that's all for now, we are following the development of events, now on channel one there is a premiere of the documentary film battle for the sky, the history of russian military aviation, watch. the first finalist of the russian rugby cup has become known, this is yenisey stm, who defeated penza lokomotiv in krasnoyarsk (55-13). the fate of the match was decided in the first half, in which the hosts scored four attempts, after the break the heavy machine did not slow down, breaking through for... the opponent four more times. head-trick to rashid magomed saidova, francois oosterhuizen scored twice. ramel geissen scored six times from the conversion point and added three points to his tally after a penalty kick. yenisei's opponent in the final match will be determined today in the match between krasny yar and kazanskaya strelka. another participant in the semi-final stage of the russian beach soccer championship has been determined. lokomotiv beat its direct competitor spartak in the seventeenth round and joined st. petersburg crystal in the semi-finals. the first period did not

bring any goals, and in the second the opponents exchanged effective attacks. luis enrique put the red-and-whites ahead, the railwaymen responded with a beautiful attack, which was completed by amadius vinogradov. the fate of the match was decided in the final twelve minutes, world champion boris nikonorov made an irresistible shot into the near corner, and spartak fedorov scored an own goal. loka led 3:1 in the remaining time, allowing the opponent to only reduce the gap to a minimum, and this was done by spartak goalkeeper roman famin, who hit the top corner from his half 3:2. mativ scored 39 points and became unattainable in the fight for second place. the first has long guaranteed itself a crystal, which took important points in the penultimate round from cska. in this match, there was also a goalkeeper's goal on an accurate strike by sergei stepliani. the petersburgers responded with a powerful shot by goalkeeper alexander besedin 1:1. as a result, it came down to a series after the match penalties, in which the crystal was luckier 4:1. the first round of the italian football cup has started. unlike many european tournaments, where representatives of the top. division enter

the fight at later stages, at the openings serie a clubs are not given any breaks. one of the oldest teams in the country, genoa, has only reached the cup final twice in its history. the genoese team began their latest quest for the trophy with a victory over reggiana, which plays in serie b. the only goal in this match was scored by genoa's brazilian striker junior messias. sasuola also confirmed their place as favourites in a home match against another second division club , cittadella. a few seconds before the break , samuele molatieri.

rossi for the mexican american champion meeting with compatriots from atlas was much more difficult, despite the game and territorial advantage of the hosts until the 73rd minute the score was equal 1:1 on the goal of eric sanchez. in the first half, in the second half, the defender of atlas rivaldo losana answered. the victory for america was brought by the goal of the handsome henri martin scored with his heel. the next opponents of the wards of andre jardini, who by the way led the brazilian national team to the olympic gold in tokyo, will be the football players of saint louis. they broke the resistance of portland. until the 83rd minute the numbers 1:1 were on the scoreboard, and the victory city were brought by marcel hartel and simon betcher. the pair of colorado taluca looks intriguing. the repizzes have already beaten two mexican clubs in the group stage of lyon. and in the first round of the playoffs, huaraz 3:2. the winning goal was scored by calvin harris. taluca, in turn , surpassed houston dynamo. regular time ended in a 2:2 draw, and the mexicans equalized in the sixth minute of added time. this was done by edgar ivan lopez. he also put an end to the series after the match penalties. 5:4, the winner of the first draw

of the 2019 league cup, cruzasul, also beat orlando city 5:4 on penalties. the opponents did not score any goals in regulation time. now the mexicans will have to measure their strength with their compatriots. from mazatlan, they knocked out dc united 2:1. the journey of the highest and heaviest trophy in the world of sports. the stanley cup, its height is about a meter, weight 16 kg continues across europe. tampere , the second most important city in finland , changed its name this summer to barkov city in honor of the captain of the victorious florida. here, for the first time, people jumped over the trophies on a skateboard. the finnish professional rider marios syväinin became the one who made history. after that, aleksandrkov.

in 1961, relations between the ussr and the usa became extremely tense. the united states deployed medium-range ballistic missiles with nuclear warheads in the izmir region of turkey. this was only

a thousand kilometers from the ussr border. the flight time to moscow was now measured in minutes. the soviet leadership began to look for ways to restore nuclear parity. the ussr had no opportunity to get so close to the usa for a long time there was none, but with the coming to power of the government of fidel castro in cuba, it appeared. in the summer of sixty- two, the secret operation anadar began. it provided for the deployment of soviet nuclear weapons and their delivery vehicles, missiles and aircraft, in cuba. from the soviet bases in the northern part of the island to the coast of florida was only 140 km. the americans could not like this. in the fall of sixty-two, after the deployment of soviet nuclear weapons in cuba, the united states brought its armed forces to the highest level of combat readiness readiness. the same situation reigned on the other side of the atlantic. soviet strategic bombers were redeployed to the country's borders, closer to targets in europe and america.

