you can't look at just today, but this very premise of chadayev's, that in the past and in today's in the future, it doesn't work, in fact it doesn't work, this publication, it produced the effect of such an explosion, it was necessary to react to it somehow, well nikolai, as you already said, reacted in his usual manner, he summed up the scandal. considering the painful condition of the unfortunate man, the government, in its concern, orders him: not to leave the house , provide him with free medical benefits, in in general he was under this house arrest, they let him out daily only for one walk, and otherwise he was forbidden to write and leave the house, this went on for a whole year, and a doctor from the police came to him every day.

caused a phrase, a paragraph, which, probably, was the most harsh, i will quote: peoples are moral beings, just like individuals, i will note in parentheses that he considered the moral law to be the main thread of the development of society, and in general his philosophical letters are letters about the philosophy of history, before of all, and this philosophy of history is completely religious, that is, the moral law, the gospel law, yes, it is realized in history, in this sense it is a little reminiscent of the late schelling, probably, but these are already other. other details, they are educated by centuries, as people are educated by years, about us it can be said that we are, as it were , an exception among nations, we belong to those of them that, as it were, do not enter into an integral part of the human race, but exist only in order to teach a great lesson to the world, these words are then very often i will quote in different contexts, eh , opponents of the bolsheviks, disillusioned with russia because of the october revolution, will call this lesson to the world the october revolution, quote chiodaev, in turn, critics

of the tsarist regime will use this phrase in order to strengthen their arguments with criticism of the autocracy and so on, very quoted phrases, but often torn out of context, but the fact is that chiodaev really puts the west, europe, at the center of the world, it is this fragment that chiodaev will later refuse apology of a madman, which, unfortunately, none of the readers of the philosophical letter, the first philosophical letter published... telescope, read. it is important to say here that chiadaev's legacy is not limited to the first philosophical letter, it is primarily known . but there were many more. there were eight of them. plus there was the apology of a madman and a number of unpublished articles, they very gradually reached the reading public. in the second letter, for example, chiodaev developed the idea of ​​the superiority of the catholic faith over orthodoxy further. this letter would probably have outraged, perhaps even to no less a degree than the first. builds a philosophy

of history, as i have already said, a completely religious philosophy of history, in one of the letters, in my opinion, eh, in my opinion, in my opinion, in the sixth letter he contrasts aristotle with epicurus, speaking of aristotle as of the children of darkness, and epicurus the materialist, despite the fact that he himself is a religious thinker, chiodae is to a large extent a religious thinker, yes, he elevates the materialist epicurus to pedistal. only here it should be noted that epicurus not in the sense of epicureanism, epicurus himself has a very... how did chiodaev's letters reach the reading public, based on those copies of philosophical letters that at that time... the publisher himself, as you said,

were distributed to the venerating public, only in the sixty-second year were the first, sixth and eighth philosophical letters published in french, abroad. let's take a look, yes the first. this is the nikolaev era, the apology of a madman - this is the time of nicholas ii, the publication, yes, and the full set of philosophical letters, that interesting, a small nuance, gershinzon, the first biographer of chadaev, unfamiliar with most of the philosophical letters, tried to predict their content in his book, was wrong in everything, we continue the podcast russia and the west on the swings of history, today our topic is biography and philosophical... chodaev of his own philosophical letters, yes,

it in many ways resembled such an apology to some extent, or something to russia, but this is an apology.

at the end of his life, odaev was somewhat offended by the fact that the first biographers of pushkin forgot about him friendship with alexander sergeevich, he generally considered his friendship with pushkin to be his happiest years, probably, judging by his letters, yes, he considered it no less, probably even more valuable than the philosophical letters he wrote. yes, one more thing, a lot of thoughts are scattered throughout the letters, just like you're talking about letters, so here's another thing...

perhaps, perhaps, although i repeat that as a result, yes, it was a kind of intellectual provocation, it served as an impetus for the development of russian, so to speak, thought, political, social and so on further, because this sharpness, especially, yes, not only the text itself, not the idea itself, even this was a kind of blow to the gut, yes, without this astrata. maybe there would not have been such an effect, but the idea itself, and the fact that it was expressed so sharply, it led to the fact that our people, well, thinking people, for the first time they thought about the originality of russia, about its place in the world in general, about its

future, about the fate of russia, further, yes, it was a painful blow, on the other hand, this blow gave an impulse. first of all, it belongs to the west, that of the east i quote my own history, which has nothing in common with ours, it is inherent, as we have just seen, a fruitful idea, which at one time determined the enormous development of reason and which fulfilled its purpose with amazing force, but which is no longer destined to manifest itself again on the world stage, having

in mind the placement of the spiritual principle in the foreground. by the way, chiodaev was also mistaken about the world stage, since now in the 21st century we see that the east, china, first of all, is showing a new turn of its own. and chiodaev, of course, overestimated the colonial the successes of europe, yes, the decline of the east, deciding that this is a constant, yes, he was wrong here too, but on the other hand. can see the truth for one and a half hundred years ahead, but chiodae in her apology directly wrote her tasks. i only said, i only repeat that it is time to take a clear look at our past and not in order to extract from it old decayed relics, old ideas absorbed by time, old antipathies with which the common sense of our sovereigns and the people themselves have long since done away. but in order to find out how we should treat our past. here in fact, why he possibly wrote. this is what i tried to do in the work, which remained not. was not supposed to serve as a vision,

there was no doubt impatience in her expressions, harshness in her thoughts, but the feeling that permeates the entire passage is not at all hostile to the fatherland, this deep feeling of our weaknesses, expressed with pain, with grief, only, that is, it is not that he takes his words back, but he admits that he, one might say, went too far with... you can call it an explosion, you can call it an intellectual provocation, as you like, anything, in this case hertzin was right, who, therefore, compared this publication with such a shot in the night, and he wrote that a shot rang out in this dark night, whether something was drowning, announcing its death, whether it was... a signal, a call for help, news about butre or that he would not be there,

it was still necessary to wake up, well, if we talk about the majority, then of course this shot, so to speak, woke everyone up, but at the same time, everyone waking up, simply cursed the culprit, so to speak, of the scandal, the noise on street, and then the ordinary man fell asleep again, here... he even compared the trace left by chaadaev with the trace on glass that a diamond leaves, such a deep trace, i will cling to mandelstam's metaphor, mandelstam is a brilliant poet, this also manifests itself in prose, and even in his articles, when a diamond on glass, i think that few of our viewers listeners have scratched glass with a diamond, or with iron on glass, yes, but when a diamond scratches glass, it is also a very unpleasant sensation, yes, he is not just his...

against the lazy and heavy background of moscow nobility, i loved to look at him among this slovenly nobility, frivolous senators, gray-haired rakes of honorable nonentity, no matter how dense the crowd was, the eyes found him immediately, well, actually - that's how pyotr yakovlevich chadayev remained, if you...

different thinkers to turn again for irritation and even if his works leave only irritation, this is already an important

factor, and such an irritating factor, probably, chiodayev will remain in our history, of course, it was a historical podcast russia-west on the swings of history, with you were pyotr romanov and sergei solovyov, study history with us. you can watch all episodes of the podcast russia west on the swings of history on the channel one website. galasa kuzeeva, this is let's get married, good afternoon, today is the groom. 42 years old, married close friends at the same time, gave birth to children almost synchronously, and after the divorce, without agreeing, tried on the status of mistresses. valentina,

owner of an agricultural enterprise and an expert on...