journalism, indeed, which had a serious impact not only on the minds of readers, but on politics, including the military leadership of great britain, to a lesser extent france, primarily great britain, of course, in france napoleon ii then , to put it mildly, did not greatly encourage freedom of speech. in addition, the english and the french tried to storm sevastopol on the anniversary of the battle of waterloo, so to speak, to unite, well, on the one hand, to unite the military brotherhood of the french and the english against russia.

military and civilian people who were willing to make donations in order to finance, that is, this construction of some fortifications, to which menshikov said that he did not want to see a list of cowards. menshikov was always holding back, and people did not even understand what was going on, and, well , you clearly do not like nicholas i, but nevertheless nicholas i was just active -

heavy for both sides, the losses were great, the russian army retreated, all our generals, admirals, absolutely unanimously recognized that if the allies had continued the offensive after this battle near podalma, then sevastopol would have fallen, it was absolutely unprotected from the north, this is a mistake, the fact that they slowed down, it allowed, in fact, ...

who, after the death of kornilov, so to speak, continued to lead the defense, well, they were made of completely different stuff than the secular, so to speak, prince mishikov, after this defeat near alma, kornilov gathered such a council and proposed to attack the allied escadre with the russian fleet, a hopeless attack, a hopeless of course there was an attack, but he proceeded from the fact that...

menenshikov answered him with the fleet, yes, put it in his pocket, pocket, yes, there is another nuance, why the actions of the land army were so different from the defense of sevastopol, here to the question of why - maybe the right decision, i think that the decision was rather correct to remove the crews of sailors to strengthen the land units in sevastopol, the fact is that they looked up to the sailors, in the black sea fleet there was not such a stick discipline as in the rest parts, the sailors were distinguished by more initiative, greater, greater ability to take responsibility during combat operations, greater selflessness even, they set the bar, officers, kharnilov with nakhimov did not retain officers who made a career only thanks to their nobility. in addition, those officers who made a career thanks to their

nobility and who generally wanted to make a career there at court and how to quickly earn favor, they did not go to the black sea fleet, they went to the baltic fleet closer to the imperial court, and kornilov with nakhimov with...

he writes: kornilov was a humane man, the sailors loved him, but still there was no cordial closeness between them and kornilov that would directly turn into some kind of.

although a good, kind, noble gentleman, kornilov had a broader specialized education than nakhimov, like anahimov, kornilov was an ardent patriot in the best sense of the word, like anahimov, kornilov considered the defense of sevastopol a matter of personal honor. we continue our podcast russia west on the swing of history, today we are talking about the defense of sevastopol in the crimean war. kornilov died. on the famous malakhov kurgan the day of the first serious bombardment of sevastopol and then on the same kurgan the head of literally the admiral was torn off another hero of the defense of sevastopol, and then in june 855

inakhimov dies they all died not somewhere in the rear, they were all on the front line, they were shoulder to shoulder so to speak. with their -e sailors, so with such commanders, naturally, the sailors were guided by them, and - the sevastopol defense, it is known not only for some kind of courage, patience, some kind of fantastic under these shellings, because in sevastopol sometimes, when there were massive bombings, they lost, lost even a thousand people a day, these are huge losses for such a garrison, so here... despite all this , the sailors, they still had some kind of, well, i would even say such courage, passion, or something, because the garrison

carried out many such sorties, took prisoners, and dug tunnels, blew up there something, all this was an extremely risky business, you kornilov and... the topel garrison really held out for these 349 days, 11 months, and knocked out of

action 73,000 enemy soldiers, sailors , officers, then there was this story that i mentioned, when on june 6 , fifty-five, on the fortieth anniversary of the battle of waterloo, nine times the anglo-french troops, well, together with the turks, who were driven forward, almost with the help of detachments of barriers, they were also afraid to just go into battle, and the sardinians nine times stormed sevastopol, all nine times were repulsed. with heavy losses, actually the english commander-in-chief raglan died after that, as some believe, simply from shame, from grief, only on august 27, fifty -five, when neither kornilov, nor estomin, nor nokhimov were alive , the allies, the english, the french, first of all, took malakhov kurgan, after that it became clear that sevastopol was defenseless, that sevastopol would fall, what would they put there. now if you visit malakhov kurgan, you can see that it dominates over the old city, and accordingly,

it was already physically impossible to defend the city, on the same day, the remaining ships were sunk, and this is a wonderful monument to the lost ships, which stands in sevastopol, a reminder of this, it really does not stand exactly where they were sunk, but that is not important, what is important is that this is a unique monument, when again, it seems, not quite such a courageous act. how the sinking of one's own ships becomes an example of heroism , quite deservedly becomes this example, so the remaining bastions were blown up, the enemy was not left with artillery, and accordingly, the troops left sevastopol. it is important here, what else can be said, that from my point of view, here we may not completely agree, the crimean war for russia was of course an unjust war, russia did not defend itself, russia tried to seize foreign territories, but at the same time the defense of sevastopol... was quite, not just quite, yes, was not just a heroic page, it was an example of a defensive war,

because the enemy came to the territory of russia, yes, tried to strike it at one of the most important places, one of the most important places for the defense of the entire south of the country and not only. it is important to emphasize here what the defense of sevastopol did, and the british and french had plans to go further, the british were already drawing maps of the division of russia into ...

