that's right, go ahead, go ahead, mr. cultural advisor.

mr. ambassador, last night on the krasnoluzhsky bridge, while attempting to conduct a secret communication session with an american intelligence agent, a citizen of the ussr, sergei dubov, was detained red-handed by the cultural advisor of the american embassy

in moscow, robert luns, in the container intended for the spy there were ampoules of poison, large sums of soviet money, as well as gold jewelry. during the previous communication sessions, the agent was equipped with weapons, a photo pen with replaceable cassettes, here is a pen designed for photographing secret documents. you can also see here various types of containers that were used by cia employees working in moscow. to communicate with your agent, please show us the microfilm and the instructions with recommendations for collecting information constituting a state secret of the ussr. thank you. the weapon, the ampoule with poison, is not the only evidence that the united states encroached on the sovereignty of our country, and through its central intelligence agency, carried out subversive and terrorist activities on the territory

of the ussr. mr. ambassador, i ask you to familiarize yourself with a copy of the latest assignment that the cia sent to its agent in moscow. these questions are indisputable evidence that the plan for a military coup in the republic of nagonia has been fully developed and prepared for implementation on the fourth of this month, by specialists from the us central intelligence agency, but today, as you can see, it is already the sixth, mr. ryomin, it has been developed and prepared for implementation on the fourth, however, due to technical reasons, the date of the coup has been postponed to 4:00 a.m. on the twenty -first. we will immediately give the widest possible publicity to the information received by soviet counterintelligence. tas is authorized to make an official statement on this matter.

as for lunts, i believe that 24 hours will be quite enough for him to leave our country. however, we want to be sure that your government will take appropriate steps to prevent aggression in nagonia,

mr. ambassador. i am ready to undertake to guarantee you that i will inform you immediately.

russia's nuclear shield, for 75 years it has been protecting our country in the air, on land, on water. the arctic, air temperature -52 degrees, silence and endless ice. for the first time in the world , three russian

nuclear submarines surface at the same time, at a distance of only 300 meters from each other, demonstrating the capabilities of our navy. the fifth-generation missile system sarmat. it contains technology that allows for a strike on enemy territory along a suborbital trajectory through the south pole land. range - any point on the planet. 10 controlled thermonuclear blocks, with a capacity of 750 kilotons each. for comparison, the atomic bomb baby, with which the americans destroyed...

for you, soviet, russian people, is unattainable. already in september 1945, the first plan for atomic bombing of the soviet union, in the history of mankind war. and the americans thought it would be easy to finish us off. they were wrong. today we know this for sure. in the 75 years since the test of the first soviet atomic bomb rds-1, russia has become the world leader in nuclear power. but at what cost, with what efforts did the country, destroyed, hungry,

having lost 27 million lives during the second world war, manage to do what seems impossible even today, how did it manage to create not just its own bomb, but an entire nuclear industry in 4 years? the answer to these questions can be found in the story of a man who for most of his life was the most guarded secret of the soviet union. this.

in the nineties, it became known about the role that intelligence played in our nuclear project. its achievements cannot be underestimated, but nothing would have happened without our scientists and engineers, who managed to do the seemingly impossible. u... unique archival footage. 1991. 42 years after the testing of the soviet atomic bomb, chief designer yuliy borisovich khariton briefly lifts the curtain of secrecy about the creation of our nuclear shield for the first time in an interview with journalists. everyone was under a lot of tension. i especially didn't have any worries, and after all, it was not only about his own

life, the course of which was controlled by lavrentiberia himself, but about saving our country. soviet intelligence confirmed that there was almost no time. trubman invited oppenheimer to his office and asked when the soviet union would be able to create an atomic bomb. oppenheimer thought and said: "it is difficult for me to name the date of creation of this bomb." trumar said: and i know when never. this was the statement of the american president. before the explosions in hiroshima and nagasaki, the americans had already tested an atomic bomb on their territory on july 16 , 1945, and less than a month later an analogue of this bomb was dropped on nagasaki. the american nuclear project was more than ten nobel

laureates are involved. when we started working on our atomic bomb, there were only 70 people familiar with the subject. khariton was among them. without a doubt, he was a theoretical physicist who was on first-name terms with nuclear physics and theoretical issues. back in 1921, the future nobel laureate and founder of chemical physics, nikolai semenov, invited a seventeen-year-old polytechnic student, yuli khariton, to work in his laboratory. he was to study the oxidation of phosphorus pores. the results obtained were as follows, what semenov said. in 10-20 years he will discover something like this, einstein himself would never dream of it, and

