by the way, he was considered stalin's favorite. he was the head of a separate design bureau, among other things, he was a statesman, from 1940 he held the post of deputy of the people's commissariat of aviation industry for new technology. from 1934, the okb aircraft were continuously in large-scale production and were constantly in operation. a total of 70,000 yak aircraft were built, of which more than 40,000 were built during the war. 2/3 of all fighters were yakovlev aircraft. now let's touch on some. yak-1, it was the first combat aircraft developed by the yakovlev design bureau. serial production began in 1940. there is a legend that the aircraft was personally ordered by supreme commander-in-chief stalin, although this is not quite so simple. there was a meeting at which

several promising types of aircraft were considered, stalin drew attention to the yakovlev aircraft. a total of about 9.00 copies of all modifications were produced. the aircraft was built, but this is if you are interested, according to the scheme of a free-bearing single-engine monoplane. with a dural, a fabric fuselage, that is the plane was made of duralumin, some parts, everything else was tightened. on a steel frame, the engine in the basic configuration m105p, it was designed by vladimir klimov. the engine power was about a thousand horsepower, the crew of the plane was one person, the maximum speed was 570 km / h, the maximum range was 540 km. according to the pilot's reviews, the machine had very good horizontal maneuverability, was controllable. stable in the air and in its

characteristics surpassed, as the pilots say, the main german fighter of the beginning war, very famous messerid 109e, almost forty pilots, who, by the way, fought on this aircraft nayak-1, during the war were awarded the title of hero of the soviet union, but you know these names, these are pokryshkin, gulyaev, meresyev and lidiya litvyak. i... yak-1 and yak-7 a new one appeared, it was the yak-9 aircraft, here it is in front of you, a wonderful machine, as the pilots said, the most mass-produced fighter of the great patriotic war in the middle of forty-something, yak9 aircraft in all. fications in total were released

more than all the aircraft combined, they replaced the yak-1 and yak-7b on the main fronts, and the yak-9 at the plant, i'll tell you now, number 153 reached, it's hard to imagine, 20 aircraft per day, an absolutely unrealistic figure by today's parameters, the characteristics of the h9 can be said to be... one pilot, maximum speed of about 600 km / h, ceiling somewhere around 875 km. the yak-9 was very similar in appearance to the yak-7, but technically it was more advanced. the design used duralumin metal, not wood and percale, which significantly reduced the weight design, and the gain was used either to increase the fuel reserve or for equipment. what are the main features of the yak-9?

this is its ability to be modified into a variety of types for combat use, for example, a frontline fighter with conventional and heavy weapons, a long-range escort fighter , a fighter bomber. the yak-9 was very maneuverable, as pilots say, very light. it had a significant advantage in the air over enemy fighters, as we said, for example, over the mesa shmidt. another outstanding model of wartime fighters was designed by semyon alekseevich lavachkin, also an amazing aircraft designer, just like yakovlev, he was, how to say, good at administrative work and in design thinking. from thirty-eight to thirty-nine he worked in the main department of the aviation industry

. people's commissariat of heavy industry, where he was the coordinator of the deployment of new aircraft factories. at the same time, labochkin, together with vladimir gormunov and... mikhail gudkov, by the way, the plane was called la gg, precisely because lavochkin, gorbunov, gudkov. they developed the project of this very plane, which was called lakg, and presented it to the competition - to the government of the soviet union. this was in the thirty-ninth year. at the same time , the prototype of the future yak-1 was prepared, and alexander yakovlev they competed with each other. in the fortieth year, lavochkin was appointed chief designer. design bureau of the 21st aircraft factory in the city of gorky, and now, as you know, nizhny novgorod, where the production of these very fighters began. lavochkin was very fond of revolutionary approaches, he used wood for the construction of aircraft as a material for

fighters, but this was for third-generation fighters, the third modification, and used it in all subsequent series of this aircraft. the structure of the material resembled plywood, but it was much stronger, it was specially processed, there was a special adhesive base, the disadvantage of the logs, as pilots say, was the speed was not very high in relation to the speeds of enemy aircraft and all the weapons, for this the pilots complained, and this aircraft began to yield to the enemy in combat, so from 1942, modification of the board began, on the top... the government was under threat to the fighters, in general, it gave preference, closing in 1942, the soviet one of course, i by the seventh, the production of which was already established at full capacity, a new engine was needed, and not water -cooled, air-cooled, which is always