treaties, according to which the russians were forbidden to have a black sea navy at all. in the end, the world really turned out to be not as shameful as it could have been, with such a defeat, russia lost the right to a navy, but russia did not lose territory, an exchange of territories was made, the captured the territory of crimea was returned to russia, russia returned its conquests to transcaucasia and in this, by the way, orlov, who headed the russian delegation at the paris congress, not only

him, but also him, deserves much credit. well, in conclusion , we can say that the signing of this paris peace treaty took place after the death of nicholas i, he already knew when he was dying that he had lost the most important war in his life, but if we talk about nicholas not as a politician, but as a person, then we must admit that, in general, he did not do it of his own free will ascended. to the russian throne, but nevertheless he worked, like few of the monarchs, to lay out absolutely without reserve, but not everything was done correctly, this is obvious. well, and he could not master all of russia at that time, no matter how much the authorities did not want it, he led the crimean one, even if he wanted this war, then in general public opinion largely supported him, and he was often called the iron autocrat, so he once remarked, for almost 20 years now i have been sitting

in this beautiful place,

in this case, that for the first time in the history of russia a medal appeared not for victory, not for taking something there, but for defense, in general, a medal was established for the defense of sevastopol, and i think that this medal was worth any medal for any victory, of course, it was a historical podcast russia west on the swings of history, with you were pyotr romanov and sergei solovyov. study history with us, all episodes of the historical podcast russia west on the swings of history can be viewed on the channel one website.

hello, i am dmitry bak, we have right here now another episode of the literary podcast, which, as you... of course, you remember well, is called, let them not talk, let them read. we talk a lot, we talk about prose, about poetry, about drama, about literary magazines, about books, but we talk only so that you, our esteemed interlocutors, read. today we will talk about poetry, this is our constant topic, because russian poetry is extensive, abundant, with talents, here i have a book in my hands, which, perhaps, you will recognize. poetry lovers will definitely recognize, this is a book by robert rozhdestvensky, which is called a peer, a book of 62 years, and indeed i am the same age as this book, almost the same age, i couldn't read it then, but it turns out that robert rozhdestvensky's poetry attracts us and makes us all the same age as the poet, today we are talking with

robert rozhdestvensky's daughter, ekaterina robertovna. hello, ekaterina robertovna, i am very glad to see you, i introduced you as the poet's daughter, and this is true, that's how it is, this is my most important achievement, my pride, let's say so, of course, it is pride, but i would like to start with you, you have done many things and many professionally, for example, you translated from english, yes, from french, yes, and how it all happened, we were friends with... and he took up translations, here is the first translation, he worked in a publishing house, so he offered me which i did, there was a book by john steinbeck, a little, not a little, yes, well, you know, a very simple language, it was just such a pleasure, after steinbeck came john lu core, this was excruciating, because

it seemed to me that he was inventing some words that... you had to guess, they were not in the dictionaries, so it was all by intuitively, it was an insanely painful job, but i translated 13 books, as i remember now, and quite a few, well yes, from summerset moym, summerset moym, yes, but the first one i started with was sidney sheldon, if you remember him, comrade, i myself simply decided to translate him, one of his novels, it was, in my opinion, if tomorrow comes, i translated, brought it to the publisher, they told me that the soviet reader cannot be interested in such waste paper, they left this manuscript. at the publishing house, it seems, they threw it out, and after some time ago i saw that it came out in my translation under a different name, it's a wonderful story, what a horror, i

didn't know that, well it was a rehearsal for my next translations, apparently a good life lesson, but then i was completely unhappy that my name was practically nowhere to be found, it was just summersed moim or john steinbeck, so i got busy. photography, it was already digital photography from the very beginning - no, no, no, no, i still remember, or rather i was remembered by film photography, so it's it was much more difficult, of course, then it became more beautiful, no, yes, yes, yes, but then digital, of course, it reduced the waiting time, and it all became much easier, and well, since 100 frames are going, polymo, firstly, secondly, after all, it is a magazine, it is a flow, it is a deadline. and you had to get there, and there is a red light, developer, yes, lose your finger, no finger, nothing rubbed, to be honest, no, i

didn’t know how to do anything, i studied, in theory my profession is a referent-translator with knowledge of foreign languages, that’s just how fiction is translated - that’s it in my specialty, everything i did later was by intuition, as my grandmother says, you have to cook by intuition. i also live by intuition, actually, that is , everything that is added to the soup is simply put in, tasted, added, subtracted, diluted, well, that 's how it probably happens in life, tell me, did portraits attract you, or not only? portraits, no, i took pictures all the time, i took pictures everywhere, i took pictures while traveling, i was attracted to everything, this passion of mine, it later grew into another profession, designer, i decided that this is exactly my next question, yes, great.

