on an ally, so little do i respect the french thunder, or rather, the starlight, it must be said that catherine's plans to establish herself on the black sea, as it were, blossomed after the victorious for russia kyuchu karnadzhian peace treaty, according to which russia. very much strengthened to a significant extent, i think, saved from the danger of a palace coup, because there were attempts at the beginning, the reign of catherine, there was the khitrov conspiracy, for example, against the orlovs, but which

affected catherine, and there was the attempt of the lieutenant mirovich to put ivan vi on the throne, who was killed as a result, so that the danger was ian antonovich, ian antonovich, yes ian antonovich, of course, after this external political victory, especially after the annexation of crimea, yes, catherine, of course, strengthened her position on the throne. then she came up with a project, again connected with potemkin , to erect a cross over st. sophia, a greek, greek project, actually the destruction of the ottoman empire, then the ottoman empire, as the russian wars with it showed , was not the same as it had been before, sometime back in the late 18th century, even under peter, and it was no coincidence that she named her grandson konstantin, she wrote directly, that...

and this project was pushed back, of course, we remember potemkin from the potemkin villages in crimea, yes, which, well, this is a very murky story, in fact, really murky, very murky, i am not at all sure that there is truth in it, because the well-known sources, where all this came from, all the rumors and the like, so this is one of the elements of the information war of that time was against catherine, of course , we cannot cover the entire catherine era here, it is not the right format. but besides, we sometimes forget that the catherine era is different stages, it was a brilliant beginning,

an absolutely excellent continuation of catherine's maturity, unfortunately, a rather sad, so to speak, end of the catherine era, because here we will have to remember both the corrupt and depraved court, and...

you can watch all the episodes of the historical podcast russia-west on the swings of history on the website of the first channel 1tv.ru.

hello, this is a psyche podcast and we continue to collect the puzzles of our lives, trying to find the formula for happiness that everyone dreams of it, or at least tries to do it. our heroine today, anastasia, lived quite a happy and prosperous life. she was, well , a hired office worker. she had a stable salary, but an annual bonus, everything that is due to those who work for hire, stable, good, constant, with moderate nerves, but in any case predictable, but this was not enough for our heroine, at some point she decided to change her quiet, calm office life for freelancing,

many of us, in fact, dream about... it seems that oh my god, what freedom, how cool, how great everything is, all fate, all our decisions are in our hands, but anastasia faced such challenges that she generally did not think about, let's try to figure out whether she was psychologically ready to change such a format, whether each of us, well, according to our structure, according to our psychotype, is ready for what is called: freelancing. hello anastasia. and our expert today, psychologist, professor, doctor of cultural studies, andrey zberovsky will help us. why did you decide to leave your usual places, there were several of them, as i understand, everything was fine, stable. and suddenly there was such a sharp turn. yes, i worked for hire for more than half of my life, in very large companies, and these are world

-class companies. i adapt quite well , i study very well, in particular, when covid started, and we switched to a remote work format, i even moved to dagestan for a year, that is, i worked and lived in another region, everything worked out, everything was great, probably the apotheosis of my career was the transition to moscow company and coming to moscow, and i myself was born in a small town in the tver

region, and it was something like, wow. i'm in moscow in a large company in a cool position, i was already working with managers, that is, this is such a significant growth, but i realized that it was as if there was less freedom, that is, i moved to another region and i really liked this regime, the opportunity to move, that is, not always sit in the office, in moscow there was this need to be as if 24x7 at work and ... i'm not ready to pay such a price for that the position is the functionality that i received, and it ended with the fact that at the end of september last year i went to project work on a freelance basis, but here - at first there was euphoria, as you said, freedom, sleep until lunch, some kind of free movement around the cities, and exhibitions and so on, but

it turned out ... that it was as if they weren’t waiting for me there, that is, when you have a hired job, a built-in regime, and built-in tasks, and here there is no team, i am alone, and i need to build marketing, there design a website, yes, something else to do, that is, i need a team, so now at the current moment i look at all this and think, and not to go back to hiring, because there is no result. that i wanted for myself, naturally in finances, and in order to organize a team, again finances are needed, that is, as if before going to this freelance it was necessary to gather people, consult with producers, coaches, i don’t know psychologists, sketch out a plan, a budget, little by little, maybe already switch from hiring to freelancing, well, that is, as if to take responsibility myself, yes from those bosses?