what was predicted came true. yuli khariton was born in 1904 in st. petersburg. it is not easy to find places associated with his name today, but we are lucky. tatyana valieva, a street art guide, is interested in the history of st. petersburg. and knows the places associated with the chief designer of the first soviet atomic bomb well, this is khariton's first place of study, the commercial school. according to this order, a percentage of jews was provided for, who were allowed to be accepted to study at public expense. yuliy khriton did not get into it, and it was

too expensive for his father to teach his son for money. only in 1915 he arranged for yuliy to go to an inexpensive school. in the modern world , the metaphor of a glass ceiling is often used, they say this when a person overcomes a barrier due to some invisible but real obstacles from the system or relations in society. many, faced with something like this, give up. the ceiling that khariton had to break through was not even... successfully passes exams enters school, which was located here at the address ligovsky house number one, but he did not study here for long, deciding that he could finish college by passing the exam as an external student. he studied, but also worked to feed himself and his older sisters, it was difficult, but julius, as planned, received

his school-leaving certificate early at the age of 15, he immediately tried. to enter the petrograd polytechnic university in the electromechanical faculty, but he was not accepted because of his young age, only a year later he brilliantly passed the exam and became a student, electromechanics seemed to him the best of sciences, but one day julius khriton found himself at a lecture by academician iofe, i remember this audience so clearly and how the audience would...

experimental physics, we were the first to be able to remove recently declassified documents from the personal file of student khariton, the future chief designer of the soviet atomic bomb. there is specifically a file of yuryevich khariton, it is clear that not all documents are presented here, but there are very interesting outstanding such successes in scientific. he was sent in the twenty-sixth year on a business trip to cambridge, our filming the group for obvious reasons failed to get to the legendary educational institution, but anna lazaridou, an art historian at the london art gallery, agreed to tell interesting details about yuli khariton's stay in the legendary cambridge.

the world-famous physics laboratory is behind me. in 1924 , robert oppenheimer entered the school, it is surprising, but the father of the american atomic bomb was born in the same year as yuli khariton, even his name, julius robert oppenheimer, is consonant with the name of yuli khariton, but they did not meet here succeeded. when khriton arrived at the kavindizh laboratory in 1926, oppenheimer had just left it. could one have imagined that everything that these two would learn, including in the famous laboratory with rutherford, would very soon be directed towards the confrontation between america and the soviet union, and the us would secretly begin to make plans for the atomic bombing of our country. such plans were in place, they are now well known, 10 cities, 20 cities, 100 cities, in short, 85%

of industry was to be the first blow, withdrawn. creation of the first. rented all over europe, from england to marseille, and thus she accumulated a lot of photos. today they decorate

the walls of the campus, a branch of moscow state university sorov, recently built by the rosatom corporation for physics students. in england, khariton managed to collect material for his first dissertation in 2 years and successfully defend it. it was here that the defense of his scientific dissertation took place, yuli khariton did this brilliantly, receiving a phd degree in philosophy here at cambridge. returning to her native leningrad, yuli khariton begins to study the problem of detonation of explosives. he understands that these are the most interesting chemical and physical processes that will be useful for military affairs. in the soviet union , on june 22, 1941, they put an end to scientific work that seemed irrelevant at that time. many nuclear physicists go to the front. 1942, huge territories of our

country are under occupation, the battle of stalingrad begins in the summer, its outcome can decide everything, turn the tide of the entire war. stalin meets only with churchill for forty the second year. about the second front, at the same time ruzeld meets with churchill they discuss the issue of using the military use of atomic energy to the soviet union in no case should they inform, this point is worth noting especially, that is, we are allies, we are fighting a single enemy, but this weapon, which has unprecedented power, they kept only for themselves pink flamingo, child of the sunset.

tonight the museum was robbed, what does my dad have to do with it? so, tell me, the director is local, from leningrad, with his wife and daughter came, daughter an adult, going to be an artist, that's how,

the museum was robbed at night, the area is quiet, only houses where they sell wine and more often don't sleep, so something happens, maybe we'll come to an agreement somehow, and 500, what, okay, and how did you, hellochka, such a sly one, fall for a simple scam, and everything looked so convincing, and you're not afraid at all? we're taken away in these matters, but they are bad, dad, good, he needs help, unfortunately, you can't do it without money, five, seven, oh, what, ah, you were just amazing, and your partners too, my name is mark natanich barshak, i am, in a way, looking after this city and its environs, i need your talent in one very interesting and risky... ninel - the premiere of a multi-part film, tomorrow on the first, and you know that she has a patron, an adult appeared, thanks to whom i am

