beginning to shatter. young women are leading the way. less than 4% of fortune ceos are female. gm put a woman in the driver's seat, so what are the obstacles

in the way. >> employers snoop on email and technology use. how far is too far when it comes to bosses tracking workers. >> it was a handshake seen around the world, what if anything does president obama's handshake with raul castro mean for u.s.-cuban relations. >> are you interested in a one-way ticket to mars? get in line. you wouldn't believe how many have lined up to spend the rest of their line on morse. >> welcome to "consider this". according to a wednesday poll women earn $0.93 on the dollar compared to males. for all women the number is 84%. there's room for women at the top of the corporate food chain. 22 women ceos running fortune

500 firms. the number did grow to 23 on tuesday when mary barra accepted the top job. >> men and women of general motors are dedicated. i believe we have the best team on the field. it's an honour for me to lead the team. >> so are the cracks in the glass ceiling holding women back getting bigger. i'm joined from the "the huffington post" studio by senior columnist lisa belkin. great to have you with us. 23 female ceos in the fortune 500. this big breakthrough on tuesday with the 23rd, the first female executive to get a job at a big auto company. does that suggest the glass ceiling is breaking? >> a few more cracks, one at a time. that's how it's done. i don't think we'll wake up and

say, "it is over, it is fixed." i think we'll see incremental little by little. as was said, "i want to talk about the first woman", now we are talking about the 23rd, that's progress. >> last year it was 18. increments. >> this is progress. you have to do this before you get to where you want to be. it's progress. but no one is really celebrating in the streets yet. >> you wrote about a poll for the "the huffington post." as we mentioned the encouraging number. younger women getting 93% of what the male counterparts are earning. conditioning? >> the number is inching up. it was $0.73 to the dollar. $0.82 to the dollar, now the youngest workers are earning $0.93, women, to every dollar earnt by the youngest men. it's

the best it's been in recorded history. that is progress. it's an important number and it is progress. on the other hand, you know, the study which was 82 pages long, a pugh study went in the great detail to have the millennial generation, that of 18-32, sees their future. have you to remember two things. other generations of entry-level workers have started well. and as they run into the realities of having children and a complex workplace they have stopped earning as as well compared to men. the second thing is millennial women don't see a welcoming workplace. they don't see roll models for how to do it or a clear path. we have to pay attention to that as much as we pay attention to the 93 or 100. >> you wrote there's a lot of obstacle clearing.

people aged 18 to 32 agree three out of four, three out of five men saying more changes will be needed to close the workplace equality gap. what are the changes that needs to be made. when you look at the individual work places women say they get the same workplace opportunities and paid for doing the same job as the men? >> biology, we have to account for biology. this is a system created around a male model, a male working full throttle from the 20s and 30s, and running the show in their 40s and 50s, passing it off in the 50s and '60s. women don't have the biology. this was fine when men had it at home. what we expect of workers as opposed to the lives they want to leave. that's what has to change.

men are getting involved in that conversation. they are the ones saying, "me paradigm. >> let's talk about the working parents and obstacles, especially working mothers, millennial men don't seem to get it. 60% of millennial women, though, and only 20% of millennial men think it's harder for working parents to advanced. are you surprised that the men are clueless. >> this, too, is an increase from the past. i think, again, we are not there yet, if there is parody. i think that the reason millennials think this is because it's true. they think it's harder for a woman to get ahead when she has children, and not quite as hard for a man to get ahead when he has children because that is fact in the work place right now. one of the things of a determine salary is whether or not you

have kids. it's been true that women with children earn less than women without children. it used to be true that men with children earnt more than men without children. that is beginning to shift. i don't think men are quite caught up to the reality. >> in last august hanna rosin published an article saying that the idea that there's a gender gap was a myth, and a gap exists, but the gap had less to do with discrimination and more with what happened with men and women, that they congregated in different jobs and women's pay dropped off because of things we discussed. child rearing and care giving of elder parents. is that fair. have we made too much? >> i agree with hannah, there's a gender gap. it used to be blatantly because people would look at a man and woman and decide she should learn less than he.

