i'll keep it, nobody heard you, tell me, guilty, ah, pyotr alekseevich didn't have it in his thoughts, he was worried about the country, he got carried away, send me, pyotr alekseevich, to a monastery, give me sins for mine! fuck, well, be it your way, take it, postveshka!

tiva, the city of tobolsk, ivan demarin and masha gave birth to five children, lived happily all their lives in tobolsk. where is petka?

the stone tobolsk kremlin, the first maps of russia and chronicles about siberia. grandfather, look, grandfather, look, there's an angel.

well, the most serene prince, potemkin tauric figure is undoubtedly the most famous, and at the same time. it happens very much, because the most remarkable monument, the originality of the personality, the shades of the personality still cannot convey, and this figure was the most colorful for that era, especially, that potemkin was the favorite of catherine the great, everyone knows, that he was the conqueror of crimea, especially, and in the potemkin villages, of course, they heard, well, that's the character really.

gymnasium then taught at moscow state university and even in the pazevsky corps he also taught, so this well, how indirectly can testify to the fact that potemkin primary education was not bad at all, then he entered moscow state university, in the first year he showed absolutely excellent knowledge, received a gold medal, a little later he was among the best students presented to empress elizabeth petrovna. however, after 3 years he was expelled for laziness and not, as i understand it, in modern times i would say for truancy, for non-attendance, at least the official wording was such, such was, speaking about potomin, one must add to his

characterization such obstinacy of character, which manifested itself from his youth, in particular, apparently connected with his expulsion from the university, well, the official wording, as you absolutely rightly said, yes for...

he served in absentia, that was accepted then, and not just served, he received ranks , for example, corporal, he received with the wording for excellent knowledge of the greek language, well, in today's times it sounds rather ridiculous, of course, but i repeat, it was accepted then, well, actually, after he was expelled from the university, he he began to serve already...

so in 1769 he volunteered for the turkish wars in a number of battles , distinguished himself brilliantly, finished these wars in the rank of major general and with st. george for bravery of the third degree, that is, he showed himself already on the battlefield, showed himself to be a completely worthy fighter, so to speak, it must be said that -

you need to train people for yourself, but these words to train people for yourself, they of course may sound, so to speak, offensive for prince potemkin, but in fact, in general, this is a fact, and catherine saw this in the figure of potemkin diamond, and then cut it according to

the parameters, according to the calculations that she needed, so it is not at all by chance that this couple, these two people went together until the end potemkin was distinguished by a rather serious breadth of views, for example, he was quite well versed in church affairs, he was certainly a true believer, but he treated religion in general quite calmly, the church quite calmly, as one of the assistants to the chief prosecutor of the holy synod, he first began a court career along church lines, although strange idea, it seems he started in the horse guards units, he took part in the coup, oh, since the time of peter the great, to jump from position to position, but here it was fully deserved, since from his youth he was interested in church life, he was interested in spiritual matters. he knew the sacred texts well and took part in the development of the secularization policy of catherine

ii, not in the leading roles, of course, but he was one of the conductors of this policy. and here it is also necessary to add that, apparently, the sympathies catherine's mutual sympathy for potemkin arose during the time of the coup. he was one of the two people who led the horse guards, who were generally hesitant, their commander was a prince of german origin, completely loyal to peter, for which he was... fairly beaten and humiliated by soldiers, so he, together with another comrade of his, of a higher rank, in my opinion, a lieutenant or sub-lieutenant, he led the horse guards, accordingly , to swear allegiance to catherine, then took part in the campaign against peter ii and the holsteiners, yes, which later led to the arrest and abdication of peter ii, fought as, you quite rightly noted, bravely, and was noted by none other than field marshal general pyotr rumyantsev. for bravery, and later he and rumyantsev would have a rather complicated relationship, rumyantsev was somewhat