the flight crews were on 24-hour combat duty. at some point , nuclear bombs were delivered to the planes. the world stood on the threshold of world war iii. it was such a threatening moment, but it flashed so brightly and then died down, it was too, too serious a matter. the next round of the battle for speed began after the annual planes overcame sound barrier. at first, the agenda was to achieve double the speed of sound. in the united states , the f-104 and f-105 fighters, and the interceptor b-58 hustler strategic bomber were tested . the americans' nato allies also achieved success. the french built the mirage 3 fighter, and the british built the lightning interceptor. by the early sixties, they had already conquered a new speed barrier. the soviet union could not lag behind. in the ussr

, two design bureaus, pavel sukhov and artem, began designing aircraft capable of achieving double the speed of sound. mikoyan. in 1953, they were tasked with creating a new frontline fighter, and the technical task was formulated differently for them: sukhoi had to design a heavy fighter for an engine with a thrust of 10 tons. later, the aircraft would receive the designation su-7. misayan developed a light fighter for an engine with a thrust of 5 tons, the future mik-21. when designing a new fighter, sukhoi's design bureau settled on ...

showed, well, and in order to better evaluate their results, the aircraft are approximately the same capabilities, both aircraft were launched into serial production in small series. on the last day of december of the fifty-seventh year, at a meeting of the scientific and technical council , it was decided that the aircraft would still be developed on a delta wing, as a more promising one, with it the aircraft felt better at high altitudes, it had a larger fuel reserve that could be placed, well and ... again, it did not have the problems that the swept wing had. however, in

the fifty-eighth year, work began on the new mig clouds were gathering. the fact is that by the start of test flights, the engine that was counted on when designing the aircraft was not ready. the military left the su7. they argued that it had a higher speed, and a ceiling of one and a half to two kilometers higher. well, according to the ovs, the degree of its refinement was much better. naturally, neither mikayan nor tumansky could agree with this formulation of the question, because almost all the problems had been solved for the most part, but they sent a report to the government, the military explained the situation, that they were interested in a larger number of experimental aircraft in principle, so that they could make a choice. the arguments of the designers and the military were heard, and work on the mig-21 fighter continued successfully. the mig-21 received its baptism of fire in the skies of vietnam, where it appeared. its arsenal

included guided missiles, which gave it an advantage in combat; the missile launch range was significantly greater than the firing range of cannons. in addition, the presence of an onboard radar allowed american pilots to detect the enemy at a considerable distance and with poor visibility. initially, the mig-21 did not have a radar or guided missiles in its arsenal, but by the mid -sixties, when the machines began to enter the north vietnamese air force, modifications of the fighter had already been created that met the new requirements of the time. the mig-21 is a wonderful aircraft, the pilot felt confident in the cockpit of the mig. the phantom was also modern. the aircraft was better than the mig in some characteristics. in addition, the americans always flew with numerical

superiority. but still, they are in our skies it was not easy. according to official vietnamese data, the migs shot down about a hundred phantoms, twice as many as their own losses. at the same time, each american fighter cost several times more than the soviet one, the americans lost not one, but two crew members at once. the americans went down the path of creating a heavy fighter with a powerful radar station and heavy powerful missile weapons, and naturally, in terms of maneuverability, it was inferior to the lighter mig-21. in general, the mig-21 was a kind of standard air combat fighter of that time. time and many aircraft designers in different countries of the world tried to make a machine of this class, light and maneuverable.

in india, czechoslovakia and china. the twenty -first is the most mass-produced supersonic aircraft in the world. the creation of an aircraft is always a search for the reasonable. therefore, back in the fifties in the ussr, there was a division of fighters into two large classes. the first included frontline fighters, such as the mig-21. the second - interceptor fighters. the latter were to be in service with the country's air defense. strategic bombers and reconnaissance aircraft were considered as their main targets. by the early sixties, the sukhov design bureau had developed a new supersonic interceptor, the su-9. its maximum speed exceeded 2,200 km/h