i don't think it happens. truly it's not the central problem. the main problem is the way the system is set up, it makes it tougher for women to have all the pieces fit in their lives men. >> we have a social media question. michael todd says equality is not the deciding factor. more money doesn't always equal request. what do you say that? >> this generation told us they want different things out of work. salary is not the main measure, they want work they are committed to, balance in the life at home. yes, salary is not everything. it's what we traditionally measured. that's what we have a comparable set of figures for. it's not irrelevant. change. >> certainly the gap narrowed because

women's salaries increased significantly since the 1980s, and men's dropped. one place where women outpaced the men is on the education side of things, in college enrolment and bachelor and graduate degrees. are you surprised it didn't even out more quickly. >> that is what is striking. out of the gate women are hit. they are more educated. the playing field is levelled. and something happens along the way. that something it what we now need to dig into and fix. because the alternative is to let women not achieve to their full participation, and that is not okay. >> it's fascinating as you said, and a long survey, worth taking a look at. we appreciate you joining us. >> switching to the latest on

the affordable care act. on wednesday health and community services secretary kathleen sebelius told the house and energy committee that after the botched healthcare.gov roll out it has picked up. >> four times as many enrolled in november as in october. in the fires two months 1.2 million americans accepted a market-based plan or received a derl nation. with 365,000 accepting a plan and 803,000 receiving a determination. success. >> for more i'm joined in the new york studio. vice president for medical center clinical care and affiliates at n.y.u. langone medical center and host of heath care connect on sir. >> us sz xm radio.

a lot has changed. >> we are in trouble if the current trend conditions. >> yes, but remember the website has been working only a few weeks, people are just starting to go there. it's probably smarter to look at states with functioning websites like new york and california, and see who is signing up. in those states the numbers are closer to 20% of young americans signing up to balance out the systems. we'll have to see how this evolves. people are anxious to get insurance, elderly people who are disabled, locked out of the insurance markets. first. >> the administration says the website is functioning, it met its goals on being accessible. i tried it out. for me the times i tried it it's working well. is the administration, given the numbers we have, and the fact

that the website is below what a private industry will find acceptable, will it be on track to sign up the numbers they need to make it work? >> my opinion, no way this first year. i think it will take a year or two >> what happens? >> it's a good question. the president extended insurance companies and state abilities to allow people to extend their plans. the numbers that people are signing up for, it will take a year to sort out. i don't expect a catastrophe coming from this. i don't think it will be enough of a detrimental effect. like much of everything else in health care. >> looking at some things coming out, we have a survey out of duke university saying that 400 chief financial officers think obamacare will be poisonous for employment. the cfa, duke university

magazine polls think obamacare will force them to consider job cuts and 40% hiring fewer workers, and many saying they'll move workers to a 30 hour work week to avoid heath care insurance. did the administration take that into account when planning this? >> we talked about this. ceos are like other americans. there's a lot of misinformation out there, and a lot of this is playing out. health care costs are rising for years. long before president obama was elected. i would argue on some level if we didn't do something to get health care costs under control, the cfos would answer the same way in the survey. now, the other part that is important, and a lot of people don't understand this and i don't expect them to. the exchanges, the people buying insurance on the marketplace. the other part, which is equally

more important is how the health care providers that i work for and many others work for are looking at new ways to deliver the care we deliver now. less expensively and more curve. before. >> sure, but they didn't. i shouldn't say they didn't. it takes time. the affordable care act accelerates the process. whether it works is a big question. that has started. from the standing point of someone working in the hospital system, information last week-about california, a lot of discussion about how many doctors will opt out and not participate in obamacare, will it be a problem? >> it's not that they are opting out of bare , -- obamacare, and the insurance exchanges. some will, some won't. time will tell if there's enough providers. for an insurance company to sell insurance, they need enough

providers in the network. they have to balance out paying their doctors enough to sell the insurance to the numbers that want to belong. >> secretary kathleen sebelius said they'd launch an investigation into what happened with the obamacare rollout. a lot of people are saying why themselves? >> this is washington. that's how things work. will it improve how the exchanges function? absolutely not. will it enrol more in health care reform? >> absolutely not. we knew it was coming. >> are you optimistic. >> moderately. >> more or less? >> i'm more optimistic that they jumped over a hurdle. we have many more hurdles ahead of them. we have a lack of information and understanding leading to more uncertainty and time will stop that. there's a number that need exists.

