and canonized. the foundation of russian statehood was laid in moscow. the pskov veche was born here. then in the 14th century, our pskov, having achieved separation from its elder brother veliky novgorod, became an independent veche republic, a city, a state. this time is called the pskov free state. the golden age for pskov, a real heyday. pskov was known as the strongest, most freedom-loving beautiful city. russia. the pskov kremlin or krom was the center of the veche government of the city, the place where the most important state decisions were made. solution. pskov, like no other city of ancient russia, many times proved to be the savior of the fatherland from external danger. it was not for nothing that it was called the white-stone shield of the russian land. only from the 11th to the 16th centuries the city withstood almost 30 sieges and participated in 129 battles. and as they wrote in the chronicles, this is a city that lives for a year. fights for a year, therefore the construction

of reliable fortifications was a matter of vital importance for the poskovichi. by the 16th century the fortress consisted of five fortification rings, and the power of the fortress walls was strengthened by 40 towers. at that time, the pskov fortress was one of the largest not only in russia, but in europe. today, the fallen tower has been restored, and inside each historical exhibition, where real time travel takes place, is restored, but this is if. you still have what my friend misha zadornov called an imaginary, throughout its history, pskov was a border town, in a geographical sense, in a cultural one. the border between the orthodox and catholic worlds also passes here. there are 10 churches in pskov that are included in the list of world unesco heritage. there are few cities in our country that have such a concentration of both the historical and architectural heritage of russia. moscow churches are the most beautiful. in the entire

empire, wrote joseph brodsky after visiting pskov. the poet is right, because the key word in understanding the originality of the pskov school from the patronymic is beauty, beauty in which the believer sees god himself, and the unbeliever understands, no matter what word he calls this higher power, it exists and is present here, perhaps this is the key to the appeal of the pskov churches. and bless and what is done, yaku spas, the waters are stuffy.

snitgorsk monastery, founded in the 13th century, is one of the oldest monasteries in the pskov region. today it is an active women's monastery. in 2019, it was added to the unesco world heritage list. the polish-lithuanian invasions of the 15th century caused significant damage to the temple, but the hard times for the monasteries did not end there, but it survived the poles, and the swedes, and the libon knights, and the revolution. unfortunately, most of the unique frescoes were practically destroyed, and the frescoes of this temple are truly priceless treasures, because this is the only surviving example of monumental ancient russian painting of the early 14th century. alas, you see, they are in a deplorable state, but the church is trying to preserve and restore them. the most valuable frescoes of the temple are scenes of the last judgment. it is about these frescoes that mother valeria speaks so enthusiastically. i would like to tell about heaven and hell, as

it is written in our cathedral: a person enters the temple and sees heaven and hell on the right and left, as you know, and the choice is always binary, and between good and evil, there is no third: i'll go to the right, i'll find abraham, i'll get to ryl, i'll go to the left, i'll find someone else, i'll get to another place, where i go, i'll get there, the restoration of frescoes, according to the nun, is not rewriting them or updating the paint, it's cleaning and conservation, if this is not done, in the end they will simply disappear, we are only prolonging their life, and we should simply be glad that we see them, says mother valeria, this is the main question that each of us asks ourselves one day, here is each of we should ask this question, who are you, is there anyone up there, yes, this is the question that everyone should answer for themselves, the pskov reserve museum, one of the oldest in the country. it was opened in

