that it's time to eat after they've passed out from hunger, but this is a common story, you want to say, it's very difficult to talk about statistics, because only in 2013 did this start to be discussed as a separate diagnostic category, research is still underway, so it's difficult to talk about some percentages, but in general i think it will be about the level of nervous anorexia, somewhere around 1-5% of the population, is this perhaps more related to people with autism spectrum disorders? there are correlations, yes, we really do, firstly, in people with autism and the autism spectrum we see an eating disorder, in the opposite direction we will also see autistic traits, but in general there are three groups that can be distinguished today: these are people who have a very disturbed physiological hunger, plus they have practically no hunger for tastes, so many of us have this story that we ate something,

well, we ate soup, a cutlet, and now we want something sweet, we are full, but the taste buds need something else, and here it is missing, and people can, well, like eat the same food, the same taste, they are quite happy with it, they eat little, not a lot of variety, and this is one group, the second group of people are people who have similar. and very strongly developed nipples, that is, they are such natural tasters, since childhood they do not like food that has a bright taste for them, and these are children who eat pasta, pasta with cheese and cheese, in my opinion , these are the children who predominate now, that is , they choose food that has a very neutral taste, very understandable, and as a rule, these are carbohydrates, that is...

here, on the contrary, we can see a situation when a person is overweight, because they also have a very unbalanced diet, the third group is people who in childhood experienced some kind of, let's say, trauma in their relationship with food, they choked very badly, got burned, got scared, got poisoned, they have this experience, it kind of begins to change their eating behavior, that is , food begins to frighten and the child begins to avoid it, he choked on soup, removes all liquid food altogether, or choked on cutlets and stops eating meat, because it is reminds me, here in fact very different people can fall under the category of orfit, it is called avoidant restrictive disorder of food intake, with very different such past experience, but it can be harmless, for example, i have a child friend who does not eat red food, he does not eat strawberries, he does not eat tomatoes, it depends on how

limited the diet is, that is, if the diet is so limited that it already has certain consequences for health, then it is dangerous, it is good if the person simply does not eat tomatoes, well, in the end, everyone has taste preferences, this is not yet an eating disorder, it's a relief, yes, thank you, and what is not a disorder at all, what is just some kind of, well, as you said, how to distinguish yes, how to distinguish pathology from... not pathology, again, there are quite clear diagnostic criteria, and if we are talking about avoidant eating disorder - this is such a continuum, we have a food pyramid, there are complex carbohydrates, there are proteins, vegetables, fruits, fats, sugars, and - at in severe cases, a person eats one or two products, in principle, in milder forms, this is one or two products from each. this

category from each, from each layer of the pyramid. taste preferences are taste preferences, if this does not affect the functioning of the body, this is a preference. if the question arises that the structure of nutrition cannot be changed, perhaps a person needs, for example, to add some - food additives, separately, sometimes they are directly prescribed these nutritional supplements that are used, functional, yes, here we are talking about. yeah, and are there any genetic predispositions, well, let's say, it can be traced in the family, and we can say that it is genetically based, it is believed that there is, again, it is difficult to determine the genetic component right now, but since we are talking about the correlation with the autism spectrum, yes, most likely there will be some structural features of the same taste buds. well, most likely yes,

there is some genetic basis. we continue the podcast substance deception, we are talking about eating disorders. this is olesya nosova, with me zukhrapa. and natalia fomyacheva. well, by the way, you said something interesting, about the fact that, ah, some children, since childhood, prefer to eat pasta, pasta with cheese, cheese and so on, because their taste buds are very well developed, they are such potential, as you said, tasters, potential tasters, does this mean that if a person is overweight, if he loves pasta with cheese, then this is dying in him. taster, that he just needs to pump himself up a little. in fact, we do not rely on the body mass index, when we diagnose an eating disorder or an eating disorder, it can coincide, but again, not all people with anorexia nervosa are thin, because now