; the aircraft’s arsenal already included guided missiles. in the mid-sixties, an even more advanced aircraft, the su-15, was ready. unlike its predecessor, it had not one, but two engines. the air intakes were located on the sides of the fuselage. this freed up space in the nose for the installation of a powerful radar station. received the aircraft and more advanced weapons, if the su-9 had a missile launch range of no more than 6 km, then the new missiles.

a less ambitious program was the development of the strategic reconnaissance aircraft sr-71 blackbird black drost. this aircraft still holds two absolute aviation world records. the first is the altitude record in horizontal flight - 25 s per km. the second is the speed record - 3.529 km / h. of course,

the operating speeds and altitudes were slightly lower, but still an aircraft with such characteristics could.

were not one, but two keels. the machine received two powerful engines with a total thrust of 22 tons. the diameter of their nozzles exceeded one and a half meters. under the articles there were also giant air intakes. what nicknames did not the mig-25 receive for its appearance. and when i came with the instructor's work, to test work, i had not even heard anything about this plane before. and literally on the second day. looking out the window, i see the plane is taxiing, well, the fact that it is an airplane, i understood, it was already a classic that a fighter is such aerodynamics, which would allow to increase the speed just like a rocket, and what was taxiing past the window did not resemble this at all, so it was something, as

my comrade, colleague, sasha kuzyasov immediately told me , he says, this, i say, what is this?

to monitor a large territory, to accurately determine the geographic coordinates of targets and transmit the received data in real time, all this happened at speeds and altitudes inaccessible. by other aircraft. in the early seventies, the arms race between the ussr and the usa have already shown the world more than one masterpiece of aviation technology. if there was any positive.

it was the first to implement the concept of the so-called multi-mode aircraft, it was best adapted to different speeds and flight altitudes. the us armed forces placed great hopes on this aircraft, what can we say if defense secretary robert mcnamara personally supported and advertised this project in every possible way. the aircraft was conceived as a universal one, they saw it as a frontline fighter, a carrier-based interceptor, a bomber to support troops and even a strategic missile carrier capable of flying across the atlantic ocean without refueling. the french also presented their developments in this area. by that time, the ussr had also begun to create machines with a new type of wing. first, it was necessary to improve the flight characteristics of existing aircraft. and the first

to receive a new multi-mode wing was the su-7b fighter bomber. in the new configuration, it was called the su-17. the second to improve flight characteristics with the help of a multi-mode wing was the long-range bomber tu-22. the military had many complaints about this machine. machine in terms of its controllability, and i liked the very cramped cabin, stuffed with a huge number of some levers, switches, but most of all, of course, they were indignant about the fact that it was possible to eject only downwards, at low altitude, in the event of some emergency, the crew was doomed. in sixty-seventh year, andrei tupolev came up with a proposal to create a modification of the tu-22,

it fit well with the idea of ​​​​a flying platform, however, during the vietnam war it became clear that this concept was wrong, it turned out that

it was not always possible to shoot down an aircraft from a long distance... after which the fighters were drawn into close combat. most air victories were won in such clashes, the one whose fighter maneuvered better won. this was influenced by such an indicator as the maximum possible overload. the higher it is, the more energetically the pilot can perform a turn without fear that his machine will fall apart in the air. first of all, the wing is subjected to a large load. the predecessor 23. maximum possible overload was eight units, the mig-23 with variable sweep wing, was initially calculated for only five, this was done based on the concept of a flying platform, but even such an indicator turned out to be difficult to ensure, the complex design of the new wing did not have sufficient strength, during testing the machine began, as

they say, to crack at the seams. the aircraft had to be launched into production with limited maneuverability. its maximum overload was only 3 and a half units, slightly more than that of civilian airliners. military pilots were wary of the mik-23. they were accustomed to the maneuverable mik-21 and the overload of 3 and a half units, they did not even look at the instruments, but felt by their physical sensations that the limit was still far away.

also, during the testing process, they chose the optimal sweep for air combat, at first they were leaning towards 45°, but after lengthy research they settled on thirty. the mik-23 clearly showed that it was a real fighter, and one intended already unlike the previous generation aircraft for all-aspect air combat, thanks to its new missile armament.