potatoes, carrots, well, yes, i didn’t know how it was all done, but since i had a lot of acquaintances, starting with my work as a photographer and a private collection, i became interested in their lives, questions and answers, somehow it’s all like that, that is , your profession has grown, yes, an assistant, a translator, yes, but one followed from another with my profession. a photographer, a profession flowed out, which i adore, and i think that i was heading towards it all my life as a writer, in fact, you you talk about the same thing all the time, on

the desire and ability to understand another, and translation is understanding another, of course, and photography, no, i understood other people, i just stopped recognizing them, i knew ryazanov, gurchenko and elena obraztsova, and those who began to come to me, that's getting closer. to robert ivanovich, robert ivanovich's life already in 12 books, well, let's still turn to it began in siberia, first, yes, then in

omsk, all this was before the war, and robert ivanovich's debut happened when the family lived in karelia, then karello-finnish ussr , in today's karelia, in petrozavodsk the first books came out. there i was preparing for the transfer, i realized that i do not have the first three books, the first three collections, all the rest are lifetime, there are many of them, there are favorites, i already mentioned the book that is the same age, yes, the same age, here is a book, this is the same age, sixty-second year, published by molodaya gvardiya, there is a special book about sports, which is called not just sports, well, and many other books, they are like: and there are

unpublished, by the way, there are, of course, there are, there is no complete collection of works, there are the most famous poems, but there is this book, but it is not a complete collection of works, it is almost complete, you could say a collection, but here are all his main poems and songs, here is the very last one, one of the last books of alyoshka's thoughts, absolutely amazing with such drawings, compiled by dad, so if anyone has children, grandchildren, great-grandchildren and so on, i highly recommend it... and what kind of robert ivanovich was in the family, we have already we looked at a touching little book, now we will talk about what you already remember, yes, it is so important, so important that if he had not been a great poet, he would have remained a great

man, because he was amazing, unique, kindest, helping everyone, here is the wonderful robert ivanovich and the little girl, who is this? ksenia, my sister, yes, this is the christmas one, well, probably the seventieth year or the beginning of the seventy-first, this is already me, yes, you see, he is still very young, yes-yes-yes, they lived with my mother for 40 years, and i i think it was one of the greatest love stories of the 20th century, which no one really knew. these are the moments when dad couldn't pass me by, at that age i always remember passing by mom, and mom there, i don't know, stood in the passageway in the kitchen, so as not to touch her, so as not to kiss her, no one was there, but i was there, i didn't seem to understand anything, you were peeping, yes, yes, as you know, i'm

a little woman. well, everything is clear, no need to explain anything, well then you understand, and then these constant notes, dad, apparently he had no words not enough, he left notes everywhere, let's say in relation to everyone, what was there, let's say, he wrote, no, his mother-in-law wrote to him, because sometimes we find out what they called him in the family, interestingly, robochka, robochka, that's my grandmother, with whom i lived, robochka,

if you wake up earlier. well, it was all so kind and gentle, and we were stewing in it, of course, it's not enough, when they left, i live with these memories because this is what i want to rely on, what harmony, how is it all, how is it all, after all wonderful yes is it so rare? in our time, but i think that children, therefore, are like this, because i can admit in front of witnesses simply enchanted by our conversation, it is so easy, so natural, it is simply evident that you have a happy golden childhood, youth, of course, no, well listen, they have invested so much love in me that i want to give this love, that is , to infect as many people as possible with this love, because this

is actually the basis of life, well... love, that is how you get it, i am very glad, well yes, and one of the early books is called my love, that is, all this is a poem, unfortunately i can't quote it exactly, everything begins with love, but not with words, yes, everything begins with love, yes, that's how it is, this is probably his motto, that everything begins with love, well, yes, there is nothing new in this, he knew how to say the most important things in simple words, what did not repel, but what immediately went into the blood, the revelation of one of the most ardent russophobes of europe, chapter

and about this, watch the full prank of vavan and lexus. antifake, season premiere. tomorrow on the first. over the past 7 years, 17 have been committed hostage taking, i'll blow myself up, that 's clear, unfortunately, the statistics are not encouraging, shut up everyone, from this second you're all hostages, have you gone crazy, these are children, my name is zaitsev, gennady nikolaevich, i am the head of the operation to free your children. if you don't show bright, most decisive victories in the near future that will surprise the whole world, what the hell do we need you for, the path is difficult, there are many enemies around, try to figure out who is who, if necessary, we would