according to the new diagnostic criteria we say that anorexia nervosa is weight loss, it is the dynamics of weight loss. at what weight a person got there, it is not important. so here to say like this, that you weigh so much, therefore you have this - it is too much of a simplification, and what dynamics should there be for it to look scary for nervous anorexia - 30% of the initial weight in 6 months, this is a lot, well, that is, for a woman of 60 kg this is 20 kg loss 20 kg, yes almost up to 18-20 kg, yeah, yeah, significant, is it always required? inpatient treatment for nervous anorexia? yes, it is very desirable, because in fact it is a complex disorder, and there you need a team, there you need a psychologist who specializes in eating

disorders, there you need a psychotherapist or psychiatrist, there you need a therapist, general practitioner, there it is desirable a gastroenterologist, endocrinologist and so on, therefore. well, of course, it is desirable that it be a team. well, nervous anorexia is not genetically determined, it is genetic. there is such a predisposition. yes, there is a predisposition to a paradoxical experience of hunger. people with nervous anorexia, or rather, no, people with such a genetic predisposition do not feel hunger as discomfort. yeah. that is, they feel that they are hungry, but in general it gives them more activity. ease, they even like the experience to some extent hunger, so if a girl with such a predisposition, as a rule, these are girls, decides that she needs to lose weight, she will lose weight while she is losing weight, yes, that is, a person who does not have such a predisposition, there will most likely

be breakdowns, there will be a restriction, a breakdown, maybe nervous bulimia will develop, here come, we call it restrictive anorexia, when it is maintained... a very narrow calorie corridor there 500-600 calories per day maybe, this can only be maintained for a long time if you have a genetic predisposition to cope with hunger, there are questionnaires, tests to check yourself for some autestetic, for example, with eating disorders there is the itinattitude test, it236, it is called, there is a dutch. questionnaire of eating behavior, there are also separate questionnaires for bulimia, for orthorexia, there is a questionnaire of body image, because again we return to the fact that the root lies in such a distorted perception of oneself,

therefore yes there are tests, you can take them, and what is arthorexia, so that our listeners simply understand what we are talking about, nervous orthorexia is an eating disorder that is characterized by the fact that a person always eats only the right food, yes, i don't eat the right food all the time, in fact, yes, it is - such - taco, such a relationship with food, where there is a lot of anxiety, and a person is always worried that if he eats some wrong food, some very serious consequences will occur, so in general, under nervous orthorexia i will.

the criteria are suitable, then yes, at the same time , again, sometimes vegetarianism can be attributed to nervous orthorexia, if it is based on this this anxiety, and if it is a choice, for example, for some religious reasons, this does not apply to orthorexia, there the core is precisely this experience of anxiety, that food kind of stains my body, somehow has a very bad effect, perforates the intestines, that all this is still done there, and karma, yes, i am trying to regulate all this.

that is, how likely is it that others can follow her examples of induced delirium, yes, in general we are talking about the fact that we always have three components: we have a body, where there will be some genetic predisposition, some metabolic features, something else, yes, for example, people with nervous bulimia have a reduced aversion to vomiting, because vomiting is generally an unpleasant thing, but there are people who genetically tolerate work easier. and there are factors associated with the psyche, there is nervous anorexia, high

perfectionism, you need to do everything perfectly, very well-developed volitional qualities, there is a lot of anxiety, that is, there are other mental features, there is an environment, and uh, i don’t remember exactly now, in my opinion, on fitzhe it is it was recorded that when television appeared there, when they started broadcasting beauty contests, the curve of eating disorders immediately went up sharply, that is, the environment influences us, the idea that you need to keep yourself in some kind of shape, to correspond to the standard and do this through dietary restrictions, it can be contagious, of course, well, contagious conditionally, great, at the same time, if it is perceived like this, then the opposite story can also happen, here, as it happens, there is no genetics, most likely, yes, the designation of the fact that this is... on nose and this is wrong, is it possible to return a person to normal nutrition, or is it not so easy? in general, we can say