envious of potemkin's rise, they had different views regarding the conduct, not the conduct, but the strategy of military operations, but this would be later, rumyantsev gave him a brilliant characterization precisely during these very military operations, when he, who also instantly took off several ranks forward, there are several chens in the tab about ranks jumped already for the second time -

to the forefront, so to speak, the eastern system came to the fore, because, strictly speaking, with all the changes, various historical situations, for russia, as if in priority, simply at some point one prevailed, at another moment another, that means, there were three such pain points, that means, in the west, this is poland, in the north this is sweden, in the south this is the crimean khanate, and from there a lot of

troubles flowed, and continuously, so to speak, it was such, well, a very painful factor, in fact, this was largely potemkin's idea, and it was the conquest of crimea, this idea was by no means a dreamer's, he had a very extensive... network of agents there, the plan was quite clearly worked out, it was pragmatic, and as the russians said then, that...

the project, it was a pragmatic project and well, clearly worked out, as far as the greek project is concerned, and there were many things planned there, to expel the turks from europe, to generally free christians from muslim influence, to imprison, to create a greek empire to put on the throne of this greek empire, the grandson of constantine. catherine eventually refused this, and as for the crimean project, then it means. here everything was different, she agreed with potemkin's arguments, promised from the occupation of crimea, so to speak, considerable economic benefits, the income of this peninsula in your hands will rise, salt alone is already an important article, and what about bread and wine, well, finally potemkin summarized that the border of russia is

the black sea, well, in general, in short, potemkin's arguments convinced catherine. also it is worth adding that the main enemy of russia at that time in foreign policy remained france, which relied on that eastern barrier you already mentioned, which was sweden in the north, the polish-lithuanian commonwealth in the west, and in the south - perhaps the main part of this eastern barrier, the ottoman empire with the crimean khanate, a vassal to it, and france could use this eastern barrier.

horde, so the threat was quite strong, it was very important that we should be in direct contact with the turks, because the crimean khanate does not see what the turks are doing there, yes, that they can maneuver there, they can overtake the fleet, yes, that russia, this is also often forgotten, was prohibited, shipbuilding and navigation in the black sea, the turks considered the black sea as an internal water body of the ottoman empire, at that time still. potemkin believed that ... this is a historical podcast russia-west on the swings of history, we continue the conversation about the most serene prince grigory potemkin. the russo-turkish war of 1768-1774, which is sometimes called the first russo-turkish war, although in

fact it was not only not the first, but the fifth since the end of the 18th century. the point of contradiction there was the war to oust russia from the black sea regions the ottoman empire, under the influence of france, wanted to capture astrakhan, in general, the main thing in poland, because the turks were then very interested in polish politics, in poland there was a protege of catherine and her former lover. august pontyovsky, absolutely right, and against him was the so-called lordly confederation, and turkey demanded from russia to stop supporting ponetovsky and accept the conditions of the master's master's confederation. russia refused, turkey started the war, with the support of france, with the support of austria, not direct military, but diplomatic support

and such diplomatic incitement. if we talk about how the war went, then the first campaign of 1760. paralyzed, turkey began to suffer economically, because the fleet did not leave there, yes, economically, uh, quite a lot. the following year, in 1971 , the dardanelles were blockaded, and turkish trade in the black sea

was already completely undermined. in the same 1771, dolgorukov's army captured the perekop, then occupied crimea itself, which ended the raids of crimea, the crimean tatars on russian territory. after that, accordingly, there were more raids, the last raid, by the way, was quite serious, because they drove away several tens of thousands of people to polon, according to various estimates. negotiations with turkey had been conducted before this, but then the orlovs' star set, because orlov conducted the negotiations too rudely, and the peace negotiations ended failure, and catherine ii and panin believed that there was no need to put pressure on turkey in principle, that russia was interested in ending the war as soon as possible, in concentrating its forces. the war continued and ended. that was the most difficult-to-pronounce cornish peace, according to which crimea was declared, that was the main result of the war, crimea was declared independent and effectively passed under russian protectorate, and the russian fleet received