>> atalk to them all the time. >> andrew rubin, great to have you here. >> has new technology led to big brother bosses? we run down the question of how far is too far when we snoop. harmeli aregawi is tracking the tab stories. what's up. >> 24 employees say they were fired for speaking up. i'll tell you more. join in the

fight drug trafficking and forbid marijuana consumption, or let thetñ

>> how closely are you being watched at work? it's no longer just about what you post on

social media, write in an email or what your last key stroke was. we report on the next phase of monitoring employees. data collecting badges that track your every move. >> most are not jumping at the idea of wearing an employee tracking device. >> three questions asked is how many times do you go to the bath room, does my boss look at my say? >> as cool as how it sounds, i had those questions. the device collects behavioural metrics, top of voice, with an end goal of producing an end goal. think billy in "moneyball." >> the problem we are trying to solve is there are rich teams and poor teams and 50 feet of crap and then us

>> for the sake of a one-day trial we collected at an individual letter. >> we are at soeshia economic solutions. i'm about to get the badge how do i use this. data is collected. >> yes. >> i'm a little self-conscious. to test we enlisted the help of the ben's colleagues. a conference room discussion about what to order for lunch. very heavy stuff. >> consistently david wins the competitions. >> would like date day. >> hold on. >> you know the co-worker that talks and talks. >> do you think. >> hold on a sec. and played that guy. oh, did the data show it. >> this is me in blue, now people can come and say, "ben,

you need to tone it down." >> we compared an alert employee with a tired employee. >> time for a snooze. again. the data was loud and clear. you are in your chair. your posture is up rite and you are moving around. it flat lines when you lay down. if my boss had access to the data i might be in trouble. i asked if ben's company would sell the product to someone that wanted to spy on employees, and if not, how do you prevent it? >> they are not allowed to use it in a way that identifies users. we won't operate this that way. >> ben says clients' employees couldses the badges. why? bank of america is a good example. ben's team saw a call center was outperforming the other. they looked at the data the

badge collected and made a simple change. they gave half the teams at the lesser performing call center the same scheduled break time. >> people comcompleted calls when we made the challenge. there was no change in the group where they didn't change their breaks. it's incredibility. >> when people chat with employees, social, less stressed in their performance. >> yes. it's not rocket science. >> "people analytics" is evolving. you may be the next lucky or unlucky employee to find a badge with your name on it. >> we are joined by a guy that talks and talks and talks, ben waber, the ceo of socialo economic solutions and the author of the book "people analytics," and don peck, deputy editor of "at lantic magazine", his cover story wa they're

watching you at work" shows how they are transforming the hire, fire and promotes and joins us from washington. >> don, we know we are monitored in all sorts of ways, depending on where you work, employees watch your emails and instant messages. two-thirds of employers are monitoring your internet activity. we have cameras, they have phone information, laptop information, some monitor every key stroke we use on our computers. why would a data gathering badge like that be an invasion of privacy? >> well, it's different than those other methods because companies are beginning to do things beyond looking at whether you are surreptitiously looking at pornography. they are using data comparing it to metrics of performance.

they are using the data to try to assess how people are doing and how they can do their jobs better. it's a different tracking. whether it's an invasion of privacy as the opening segment indicated depends on the employer and the way they use the data. >> ben, your company doesn't want the badges to be used to monitor individuals, they want to come to the workplace and look at group trends, not about tracking employees. why is it a big deal to focus on the individual. >> fill. in terms of the technology, employers don't have the ability to look at the data. we aggravate the data. it's not possible for an employer to look at it. if we hacked into the database, we wouldn't know whose data is who. there's protection in there. but i think it's important that

the idea today. one of the examples is the work i do in retail. think about the way it works today. i might have stores across the country, and maybe one store that is outperforming lots of other storms. fundamentally i have no idea why that is happening. it's about the way employees are interacting with customers and talking to each other. understanding that is hugely important. if i bottle that and transfer it to all the other people and happier. >> you did that in the bank of america example. i understand looking at it in a group way. >> sure. >> wouldn't it help if you had more information about individuals and how effective they were? >> the thing is that in terms of performance data, we are not - the badges themselves and the sources is what we tap into. we are not generating the