guilty, i'm guilty of everything, take the money, buy a car, fix a new or old one, alyona, no, what are you saying, i beg you , just take the money, just don't call the police, they'll kill me, you know, and in our yard, today on the first, like alyona, the car is being repaired, i'll explain everything later, because

there's no bus, well guys, let's go to the movies, huh? this city is called the gateway to the north, a special unique way of life has been preserved here, which is dictated by difficult climatic conditions, many people come to this city to see the famous polar lights, we are in arkhangelsk, friends, the most important thing for a pomor is to have it practical, what kind of wood is preferable for building a boat, the kind of wood that grows, why did they add salt? in principle, our region was a salt industry, so they added it everywhere, my grandmother added it to regular coffee, even to soluble salt too adds, says that it tastes better this way and in our style, we wash the smelt, sprinkle it with a little salt, chop the onion and add it there too, let's take some bread and dip it, dip it, and how delicious it will be in the pomor style, delicious, delicious,

friends, very delicious, life of our own. the premiere is next sunday on the first. let's go back to the mid-sixties. when soviet specialists watched a film at the exhibition in le bourget. about the tests of the american f-111 , one episode attracted their special attention: the machine was rushing at a huge speed at an extremely low altitude, and the flight took place in the mountains. it was surprising how deftly the machine avoided collisions with obstacles. in the sixties, the americans undertook such an experiment: a b58 bomber flew at low altitude across the entire territory of the united states, from the east... to the west coast, and not a single air defense system detected this machine. however , a low-altitude flight required increased concentration from the pilot. this led to his rapid fatigue. special equipment could make the task easier, in other words,

an autopilot that would produce piloting in automatic mode. the american f-1111 was the first to receive such a system. in the ussr , the design of a similar aircraft began in the design bureau of pavel sukhoi, it was a frontline bomber with variable sweep wing su-24. su-24 bombers began to arrive in combat air units in 1974. with them , a qualitative leap occurred in the tactics of using soviet frontline aviation, it became possible to quickly, and most importantly , covertly maneuver over huge areas using low altitudes. in the course of the modernization of the su-24 was armed with the kh-59 ovot missile. its launch range was 115 km. the approximate location of the reconnaissance enemy target

could be entered into the aircraft's targeting system in advance, before the flight. after launch and up to a certain distance, the missile was guided by its autopilot. and most importantly, the aircraft no longer had to approach the target, it could turn to the side. the camera installed on the missile transmitted the image to the bomber via radio. the navigator, watching the picture on the screen, searched for the specified object, for example, a bridge. having found it, he switched the missile to manual control and carried out the attack. attention, we are working. the tsu-24 combined a lot. supersonic speed, the ability to fly at low altitudes, a system to refuel in ...

this is the history of the development of the ball, means of attack and a lot of means of protection. in this regard, combat survivability can be considered a shield. design experience shows that the highest effect, ensuring the maximum possible protection of the aircraft with minimal weight, is possible only when the aircraft begins to be designed from the very beginning taking into account its protection. taking into account survivability. the su-25 cockpit was an armored capsule made of titanium plates with a thickness of 10 to 24 mm. the frontal part of the cockpit glazing was also armored. it was made of

triplex, multilayer glass. the pilot's head was additionally protected by a steel plate installed above the seat. other units of the aircraft, in particular the power plant, were also covered with armor. at the same time, two engines were placed on the sides of the fuselage at the maximum possible distance from each other. each other, so that if one is hit, the other remains operational. more than 2,500 experiments were conducted at the test site to fire at the aircraft, firing armor-piercing and incendiary shells, at different angles, from different distances. the machine withstood almost everything. in 1980, the ministry of defense decided to test the new attack aircraft in real combat conditions. at that time, a limited contingent of soviet troops was actively fighting in afghanistan.

received a combat mission at the command post,

performed takeoff of the pair at the set time, flight of the target, the path of the knar from capping, according to fan's report, all targets were hit, performed an exit to the point at the maximum low altitude, then the leader, then the slave made a scabbing maneuver, worked out, from observation points guidance, were transmitted that the targets were completely destroyed. in the amount of 100%. at the turn of the sixties and seventies of the twentieth century , the united states once again attempted to break ahead in the arms race. and fighter aircraft were only part of this rivalry. at that time in the united in the states in the soviet union, the concept of the so-called nuclear triad had already been formed. it included submarine-launched ballistic missiles, land-based intercontinental missiles and strategic bombing. it was assumed that in the event of a surprise attack, one of the components