1876, unites several ancient buildings, and at the beginning of the 21st century, archaeologists discovered the princess's necropolis next to the museum. coins, household items and many women's jewelry, pendants, bracelets, amulets were found in olga's burial, and you know, the number of these decorations simply leads to a daunting thought, that from the 20th century to our present century, women's passion for these trifles has remained the same. yes, that's how centuries pass, eras change, and material values ​​in the world of feminin remain unchanged. the usokoly chambers the towers of the merchant pogankin's chambers are part of a museum. what a name. however, according to those who knew him, the merchant pagankin fully justified his name. several years ago , a treasure was found in the chambers, well, as usual, it's a coin, jewelry, and two bottles, one with moonshine, the other with madeira. according to one version, the man hiding the treasure, left a bottle of poisoned

alcohol so that the finder of the treasure would mark the event on the spot, after which he would remain the immature keeper of the hidden, so really, narcologists, comrades, alcohol is me, the museum really does contain treasures, including for lovers of nomismatics, the coins collected here represent the history of the development of the monetary system of the russian empire, starting from alexei mikhailovich the quietest and ending with nicholas ii. yes, you know, i understand people who are passionate, yes i went through this myself, although in other passions, but therefore i understand their delight, because each of these coins with its own history, and you know that the pskov land has become a place.

each breed of dog has its own mission on earth, you are a guard, why are you afraid of everything? our son is woolly, he does not leave me at all, he is very brave, when he sits next to me, a joyful creature that immediately jumps into my arms there and then, i am

simply in shock, love at first sight, near luck i found a huge grape snail, i realized that i should take it home, when my cat saw my matilda, she was shocked, we just fell in love with him at first, because he looked like a teddy bear, if someone comes up to us, we say that he is small, he will grow up later, saw the video, watch with us, premiere, today on the first, hello, dear friends, haris is allowed to the new repertoire only if he passes all the subjects, the most famous young singer of the ussr cannot study poorly.

hey, bye to the review, unanimously, maybe it's time for us all to get acquainted already, well, hello, choir, premiere of the multi-part film, tomorrow after programs time, you probably, when you went to kvn, well, you were worried that there would be a lot of caustic jokes about you, well, you see, nothing to worry about, everything is fine, you're just dancing with an alcoholic on the first. kvn. alumni meeting. on saturday, on the first. here is my lawyer's id. here is my human passport,

here is a photocopy of my berries. what have you done here, huh? and now i suggest we take a walk through the luxembourg gardens or the tuileries or through london's hyde park, and if you want and... through the famous dutch keukenhof, well, finally, through the moscow botanical garden. in in general, choose for yourself, because walking through this picturesque and blooming space, we will not leave the pskov region anyway. it's just that this landscape park in orekhovnaya, although not as large-scale and famous as its green brothers listed by me, is also ideal for enjoying the mastery of landscape design and quiet contemplative walks that you and i adore so much. however, i said about quiet walks, and for some reason i remembered how

i filmed keukenhof during the tulip fever, that is, the blooming of tulips there. remember, this whole blooming paradise was more reminiscent of a market square, a sunday afternoon, where thousands of lovers of beauty, for some reason mostly from fraternal china, were pushing each other, not giving each other a break , there could be no talk of any contemplation of solitude in a quiet corner. but in our park , both the many grassy meadows and the unrestrained flowering of everything at once, the ideally trimmed fir alley, everything disposes to romance and contemplation. in the oryakhovna estate, you can walk through the green rooms, in which instead of walls there are living hedges of linden and thuja. flowering here begins in early spring and ends in late autumn, flowers, bushes, trees line up in turn, the estate territory is divided into gardens in different european styles, so

the sculpture matches the style of the landscape, here is a satyr, he is considered the guardian of the estate and is treated with respect, and this is the prankster cupid, every day he looks for another victim peacefully grazing on the lawns from among the tourists, well, yes, and tourists, of course, in which he aims his bow, daily training of this little scoundrel gives result, yes with... ten launched arrows, nine hit the heart exactly, then, oh, then write it off, love will overtake you will be like in the famous song: love is not a teapot, but it will come when it, well and so on, this landscape paradise was arranged several years ago on the site of a mosquito swamp by a local designer, he dedicated it to his mother, who grew up in this village, a beautiful idea, really, all mothers would like to have such grateful sons like him, well and like you, of course, and now here the wild nature and the created by the hand of man are harmoniously combined