more promising, the members of the design bureau, it was necessary in the shortest possible time without drawings, to come up with something new, they created a sample fighter without drawings. it was march 21 , 1942, test pilot vasily mishchenko lifted the future l5 into the air. the first la5 aircraft entered service in the army in the second half of 1942, and by the end of the war , 1,100 (approximately 130) fighters had been manufactured. in total, about 10 thousand of these same la5 aircraft were produced. the aircraft was controlled by one person, the speed was quite decent 613 km/h, the range was almost 500 km. the engine, naturally, as i said, was air-cooled, more reliable than a liquid-cooled engine, and had a greater survivability in combat, mm, bullet shrapnel holes, you know, but did not disable

the cooling system, by the way, at the same time they were, well, a kind of protection for the pilot from fire, therefore, using all these properties , the pilots threw ... into battle, realizing that the plane would not fail. during the serial production of the aircraft, it was continuously modernized, already in 1943 , an improved version began to enter service with the red army air forces. it was called lа5f, with a forced m82f engine. compared to the merserschmitt, the fighter gained an advantage in speed. and it was much more maneuverable, this was confirmed by all the pilots who flew it. at the end of the forty-third year, an improved fighter la-5fn, which received the designation la-7, took to the skies, became the best aerodynamics of the aircraft, almost 100 kg was less in weight, which allowed

to strengthen the armament, a third twenty-millimeter cannon shvak or b20 was installed. in the last year of the war became one of the main front-line fighters, perhaps, one can say, one of the best aircraft of the second world war, here is lavochkin's plane, they are all about the same, la7, la-9, it was an incredibly flying plane, maneuverable, easy to control, the pilots loved it very much, in the new season on the first, hello, neighbor, you are moving in. "hello, neighbor, we are moving in, and you do not remember what this hole of ours is called, they say, you have gone too far with the neighbor, listen, do you remember, you taught me about the village, morality, this here chastity, and where is all this, where, if my neighbor is climbing on my wife, brazenly, stupidly climbing on my wife, and what

what should i do, i can't live without you, the premiere is on august 26 on the first, the neighbors are some unfriendly places"? vanya refused , am i disgusted, or what? there is no need to impose on them, they want, no need, on the air of the first channel podcast everyone wants to fly, we continue. me, its host, leonid yakubovich. speaking of fighters, naturally, it is impossible not to tell about another unique machine, this is mik. here it is, with my appearance the light, the machine owes to the tandem of two aircraft designers, these are artem mikayan and mikhail gurevich, both outstanding, of course, thinkers, who worked in the aviation industry. they were both from the nikolai polikarpov design bureau, who was... both deservedly called the king of fighters. in 1939, they were given the polikarpov i-200 for modification, it

was planned as a mass fighter with a speed of over 600 km/h, which at that time was simply an enormous speed, that is, the first high-speed fighter of the soviet union, so it received a new powerful am35 engine, which gave it a characteristic astro-nosed appearance, strongly.

in general, one can say, it took root, pilots got used to it, highly valued its characteristic speed qualities, fighter maneuverability, gradually eliminated shortcomings, defects, the aircraft's armament was strengthened, to two shkaz machine guns of caliber 762 and one large-caliber bs of caliber 12.7 they added - a large-caliber bk, which were installed under the wings, here they were visible, here under the wings. they put two more machine guns, during the first battles

the main drawback of the mi-3 was especially clearly manifested - this is the lack of armor glass in the cockpit cap, well, naturally, the losses were quite large, the pilot received serious wounds to the head and chest, well, in general, the mig-3 gradually began to be used as a stormtrooper and dive bomber, although the main advantage of the aircraft... found its application as a high-altitude night fighter in the air

defense system, where its high ceiling and speed at altitude were decisive, well, what else can i say, it was mainly used until the end of the war, in particular, protecting moscow. now i think it would be more correct, of course, to remember the bombers. among these machines of ours have their own legends, one of them - was created by andrei nikolaevich tupolev, one of the outstanding aircraft designers, about whom we will of course tell separately. he was already considered a famous designer, behind whom were several highly successful aircraft of the tb and ant series, which were actively used during the war. well, let's say, the tb3 was the world's first four-engine, free-carrying monoplane, bomber, with an engine. installed in a row along the span in the wing tip. this scheme