of the triad would definitely survive and be able to strike back at the enemy. this was the essence of the policy of containment. lagging behind in one of these areas would violate nuclear parity. and so at the end of 1974, for the first time in the united states the supersonic strategic bomber b-1 with a flight range of 12,000 km took off. the soviet. supersonic bomber tu-22m, this indicator did not exceed 5.00 km, in order to fly across the atlantic ocean and return back, it would have to make at least three refueling stops in the air, and one of them off the coast of america, an impossible task, the tanker aircraft would still fly there, but it itself would not have enough fuel for the return trip, there was also a subsonic tu-95, it could fly 14. thousand km, but the relatively low flight speed made

it more vulnerable to air defense systems. with the advent of the b-1 aircraft by the americans, nuclear parity was under threat. the ussr tried to create a similar machine back in the late fifties. it was the experimental m-50 aircraft, designed by the vladimir misischiy design bureau. however, by the time the aircraft was put to the test, the promising engines were not ready. they had to install the ones that were available, they were almost twice as weak. with them, the aircraft barely reached the speed sound. in 1961 , the engines needed for the m-50 aircraft were manufactured and installed on the aircraft, but at that time the country's top leadership relied on ballistic missiles as a means of delivering nuclear weapons. when nikita sergeyevich khrushchev. in this aircraft, he said that it was simpler and cheaper

to build two nuclear submarines with missiles on board than one m-50 aircraft. soon this missile euphoria passed, but the program had already been closed by that time, as was the okb, and this business did not receive any continuation. in the early seventies a new competition was announced to create a supersonic strategic bomber. and three design bureaus became its participants. in addition to misishchev, andrei tupolev and pavel sukhoi presented their projects. the members of the commission really liked sukhoi's aircraft. t4 ms. many new ideas were incorporated into it, what was the fuselage alone worth. its flattened shape was supposed to provide the machine with less resistance and greater lift. such a fuselage is also called a load-bearing fuselage. however, each new solution increased the technical risk

cost. in addition, the sukhoi design bureau was already overloaded with work. at that time , three more aircraft were being created there, but not for long-range, but

assistance and was directly involved in organizing cooperation, there were several meetings at which he simply spoke with delight about how he managed to force a certain director to work in this direction. in order to make this machine, it was necessary, of course, to make completely new materials, constructive.

the wing scheme itself was also originally made. in other aircraft, the root parts of the right and left consoles with increasing sweep. entered the fuselage. the tupolev design bureau improved the mechanism. now, with increasing sweep, this part of the wing did not retract inward. two ridges were formed from it. being, in fact, two additional keels, they increased the directional stability of the aircraft at supersonic speeds. the flight range of the new bomber was 14,000 km. the maximum speed was 2000. it began to enter service in the second half of the eighties. according to nato classification, the tu-160 received the designation black jack, black jack. soviet pilots nicknamed it the white swan. this machine is still the flagship of russia's long-range aviation. vladimir putin in

the cockpit of the tu-160m ​​strategic missile carrier. these winged machines were shown to the head of state the day before at the gorbunov aviation plant, and today they are being tested at the highest level. 19 years ago, the president was already in the pilot's seat of a tu-160, but that was a completely different plane. the new modification, according to putin, is truly a new generation of technology. the supreme commander-in-chief also noted: can be accepted into the armed forces. when the tu-160 was being developed, free -falling nuclear bombs were no longer considered as weapons for strategic bombers; they gave way to cruise missiles with a nuclear warhead. the main advantage was that they could be launched

at a distance of several hundred kilometers from the target. this allowed the bomber not to enter the enemy's air defense zone. flew to the target at high supersonic speed of about 35 km/h at an altitude of 20 km. for the early seventies such flight parameters served as good protection against air defense systems. but with the advent of new high-altitude interceptor anti-aircraft systems, the concept had to be changed. now the missile's flight had to take place at an altitude of only 50-100 m. radars practically did not see such a target, so it was possible... to abandon supersonic speed and install less powerful, but more economical engines, this significantly increased the missile's flight range. in the ussr, the first cruise missile of the new...