that if a person independently comes out of an episode, for example, nervous anorexia or nervous bulimia, most likely there was no strong genetic predisposition, we know such cases and there patients say that at some point i realized that i was doing something wrong with myself, so i really stopped, suffered there for a couple ... who can be most effective, say that you are beautiful, just the way you are there is, we love you and there are no, no

problems with the body, or it all won’t work, it doesn’t work, if we could cure our loved ones in families, we would be sitting without work, i agree, therefore, and there are protocols for organizing nutrition for patients with nervous anorexia, when we teach family members to really build this whole environment in such a way that... it was support, yeah, but without specialists in severe cases, of course, it’s very difficult, but telling a person that he is beautiful, just the way he is, you can do it without eating disorders, in general, it is necessary, and by gender criterion, it is significant, we have a lot of boys with anorexia, somewhere around 10 percent, yeah, of the total number, that is , 10, 9 to one, approximately yes, approximately the same story, yeah. and by age is there a correlation? well, yes, most debuts are adolescence, yeah, that is, puberty,

the entrance to puberty, accompanied by a change in the body, the appearance of fatty tissue, the appearance of some emotional experiences about the fact that here i was not loved, here i was rejected, here i was not accepted here, when all this collapses for adolescence this is the most typical story, but there was practically no debut in adulthood. the legendary multi-part film based on the novel by yulian semenov tas is authorized to declare tomorrow on the first, in the new season on the first, tell me, is it possible to do business in my city without me, you komolov, oleg

viktorovich, here is the resolution on your arrest, tonight the museum was robbed, what does my dad have to do with it, right? tell me, the director is local, from leningrad, with his wife and daughter we arrived, my daughter is grown up, she's going to be an artist, that's how it is, the museum was robbed at night, the area is quiet, they don't sleep only in houses where they sell wine and more often, so what's going on here, maybe we can come to some agreement, and 500, what's up, okay, and how did you, hell, sly, fall for a simple scam, and everything looked so convincing, and you're not afraid at all that we'll get bogged down in these affairs, but they're bad, dad, good, he needs help, unfortunately, money can't do this five seven oh what and you were just amazing and your partners also call me mark natanch barshak i kind of look after this city and its environs, i need your talent in one

very interesting and risky case. ninel - the premiere of a multi-part film. from monday on the first, and you know that she has a patron, an adult appeared, thanks to whom i am here, and not in a cell, and what is it worth, you know? with you again the podcast deception of substances and its permanent host, the editor-in-chief of komsomolskaya pravda olesya nosova endocrinologist, with us today. rather not that the person has ceased to be accept, he hadn't accepted himself before, his psyche had simply coped with it, but here at some point some strong stress could

have an effect, loss, for example, yes, it happened. that is, the death of a partner, there was a predisposition to this kind of reaction, something started to happen further, so the person starts to go into this idea of ​​losing weight. for pregnant women, pregnancy can become a trigger for starting, because the body changes, yes, it grows, again, we pay a lot of attention to how much we weigh pregnant, she has to fit into some kind of framework all the time, this can also be. very strong stress, well, probably, the instinct of motherhood helps a lot to hold on, because it is dominant, most likely, there is a separate eating disorder, progorexia, this is an eating disorder in pregnant women, those who had episodes of nervous anorexia, nervous bulimia in adolescence are at risk, but in general it can debit without this, yeah, this is

what interested me as an endocrinologist, if one boy, right? nine girls are many, so there is some serious endocrinological basis here, estrogens somehow influence everything here, as you are in this, maybe you came across some studies on this matter, here, firstly, it is rather a social factor, because boys should not lose weight, our boys should still build up muscle mass more, they should this is about the message of society, and there is such a husband. such a variant of anorexia, it used to be even called bigorexia from the word big, when men a very lot of effort they are trying to have these relief muscles, and their diet is also very distorted, because there is a schedule of meals, a very strict diet, some of these supplements, in general the content there is also