became dominant for all aircraft similar type. these were aircraft for different purposes. another outstanding development of tupolev in the thirties is the ant40. sb, high-speed frontline bomber, generally sfb. the most mass-produced aircraft developed by kab tupolev. the speed of the ant-40 was one and a half times greater. speed of serial tb-3 bombers, and the nt-40 had smooth skin, the maximum speed exceeded 420 km / h, higher than ... foreign aircraft of the same class, well, this is a well-known story, in the thirty-seventh year tupolev was arrested on false charges of sabotage, he was imprisoned, worked in the central design bureau-29 of the nkvd, where he was one of the four chief designers, by the way, i saw this sharashka on radio street, it still exists, i think, if you go along radio street, there

is an extreme right turn, and such a semicircular building at the top in a glass dome, they work there. this whole story was known as the tupolev sharaga. in prison, tupolev created the tu-2 aircraft, known as the nt-58 and the 103 aircraft, a twin-engine high-speed day, frontline bomber. legendary machines. many experts call it the best bomber in the war area. according to their data, it certainly surpassed all soviet aircraft of this kind that participated in the war. it carried bombs of a larger caliber, was more reliable and easier to control. the plane was controlled by four people, two pilots, a flight engineer, a flight engineer, and sometimes another person was added who was responsible for bombing. the speed was quite usual, 520 km / h, and

it flew at a distance of 2.0 versts, which was a very large distance at that time. here your... normally it could carry 1 ton of bombs, but it was possible to take 3 tons by reducing the flight range. nevertheless , the plane initially turned out to be crude, but this is known, it had problems with low reliability, especially the engine, therefore, despite the high assessment of the pilots, after military tests in 1942 it failed for almost 2 years, the plane began to enter the army en masse only in 1944, after modifications, especially effectively... the plane supported ground forces, on the very first day of battles for berlin 54 tu-2 dropped 97 tons of bombs on the enemy, that's a lot, the plane bombed berlin until it fell. tupolev was released early in july of 1941, and after the war he created many more outstanding

planes. it must be said that along with tuplev, this is also known, another outstanding person worked in sharaga. petlyakov met this deadline, it is already impossible to imagine, but nevertheless, in december of 1940, serial production of a new bomber called pe2, pawn, began. the plane was controlled by three man, speed 540 km/h, range approximately 1,200 km, bomb load -

1.0 kg. pilot, navigator, slightly behind the pilot. slightly to the right and the gunner rodist, enjoyed incredible popularity among pilots according to the memoirs was of course the best among machines of this type, i am familiar, thank you, lord, with an outstanding woman brok beltsova, who, in my opinion, thank you, lord, is still alive, she flew as a navigator over the pe-2, in such admiring tones spoke about this plane, my heart was simply ... captured, all participants the creation of the p-2 was given freedom in the forties, and petlyakov received the stalin prize of the first degree, such were the times. the design of the p-2, nicknamed peshechka, turned out to be very successful, which allowed for the creation of 22 modifications of the bomber during the war. the aircraft

was used for reconnaissance purposes , and there was a special modification p2r. it did not have bombing equipment, but on board was the first serial soviet aviation radar, it was called gneiss-2. on the peshechka for the first time in the ussr was the electric control scheme was used for many mechanisms. in the design of the aircraft, for example, about 50 electric motors for five different types were used. during the war, the pe-2 was not only the most widespread. dive bomber, but also the most numerous bomber in the soviet armed forces in general, in just 5 years , 11. 1.247, in my opinion, pe-2s of all modifications were assembled. in addition to the main bomber version, there was also a version in the guise of

a heavy fighter, a night fighter, interceptor fighter, reconnaissance aircraft, heavy attack aircraft, training aircraft and even a jet aircraft. on the production model, the pilot's cabin was shifted slightly forward, behind the pilot's seat. slightly to the right was located instead of the navigator. the navigator could also fire the rear-firing shkaz machine gun, which was mounted on a pivot mount. behind the trailing edge of the aircraft's wing was the gunner's seat radio operator, who controlled the shas podfezulage dagger mount. here. the integrity of the p2 dive bombers was their speed, maneuverability, as well as.