and carried a megaton nuclear charge, which is why were very large, and the larger the aircraft, the more visible it is to the radar. according to the new concept , it was decided to attack the enemy's infrastructure with pinpoint strikes of small charges, choosing the most important objects for this. therefore, the missile could be made smaller. if the length of the x22 was 12 m, then the x55 was half as long. the tu-160's armament includes 12 missiles. they are suspended in two drum-type launchers. the turbojet engine is placed inside

the missile and extends outward before detaching from aircraft. the wing and empennage open after separation from the carrier. the guidance principle has also been improved. previously , the so-called inertial method was used. it allowed the missile to parry emerging disturbances, for example, crosswind and maintain the direction to the target, but it was impossible to do this absolutely accurately, each such disturbance accumulated a guidance error, the probable deviation from the target could be up to 5 km. the x55's inertial guidance system was supplemented. before the flight, the x55's memory stores digital terrain map, or, in simpler terms, elevation changes along a given route. in flight, the onboard computer compares.

thus, the b-52 strategic bomber carried 12 agm-86 missiles, which used a new guidance principle, and there were also tomahawk missiles. they were launched from land-based and ship-based launchers. the ussr did not have reliable means of intercepting them. in response to the new threat , the mig-25 interceptor was hastily modernized. it was equipped with an onboard radar that could detect such low-flying targets, but this did not completely solve the problem. during the cold war,

the soviet air defense was faced with the extremely difficult task of protecting the country's northern and far eastern borders. the taiga is permafrost, an uninhabited area, and it was difficult to place the necessary number of ground-based radar stations and anti-aircraft missile systems there. the hope remained in interceptor fighters. but again, it was very difficult and expensive to create a dense airfield network in these areas, so an aircraft with a large radius was required. action, in other words, a long-range interceptor. in the sixties and seventies, this was the tu-128. in principle, it could also be equipped with a new radar station, but the time of this aircraft has passed. it was developed back in the fifties, its speed and altitude were already insufficient.

twenty-fifth of all other machines, we lacked range, all altitude, we lacked speed at low altitudes, we lacked radar first of all and missiles with a long, super-long range, and the mig-25 was 1:1, one target, one aircraft, here the task was to increase the maximum number of targets that one aircraft could intercept. the nik-31 became the first soviet fighter to be equipped with so -called dual-circuit turbojet

engines, they were distinguished by increased efficiency in non-afterburning mode, in addition, the new engines were smaller in size, which allowed for an increase in fuel supply. if the nik 25 interceptor had a range of 1,700 km, then the thirty-first had a range of 3,000. air patrol time increased to 3.5 hours, almost twice as much as the twenty-fifth. combat effectiveness has also increased many times over. the new interceptor's weapons control system was designated: zaslon, its basis was a radar station with a phased antenna array, a similar system appeared on western fighters only two decades later. on previous-generation radars , airspace scanning was performed by mechanically rotating the antenna. the zaslon system uses electronic scanning. such scanning provides almost instantaneous

a complete picture of the air situation. just cross now connect with this target mark, what maneuver to make, that is , left up there, right down or some small one there, turn to the gate back and forth, combine press, that's it, it was simple, well, some kind of miracle, four long-range r-33 missiles were included in the armament of the thirty-first, they were capable

of destroying targets at a distance of up to 120 km, the height... defeat from 25 m to 28 km, i'm going east with a course of 90 towards me, i know, they launched four targets towards me, i'm flying myself there, looking around, nothing to do there, sitting, sitting, then once, bam, indication, attack, first target, i click, connected, pressed gsh, off, just the missile went off, the picture changes, attack, second target, i connected once, bass, second, like this... launched four missiles, it happened, but within 10 seconds, probably no more, from behind the navigator says: that's it, commander, we've done it, the target has been destroyed, let's go home. new ideas arose, how to implement in tactics, how to draw in combat, in the defense of huge spaces the soviet union, especially from the north, to

counter groups of targets, large arrays. coded data transmission system, this allows several aircraft to exchange information about the air situation and transmit it to ground stations. a group of four interceptors is capable of monitoring airspace up to 900 km wide. the aircraft was accepted into service. airfields scattered across the territory of the soviet union. the mig-31 significantly surpassed all previous interceptors in combat capabilities. retrain for it from other types of machines, it was not easy for the pilots. but mastering the new aircraft was only a matter of time. the main thing is that the country's air defense received

a state-of-the-art interception system, which , thanks to modernization. he only asks if it is true that i met a colleague in the lab, you have a psychic, and it will reach the authorities, oh, again, as he can do, look, now, please tell me , so that...

i forgot everything that happened between us for 6 years, there is no real romance between us and muslimam did not play out, it does not want anything.