anorexic, my body should look only this way and not otherwise, all my mental psychic activity is directed at this, but since there is no dramatic weight loss, then it seems like it is not so scary, although we also, i think that you as an endocrinologist are great there can you tell us about all the consequences of that diet, yes, which we see in such people, that is why on the one hand our society does not encourage boys to lose weight, especially if they are within the norm, on the other hand, again here well... it was said that when beauty contests appeared, there was a sharp surge, but in general there are some statistics that earlier this disease was encountered there five times less often,

now five times more, or then they did not diagnose it and did not think about it at all , something like that, that progresses, like obesity in seventy-sixth year now there are four times more people there, well firstly , after all, they started diagnosing it relatively recently, so some part of people... they just didn't get in, and from the descriptions that we have, we often see a different content, that is, also a woman, there a girl refuses to eat, weight decreases, but the content, for example, some kind of religious asceticism, yeah, why is this done, in general, nervous anorexia has not been differentiated from schizophrenia for so long, because that it was considered one of the options simply. schizophrenia, when it was singled out as an independent disease, naturally our curve went up, because diagnostic criteria appeared, but cases

of such voluntary refusal of food with a fatal outcome, they occurred before, yeah, but now in principle body positive should help a little, after all, the criterion does not help much, yes, it does not help much, it was introduced in vain, that 's for sure, no, it was introduced for a reason, but... our statistics are not optimistic yet, well, regarding body of positivity, i have a very complicated impression about the bud of positivity, since olesya touched on it, when a person with morbid obesity, with any obesity, is offered not to be embarrassed, not to worry about this, and most importantly, there is no need to worry, do nothing, it is tragic when a person has no arm and they tell him: everything is fine, you are no worse, but it happened. that's good, but when a person is unfortunately told, accept everything as it is and do nothing about it, it is terrible, in essence, in its own way, you understand, if we are talking specifically about overeating syndrome, then

the main mechanism for triggering overeating, breakdowns are restrictions, and here for me the same body positive is about the fact that i am rebuilding this attitude towards myself from the position of i am terrible, fat and ugly, i am ashamed. i need to do something urgently about this , punish myself for what i eat, limit myself, and with words, we all know what words people can call themselves, will not lead to recovery, will lead to recovery, the emergence of acceptance of the fact that yes, this is how it is for me now, i i don’t scold myself for this, i don’t punish myself, but i, for example, choose to take care of myself, i take care of myself from a position of care, kindness and... a difficult, difficult, of course, very , very question, because what you described is an ideal situation, ideal, a person realizes at some point, and he

wants to live on healthy and so on and so forth and based on this, he most likely chooses something healthy, yes, but at first again a little exaggeratedly, yes , i just don’t need a person to call himself fat or others to call him that, and my the task as a doctor, i can't force anyone to become healthy, but i can't help but explain to him what threatens him with everything that is now only in its infancy, if you are a doctor, then yes, but for some reason we think that with overweight people they need to convey that they are overweight, every person passing by, no, i don't pounce on everything that moves, no, i don't doubt it, i mean that body positivity is also about the fact that in general a person has certain personal boundaries, when everyone... everyone considers it their duty to inform what is happening to them something is wrong, but of course, it does not lead to mental balance at all, no, i once asked this when i came into the office, a full man, a long time ago, i say,

sit down, your complaints about excess weight, he said, no, i am fine with that, it was much more than 100 kg, since then i have not asked the question, are you overweight, why did you come here, but then, in my opinion, it is still necessary to explain so as not to frighten, but to give the person a general picture, and he could understand, i would really like our listeners today understood that an eating disorder is a problem, it is not treated with care, care for treatment, it is very useful in the family, everything else to a specialist, just let's take the overeating syndrome associated with obesity, yes, that is, a person really, because a person can have overeating, but at the same time the body mass index is normal. so we have a person overeating, overeating, overeating, then he somehow weighs a lot, he comes to the doctor, the doctor says: you need to limit yourself in food, or in general there...