performance data, it's data that we can relate to patterns. say, for example, if you take a rest at work and a nap, to say that's unproductive, that it's not accurate. we are taking data that the company has and relating it to the patterns. it's not to say there are not potential uses for data. the potential makes going down that sort of road really not a good way to go. >> you say in your piece the technologies could have all sorts of positive effects, including getting rid of the bias that exists in the workplace, you can eliminate a lot of discrimination whether intentional or unintentional. >> when you look at the way we hire and evaluate and promote people in the u.s., it's

astonishing how qualitative and casual it can be. biases are rife. what's the difference between ceos. a bmp of business scholar is that ceos look more competent than the rest of us. they are at pains to show looking confident has nothing to do with the other. tall many get more than short men, beautiful women than not so. the opportunity goes on. using data, linking it to performance, using it to augment human judgments can be a good thing. it can eliminate some of the biases >> don't we need it happen? >> there's a question of in the long term what the data looks like and what the laws around this are. imagine a future where i take my data - the way we work is you

own your own data. imagine you are trying to find a job. i take the data and say listen, i'm an unlikely candidate. you can take my data and see i'll be an excellent employee. and that i fit in well. there's emphasise on the individual and there's benefit. the whole reason we are in companies and a lot of problems they have are about working together and collaborating. simply questions we have around trying to understand who should i talk to and what groups should i work with. that's the individual feedback i can get for myself. it's useful. we do a lot of that. that area is important. >> the harvard business review said is a third of team performance is predicted by a number of face-to-face

exchanges. too many is too -- is much of a problem as too few. but they can look at data and he who would be natural leaders. is there a danger of going too far, becoming a slave to metrics ben? >> well, i think that in our coo he was the one that did the study. i think when you look at the mettics. the idea is if you were saying i have to get the cohesion message up or talk to these groups, you'll have problems there. really the things that we are focus the on and the things that we find are predictive outcomes are what individually you can influence, and are more about setting up the environment in a way that the right interactions

happen and the right people will communicate. to give an example, the way most companies figure out - choose where you sit. they say here is on open desk we'll put you there. it has a huge impact in terms of how people elaborate. what that means is if you have - if i put you on a different floor or aware from people you shouldn't talk to, that's a huge effect. let's use algorithms. how do people collaborate, what are the drivers and use the data to build lay outs that drive collaboration patterns. >> the algorithms are used in all sorts of ways, zer ox use them to look at employees. it spits out a score. you found managers don't want to

do face to face interviews. the algorithm is successful at picking better employees. xerox found that hiring managers found the score to be success: they see it as a formality. they get a colour code. red, yellow recollects green. based op a test that can't dates taken looking at cognitive ability, personality and skills, and the score has proven to be predictive of performance. i think that is a danger. i think if you take these things too far, that is not a good thing because, you know, scores are fallible and people are fallible. most companies are using both. i should note including xerox.

>> you talked about how you were creeped out about it. but the more you looked into it you found the work place technology could have an exact on the economy than those on wall street trading. it's fascinating stuff, appreciate you both joining us. thank you both for your time. time to see what is trending on the webb item. >> we move to another workplace debate. two dozen employees at domminos were fired after questioning their pays. this is one of them. he said a disagreement with the store manager started rather than being sent on deliveries where they could take tips, they were kept inside the store to work for $5.65 an hour. >> we told the man we want to go out and do delivers, i need to do tips.

$5.65 is not enough to pay the bills, we need to make money to buy gifts for the kids. >> the 24 workers have the backing of two new york lawmakers. sunday city council members donald defeated: tweeted: >> the store supervisor would not confirm or deny the allegations saying, "we didn't do anything illegal." read more at the website. >> president obama faces new criticism for shaking raul castro's hand instead of snubbing the leader. does the chance encounter mean anything for relations 2010 the two countries. >> later, space travel not just for astronauts. find out why there's a chance that an average joe can get a one-way ticket to mars.