i don't go to work, when i worked in moscow, i went to work on one project, and this project was suddenly closed, that is , they literally tell me that tomorrow we finish work, and i then joked that i did not go freelance, but the work itself left me, that is , you can say, everything happened, the conditions of your stay at this job were just this project, yes, that is, there is no project, then there is no your position.

or continues his expertise, that is , the expertise that he accumulated on previous job or jobs, or a person completely changes his expertise, here's what was your idea of ​​​​your freelance, you are in a new expertise, that is, in a new skin, which requires quite serious, of course, well, changes in your life, or you continue the same set, so i recently worked, say, with a girl who was in large companies, worked as an hr specialist, yes, actually, there is a yoke. in general, everything worked out for her, because the expertise is the same, when a person changes expertise as a consultant, for example, true, yes, when expertise changes, this is exactly the high-risk situation, so what was your plan for expertise,

let's start with this, there was no plan, honestly, let's, there was no plan, i'm thinking now, perhaps, my activity, it is almost the same as what i did in companies, and... but i'm thinking how to formulate it, i probably took a step, not to the side, but expanded, that is, i was engaged, for example, in training, yes, now i carry out some greater number, well, actions, probably, in this regard, a larger number, training of personnel, yes, now it is a more in-depth work, well and accordingly, well, you didn’t look for these students, pupils of yours, right. you probably didn’t register them, you probably didn’t pay taxes for them, your task was to prepare a course and training, conduct it well, maybe test them there, that is, let’s fix it, that is, first, the expertise is the same, i understand correctly, if a person,

80% is the same, if a person maintains in mostly the same expertise, then the second important, the most important step is to sharply increase your recognition, sharply become a brand, because yeah. if before that you worked, say, in a company, and the company attracted people to you with its name, now you work for yourself, so when, say, the same experts come to me to consult there, is it possible to go freelance, guys, first you need to invest in a name, that is, so that you can go out, that is, when you separate, when you leave walls of your company, from its brand, you should be become brands, well, no less, maybe even more, so was there any preparatory work for the expansion of yours? there was no special work, the only thing, probably, that i can note, i began to be more active in social networks, and to show my life, to show myself as a person to show cases, some work with clients, well, everything that i can highlight,

for example, to show what i do and tell what i can be useful to others, an important question is in the volume of these actions, because unfortunately you are not alone in the market, probably, yes, they are too. these people also show something on social networks, so as a rule we say, guys, until you have dispersed your brand while still sitting in your company, please do not move to a new status, because while you are introducing people to yourself there, you will either run out of money, or run out of time, or run out of patience, and sometimes everything ends at once, yes, actually, that is why the second question is important here, a financial reserve to promote yourself, so that to become a brand, was there a large margin of safety or not, was calculated, well, and just spontaneously the transition happened, there was no plan, so i just like a frog churn milk into butter, that's probably what i would do and it seems to me, now we can already make the first conclusion, yes, that if you keep in mind the option

of going freelance, working for hire, then you need to prepare for this in advance, there having built a business plan, uh, having accumulated a financial cushion, having made a name - starting to make at least a name yes, because you, look, if only you were not ready for freelancing, what would you do if you didn’t want to freelance, you would most likely go look for another job, right, that is, another office, from one office to another, but... you take advantage of this situation, you read this sign of fate, it seems to you that you are absolutely both materially and professionally psychologically ready, just step into this icy ocean, in which there are so many opportunities, it is teeming with fish treasures, and there is also much that is unknown, and the first thing you don’t see is what’s there in 2 me, you can only do this calculate, they could have thought it through, but here you didn't think it through, it seems to me,

she started waving her arms, legs, she just floated out of enormous energy, yes, but what our heroine tells us, you remember at the very beginning, she says, i started sleeping until lunch and going to exhibitions, you know, like a child whose parents left, yes, yes, absolutely, a day of disobedience, yes, that's it, the adults left, now i'm free, so i can sleep until lunch and go to an exhibition, she wasn't scared, that's exactly what we're talking about, the psychological side, the aspect of this event, like... let's say, expectations, yes, if a person expected that working