landscape gardens. and there was a cruel battle, and there was a crack from breaking spears and a ringing from sword blows, and it seemed that the frozen lake had moved, and the ice was not visible, for it was covered with blood. in our memory, who was still there, chutskop skovskoye lake is inextricably linked with the battle on the ice, which took place. 1242. so, many of us imagined the battle from the film alexander nevsky. well, remember, the famous nikolai cherkasovo, whoever comes to us with a sword will die by the sword. so the levonsky order then lost 26 knights and about 400 of their allies. and prince alexander nevsky, who led the russian army, was at that time, you won’t believe it, only 20 years old. the memory of the great commander and his squad was immortalized on mount sokolikha near the shore of the lake. the place is not accidental, one of the supposed places where the famous battle of alexander nevsky’s army with the knights of the livonian

order took place. each bronze warrior has the image and name of a real historical figure from alexander nevsky’s entourage. well, the old zhelo remember them, although old age is certainly not a joy, memory weakens. in samalva there is a small museum dedicated to the battle on the ice. tours are conducted by the son of a participant, no, well, not the battle of the ice, of course, but the expeditions that explored the night. referring to the fact that sasha nevsky's contemporaries did not perceive the battle on the ice as an event of great importance, they say that alexander did only what numerous defenders of pskoe did before and after him, but as a specialist widely known in narrow circles, i will say: comrades, cool down, one way or another, the victory on lake cheskoye decided the outcome of the war, and the livonian order returned all ... conquered novgorod and the pskov territories, that's how it is, otherwise they would speak levon language here now, and

you and i would be foreign tourists here, yes, this region is amazing in nature and the history concentrated in it, i hope that in the near future we will continue our journey through the pskov region, if you are ready to be fellow travelers, then don't disappear. these are not travel notes with dmitry krylov. lord, what kind of tales are not told about narilsk, our northernmost city in russia.

their numbers, so that you can see them during a snowstorm. in the shadowy nooks courtyards in august you can see greetings of winter, small mounds of compacted snow. in the big norilsk during the winter 2 million tons of snow falls, well, it is clear that in 3 months these millions do not have time, it will melt. the polar night lasts 45 days, illuminated by the northern lights. as compensation, nature gives it the sun in the summer for 68 days and nights. it shines, i do not hide. beyond the horizon, so looking at a wristwatch with a dial, well, pensioners still remember such, you will never understand, now it is 10 o'clock in the morning or evening, newborn children confuse night and day start living on a night schedule, all institutions, clinics, shops, they work in their own mode, so mothers have to rebuild their children who do not sleep at night, it is not easy, yes, it is not

easy, as is the whole way of life in the north, and even two-three month vacations. and other preferences for residents of norilsk cannot compensate for all these difficulties. norilsk is a city for people with strong spirit. in winter , the thermometer drops below 50 ° celsius. it snows for half a year, the wind brings from the metallurgical plants by no means floral aromas. the only connections to the outside world are air traffic and the waterway along the yenisei, but this is lettom, dear lettom. narilsk, if you remember, is located beyond the arctic circle and to the north. it is closer to know polis than to moscow, 2,400 km, and 3.00 km to the capital. narilsk is built on permafrost, so most of the buildings here stand on piles so that the ground underneath does not melt and the houses do not float. prisoners of the gulag built at risk, working in inhumane conditions, polar night, icy wind, severe frosts. today about the price of development

the far north resembles the norilsk golgotha ​​memorial, installed. in the spring of 1938, the first director of the plant for the development and extraction of coal, ore and other dors of the naril mountains, avraam zavinyagin, received an audience with stalin, with it a directive to build a full-cycle plant with the final product obtained on site and a city of comfortable living better than