those who created amazing, outstanding, the best airplanes in the world. tupalev's student was the outstanding aircraft designer pavel osipovich sukhoi. tupolev supervised sukhoi's diploma work entitled single-seat fighter with a 300 horsepower engine. by that time , it should be said that the aspiring designer was already 30 years old, but he graduated so late. technical school not because he was lazy, but because he was forced to interrupt his studies for 6 years due to the civil war and the need to feed his family, as by the way,

very many, extraordinary talent, amazing efficiency and completely extraordinary thinking, everyone says this, very quickly he became tupolev's right hand, in this capacity he was engaged in the creation of the i-4 and 14 fighters and, naturally, the an-25. the turning point in sukhoi's life was 1936, when a competition was announced among the leading design bureaus of the country to create a short-range bomber under the conditional name ivanov. according to the competition assignment, the teams were ordered to design and build an aircraft with an m-25 engine and you...

judging by what he wrote later, he rated the aircraft very highly, thanks to the victory in the competition, sukhov immediately had his own design bureau and the first aircraft. this most improved ivanov was called su-2, for the first time 16 serial bombers bb-1 were transferred to the close-range bomber regiment, if i am not mistaken, number 135. and all this was in may 1940. the development of the machines, it must be said, went quite quickly, but thanks to the close attention of the government. among

other things, the machine was simple in control, very stable, pilots noted a very good view ahead from the cockpit , convenient, location of the control stick. they said that the plane is easy to operate, it was very convenient for technicians to service it, since they ... had similar access to all units, and therefore repairing the plane , replacing engines, even in difficult conditions, did not present any particular difficulty. at the beginning of the war, soviet pilots had a little more than 400 su-2 aircraft in service, an excellent machine in peacetime, in war conditions, unfortunately, it began to give in technically more prepared machines of the opponent, the enemy. that is, the fascist planes were superior to the sukhoi in speed and maneuverability. the plane could no longer perform the tasks that were originally set

before it, it gave way. to other bombers, but by this time the sukhoi design bureau had developed a new plane, it was called the su-6 fortified attack aircraft, the design drawings of this machine appeared, it must be said, back in 1939, and the first two planes were built in 1941, and already at the beginning of 1942 they were transferred to testing, both prototypes were single-seat armored... with mixed -design coplans. the wing is a center plan, the empennage and the frame of the rudders of the ailerons are metal, the rear part of the physique is wooden with plywood sheathing. the pilot's cabin and fuel tanks were armored. the gun and rifle armament of the su6 attack aircraft consisted of two shkaz machine guns of 762 caliber and two cannons. 23 mm caliber,

vya cannon, all this was located in the wing consoles outside the plane of the propeller, the bombs had a total weight of up to 400 kg, and they were carried in the inner compartments, but already during the tests the sixth su showed an amazing speed of more than 490 km/h, almost 500, it was higher than the best attack aircraft of the war... il-2, we will talk about it a little later, such a speed was achieved mainly due to the use of a new powerful engine m-71. it was lighter in flight weight and even smaller in size. the dry armor was also significantly more improved than that of the il-2. among other things, due to a more rational

distribution of sheet thicknesses, the... total mass armor was only about 690 kg, this is approximately 18.5% of the weight of the empty aircraft, this is a very good result. su-6, having excellent maneuverability and speed indicators, could be successfully used to combat enemy bombers and transport aircraft. this is known, a lot has been written about it. for the creation of the su-6 attack aircraft, sukhoi was awarded the first degree state prize in 1943, the aircraft was recommended for production, that is, it went into production, however, unfortunately, for various reasons reasons to establish mass production of the m-72 engine failed in early 1944 one of the experimental attack aircraft was re-equipped with a water-cooled am-42 engine, approximately 2.0 horsepower, with an air

-cooled m80 engine. with a capacity of 1,700 horsepower, sukhoi showed higher performance in tests than the il-2, but not as significant as with this m71f engine. sukhoi himself considered the installation of the m42 engine, of course, a step backwards, which he repeatedly stated and which he repeatedly wrote about. nevertheless however, such an aircraft was built due to the unreliability of the engine. the tests dragged on until they were finished . it was not this aircraft that was put into serial production, but the il-10 attack aircraft with a similar engine, and the relevance of the dryer was lost. in 1942, the aircraft was taken out of production, which was of course a heavy blow for the aircraft designer, but the dryer continued to work and what it did next, of course, is simply outstanding. now

a few words about the aircraft that i want to talk about separately, this is the attack aircraft, if a fighter is a means of destroying enemy air targets, then an attack aircraft is necessary to provide support to ground troops and, perhaps, the main attack aircraft of the great patriotic war was the il-2, it was, i repeat, the most mass-produced aircraft in the history of aviation, 36 thousand of them were produced. they called it a flying tank, the creator of the aircraft sergei vladimirovich ilyushin, the holder of a record seven stalin prizes, at the very beginning of the war the aircraft was produced only with a pilot, there was no gunner-radio operator, this naturally led to very large losses, ilyushin spoke out sharply at all meetings, but for some reason the military was against it, and stalin supported the modification