the right of free passage through the dordanelles basin. in general, in the end these were fundamental. turkey was thrown back very much, and the turks, of course, did not resign themselves, the turks supported the uprising in crimea against the russian troops in every possible way. catherine was very cautious about territorial acquisitions. and this is also a common idea that russia sought to constantly expand its borders under catherine, catherine was cautious about expanding borders and considered it necessary to take certain territories, as in the case of the partitions of poland, as well as in the case of the crimean khanate, when foreign policy was favorable to it a situation when russia had undoubted arguments in favor of annexing these territories. in december 1782. after all these rebellions, after this confusion in crimea, the empress sent potemkin a top secret rescript in which she declared her will to appropriate the peninsula and

annex it to the russian empire. as soon as crimea was annexed in 1983, as soon as potemkin, after this long, complexly developed operation with troop movements, with the restoration of control over the nogai horde, that is, there were many factors to keep in mind, starting right away. but we must at least understand that this is the result of an information war, it began under peter, and maybe even earlier under peter the great, but this is also one of

the results, here is the famous trip of catherine the great to crimea, it was, naturally, not only a working trip, it was a rather lavish trip, although we must take into account that, in general,

it was a myth that passed it off as a military one, and, as a rare exception, it is absolutely certain that the author of this myth is a saxon diplomat, helbick, he was in russia, was formally the secretary of the embassy, ​​in fact a resident, that is, he headed the intelligence service, so to speak, saxon in russia, so he himself did not... take part in the trip, he simply very actively, carefully collected all the rumors that were in the capital about this trip, and he...

trimmed them, put them on the shelves, and the very first publication was anonymous in the hamburg magazine minerva, so it appeared publication on this subject, and then such a pamphlet appeared, potemkin tavrichsky already under his signature, this book was reprinted many times in holland, england, france, in general, it walked around europe introduced, so to speak, europe to these potemkin villages, in general, these were of course dirty political technologies, in modern language, the main, perhaps the most important reason was that it was still dangerous to attack catherine herself, so through potemkin the blow, as it were, ricocheted off ekaterina, everyone knew that he was the favorite, yes, everyone knew that he was the favorite, so there were several sources of these rumors,

firstly, this...

this is ekaterina. larionova larisa sergeevna here. i am her husband. another husband. i try to have everything like other people have, here you bought a chandelier with gallows, well, live with your chandelier, what a choir, the premiere of a multi-part film, tomorrow after the program time, a man with a pocket, play a little, that's why i wrote apin, who is grigory to you, grigory is my son, we are with

we will play with you. and we continue, today in the center of our attention grigory potemkin, so that we do not concentrate all attention on potemkin alone, otherwise sometimes it seems that huge processes.

are led only by some great personalities, it must be said that in the development of crimea he, of course, played a very big role, as a leader, as a strategist, contrary to this myth about potemkin villages, which are refuted by most modern historians, including the author of potemkin's biography in the zhzl series, the famous olga eliseeva, an outstanding specialist in the ekaterinburg period. the important point is that the enormous energy, the resettlement energy of the russian, ukrainian peasantry played a role in...

very large, and of course, the very fact of this number of arrivals, the arriving population, in itself refutes the myth of potemkin villages, there was simply no need to build, yes of course, so many people arrived, cities were founded, cities arose under potemkin, kherson, ekaterinoslav, alexandrov, berislav, nikolaev, pavlograd, constantinople, melitopol, mariupol and a little bit from the other side, yes nakhichevan, this is under the management of this. region potemkin with his direct participation. count sigur, who accompanied the empress during this famous journey of his in 1787, describes: we saw an almost finished fortress and barracks for 80,000 people, admiral-tests with all accessories,

an arsenal containing up to 600 guns, two warships, one frigate equipped for launching, public buildings erected in different places, several churches of beautiful architecture, finally, a whole city already a trading one with 2. seven houses and shops.