the capital of alaska, the city of june. and at that time , the main housing in narilsk was. the habitat of local peoples of reindeer herders, prograss, though he brought in stoves, potbelly stoves, and also it is important that only a quarter of the city's residents at that time were free, the majority were prisoners at rillag, with such a contingent zavenyagin had to build a city better than the capital of alaska, june, damn it, but there was nowhere to retreat, behind the north pole, zavenyagin invited young architects from leningrad, vitold, with a mysterious surname, nepokoichitsky and his wife lydia, with a simple surname minenko. they chose a place by the lake, designed a plan for rilska and italnakh, and became the first, well well, one of the first people in the world who built multi-story buildings on permafrost. vitold received the stalin prize alida, well, alida - the title

of the wife of a stalin prize laureate. vitold's architectural solutions formed the basis for windproof construction in many cities in the far north. the houses in the city were placed close to each other, and the closed courtyards-wells, borrowed from leningrad, according to the architects' plan, were supposed to protect the courtyards from snowstorms, and also restlessness, oh, restlessness, well, then it's easy, chitsky created the so-called hybrid houses, nothing like that has ever been built for polars, now it is not noticeable from the facades, then inside the building, in addition to residential apartments, there was everything necessary for life. a store, a school, a library, a gym, a cinema, a restaurant and even a sobering -up station with a district police officer, that is , a kind of mix of residential premises and public institutions was created so that people could use all this without leaving the house, in the cold of winter. one nuance: the apartments were communal and densely populated, but yes, our people are not fools,

they settled in these little houses with great pleasure. the first house was occupied in 1947, people lived very boringly, there was electricity, all other amenities outside, but there was faith in a bright, or rather, a warm future, and this faith helped to wait for water supply and... they compare it to the city on the neva, calling it a small leningrad. this is especially clearly seen on october square. the architect received one of the main prizes for its design. we, old cultural workers, remember what buns were like, we remember when lenin died. lord, why is this in memory? so, the sculpture of lenin was unveiled on january 21, 1954

, on the thirtieth anniversary of the leader's death. yes, this is one of many clones of the monument that stood at one time throughout the union. it was made in murmansk, well , they miscalculated something and sent a lenin who was too small for this square. and where did it go? in general, they installed this little ilyich on a huge monument, which further emphasized the miniature size of the leader. here in our village, it is quite majestic, so we can exchange it for rilsky. school number one is not visible from the avenue, but if you enter the courtyard, you will see an architectural composition with a boulevard and a grand staircase. and you know what's surprising, the school was built in just over three months, and that's four. floors, a gym, a winter garden, this can't be, maybe those citizens who were sane, who understood the need for a school, their children came for free to help

the builders, the polar day work went on around the clock, guards square was planned as a square, five streets were supposed to go out to it, but this is like in leningradskaya has five corners, and a high-rise building was supposed to appear, like in moscow, the project is ready, the money for... the foundation pit was dug, but something went wrong, instead of seventeen floors they built five. in the eighties, however, they built a sixth, the square was made not square, but round, and not with five, with three streets and shiny buildings, in one a tsum, in another - the central grocery store, in the center a monument to the metallurgists of norilsk. in the fifty- ninth year, norilsk began a second life, the very first northern swimming pool in the world was built, a palace of culture, cinema. music school with a unique concert hall, another school. the incredible has come true. the main city

of the russian arctic was built from a camp settlement. because it is the northernmost city in the country, almost every window looks out patiently waiting for summer indoor plants. advanced gardeners manage to grow vegetables, herbs and even strawberries on their windowsills. vegetables and fruits are even more expensive here than here. on rublevka, although it would seem that it cannot be more expensive, but this is the only thing that unites these two iconic places of our planet: rublevka and norilsk. the norilsk theatre is the northernmost theatre on the planet, the vladimir mayakovsky polar drama theatre. the corps was formed in the zone in 1941. the theatre opened even earlier than the palace of culture for free people. listing the sights of the risk. you invariably add the words "the northernmost" for significance. well, yes, that's how it is, everything northernmost is here, like the nurd kamal mosque, which is listed in the