of the machine with one pilot. time passed, the losses were very large and we must give credit to the supreme commander, he admitted his mistake, he called ilyushin to him and asked him to start producing machines with a gunner-rodist as soon as possible, this was released quite quickly, and of course, this had a huge impact on the combat capability of the machine, here it must be said that the dynamics of the production of machines was such that there was no time to armor the cabin arrow, the shooter's glazing was no longer there, the shooter flew in general practically defenseless, except for the machine gun itself, he had nothing. but nevertheless, the il-2 became a real front-line soldier, especially scary in experienced hands. as of june 22 , 1941, 249 machines were produced, 50 were

in active units, another 50 were only supposed to arrive in their regiments, but despite the small number, the first il-2 flights were made on june 25, when our pilots had already completely mastered the tactics of introduction. battle, and this was a tactic called all by reason, all reason, the germans suffered huge losses, the machine was very much feared, well imagine 12 machines, even a little more, simultaneously dropping all the ammunition, shooting at the enemy position, there was practically no chance for anyone to survive on the ground, pilots, attack aircraft, especially successfully fought against large concentrations of equipment, tanks, armored vehicles and so on, artillery. during the war, 365 attack aviation regiments of all stages of readiness were formed, out of more than 3,500 attack aircraft built, this is now

a world record. of course, during our we did not tell about all the planes of the great patriotic war on the air, the first channel plans to tell about all... aircraft designers of our country, it should be said that not only aircraft manufacturing, but a lot, science and technology, of course, leaped forward sharply during the great patriotic war, this is natural, because everything was focused on the result, and the planes that were produced at that time, of course, surpassed everything that was done before the war. i repeat, science, technology made it possible to make planes simply magnificent, everyone notes this, and the further development of aircraft construction, the entire aviation industry from this push went sharply

forward, we will talk about what is being produced today, i believe we will conduct this conversation together with oak, the aircraft manufacturing corporation, this will be correct. i want to tell you that all the models of aircraft that we talked about today are presented by the central museum of the air force. i bow before these people who recreated all the machines of the great patriotic war, modern models too. and here i should mention another wonderful event. the central museum of the air force of the country, as part of the contest papa-mama-ya, avia semya, organized a children's drawing contest. and we all of you. together with the central museum, we call on everyone, dad, mom of all children, to take part in this contest. the contest is wonderful, we are waiting for your drawings. there was a hint on the air of the first channel: everyone wants to fly, and i, its host, leonid yakubovich.

this is the easy money podcast, i am its host mikhail khanov, and today we are sorting out the most burning topic, probably, for most of us, how to save money when there is little of it, and in general, more broadly, how to become rich, pay attention, i do not say successful, specifically rich, it is really important, how to earn money correctly, and most importantly, how to relate to it, we have collected questions that you, our tv viewers, listeners, just our audience, ask about all our podcasts, and decided that, perhaps, i myself will try to answer these questions, and i will answer them in as much detail as possible and even i will strengthen them so that you

feel that i am not just somehow avoiding the answers, saying: well, okay, look there, where there, i don’t know, there are links in the description, something else, but i will really try to answer them as much as possible, as thoroughly and as clearly as possible... clearly and distinctly, but before coming to our burning topic, i would like to lay such a foundation, because the questions that you ask and the one that... to speak out, it is very difficult to find

a solution yourself, because if it were simple enough, you would have found it already, but if this question is still pending, then you really need a mentor, you need knowledge that you will use to resolve this situation in a positive way for yourself, for your budget, for your family, for the people who depend on you financially, so be careful about choosing who you listen to, the books that you... consider, or use someone's example, here i will say that the principle, the criterion for choosing a mentor, the choice of whose advice you listen to, is very simple: a person either has to be successful himself, yes, well, like a coach, how to choose a coach, i don’t know, for example, in figure skating, who suits you, if you want to reach the very top in sports, he either has to, if you want to become a world champion, then this coach either has to be a former world champion himself , have good coaching experience, or... in his, let’s say, piggy bank in his background

