>> be welcome to al jazeera america. i'm john siegenthaler in new york and here are the top stories. colorado authorities say a high school senior apparently holding a grudge was behind the latest school shooting. 18-year-old carl pearson was looking for his teacher after a disagreement. a 15-year-old student was shot be flown to the south africa

eastern cape and will be buried in qunu. >> robert levinson was not a government employee the government says when he disappeared in 2007. multiple reports say plefnson walevinsonwas a government contn he vanished. foot of snow, new york, new jersey, connecticut expecting as much as six inches. those are the headlines. remember you can fet the lat late-- good get the latest on al jazeera.com and i will see you next monday. >> on "america tonight" an open wound. one year after the newtown pain. >> in the midst of our grief, we

have come to realize, that we want our loved ones to be remembered for how they lived their lives and how they touched our hearts. >> the you south korean leader, what he says for the her mit kingdom. remembering mandela. remember, for decades, his was hidden away. >> pictures of mandela, if we were caught with it, we would be arrested as a crime.

>> good evening, thanks for joining us, i'm joie chen. the echoes can't be missioned, an armed gunman, looking apparently to kill. shooting students before taking his own life. this day, it was in colorado, the be gunman a student himself. a year ago, though, it was newtown, connecticut where the victims will be remembered this week and where families will mourn and people who have come just to help have not gotten over the tragedy. tonight we begin with a conversation about healing, healers. and here is america tonight's sarah hoy. >> 26 dead including 20 students and six staff members. victims were remembered this week at the national cathedral in washington. >> it's hard for me to be here today.

talk about my deceased son. >> the new england town is not planning any memorials to mark saturday's anniversary and has asked the media to stay away. several families still grieving week. >> in the midst of our grief we have come to realize that we wants our loved ones to be remembered for the lives they lived and how they touched our hearts. >> victims' relatives said they would mark the anniversary their opinion way. >> we will light a candle for our daughter emily. >> for our son daniel. >> newtown's cracked. we have been through a devastating experience but yet in the midst of our cracks, in the midst of that brokenness you are seeing light of all kinds showing through, through kindness of neighbors and people doing amazing things. >> asking people to keep their distance during these weeks.

>> we are asking people to being perform an act of kindness in a very purposeful way and offer it up in honor of those youngsters and adults who lost their lives. >> all the media attention takes an emotional toll on the town. >> it takes time to reflect on our loss in a personal way. >> first to the scene, police chief michael keyhoe said emotional 16% of the 43 member police force have taken time out to deal with symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. all were first responders to the shooting. ful want to use sick -- many want to use sick time. connecticut being governor dan

plo malloy has offered sick time. >> now on long term disability we're told that officer bean is not alone. joining us is attorney eric brown who represents being officer bean. mr. brown, we are looking at the situation in colorado as well, can you give us some perspective for first responders, it might be hard for people to understand but they do have trauma in these incidents, too. >> yes, they do. first responders respond to very bad scenes, motor vehicle accidents, there's occasionalling hom siesdz in communities but the -- homicides in communities. but many have not had to deal

with issues like sandy hook. going into a school and viewing the carnage that happened that day, not surprisingly that was a little too much for some of them to be able to handle. >> and so what is the impact on someone like officer bean? how much is his life affected by this? >> oh, it's affected in every way, from how he manages to pay his bills to how he relates to his children to the impacts on his social life to the effects on his marriage and his home life. it's impacted every component in his life in a negative way. >> and there are others as well, who you say have not maybe publicly come forward, but are suffering as well? >> yeah, and we're learning every day, i mean just this week i learned of another officer who doesn't work in newtown but who happened to be present that day. and he was telling me about the impacts of the event had on his life. he was -- he happened to see a

couple of the dead children. and he never got help, nobody from his department ever spoke to him about it. he never revealed it because as he said he was supposed to be a big tough guy and people have looked negatively upon police officers who have had these mental impacts so people are keeping quiet. when i say people i'm meaning the spherthe officers involved. being there is reason to stay quiet because the first select woman and the leadership in this being town have been unwilling to secure the financial security of these officers if they have to leave work or ultimately leave the job. >> help me to understand. this affects the relationship these first responders have with their own children. why is that so difficult after a situation like this? >> as i understand it, after talking to these police