to protect its own attack aircraft from attacks by enemy fighters, and to engage in close combat with them, good maneuverability was required. the creation of a light fighter was entrusted to the mikayann design bureau.

later it would receive the designation mig-29, and pavel sukhoi was entrusted to work on the heavy machine, the future su-27. according to the assignment, the altitude and speed indicators of the new fighters were close to each other. ceiling. flight 18 km, speed 2.500 km / h, that's the range and the combat load of the twenty-seventh was set significantly higher: 400 km against 1500 for the mig-29 and 4 tons of payload against 2.5 for the fighters, while it was necessary to provide the heavy su-27 with maneuverability comparable to a light fighter. not an easy task. the first flight of the prototype. tester vladimir ilyushin. already at

the beginning of flight tests, serious problems were revealed. in some flight modes, the machine began to shake violently, the unstudied features of the new scheme affected. in addition, even in the design process, it became it is clear that the aircraft will inevitably gain excess weight. the developers of the electronic equipment did not fit into the specified weight characteristics, the creators of the missile weapons exceeded the limits, the engines turned out to be more gluttonous than expected, therefore, more fuel must be carried on board. meanwhile, the light mig-29 also entered testing. during the design process, it also received an integrated circuit with a lifting fuselage. the new mig took to the air for the first time on october 6.

problems also arose during testing, and although not as serious as su-27, but still requiring time for correction. the main troubles of the twenty- ninth were caused by the power plant. two experimental aircraft were lost due to engine problems. fortunately, the test pilots. alexander fedotov and valery minitsky managed to eject and survived. based on the test results , improvements were made to the reliability of the power plant units, which increased. there were no more unpleasant episodes. of course, there were problems with the aircraft, but i must say that when we first took off on this aircraft, i had i mean fedotov, then me, then our comrades. everyone who had not risen for the first time on this plane, everyone immediately noted its excellent aerodynamic qualities, its magnificent power-to-weight ratio, i still remember how today my first flight on

the mik-29, i thought, well, now try to turn, how did it, just pulled once, it went so willingly, i thought, well, further, further, further, already the afterburner to help it, how did it start to turn? some kind of craziness began, like this, i think, lord, i say, i think, my head is going to spin now, i need to stop, stop for a bit to rest, catch my breath, look around, so i... "well , i've never seen anything like it in my life, it's really a fighter, a frontline fighter, a fighter for air combat. in 1983, after the end of the testing program, the nik-29 began to enter service, but with the su-27 fighter, the situation was much more critical. on the one hand , the project was in full swing, moreover, the working drawings were released , production began in komsomolsk, but then." that it was necessary

to make a decision, that is, to release a mediocre fighter into production, it is generally not difficult, and we believe that everything is fine, the machine is of average quality, which means that if we are making a combat machine, then we have only one way out, to make it such that it defeats the enemy, if we cannot do this, then, as they say, we must take serious measures, either shoot, or then... such losses are losses of a state plan. vkb sukhovo decided to radically redesign the fighter. however, for this it was necessary to obtain permission from the top management of the aviation industry. the highest degree of negativity was assessed by the then minister of aviation industry silive, when we finished all negotiations and a decision was made.

the achievement of the specified flight characteristics was expected from the wing. on the aircraft of the original layout, it had smooth outlines, as studies showed, it was this shape that led to shaking. the new wing acquired a strictly expressed trapezoidal shape. its leading edge was equipped with movable noses. as the angle of attack increased, they automatically deflected, improving the flow around the wing. krla. this had a positive effect on the piloting characteristics.

the impulse to increase the angle of attack, the transformation of the lifting force is directed in the same direction, in front of the center of gravity, when the fighter begins to vigorously raise its nose, and if the pilot does not stop this process in time, by pushing the handle away from himself, the machine can reach critical angles of attack. on a statically unstable aircraft, the pilot must make a double movement. first in

the direction of increasing the angle of attack or decreasing the angle of attack, and then in the direction of balancing, not to mention that any disturbance in the form of an air flow will constantly take the plane away from the equilibrium point, which means it must always catch it, that is, it can easily miss the plane and reach a destructive overload, an unstable plane is very strict in control. however, if you master it well, it will react sensitively to all the actions of the pilot, and this gives an advantage in maneuverability. but doing this manually in the case of a multi-ton machine is almost impossible. therefore, in the control system the su-27 included an onboard computer that helps control the fighter. for example, when the aircraft is affected by external disturbances, such as a gust of wind, the control system will automatically return the fighter to its original position.