as a freelancer would make life easier, then this is a big mistake, yes, a big illusion, for which people, as a rule, pay, and you need to understand that freelancing is an exit from the comfort zone, and moreover, such an exit is tough, sometimes you have to work two or three times more there, as if at the stage, i always say, people, if you go into freelancing, you are by your 30 years or 35 or forty, it doesn't matter how old, that is, to the point there is zero, yes, the beginning of a new life, if you are already kind of tired work, you've worked enough, you definitely don't need freelancing, because you'll have to work more there, but if you feel like i want to work, i want, i want, i want, i want, then of course you can, so what was it, what is your relationship with work, with your willingness to work, come on, what were your expectations, except for exhibitions and sleep, i'm just beautiful, money, money, money is falling. yes, in fact, you

were right about the plan, there was no plan, and - i'm thinking now, it would be great to start with you, just from this dialogue, the transition to variland, friends, before you are going to do something in life, please come to the psychic podcast, okay? this is the psychic podcast, today together with psychologist andrey sberovsky, we are analyzing the case of anastasia, who left a stable job for freelance. did not get exactly what she wanted, what traits should a person have in such a self-diagnosis mode, in nastya, in other people who watch us, who will tell you, friends, you can go freelance, because that this can most likely become your success story, you can’t at all, firstly, this most notorious hard work, that is, this willingness to work very hard, it is basic. or not, let ’s start with a simple thing, it

is basic, it is basic, yes, that is, if you can, if you honestly answer yourself, that’s right, i ’ve drawn conclusions, i realized that you need to work straight away, i’ll repeat, we’re laying down, i’ll repeat, we ’re asking the second question, is there communication skills, and what’s more , communication skills, but, yes, but communication skills are, so to speak, in working background mode, and there is such additional communication skills, which, well, with which money actually arises there, yes, because it is the ability to communicate. there without stopping for 10-12 hours there is such a communication skill yes i would even know as i said you asked a question about the command to do it yourself or to transfer i realized that i have now recruited a team of people by chance who, in principle, will help me continue to work, that is, and you know how to set tasks for them yes, and you know how to control yes, and they you have deadlines that everyone meets, i haven't tried yet , but it's again a question of control. when you create your team, but at the same time you

didn't have a large margin of safety, you need to understand that there will be dissatisfied people in this team, who you may not pay much at first, maybe you understand less than they do what they do and there are a lot of you, you can simply deceive in this area, in fact, when a person goes freelance, an important psychological option is to stop being good, to stop just smiling, this is an expert can just smile, you are experts , everything is fine with you, if you are building your team, especially in conditions of limited resources. what needs to be grown, because i am such a good fairy, a good fairy expert, then your task is somewhere on your refrigerator, yes, in the very central place of your apartment, to write, you can’t be kind, yeah, unfortunately, yes, but we must be honest about this, because i won’t be right now, friends, let’s do it this way, this is the opinion of our expert, here i object,

i object, it’s normal to be kind, you don’t have to give yourself, do not give the opportunity to sit on your head. yes, but we are kind in quotes , we are talking about the fact that you need to be able to demand, because otherwise the expert will simply be robbed by his employees, who may not coincide with you in goals and will not want to work for you to create your name there, yes, actually, that is why you need to be highly demanding, because when you work in a large team, other people take on the demand for you, there are bosses, hr officers, so now you are kind of dissatisfied, and now you you need to turn the hourglass over to understand that you...

illusory, like i sleep until lunch, go to exhibitions, then this is not a very good visualization, if there is such a visualization, there i work a lot, i have a lot of people, i have a lot of money, i have a difficult busy schedule there, i study a lot, then this visualization visualization works better, what visualization of your success, let's say, in a year or two, how do you see yourself, 5-7

hours of work a day with two or three days off, so also already. doubts in natalia's face, me, by the way, also friends, it's good to be healthy and rich, friends, we we will land this plan later, okay, listen, well, it's definitely not 24x7, there is still a schedule, and now i understand that it is easier for me in a schedule, even if it becomes freelancing, and there is a team to which i delegated part of the functionality, in which i am not an expert, mm ... probably there is a clearly allocated time for rest, that's how i would do it now, i know that it will cure illusions and excessive romanticism nastasia, here is just a contract that you will sign with your potential customers, should include tough fines, as soon as you pay a fine twice more than the expected profit, then either

you'll run to hire, or we'll lose nastya, we'll lose nastya completely, but in fact it's still important. it's more interesting to me, because i don't just have one audience of one company, but people from different spheres come to me, and i also get rich due to this and give it even more to my clients, well, plus you get to know other people, they also get to know you, tell me on...