he wanted to cut the growth in cost of living adjustments and others that felt that was the wrong way to go to start to cut entitlements or at least slow the growth of entitlements. both of them came to a neutral, compromised ground. this is a compromise of the sort that people have been asking for for quite some time. the bottom line here, those conservative objections are getting some traction, but the betting is now this evening that this is going to pass the house of representatives on thursday and go to the senate the next week and end up on the president's desk, joie. >> mike, thanks for being with us. we'll follow up.

ahead. the international space station marks 15 years. are we getting enough bang for our buck, or is it just taking up space? get it? >> every morning from 5 to 9am al jazeera america brings you more us and global news than any other american news channel. find out what happened and what to expect. >> start every morning, every day, 5am to 9 eastern with al jazeera america. >> a not-so-simple handshake

took away much of the attention from tuesday's nelson mandela memorial after a half century of acrimonious relationships. what does the brief greeting between president obama and raul castro mean for the two countries, and how much had the relationship changed. also elian gonzalez, the little boy found at sea who became the center of an international custody battle left cuba for the first time and he parodied what the castro brothers said for decades >> translation: the message for me is many died trying to reach the american service. the american government with unfair blockades causes a critical economic situation inside cuba. >> joining us is julia sweig, the director of studies on foreign relation, and the author of "cuba - what everywhere needs

to know." i'm never ceased to be surprised at how much of a media fire storm is created. a lot of people are moving a lot into the handshake including a professor that says it represents a hopeful sign of travel reforms that raul initiated and it was a wisely chosen moment to send a message, a trial balloon to see how this was received in miami by cuban americans. in? >> i can argue either side or three sides. i'll be the devil's advocate to the lead, saying that this was a context in which president obama could have hardly avoided greeting raul castro, shaking his hand. it was a context about rechon

silliation. everyone hit that note speaking at the memorial. one could say it was symbolic. one could arg your. perhaps i'm too close to it. this along with president obama coxing a few weeks ago that it's -- coming a few weeks ago that it's time to upgrade the politics, it is something that could change the relationship. >> i said what you said when i was interviewed. there was no way he could avoid saying hello to him under the circumstances. the white house could have come up with a way of not having him put that that situation. do you think there was a plan behind it. >> the white house says there was no plan. let's stop parsing it, suggesting this is a president

reaching out to adversaries since running in the democratic primary. this is a president who every time he goes to latin america at a general assembly is told by all latin americans and his leadership will be judged by a policy joys on cuba. this is a president that wants to shake hands but nevertheless deployed teams for the last year. this is not inconsistent with president obama's foreign policy, and he has domestic politics firmly on his side. he won half of the cuban vote in 2012 in the state of florida. >> younger generations of cuban americans have different opinions than the older generations. president obama said, "when castro came to power i was born. the notion that the same

policies in place in 1961 would be as effective as they are today in the age of the internet and google does not make sense." american policy has changed dramatically. we have hundreds of thousands going to cuba every year, between cubans and regular americans going in many cases. >> cuban americans go there as much as they like for up to 364 days a year and go back, and can send their kids on summer vacations and send remittances. the rest of us cannot do that. specific numbers for 2013 are about 350,000 cuban americans and the relevant 100,000 of the rest of us. this is the only country in the world that the u.s. government bans its own citizens from travelling to. we could get fined by the treasury if we check the wrong

box, it's more open now than it has been. there's still sanctions regimes in place which has third country global financial dimensions to it. it's not just li batteral. it's real stuff. to say there there's big change far. >> compared to the past it's significant. >> let's listen to a quote earlier to the handshake. she said: >> it doesn't seem like cuba is making a big dealt. we talked about the cuban blogger said the news cast didn't show the handshake. the official newspaper for the cuban regime had the story nowhere. the spanish language version had

it buried and today had a men's. what is going on with that? >> i think it's the state press managing expectations and not having clarity about how to interpret it. today compared with yesterday, there's coverage on it. on cuba's own state television and cuban radio, which people listen to. it's sort of picked up at speed, bolstered by the global coverage that the handshake got. the cuban press follow the lead. today it's much more so. we should be careful not to say that the handshake is the beginning of some day-tonight significant change. we might look back and say it was on important milestone. history. >> is there a chance that there's going to be movement on this.

