>> syria's refugee children vulnerable. many forced to work. they are exposed to dangerous exploitation. >> hello, welcome to al jazeera live from doha. also on the program: change at the top of pakistan's military. general raheel sharif takes over as the new boss of the country's armed forces. >> also in nepal a rude awakening for the maoist after the results of the election. >> and protesters in thailand

keep up protests against the government. more than 1,000 demonstrating inside the compound. >> we start in pakistan where the military has a new boss. lieutenant raheel sharif takes over as the new army chief, considered to be the most powerful job in the country. these are the pictures from the ceremony where raheel sharif was installed a while ago. he took over from general pervez ashfaq kayani. perhaps the new challenge is the threat from the tribal north. the pakistani taliban and others continued to attack the armed forces. then there's drone attacks in the north-west. attacks on the western border with afghanistan is a challenge.

things are expected to get worse after troops pull out. there's a traditional rivalry. thai's have improved. border skirmishes in kashmir has continued. how is the new man portrayed and seen? are they concerned he'll be different? >> everybody expects a continuity as far as policy is concerned. that is, of course, the deployment of the military as you right fully mentioned. challenging times for pakistan, not just because of what is happening on the eastern boarder with india, but squirmishes in kashmir, and the rising threat of infiltration. here in swat valley a few years ago the taliban chief will try

to prove he has power. if not, thousands or hundreds of fighters are said to be armed and ready to start to destabilize things. there'll be significant challenges. as far as the main military tactics are concerned, policy is concerned. it appears to be a continuum. >> continuity. if you talk to the people where you are, what do they want the new man to do. >> well, first of all, the residents of swat and areas around would be nervous. there's a threat from the taliban chief because this is his home turf, and he will try

to reassert some of his presence here as well. what the team of swat are afraid of is that the military has to continue to focus on the particular threat, and not take its eye off the ball. people in swat were dislocated. over 2 million had to flee homes when the valley was taken over. the military, general pervez ashfaq kayani launched a major operation, making it possible for the 2 million to return to swat valley in a record time of a few months after being driven out of their homes. they have a lot at stake in swat. >> kamal hyder with the latest from swat valley >> hundreds of thousands of syrian children are at risk of missing out on an education. a report has highlighted the plight of children away from their homes and families.

60% of syrian child refugees have been taken in. more than half syrians are children. they have almost 400,000. a staggering 80% of them are not at school. jordan has taken in 100,000. more than 1,000 are separated. in the country that's given them a new home, syrian refugee children are not safe. they have to work to provide for their families. hoda abdel-hamid reports. >> this is an 11-year-old girl. she escaped the war in syria, to face new danger in lebanon. her school is safe. like her, many of these refugees have to work once classes are over. >> translation: a man in a car with a syrian plate number

approached me and asked to buy plours. as -- flowers. as he i gave him the flowers he grabbed my arm. i ran away. she no longer works on the streets. her brother had no chis choice. her mother is a cleaner. every afternoon her brother sells flowers. more and more children are forced to work. as families's resources are depleted children are sent out to work. >> you can see the problem in almost every street corner in lebanon. the children are vulnerable to exploitation and abuse. >> the children are traumatised from what they saw. they are scared to reveal their

identities. >> >> translation: we were in a bus. it was a checkpoint. we saw them kill people in front of us. >> images are in their minds. many original children are not getting the help they need. they face risks in lebanon >> translation: they are traumatised by the violence. some see abuse in crowded areas where the refugees stay. >> by talking to the children you realise how the war impacted their lives. >> translation: the war won't stop. people kill each other. people take revenge. if one man loses a brother he kills the one responsible. >> at the age of 10 this boy has an adult understanding. "i'm disturbed and frustrated",

he's a generation of innocence that is in danger of being the casualty of war. >> a spokesperson for the unhcr joins us from beirut. give us an idea of how widespread the problem is. >> well, we have - we are registering lebanon as 1,500 children coming every day. some of them are literally speechless. we have seen horrors. it affected them so much that they can't get it out of their mind. they are highly traumatised. this year alone we reached over 150,000 children with psychosocial support programs that try to heel wounds that are difficult to heel. >> there are some schools inside syria that tried to reopen. on the whole many children have not been to school for a number