here, and not in a cell, and what is it worth, you know, the premiere of the season, the musical detective relatives, from september 7 on saturdays, on the first. german. and how the war developed then - this is a big question. 1943, igor kurchatov, just appointed to lead the scientific part of the soviet atomic project, begins

to look for an ally. in these decades after his departure, stories about his activities are passed on from mouth to mouth in sorovi, the story when he surprised the ordinary workers by showing up at 3:00 in the morning at the turning section, and talking to the workers exclusively by the name and patronymic of inova, asked them to make certain changes to the parameter of this or that part. those who later worked next to him recalled that khariton

knew thousands of drawings by heart. any experiment, it is now both our value and the principle of work in the nuclear industry. it is not surprising that kurchatov did everything to attract khariton to work on the soviet atomic bomb. later, yuri borisovich recalled: kurchatov knew how to persuade, he even convinced my wife that i needed to go to him. she was an amazing woman, well, she was already, when i met her, she was already well over 70.

her former beauty was visible, it was preserved, and the figure that he admired all his life, yuli borisovich, regardless of the age of his wife, called her "musenka". fate brought them together back in 1928, when yuli khriton returned from london to his homeland, he wandered around his native st. petersburg, which he had not been in for 2 years. it was in this building, sadovaya 12 , that the night theater kabara balaganshchik was located, which the young promising physicist yuli khariton often visited. it was on the stage of this theater that he first saw his future wife, mariyukovskaya. like any romantic, yuli was in love with her from a distance, but fate itself brought them together. a colleague invited him to visit.

these feelings were preserved for life. it was not for nothing that yuri boris said that he was very grateful to his wife, she gave him happiness. and he was not afraid to go towards this happiness. but in his life there was an example of a father who was betrayed by his wife, also an actress. yuli khariton's mother abandoned her two older daughters and his six-year-old, leaving forever for

germany, for the sake of a random.

a unique shot, he himself next to a monument to himself, here he is 81 years old, behind him a decade of work, which in many ways determined. what bombs had already been dropped on japan, wrote a technical assignment in which he said that we would be working on two types of bombs. the first version of the bomb is an implosion-based bomb, here is the compression of a piece

of plutonium - this is what the americans did, then an analogue of this bomb was dropped on nagasaki on august 9. and it was this bomb that became the prototype of the one that we detonated in 1949. unique footage. our military flew into the destroyed nagasaki. everything was filmed about a month after the explosion. an outwardly carefree japanese man says that in hiroshima and nagasake immediately killed 80 thousand people. afterwards, almost everyone who came to the aid of the victim died. the information obtained at the risk of life was urgently sent to moscow, it was expected in the kremlin, and of course, it was necessary for the team of kurchatov and khariton. all of them worked absolutely like a rabble, that

is, without regard for time, from morning until late, absolutely devoted to this work. boris alshuller, the son of one of the creators of the soviet atomic bomb, lev vladimir. creation of the bomb, but the safety measures, which were always personally monitored by yuli khriton, invariably remained at the height, we are dealing with such energy, with such power, that any mistake here can be simply

irreparable, from the bell tower of the monastery built on the soro river. maps of the soviet union. by direct order of lavrentiy beria, who was appointed

to lead the soviet atomic project, thousands of prisoners were driven to the setting of the sor, which then began to be called simply an object. upon completion of their term, they could not simply be taken from the secret, closed, sorov and sent home. the problem was solved this way: they were required to sign a strict written undertaking, and non-disclosure sent to kolyma in magadan. the right to return to their native places, harshly, but effectively, the secrecy remained such that no foreign spies ever

found out about sorov. the creation of nuclear weapons required a gigantic concentration of forces, resources, of course, this is something new that had to be created in the shortest time, the country was completely destroyed, in fact its western territory, 1700 cities ... actually wiped out powder, and 70,000 villages, and huge human losses - 26.6 million people. on this in the background, his own life seemed less important. yuli borisovich had been present at all the experiments with fissile material until 1954 and had received a lethal dose during one of them, but the radiation seemed to have recognized the chief designer of the soviet atomic bomb as its own and spared him. radiation sickness did not spread. the news was a lifesaver not only for yuli borisovich, but for the entire project. the data confirmed the first plan for the atomic

bombing of the ussr, which appeared in the united states in 1945, and new ones are added every year, even more large-scale, there was no time left, then it was decided to copy the american bomb, already tested, according to the drawings obtained by intelligence, an interesting fact, little known to anyone, it was not copied blindly, it was gradually being improved, for example, coryton proposed its own first stage of protection, defense of the atomic bomb, it was implemented and worked perfectly, therefore when they say that the first soviet atomic bomb was an absolute copy of the american bomb, the fat man, which the americans dropped 9 august 1945 on the city of nagasaki, this is not true, how many... later, in 1992, yuli