knowing that the cubans had alan grose in prison. and the cubans used americans as an excuse for their terrible economy. negotiate. >> i think you are right to be skeptical. negotiate is the key. we negotiate with all governments that we don't like whose values we don't share and the issue is what we don't have is diplomatic process in place to get alan grose out. we have not netted with the cuban government about that. there's a lot of age-old issues that need to be put on the table and raul castro played differently to fidel, does not blame cuba's problem on the embargo. it's buried in the third page of his speech. he's focussing on their own mistakes at home. >> we have a leave it there, thank you for your type of.

great to see you. we'll be right back. >> an al jazeera america exclusive... former president jimmy carter reflects on the life and legacy of nelson mandela. >> that spirit of nelson mandela is embedded deeply in the heart and soul of the south africans... >> they worked side by side for freedom, now president carter talks about mandela's global impact. a revealing interview you won't see anywhere else. >> i've never heard him say, that he was grateful to the united states... >> talk to al jazeera with jimmy carter only on al jazeera america have been telling you in the san joaquim river, freeze warnings in effect. never seen too much in terms of rain. los angeles, you are going to be seeing some beautiful weather all the way to sunday even into the low 70 did or high 60s, partly cloudy conditions, overnight, about 44 degrees. texas also dry for you as well. we saw rain showers and a mix of precip just a little bit up here towards the north. temperatures for dallas at about 42.

san antonio at 55. for houston, well, you are going to be seeing rain by the time we end the week. 59 degrees there. that will will last one day. your weekend should look better with a high of 63. over here towards the southeast, some rain showers pushing through orlando right now. atlanta is going to be about 56. an american auto maker making history. the newer ground general motor is making as it names its latest ceo. >> al jazeera's investigative unit has tonight's exclusive report. >> stories that have impact... that make a difference... that open your world... >> this is what we do... >> america tonight weeknights 9et / 6pt only on al jazeera america al jazeera america is growing and now more americans are getting the high quality, original, in-depth reporting al jazeera america is known for. >> to find out more about al jazeera america go

to aljazeera.com >> today's data dive is a big fraud or at least a look at those who faked their way on to big stages. nelson mandela's memorial was marred by a sign language interpreter who was not signing and stood a step away from world leaders, including president obama. the deaf federation from south africa said they were arbitrary and did not make sense. one tweet summed up the outrage: >> gatecrashers are common. david

niven's introduction of liz taylor was once interrupted by a streaker. probably the only laugh that man will get in his life is by stripping off and showing his short comings. at super bowl 38, mark robbins wore a fake referee uniform and walked past security. in the second half he danced wearing a thong before a trail tackled him. he ran nicked through wimbledon. the miss world and tv weather cast but called the super bowl the holy grail of streaking. >> in super bowl 12, dallas cowboys coach tom lance brie was carried out of field. the guy on the left was dion rich. he had no ticket. in super bowl one, he was part of the trophy presentation he should being into dozens of

super bowl and olympics. he had a better time than james miller. he par glided into the ring of the bowe fight. his lines got gought in the security. >> and then a white house dinner in 2009. they were not punished. but a public lashing. mchale parlayed it into a spot in "real housewives" before running off. coming up - can you get a one-way trip to mars? hundreds of thousands signed up for an ambitious plan that could get them a ticket to ride next. >> start with one issue ad guests on all sides of the debate.

and a host willing to ask the tough questions and you'll get... the inside story ray suarez hosts inside story weekdays at 5pm et / 2pm pt only on al jazeera america the anger all one sided? i hear rumblings from the people who cover the heat that the heat are not in love with players in the payer side, there is real hate here. >> there better be. they can really mess it up for them. when they dislike there, yeah, i think there is dislike but they've got the bravado. they got their chests out. it's still their game. but that's where the home court advantage is important, this game is important because miami used game seven to advance to the championship. they don't get one tonight, i mean, they don't get one in the end, that game seven here in indianapolis could be a problem. >> audiences are intelligent and they know that theirtñ