of years. what is the impact this will have on their lives. >> it has a huge impact. here in lebanon we have over 200,000 children out of school, and this is linked to many problems. some families are forced to send their children to work. parents, like the parties that we have seen, but we also have a huge problem of funding and capacity and in lebanon we have seen an increasing population of 20% over the past year, and there's a huge limitation in the capacity that public schools have to accommodate the children. we are working day and night with all the partners. unicef and other agencies to increase the capacity and have children going in second shifts in public schools. we try to organise informal education. many children are still out of school, and we have to remember for a child to be in school, it

means being a child and having the chance of forgetting what their day looks like. as a refugee in this country and having a chance of being with peers, learning and dealing with their time constructively. >> thank you, roberta from the unhcr. >> more than 40 people have been killed in an explosion at an aum unition depot in libya. it happened in the southern part of the country. locals and afghan immigrants were trying to steal ammunition. >> thousands of antigovernment protesters are protesting outside the parliament calling for the prime minister's

resignation. protesters have occupied official buildings in an attempt to shut down the government, believing that yingluck shinawatra is being controlled by her brother, the former prime minister, ousted in 2006. earlier they entered the premises and were let in quickly. >> about 1,000 protesters entered. we are inside the royal thai army headquarters. they were allowed to come in. they haven't gone much beyond the large lawn. there aren't many military officers here. you expect that if they'd been breached, there would be more military presence. there isn't. there's a barricade in front of the building. there are protesters. i was there a couple of minutes ago. a lot of smiling, posing for pictures. it's a very calm situation here. there has been speeches going on

and the purpose for them to come in - they handed a letter to the secretary-general of the army, asking one question - where do you stand, are you with the protesters or with the yingluck shinawatra government? >> a 2-day european union summit in lithuania is showing no sign of signing a deal with ukraine. president viktor yanukovych opted for closer ties with russia. thousands took to the street. germy's chancellor and others tried to persuade him to move closer to europe. our correspondent is in lithuania, where the summit is due to wind up. >> i don't expect there'll be many in the e.u. holding out much hope than angela merkel herself. the polish prime minister asked after dinner how negotiations had gone and said this, "they

didn't go. it's over." i imagine they'll be holding out hope for the future, that this deal, long planned six years in the negotiating can be put back ooght. if not only for the speng -- speck tore of thousands on the treats and ukraine now has a more fresh-faced opposition that may offer some promise. also because ukraine comes to this summit bearing mixed messages. a stern message from viktor yanukovych on changing. he has come here to explain hays position, not to change his mind, with the e.u. offer was a humiliation in the face of economic threats from russia. he felt he had no choice but to bow to - and refused to exceed to the e.u.'s condition to release from gaol opposition

leader tymoshenko. he'd probably rather she stays there. these comments from the first deputy prime minister ahead of the summit. "ukraine needs europe and a european course. we don't want a battlefield. we want good relations with both." as everyone in the region knows by now, it's easier said than done. >> to the poll where mooists are losing the grip on power. nepalese voted for old parties to draft a new constitution. maoist when were being the largest party to a third. we go to kathmandu in nepal. the results are a change of forward -- fortune for the parties. what happened. >> mooists were the biggest

party. people played the mauists for not making the constitution. the second thing that happened was the maoist leaders amassed property. the news of that made the solution, and a direct impact of that is the party split into two, one being a hard lined group, who didn't participate. the maoists based - the county would be disintegrated by this kind of federalism. it was a mixture of reasons i can't maoists was so bad this time. >> life here is tough.

this man's sons are unemployed. they have a place to sleep, not much else. they hoped things would stay for the better. they elected an assembly to write is now constitution. his vote for the maoist. >> they came out of the jungle. they would under the problem of poor people like us. they did nothing. like the consumers more expensive. >> as prices went up the constitution went nowhere. politicians couldn't agree on issues. on 19 november nepal had another go. when the results were announced the maoists were routed. this was the immediate reaction. >> translation: we won't be part of the constituent assembly. from being the largest party the

maoists are a didn't third. because they'll require a distant majority, they could be a factor. the grandfather of democracy. in the cities many cast ballots for the rpp partiy, a right wing party demanding the return of the monarchy. this time around he voted r perform p. >> translation: back in the days of the king it was more pieceful. >> that chance happens been given to the chairman of rpp nepal. he was considered a villain by voters in the 2008 election. back in 2006 he was the home minister and helped put down popular proit was.

>> for a poor country like nepal, we have spent almost 100 billion. after that the political parties failed. they want challenge, but challenge continued. >> there's several ways of interpreting the meaning of results. everyone here seems to agree on one thing, if the parties fail to draft new constitutions there may not be a third chance. >> 54 go on trial in zambia. stay with us.