all these facts and figures, they really make an impression, they are being mastered completely absurdly, against this background, here you have brought all these sounds, here this myth, well, how... so, supposedly enterprising potemkin showed the naive sovereign, so, painted scenery, costumed people, depicting contented citizens, naturally, even herds were allegedly driven from place to place to demonstrate abundance, which reigned there, in general, it must be said that the idea, this very idea that the smart catherine could believe in all this sham, cuts down the empress herself, because she was far from being a stupid woman, we understand all this perfectly well, she could easily see through all this, potemkin had plenty of snipers who could well have looked behind

the scenery, of course, but we don’t have such evidence, of course, but there is evidence not only from russians, but also from foreigners, well, here is the english diplomat, alan fit herbert, he accompanied catherine during her trip to the crimea, reported. to london again he reported to london, he wrote what he saw, and not what i don’t know, he wanted something to be presented there, a diplomat is obliged to report accurately, so he wrote to london: the empress is extremely pleased with the situation of these provinces, the well-being of which is truly amazing, because a few years ago there was a complete desert here, and 5 years before the trip of this famous one to the crimea,

with abundant waters, which belongs to the very kherson, then imagine a multitude of stone buildings multiplying every hour, a fortress, obviously, that potemkin, well... there was no reason to create any more sham, what he actually built was enough. here are a few more words about the events. the problem of russia is fugitives. potemkin, for example, stated that fugitives should be accepted in the tovria province, and his argument was that otherwise they would flee to poland, well, that's right, that's right, especially since potemkin is here, well, you can fantasize, yes, assume that

thus, social tension is being vented from central russia, about foreign colonists, we all know about the influx of foreigners under peter i, yes, the second massive influx, it was catherine ii, not anna ivanovna, when, according to klyuchevsky, the germans poured into russia like rubbish from a leaky bag, this aphorism of klyuchevsky is quite reliable, in this case, under catherine, this resettlement policy, which he supported.

still not by these anecdotes, but by their real contribution to the development of russia, in particular. potemkin did a great job together with catherine, but he was at the forefront, so to speak, of all these transformations of the conquest of crimea, the importance of this crimea, and maybe today it is brighter, it is more prominent for us than it was even then, we now understand this perfectly well and... thanks to both potemkin and catherine, for

the fact that, as potemkin wrote, the borders of russia are the black sea. thanks for drawing the border there. at the very end, it is worth saying that we do not end up with such a completely gilded figure, a person of course contradictory. this also concerns the ability to intrigue, and not always honestly, well, although how can you honestly intrigue, this is aksyumaron, he did not like to pay debts, although he was the richest. it is important to say the latest research, which, fortunately, is published, i think,

will continue to be published in the future. this was a historical podcast, russia-west on the swings of history, we talked today about the most serene prince potemkin, with you was peter romanov and sergei solovyov, study history with us. all issues of the podcast russia and the west on the swings of history can be viewed on channel one website. dear friends, we are on air with the creative industry podcast, or rather a special episode of the creative industry podcast dedicated to the recently held tenth anniversary international cultural forum, with you is roman karmanov, ceo of the presidential fund for cultural initiatives, we have it today in...

it is exclusively 2 years old due to covid, this year is already the tenth anniversary forum, it received a slightly new name due to...

you understand, because what is very important, initially, we have never been closed to others for a day countries and for cultural figures, everyone comes to us, i must say that this whole culture of cancellation, if you look at the repertoires of european, well, iconic theaters, i can give as an example laskal with the repertoire of boris gadunov, a few days ago the absolutely triumphant tour in japan of eldar abdarzakov, where well, really hundreds of people, fans...

and the cis countries, where we are connected by our common state film library, our common golden soviet film library. the name of the forum sounds like the word sovereign, sovereign culture, what expectations of the countries that come, they come to see our culture, to learn about it

or to show theirs, or in search of an answer to how to build now after, as our president says, the era of vulgar globalism.