go for bariatric surgery, yes, do bariatric surgery, if yes, why did a person overeat before, because it was his way of regulating emotions, you can't just take it, take it away and give nothing in return, we see very frightening statistics, for example, suicides after bariatric surgery, depressive episodes, what is bariatric surgery, so that we don't forget, these are various operations that are aimed at... reducing the volume of the stomach so that people who overeat cannot overeat, yes or some eat less, eat less, yes, that's it here the tool was taken away, the psyche still remains very unstable, for example, there again studies show that if we take women with a body mass index above 35, whose body mass index increased as a result of overeating, then 90. there 2-93% of

them have a history of severe trauma, usually sexualized, no, rape, well psychologically, yes, yeah, and this is their, well that is, their overeating develops essentially within the framework of post-traumatic stress disorder, you can simply take and forbid them to eat, well in in general, what can we do with ptsd, it is always an interdisciplinary problem, i also always resort to the help of psychiatrists, psychologists, psychotherapists, otherwise it does not work, having taken away one thing, you need to give something else, but overeating can be cured in the end, let's ask this question, for a woman yes, yeah, because it is believed that somewhere around 60% of patients after 5 years begin to break down again, and hypnosis, no, no, now

the gold standard is a combination of behavioral therapy with cognitive emotional, that is, we work with food diaries, we work with identifying triggers that start episodes of overeating, we work with those emotions, teach a person to regulate their emotions differently, not through food, we work with post-traumatic stress disorder, that's all we work with hypnosis - that would be great. everyone really wants to come once, and it's better not to come at all, yes, i'll just call the doctor on the phone, he'll tell me something there, and i 'll magically stop eating, no, it doesn't work that way, he'll disenchant, yes, well, that is, it's on year history, yes, well, yes, let's finish our, our wonderful program, with us was a candidate of psychological sciences, natalia famyacheva, and we talked about eating disorders, natalya,

thank you very much, thank you, thank you. thank you, hello everyone, this is a podcast about the culture of everyday life, today we have a topic about how to furnish a small apartment, because it seems to me that in principle we have a country of small apartments, and today i have amazing guests, a legendary person, alexei ginsburg, the grandson of that... architect, and he took the restoration into his own hands people's commissariat of finance, and alexey, in fact, the architect himself, who built the house , restored this house, and now it is a masterpiece, not washed, beautiful, updated, and polina streltsova, who is the senior curator of the zotov center for constructivism, they are currently having a magnificent exhibition, the constructivist architecture of 1917-1937 is working, yes, in

general.

but a completely different meaning, because the khrushchevs are a social resettlement program, whose main task was mass, and there no one looked at anything other than the housing itself, yes, the apartments are small, in fact , there are more apartments in the narcomini than in other krushchevkas, there are different types of apartments, we just got used to cells like - f 37 m, but now 37 m, this is such an absolutely normal format, this is what we are designing for today's business class, this is for...

therefore, space, public space, a huge variety was created by the community, the house is like a social programmer, or as western researchers called it at the time, social condenser, social condenser,

because really people, i talked to people and read memoirs, talked to people who lived there in different years, and who live there now and who lived there temporarily 20 years ago, they all told me that the house kind of formed a community out of them, that this very... social program, as it was conceived, it works this way now, all these public spaces, the place where they meet, starting with these bright corridors, which are like streets, actually in the carbezier houses the successors of the people's commissariat of finance already in post-war europe, they were called streets, this is also part of the public space, that is , to create a human environment, to create a living environment around the apartment, a small apartment itself, it is such a corner where you feel absolutely protected, fully supplied with everything you need, but in addition to this around.