the mig-29 was shown at the international exhibition. this happened in 1988 in the english city of farborough. the fragmentary information that western specialists had did not give them a complete picture of the aircraft. their first acquaintance with the fighter was even stronger.

foreign experts literally timed every maneuver of the twenty-ninth, looked at their stopwatches and could not believe their eyes. the time it took to perform the turns was less than... any other combat aircraft, having made such a maneuver, would have simply gone into a tailspin. three years later, there was an opportunity to measure their strength with overseas opponents. in 1992, pilots from the lipensky aviation center flew two su-27s to

the american landry air base. in general , everyone who was not a pilot watched with admiration. but the flight crew pretended as if, well, big deal, russian bears have flown in there. they are trying to show off something here, in general they looked down on us, we were offered to fly their f15, and they on our su-27, and then comparative air battles su-27 takes off in 15, we come to the targeting zone, we all disperse, he attacks first, then we attack him, well first, naturally, they are in front, we are behind, they tried to maneuver, nothing works. we change places, i go forward, and this american pilot, the squadron commander is behind, from this position i have to get away from him, get on his tail, his only task is to hold on, i pull her up, he naturally follows me, loses speed within less than 650 km, and gave

the su-27 aircraft a complete advantage, that is , after one and a half turns i get on his tail, he can no longer do anything, they all lost the air battles and ... they didn’t even have anything to say, they nodded their heads, yes, yes, yes, the plane is good, they raised their fingers, the best plane they had ever flown, the designs of the mik-29 and su-27 fighters turned out to be very successful, their flight characteristics are still among the best in the world, the combat potential of the machines is constantly increasing, the onboard equipment is changing, completely. russian fighters in the black sea area did not allow the border to be violated by the british air force aircraft. a pair of our su-27s were raised into the sky. having seen them, the british withdrew, making a turn over the black sea waters. the russian crew returned to their base airfield. the flight was carried out in strict

accordance with international rules. numerous aircraft were built on the basis of the mik-29 and su-27 modifications. among them are carrier -based aircraft, such as the mi-29. k and su-3. fighters equipped with engines with variable thrust vectoring, including the su-30-sm. the twenty-seventh also served as the basis for the creation of the su-34. it best combined the maneuverability of a frontline fighter and the carrying capacity of a frontline bomber. our su-34 crews in the southern donetsk direction destroyed a stronghold and enemy manpower, attacked with bombs, and received confirmation of the elimination of targets. the fighters returned to the airfield departure. we work day and night, there is a lot of work. our bombs with a controlled planning and correction module. they hit the enemy everywhere. the enemy runs, afraid of these bombs, because they will get them everywhere, no matter what

shelters they are in. they sent the ompk drop from the set range. according to the results of objective control, the targets are hit, right on target. our work is brave, the enemy will be defeated. the pinnacle of the development of the light nig-29 and heavy su-27 are the mik-35 and su-35 fighters.

these are the so-called 4+ generation machines. according to the composition of onboard equipment and weapons. they are very close to the next, fifth generation. the mig-35 and su-35 will determine the appearance of the russian aerospace forces in the coming decades. as, in fact, the fifth-generation fighter super. 57 low radar signature, super maneuverability, expanded combat capabilities, this is no longer history, this is the future of russian military aviation. something, well, what do i look like, my god, at 10 am, do you have to film such a thing,

who is filming at 10 am, you don’t know, and hi, i am very charming and attractive, men like me terribly, they are simply crazy about me, irina morobyova, not only the most charming and attractive, but also ... the most beloved adored actress, i look at the picture and i believe every word, it seems to me that irina vadimovna is like this in life, that's the kind of girl i am, she is only without a role in any role, she finds these points, some paradoxical points in roles, it is clear, it is clear, in the cinema the cheerful heroine of irina muravyova is desperately sought.

appearance, and others, everyone would like such crazy luck, but an amazing paradox: everyone loves muravyova's roles, but she herself does not like herself on screen, the actress admits that she has suffered from a complex of self-doubt all her life, i will play now everyone will say, what a horror, how talentless it all is, everyone knows that irina murovyova can't stand giving interviews, i have nothing to do, she has a reputation as one of the most closed and taciturn actresses of our... cinema, well, try, heat me up, but we managed it impossible.