guinness book of records. a quarter of a century ago, a norilsk entrepreneur built it at his own expense, combining the names of their parents in the name of the mosque. the building is made in the form of a star rests on a pile. the thirty-meter minaret is not traditionally round, but quadrangular. this is to better retain heat and resist. strong winds, although in general it is strange, it seemed to me the opposite, round, it is more durable, well, like lighthouses, for example, well, i don’t know, the locals know better, we were invited inside, imam khatib, appointed 5 years ago, himself originally from bashkiria graduated from an islamic university, told us that about 25% of muslims live in norilsk, noted that the people in noriski are different, kinder, but harsh, the northern region has left its mark on them. but the atmosphere of mutual assistance and support is very strong here. as expected, five daily prayers, friday prayers, and a festive wedding are held in the mosque.

the hall at ... is intended for men's prayer, and there is also a special prayer room for women. the imam mentioned the words from the koran: "we created you as tribes so that you would cooperate , help each other, recognize each other, and compete in good deeds. history of norilsk built on the fates of more than 500,000 political prisoners. for about 20 years, they performed the hardest work in the mining enterprises at... the plant, the taimyr researchers club, headed by stanislav anatolyevich stryuchkov, with whom we walked along the streets of narilsk, is collecting the puzzle of narilsk history bit by bit. the church of the new martyrs and confessors of the russian church is not an easy church, it is a memorial church that preserves the memories of all those people who died during the construction of the city, suffered for their faith, for their beliefs. usually, in the far north the temple is not painted, since huge temperature changes spoil the painting, but...

this temple is filled with various engineering devices that allow you to maintain heat, humidity and the desired temperature. from the outside, it looks quite squat and small, but once inside, the space unexpectedly turns out to be voluminous. the first and second tiers of the painting are dedicated to modern subjects, they are martyrs and confessors of the russian church, one way or another, all of them are connected with the naril diocese, they either suffered here or part of their cross. the paths were to exile in this territory. the subjects of the frescoes are all authentic, taken from archival materials, and some were written based on the memories of these saints. in the upper tier there are ordinary gospel subjects. but there is no difference in the stylistic writing between the subjects. they form a single whole. golgotha ​​in churches is the name given to places of remembrance of the dead. in this church a special naril golgotha ​​is written. each subject can be examined for a very long time. here is a depiction of baptism in

a small hut on the shore of the arctic ocean, and this is saint luke operates in the hospital, raised hands, uniting the gesture of a priest doctor. luka voinoy and senetsky - one of the most beloved and famous local saints, an absolutely real character, left behind several textbooks on surgery. thanks to the letters he wrote in large quantities to an old turukhansk priest, the researchers were able to link the names of many saints. russian orthodox church snarilsk diocese. in general, there are a lot of letters in the exhibition, all of them are genuine. stefan nalivaika died in forty-fifth year on construction of narellag. pyotr ignatov died here, back in forty-one. they are considered naril saints. the location of their graves is unknown, because this temple is like a single shrine for the relics of these holy people. on the territory of the naril diocese is the only eastern siberian relics of a saint.

antarctica, they go through deserts or fly to kamchatka, because there is an irresistible desire to conquer, to say, i was there, i did it, i saw it with my own eyes, you must agree, these are mountain peaks, they fly to the north pole or in more valuable than conquering a sun lounger in antalya, to visit the raft of the ram, to see its fascinating infinity, yes, this alone

can become the purpose of life. well, not a lounger by the pool with a bar counter, really, if you were not bored you are curious, and what else we have prepared for you there, then do not disappear, see you, bye, bye, your fellow traveler deka. hello, on the first channel news, in the studio maxim sherfuddinov and briefly about the main thing. the pickup is fast, but the drone is faster in the kursk region, an attack on a car with saboteurs, in the dpr, a dragon is in action. the ship-rocket launcher is used like this for the first time.