and the rest left for evacuation in forty -first, returned already in forty-third, yeah, after the war they began to divide it into communal apartments, here is my grandfather's apartment, for example, three families lived there, and what area is this, well, 100 m, this is one of the largest apartments at the end, semicircular balconies on the south side, they settled there, there were three families, i talked to a person who lived there, who was a representative of one of these three families. he told me about this life, it is incredibly interesting, but it had nothing to do with the people's commissariat of finance, nor with its social program, and that is, it is interesting to communicate with people, but imagine even in a hundred-meter apartment three families who live, this is what they would call trash now, well yes,

now there are house chats, which show us that all friendship and socialization ends when an extra parking space is discussed, but this is the norkomfin house, yes , the project drawing, this is the project of a cell f, one and a half stories, where you can clearly see how the space passes, flows, and the volume is visible, this color scheme was already laid down from the very beginning, because it also increased this space, his business is much richer, it is very complex, not invented for beauty, but exclusively from a rationalized, analyzed impact on a person coloristic scheme, in the house then live, when we were engaged in its restoration, these color solutions became even richer, each wall had its own shade, we took them out from the inside, so to speak, with the help of. ordinary devices for examination, and this is very interesting, but here we see this space, exactly the one that shows how from small you can make a large one, this shade of the ceiling is like a color supposed to be one to one, but here is some

he, there was a color scheme developed, these were the first steps, during the construction of the house, when we were researching, each apartment changed a little, there were no two identical apartments in terms of painting, that is, experiments were clearly already underway in the process of finishing. well, they practically made all the apartments individual, i just mean, i have such a practical question, that is, for example, this shade of the ceiling is not standard, yes, because the standard is white, it kind of works on its own, doing... something or it is somehow only in in combination with all these colors, i don't know what expands the space, improves the mood? in general, one of the ideas was that if the floor is dark and the ceiling is dark, as if the walls would move apart a little , the walls would be light, but this was one of the ideas, in the end , during construction, another prevailed, when those surfaces that were facing the afternoon sun, they were painted in warm shades, and those that were facing the morning sun in cold, bluish, gray, there was a set of colors, there were about 16 shades of different colors, which in different combinations used, there was just a photo of this

cell after restoration, that is, how it looks now, here, by the way, is the kitchen, a one and a half meter kitchen element that we designed, well , the kitchen was supposed to be in this place, in the house on gogolevsky they had already started making them even then in the thirties, on campina not yet, but all the gas stoves were in these places, shelves and kitchen tables were in these places, we simply made a modern kitchen element there, even with this built-in, built-in air conditioner above kitchen, so that it wouldn't... be visible, we decorated it, well, in the style in which the house was made, actually , you see the height, 375, it already sets a completely different feeling, well, of course, now it's difficult to make such one-and-a-half-story combinations in modern houses even from the point of view of our fire regulations, when one and a half floors on one side and two on the other, so that it's convenient to wash, yes, it's a single element, all this is very technological, well, here's the bathroom, the bathroom from the people's commissariat of finance where. in general, we didn't try to create such caricatures, i don't know, toilets with chains

and what the industry of that time could offer, it lagged far behind the authors' idea, so we didn't want to restore such a caricatured way of life, but the tiles on the floor and the white tiles on the walls, they are, in general , specially laid out in the same way as they were in the apartments themselves at the beginning, and the furniture in the bathrooms is extremely minimalistic, because the idea of ​​the authors was... but a simple, aesthetic, but very simple, laconic environment. and what is this? this is a washbasin that we came up with ourselves during the restoration process, since we moved the toilets in small apartments directly from the toilet directly into the bathroom, making it combined, there is a shower stall, a small washbasin toilet, we needed to make the washbasin a little larger, we put it as if in the room, in the bedroom actually, so that it would close and not be perceived. we made plumbing, came up with such a lid, which then also made

a mirror on the inside, so that this well like a washbasin somewhere maybe that is a bathroom i room according to the drawings was only like behind this opening yes only that behind the doorway, yes pauline, so constructivism turns out to have been for how many 10 years, well in its heyday, it seems to me even five, that's why what do you think, why is it like that, if you forget about some things there separate these dining rooms without... like somewhere kitchens truth was not there, and sometimes there were very, well apartments in constructivist houses of moscow, and not only, where there were no bathrooms, like why is that everything ended so abruptly, well, it didn't end abruptly, it was heading towards this and the context was changing, the socio-political demand was changing, it was social housing, and what was very important at the beginning was to provide the maximum number of workers, ordinary people, proletarians. housing, a comfortable environment, for this new forms