. the top stories on al jazeera: general raheel sharif takes over as the new army chief in pakistan, a position many consider to be the most powerful job in the country. he was handed the charge at a ceremony. >> the u.n. warned hundreds of thousands of children are at risk of missing out on an education. children as young as seven have to twork provide for their families. >> maoists are losing their grip on power in the nepalese. >> 54 are preparing for the zambian court, facing treason

charges. a treaty was signed in 1964 to relinquish and form a new independent zambia. we are joined by our correspondent. >> what are you expecting to see in court? >> well, the accused arrived a short time ago under a heavy armed guard. they denied treason, we expect that some of them may walk out of court. they split >> two. half turned up to the party, celebration after the national government was announced in august. the other half are hard core separatists. these people say they are not zambian, they are nationals, and don't want to be heard in the court. they don't want to be facing charges in their homeland. >> this is the western province.

it was the center of barotza land. a monarchy and british protectorate joining northern rhodesia. many here want the union to split. in august dozens of separatists were arrested and accused of treason. saying that the president broke an election promise to restore the agreement of 1964, a treaty recognising the kings of the people, allowing for autoon me. a heeding separatist told -- leading separatist told me they won't rule out using force. >> the best means is talk and diplomacy. if it fails, force is an option. it happens everywhere. it's the natural course of event. >> balotz honour their king.

they worry that a zambian constitution will undermine their special place in history. >> although they see that the better option is for us to live in harmony. that this failed in the last 49 years. >> many say the government neglected them. it wouldn't comment. there are signs it is listening. motorists are asked what improvements could be made. the government is working on giving the provinces more powers. it won't make a special case of any one province and will not tolerate unrest. >> that woman is afraid to speak. her disabled son and husband are among those accused of treason. she says they did nothing wrong.

>> translation: the situation is devastating. what kind of leadership is in the country where there's no mercy. we are terrified we'll be arrested too. >> some would settle for investment from government. others want a separate state. it may be a separate issue. but it's not going away. >> what are the chances of them succeeding? >> well, i have to say at this point in time chances of success are remote. if government were to grant independence, then there's a possibility the risk of other provinces would go after the same thing and outside of the area there was not a lot of support for the idea. we've been chatting to people. zambia should stay one nation. they don't have enough resources to look after themselves.

that's why the separatists say if this went to a referred up, they don't want the whole country involved, just the people involved to vote on a referendum for the people themselves. >> china has sent military planes to the newly declared defense zone over the east china sea. fighter jets flew through the space an thursday, following similar moves by japan, south korea and the united states. beijing's declaration of a defense zone raised tensions. the area covers several contested islands. >> at least seven people have been killed by an earthquake in iran. the tremor measured 5.6 near the city of bushehr, where the only nuclear power plant is based and was felt as far away as saudi arabia. >> belgium took a step to

legalizing assisted suicide for children terminally ill. a change removing age limits from the euthanasia law. a decision would have to be approved by the parents. it is expected to be passed despite opposition. >> states in nigeria have been placed under military rule. >> a dammed business at a maoist state has been ruined by the extension of a state of merge -- emergency to fight boko haram.

>> translation: the state of emergency has down nothing for us >> many agree. they say there were little attacks by the boko haram. there has been little fighting between the military and militants. the stat of emergency has been devastating. the military presence in the state has - it added a lot of pain on the people. socially people's freedom to move around is restricted. >> phone lines were cut off for months. many feel the state of emergency could be lifted. it could be extended again. most of the violence took place in two neighbouring states where

state of emergency is imposed. the president, goodluck jonathan says successes haven't obtained. some believe the extension may be politically motivated because of the division between the state government and the president. >> those that are close to the president, who are opposing what we are doing here. >> the president denies such allegations. boko haram has killed thousands of people in the region since 2009 in a quest to have strict islamic law imposed. for those not concerned about what motivated the extension, they want the state of mench si lifted. that's not likely to happen

soon. >> after a 5.5 million journey, what was billed as the comic of the century is no more. it came been 1.2 millionkm of the services. don't forget you can catch up with the news on you are the most important part you are the most important part of the show to join our live of the show to join our live conversation on twitter for the conversation on twitter for the next half hour. next half hour. it is no secret that retailers it is no secret that retailers are getting ready to gobble up are getting ready to gobble up your shopping dollars this your shopping dollars this holiday season, but they are not holiday season, but they are not the only ones. the only ones. charities are also counting on charities are also counting on the gift of giving over the the gift of giving over the holidays, holidays,