khriton was working on an article about the importance of intelligence materials for the first soviet atomic test. he attached great importance to it. by that time he was almost blind, he could see only a little in one eye, but yuli borisovich refused even purely technical help, saying: "this is a case when i have to do everything myself, my colleagues must know the truth." format was engaged in the search for uranium in 1945 in

germany, everything that german science had accumulated, was found, qualified and taken away and became the basis for the creation of weapons-grade plutonium. later, igor kurchatov admitted that this discovery sped up work on the soviet atomic bomb by about a year. all the time, deadlines, deadlines, deadlines, like a tomoklokhsword hanging over us, it was necessary to be faster. the americans were developing charges every year, charges of bombs, more and more, more and more , in forty-sixth year, this is only 50 charges, then 130 were slopped down like pies, ozersk, another closed city in the atomic necklace of our country, it was known to a narrow circle as 65, location. during construction, even the wind rose was taken into account,

so that in the event of an accident, the radioactive cloud would be carried away from the city, here it is, the reactor for the production of the first weapons -grade plutonium, or annushka, when a failure occurred during the first test run, igor kurchatov himself sorted through the uranium slabs with his hands to identify the substandard, to drive it away from the table where it ... young graduates of the chemistry departments

of the best universities in the country, each of them received such a dose of radiation that most of them died before reaching 40 years of age. in 1949 , new intelligence reports landed on stalin's desk. the americans' next plans were called trajan and dropshot. if they had been implemented, most of the largest cities in our country would have disappeared from the face of the earth. moscow, leningrad, vladivostok, novosibirsk, yekaterinburg, you can't list them all. the bombing map compiled at that time is impressive in its lack of... the number of atomic bombs in the us was approaching 300, while we only had one in the works. stalin regularly demanded reports from beria. beria, in turn , controlled khariton day and night. it is known that lavrenti palovich was tough, but in order

to achieve the goal, to create a bomb within the specified time frame, he did everything possible and impossible. when, after stalin's death, he ordered.

we have a russian language and literature classroom, after my father's grave, the most important place for me, his life ended here, i lost him there, well, she did not become my mother, any person needs a mother, someone is our classmate, someone is our neighbor, it seems to me that everyone is already familiar, everyone ours, and you say, time heals, like september 1st, a year later i had anxiety, exactly the same anxiety every year, yes life.

there are already rumors in the city about this crime, wherever you go, they say everywhere, women are lured into a taxi and shot in the back, i wanted to ask you about your find, this knot seemed very massive, although it was quite easy to pick up, you are worthy of great honor, moles, honor and trust, remember this, after the war i was looking for a colleague.

scientists in sorov lived and worked comfortably, yuliy khriton and his wife and daughter were provided a large cottage with an area of ​​300 sq. km, but then yuli borisovich asked for something more modest. the new home was this house for two families, one part for the kharitons, the other for the negins. who died when i was 4 years old, well , it would seem that a 4-year-old child, what can he remember, i remember everything, in yuliya borisovich's house. everyone was there. whatever name you call - a legend. but here they became ordinary people. looking at this modest man in

a home environment, listening more than talking, it is difficult to imagine him, giving orders and making reprimands, but he knew how to do it, the urgency of the goal was obligatory for the position. this means selfless and unconditional service to the homeland. and if the homeland decided that it was necessary to act exactly like this, then it was necessary to act in these conditions exactly like this, in this coordinate system to give a result at the right time. when our president says that russia is completely protected from potential nuclear aggression, this is also the merit of those who stood at the origins of the soviet atomic project. nuclear weapons are created to ensure our security in the broadest sense.

the tests of our first, at that time , only bomb were approaching, everyone understood that when it was detonated, we would again be left with nothing, plutonium was actually produced for exactly one charge and... in disassembled form, the assembly was carried out on site. it was precisely the highest secrecy that became

one of the factors that did not allow the americans to implement their plans for nuclear aggression against our country. forty-nine is only a demonstration of the fact that we have there are products. we have proven that we have these products. the americans do not know exactly how many, do not know what means of delivery, so it does not begin. pleasant, suddenly the soviet union is already ready to respond to an attack from overseas with its own nuclear

weapons. such thoughts worked as an excellent, deterrent factor. but everything could have changed tragically if our bomb had not exploded on august 29, 1949. later, already handing over to our scientists, nuclear scientists... this conversation took place many years after the bomb was tested in the railway a carriage equipped specifically for the chief