of life were developed, closer to the end of the thirties, when the first five-year industrialization plan began, the country faced slightly different tasks, about providing people with a comfortable environment, these cozy houses for workers, in which there are kitchen factories, which have clubs, and even more so typical furniture in apartments, nice, that's definitely out of the question. and it also seems to me very important when we talk about the difference between the khrushchev-era buildings of this first avant-garde, this is really the design of a certain environment and a new model of life by architects, because these public spaces and the space of clubs are a space for creativity, for self-development, they had to form, design this new, in every sense , developed person, from the outside inside, when we we are talking about khrushchev-era buildings - after all, other goals were set and there were some experiments

that continued this experience of social construction, for example, the house of new life in the ninth quarter of cheremishki, or northern chertanovo, because to directly abandon the idea of ​​a new person or completely cancel this vector of building communism, yes, the fact that at the twelfth congress they announced that in the eighties there would be communism, now this is how... they demonstrated such a strange inversion of these ideas of the avant-garde, because the avant-garde and constructivism, it was about a new life, khrushchev-era buildings are yours, albeit small, but your corner of this mishchansky happiness, these new forms of life and settlement, they ultimately went nowhere, and even those

experiments that continued in the sixties, there is this house of new life of our vernik, which is now the house of a graduate student and intern, this experiment was recognized as unsuccessful, although. there was a powerful social program for the construction and proposal of a new system of life, it seems to me, in this sense, of course, architecture is such a field of creativity, which, well, architects are such demiurges, they can offer us something, and if society responds to this offer, and if the state also supports it somehow, then you can really move forward somewhere, it seems to me that khrushchev-era buildings are all different, well, that is , at first there really were some super radical ones, like everyone else... yes, experiments, this is the k7 series, where the ceiling height is 260, and then, of course, the standards changed, and the footage changed, and khrushchev-era buildings became more friendly for people, the quality itself the construction of these houses was not bad, the old brick series, when they were not yet

prefabricated, they were built quite well, then the prefabricated ones were of worse quality, the sizes of the apartments there did not change much, they were plus or minus... similar, it was just that for people who lived in basements and communal apartments, it was a blessing to get a separate apartment, and after the war, well, the number of people who lived in monstrous poverty was huge, well, look, it also turns out that such a mass exodus to krushchevka, it is like it seems to me that it completely changed the aesthetics of everyday life, well, people were leaving the barracks, well , there weren't so many barracks, like communal apartments, from communal apartments, of course. people completely , it was impossible to take all this with you, and some new furniture that had to be looked for, i don't know, it already existed by that

time, after the war, it was designed, this is just the first constructivism, the first avant-garde , about these norms. i wanted to comment, we have an exhibition about this, in fact, and the norms of that, well ergonomics, yes, the so-called science of how you can comfortably position yourself in, i don't know, a chair, how you stand, how you walk, how you sit, these minimum standards began to be calculated back then, then about this , well, in fact, little is known, but these studies continued, for example, lazar cherrikov, who is the dynamo stadium. and he made his books about these movement standards and calculated the minimum in centimeters, how you can comfortably put on a coat, how you can comfortably position yourself in the hallway or put on shoes literally, it was his research that laid the foundation for these snips and standards

that were laid down in the khrushchev-era buildings, and there really was a task to calculate. the minimum possible permissible space for human life, it turns out that people parted with their roots, well, i don’t know, grandma’s chest of drawers, these are also roots, beautiful furniture and so on, and they were forced to buy, well , basically, what a friend came across in general, yes, so what do you think, something changed in i don’t know, in the aesthetic perception of people, of course, just for small apartments , different furniture was needed, that's it... the aesthetics of what is now called mid-century, well, like the middle of the 20th century, it was generally manifested in this, maybe it was much poorer, no one was particularly eager to spend any resources on furniture, but people could buy furniture for small apartments that fit in them and...