there should be world champions trained there in singles skating and in something else, in which you decided to become that very champion, that is he must have successful experience in solving a similar problem, translating this into the language of finance, or you torment your close friend with a question, whom you know and who is successful, who has solved a similar problem, who, let's say. choose a mentor for yourself, choose the right

teacher, choose the right advisor for yourself, in simple terms, this is the very first step that needs to be taken, then, in no case should you rush about in the decision you have already made, that is, if you have made a decision, then at least go through the cycle of following that advice, which you get, because if you change your behavior strategy, yes, you saved up like this, then you decided to earn more now. we don’t save up, we spend, then we behave like this, then we hit there, i don’t know, god forgive me, cryptocurrency, then somewhere else, yes, at least endure the cycle, that is, if the advisor, mentor, teacher you chose tells you that you need to live in this configuration for at least six months or better a year, then live this year, look at your results, and then change your strategy, because frequent changes in strategy are obviously not will lead to nothing, another important point, yes, as we mostly... watch these kinds of programs, we listen to this advice

and say to ourselves: yeah, well, this is probably good, this is probably bad, and this is probably great, and this is not great, i will do this, i will not do this, here i would like to say two things, and as i always say in my programs, lectures that i sometimes give to the audience, there are hundreds of books on a healthy lifestyle, but only one of them helps: this is the book from which you at least something you do, but... you didn't put it aside, i'm lying on the couch and took up another one, so about how we should try to learn to improve our financial situation, i would still call the topic of the program that way, yes, how to improve your financial situation, if you are not happy with it now, then there is good news, there is bad news, as always, let's start with the bad, there is no button, yes, or a series of buttons that you press, now there is a very popular game,

the situation is practically fixable, that is the thesis like this: if you are not dead, then everything can be fixed to one degree or another, it would be. desires, everything just has a price, everything has a price in the form of our labor costs, desires and most importantly motivation. if there is no motivation, there is nothing, because, returning to the thesis, we live the way we want. the next step, a very important point, when we talk about

the need to change, the environment that exists around you is very important, that is, if everyone around you looks at this world with sadness and says, well, everything is bad, nothing will not change, then i think that the chances of breaking out with such an environment to a new level of your own personal development of perception of this world are zero, probably, you can give me a thousand examples that here i have this, i have that, here it will not work, here is another principle, the most important one, which you must figure out for yourself like our father, how to have a positive attitude to this? not just get up in the morning there straighten your back there put on a smile here enjoy life and there jump there clap there i don't know exercise to do and so on, you always need to have a list of problems in front of you that you want to solve, and let's say, when you wrote , i want to change my financial situation, i

want to change my income level, i want to change my specialty, i want to change this and that, and so on, you write: this is impossible, because... i don't know, i'm 50 years old or even older, i have such a low-paid specialty, i live in a not very strong region or even in a village, and so on, but it's impossible, because here's the list all of yours, well, i call these excuses for the reasons why you can’t do anything, you give up, oh well, i live the way i am, everything is very simple, you cross out the impossible because you write: it’s possible, if, rework each point, yes, there, it’s possible, if i get my act together, master a new specialty, it’s possible, if i move to another region, it’s possible, if in the end i finally go head-on and ask the manager for the position that i think i deserve, with my expertise, knowledge, and so

on, and either i’ll look for another one there work, because often we talk ourselves out of some opportunities, because it seems to us that it is impossible, you must tell yourself that it is possible, that all changes, they are possible with you too, if you want it, the most important principle, if you want, that is, you are ready to make an effort, you are ready to work on yourself, you are ready to endure some hardships now, you are ready to spend money on your own development, carefully choosing a vector there, so that, yes, you should always know, there i am all this i do it in order to have a list in the future, which it is advisable to reread every day. so, let's move on to your questions, to those questions to which i now hope that my answers will be more understandable, more reasoned, and that you will perceive them correctly. what should you do before you start saving? first of all, you

must answer the question for yourself: why are you doing this at all, because saving is always a limitation. that is , it is a kind of constraint, it is stress, it is your your own limitation, when you limit yourself, you must clearly understand the answer to the question: why? the easiest way is, well , we will not talk now about typical coaching techniques, hang posters all over the house, write on them in large markers, although this also helps, as funny as it sounds, but write in a notebook, yes in a personal diary, there at the end, let's say, yes, everything that i do this... year i do for, yes, in order to get a new specialty, get a new job, get a new position, increase in income, and so on and so forth, and further, again for what? in order to be able to live peacefully, to live freely.