>> volunteers wanted. applicants must be smart, physically fit and have a

thursday for adventure. you must also be willing to go on a one-way trip to spend the rest of your life on mars. 200,000 people thought they fit the scripts and applied to be astronauts with the mars 1 foundation, a company that hopes to land people on the red planet. what will it take to get people to mars. will a private company compete with the government of the world in pushing the frontier of manned space explorition. here to talk about living on mars and what it might be like is derrick pitts from franklin institute science museum. mars 1 stopped taking astronaut applications. did you get yours in on time? >> i missed the cut. something about being chicken didn't work. i don't know what it was. that would do it. mars 1 has tape a step, a big

step towards launching its first mission in contract with lockheed martin and surrey satellite competition. let's listen to mars 1 cofounder bas lansdorp. >> we are very excited to announce today that we have contracted lead suppliers for our first robotic mission to mars. they are the first step in mars 1's overall plan of establishing morse. >> they hope to take the first step in 2018. is that enough time to go on and build the bigger manned mission to mars? they need about 3.5 years lead time to put toot the appropriately planned mission. if they get started now, they certainly have the time between now and then to do it. they have enough time to get the

work done. this is dovetailing with fundraising and if everything goes well they can get the first part of the mission off in time. i am sure they understand that they'll need plenty of extra headroom in their schedule in case they need to slowdown or that. >> mars 1 will cost an extra $6 billion and $4 billion for each group. it's a lot of money. do you think they'll raise it? >> i think it will be interesting enough exploratory mission that they will be able to find funders willing to pony up books to make this happen. if they get close, they'll be able to find people that are interested to sort of cover the gaps and they may have to

extend the launch or due date. this is dependent onwhether or not they can put the technology together to make sure it works properly to get the funding. what we have to look at is whether the funding starts to flow fast enough to accomplish their first goals. they made a good stop contracting lockheed martin and sst to build these two components. for the next two they'll need the big dollars. they seem to have interest. the plan about doing this is an interesting way to do it. they are depending on crowd sourcing funding. >> what are the big obstacles to having this work. they have the volunteers who are happy to take a one-way ticket. once they get there how difficult will it be for them live?

>> it will be difficult for them to live there. mars is one-third the environment. it's unforgiveably goal. radiation budget is colder. because of the lack of atmosphere and a lack of water. all the component will have to be there ahead of time for them to get there. what is most telling is whether or not they will have what it takes to handle medical emergencies. i think that will be the biggest difficulty. the gravity i don't think will be difficult. and, you know, the pioneer spirit of living if they have the equipment. someone will make it happen. they have to have the medical facilities to take care of emergency situations. >> the u.k. science ministry announces bringing toot the u.s., and european space agency to collaborate on a multinational manned mission to mars. is there a chance the agencies will work together putting

together a mission like that. will it involve a one-way ticket and a round-trip ticket? >> i think the big space-faring nations are interested in round trip tickets to and from mars for the astronauts. the u.s. and the european space agency worked together on projects before. they have a collaborative history. the united states working with partners for international space station has experience, but the chinas came on to the stage as big players. they are leaving hints that perhaps they'd be interested in working in an international partnership. they announced with the space station that they plan on launching around 2020, that they may be open to having non-chinas astronauts. that might be a hint that they are interested in proceeding out the risk and the cost among a number of partners.

>> the curiosity rover found evidence that water was all over mars. it looks like the water that was there was fresh and drinkable. what does that say about the martian eco system in the past. what does it tell us about earth? >> it's a confirming sign. one of many confirming signs that mars was like earth, a very long time ago. $3.6 billion years. that's a number used to identify when the lake was in existence. it's a lake of fresh water. it's a big change from what we sur miced about other bodies of water on mars. we thought perhaps they were acidic. this body of water looks like if we put microbes in it, they'd survive in the water that was there. it helps us to understand the early history of our planet. similarities between the two and

what's if you don't have enough gravity to keep the water there. it adds another piece to the puzzle about the possibilities whether or not life could exist on mars in the past, and perhaps there's some today, because the kinds of life that lived in the puddles were what they called chemo lithoauto trophs. these are the creatures living in rock, deriving their liquid there. we find them here today, maybe there's some still there. >> a lot of developments, derrick pitts, great to have you with us. >> this show may be over, but the conversation continues on the website. you can find us on twitter, facebook or google+. see you next time.

>> welcome to the news hour. these are the main stories from london, tens of thousands flee for their lives, taking shelter at an airport. >> an opposition leader is sentenced to death again. >> the latest from europe, including no retreat. protestors in key e