designer of the soviet atomic bomb. stalin decided that all famous scientists, including khariton, those who worked with kurchatov in laboratory number two, should be banned from flying on the plane, but a carriage had already been allocated for him... khariton was traveling in it to test the first soviet atomic bomb. the letter train with the secret cargo went to the testing ground near semey, without stopping, without slowing down. it was guarded from the ground and from the air. in case of a possible undermining the tracks, a backup train followed in front of the main train, a simple freight train that would have blown up into the air if someone had really managed to plant a mine under the rails, everything was ready at the testing ground itself, the test

field of the testing ground was located on a plain, and the koimlen... the plutonium charge was being assembled. this was one of the most dangerous and unpredictable moments of the tests. the plutonium had to be carefully placed into the core of the bomb. the engineer who had to do this was worried. in the absolute silence, uniform clicks were heard counter that measured the radioactive background. i saw that his hands began to shake. he

got nervous. something, in general, i had to take and put the central parts myself, here in place. after that, the bomb was raised to the tower, and khariton, kurchatov and beria went to a specially equipped bunker, which was located 10 km from the epicenter of the future explosion. i was lucky enough to interview the living legend of the twelfth main directorate , sergei levovich.

the detonation of the first soviet atomic bomb, which was used in that very command point, from where the signal to detonate our first soviet atomic bomb came from this control panel. the weather at the testing ground was too cloudy and windy, but kurchatov decided not to postpone the test. when everyone went into shelter, the countdown started in the bunker. there were 10 left. 9, sergei davidov pressed the button that was supposed to give the command to detonate the bomb, there was silence, the first bright flash reached, the back door was slightly open, and after pressing the button, everything

lit up with the brightest.

in the sanatorium in barvikha, where he arrived to talk to him about current affairs, we sat down on a bench, i started telling him, and i was sitting sideways, so i was talking, but not looking at him and not seeing his face, so i was talking, but somehow... he didn't ask any questions, i turned there, saw that he was not there, somehow in a conversation he told me that the doctors told me that i had the heart of a seventy-year-old man, and at that time he was 57 years old. the main blows to

kurchatov's health were dealt precisely during the period when work was underway to create the first soviet atomic bomb. after everything happened, a specially prepared tank drove as close as possible to the epicenter of the explosion, and those sitting in it saw how the nuclear mushroom cloud broke through dense rain clouds, and through a narrow window one could see the blue sky and bright rays of the sun falling down. when the film with the report on the explosion of the first soviet atomic bomb was shown to stalin, he made no sudden movements. and did not think, he waited turned out to be right, soon about the fact that a nuclear bomb was detonated in the ussr, president truman announced.

stalin understood, if anything, to answer us nothing. there was only one goal: the americans should not have any doubts. we have a sufficient supply of charges that we can. use against the usa. stalin was bluffing. and the bluff was successful. we got the most valuable time. every resident knows that it was here in sorov that our country was saved and the beginning of the third world war was prevented. they remember here that we should all be grateful for this to yuli borisovich khariton. a man whose life was amazingly integral, devotion to one country, one job, one single woman. when

yuli borisovich's beloved wife passed away in 1977, he was 73 years old, he was left completely alone, and unexpectedly for himself, khariton suddenly began to receive frank letters from little-known women, somehow he calls his mother and says: "valchik, could you come in, mom." yes, of course, yuliya borisovich comes in, he will say, he says, in the kitchen, holding a letter in his hands. boy, i did not understand what, what they want from me, so i said this phrase: i had one wife, and i will not have another wife. he said the same thing about his work. yuli khariton for more than 40 years, practically until the end of his life, remained the head of a huge team, in which a whole constellation of the brightest created.

years, which happy years spent with him, then in 1949 much was decided not by finances, not by technology, first of all by people,

unique, talented, bright and what is important young and promising, exactly the same as those who work here in sorov, today. the entire nuclear weapons complex, which now has 100,000 people, was created successfully. conducted tests of the first soviet atomic bomb in just 4 years, i've been working for 4 years and this certainly amazes me soon. next to sorov, in the branch of moscow state university, which is called msu sorov, a scientific cluster will appear, including production sites and laboratories with the latest equipment. well, firstly, it's beautiful, secondly, it's useful when a person, so to speak, first writes formulas, and then receives it all live, he gets real pleasure. we are waiting for powerful ones to be built.

in the present, but with respect for the past, for those this is our future and it is being created now in the traditions that were laid here in sorov, by yuliy borisovich khariton.

hello, on air evening news in the studio ekaterina berezovskaya. here are the main topics. a day after the tragedy, the found hulls of the crashed mi-8 helicopter with tourists in kamchatka, and 17 bodies of passengers were found.