n't ask you, they appointed you, that's it, go to work, and i'm asking you, are you taking on whether this is the case or not, i will undertake it. stepan, what are your demands? for a start, we demand eight machine guns, do you hear me, eight, eight! uncle, please, save my friends! if any of the children are hurt, our negotiations will lose their meaning. prepare for the assault, premiere. the commander is on the first on saturday. well, we continue our conversation about the poetry of robert ivanovich rozhdestvensky, today we are talking with his daughter ekaterina

robertovna rozhdestvenskaya, a writer, designer, photographer, translator, but the main thing, after all, as ekaterina herself said robertovna, the daughter is wonderful. poet, we are now in the middle of our program, our release, and i remind you, although you, i hope, remember that this is 5 minutes of the author's column, that is, the host's column, and i do one of three, i show an old book, i read a poem or a quote from a classic of a prose nature, well today, of course, i do two things at once, as it often happens, i pick up ... a very important, illustrative book, this book is called drifting prospect, it was published by the soviet publishing house writer, our experienced interlocutors on the other side of the screen or headphones, of course, know

what the design looked like, a soviet writer in the sixties fifties, this book is quite early, it is, if i'm not mistaken, the fourth in a row 59. and there are photographs that were sent by robert ivanovich of the north pole, that is, this is not only theory, but he was there, in general a very traveling person, yes, very traveling, it is noticeable, well, this book, well, as if the result of a kind of creative business trip, here there are dedication, a report, sort of, sort of a report on a creative mission, yes, here is a dedication to the polar explorers of the drifting station.

together like a top, well, i won't read the whole poem, only fragments, and i told the hydrologist then on the drifting avenue you live, you knew that the drift would not be smooth, you knew that things would come to a fight here, because the arctic makes its own amendments to human plans, sometimes resigning itself, sometimes suddenly becoming so enraged that you won't be able to raise your head, you yourself taught me that you need to talk to it skillfully. these scattered expanses we have put in too much work to give back everything that was taken in battle, it is impossible to change the laws, to the past, to return even for a month, but the fact

that we are spinning in place, this may be for acceleration, this is a very christmas poem young, but it is important that the emotions here are as if ... changing, passing into another, yes, first here is enthusiasm, the sixties, the arctic from the north behind the fog, taiga and so on, then purely philosophical. before the future and the past you can not return, it would seem felt, of course, what does the arctic have to do with it, this is the miracle of robert rozhdestvensky's poems, which consists in the fact that inside the poem there is some kind of turning point, sometimes philologists call it a pund, this word is a point, this is also what a heel or a shoe is called, a toe, a toe. a toe is

a ballerina's shoe, yes, all this is here, a book by robert ivanovich rozhdestvensky, drifting avenue, 1959, natural, a question about the sixties, how did it all happen, well , how did this clip come together, well, the narrowest clip is rozhdestvensky, voznesensky, yatushenko, well, in different versions, without extolling anyone, a little more broadly... sometimes akhmadulina is added, sometimes kudzhava is added, yes, but this is the canonical set, and there were many poets at that time, here is one of the cases, just the four that i named, here, how it happened, robert ivanovich entered the literary institute on the second try in fifty-first year, this is how it all started, how it all happened, what do you know about it,

akudzhau, he was not in the sixties, a sixties man, he was not considered, because these young guys, i think that they can be called geniuses without any problem, they could not allow themselves to put on the same level such a distinguished person who went through the war, who is older, just yes, that is why he became a sixties man decades later, but he was sort of written in there. no, for example, yes, well, yes, no, well, of course, this is still

missing akhmadulna for the complete, this will be a complete set, yes, a complete set of sixties men, yeah, and your idea of ​​this era is somehow evolving, now do you think a little differently or the same as then, because well, there are different opinions, yes , they should be different, of course, but i think that all the same, this is the christomathic concept of the sixties, no one else fits in there, because... these guys were united, as it seems to me, by the fact that they were all very young and that they were geniuses, now we can say, they were geniuses in life, now , after so many years have passed, they have remained, and many may disagree with me, but i think that they are geniuses, and i am here with you i absolutely agree, it is interesting that in the 19th century there were the sixties, i study this period as a philologist, that is, in the 19th century there were completely different sixties.

poets, i don’t know why this is happening, or maybe the climate here is such that you can’t talk otherwise than in poetry, well, the north, well, yes, apparently you have to hold on somehow, that’s why poetry is just born, and it seems to me that since the time of, say, pushkin, each era has given birth to some great poet, but no one, in my opinion, has left such a mark in all this history.