officers, some of these officers view their own children on the dead bodies, they'll have visions in certain places they are if they're out with their family so it's really had an impacts on them in the way they interrelate. and for those who get counseling, the counseling has been very helpful. but for others it's been a traumatic and difficult adjustment. >> and when you talk about your own clients, mr. bean, is his life returning to some semblance of normal at this point? >> tom has worked very hard to try to deal with the trauma that he experienced on that day. he's trying to move on, trying to find a new career. he's working with wounded warrior veterans now and trying ohelp them dea -- to help them deal with the ptsd. but the town won't allow him to

find another job. they refuse to allow him to find another job. they are only paying him a 50% benefit and they've told him that in a year they're going ocut him off. they're trying to make life as difficult as they can for him rather than ease his transition. >> painful situation for all, thank you for joining us. >> you're welcome, thank you. >> following up here across america, soldiers return from war, some with injuries that are visible, others with invisible wounds of ptsd. many techknow's lin techknow's y more ran reports. >> an indeadible mark on the minds of many vet

veterans. and can linger long after deployment has ended. posttraumatic stress disorder or ptsd was first diagnosed in 1980 but has suffered by warriors as long as there has been war. >> we have had shell shot and battle fatigue but yet we know so little what's at the cell you a la cellular level. >> dr. daniel leslie is conducting a research study where 100% oxygen is delivered to wounded veterans in the hope of promoting more rapid healing of brain tissue. >> what's the scientific reasoning behind trying 100% oxygen in order to heal traumatic brain injuries? >> nobody knows exacts answer yet.

one thing we do know, the rain is getting more oxygen. the body is getting more o oxyg. we know it works in the bones, in the eyes, and there are approved uses for hyper baric oxygen. >> say i'm wounded wawr i don't warrior. walk me through this portion. >> this whole area around your head is going to be filled with 100% complete oxygen, no regular air. i'm just going to snap it shut. and you are good to go. >> the clinical trial activities of 40 sessions throughout a 12-week period. >> and go. >> i'm little claustrophobic but >> no. >> los angeles may seem like an odd place to search for answers

to ptsd but the department of defense is being finding encouraging results with partnerships with being research institutes like usc. the institute has created brave mind, a clinical reactive being virtual therapy tool. representative of the same type of combat environments they were deployed. from a village to a marketplace, the numerous digital scenarios can be manipulated to being echo the veteran 's first episode of discretion. >> has this virtual reality helped to you cope with ptsd? >> i knew i

wouldn't be automaticallien cured but i knew i was given tools to deal with my issues. >> driving through the city i see the women and children are all heading back into the house. as soon as i turn right, we get hit by an ief. ied. at this moments i woke up and surrounded by flames. i just took a deep breath and just singed my lungs and i thought i was trapped to die. i felt my mortality. i was confronted with death. and it really flipped my world upside down. >> can you see more of lindsay moran's report on driverless cars and ptsd at 7:30 eastern on sunday. most powerful -- second most

powerful knowledge leader in north crea >> i'm phil torres coming up this week on techknow... for some soldiersknow... the war never ends. watch as a battle once fought in a warzone, comes to life on a video screen. >> he was doused in deisel fuel and he was just in a lot of pain. >> can re-living trauma lead to a cure for ptsd? technow on al jazeera america

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>> an al jazeera america exclusive... former president jimmy carter reflects on the life and legacy of nelson mandela. >> that spirit of nelson mandela is embedded deeply in the heart and soul of the south africans... >> they worked side by side for freedom, now president carter talks about mandela's global impact. a revealing interview you won't see anywhere else. >> i've never heard him say, that he was grateful to the united states... >> talk to al jazeera with jimmy carter only on al jazeera america

sense of security but today again it reminds us that

>> after ten days of mourning for nelson mandela come to a close this weekend, america tonight takes a look at the icon and the era from behind the lens. john marinovich was called the bang bang club that chronicled a transition to democracy. >> mandela's life was linked to mine, my grandmother said he was

a good boy, there was a twinkle in his eye and he was polite to my grandmother. mandela was the garden boy next door, and he would greet her nicely. once i saw him going otownships o townships that are out of bounds for white folks and vice versa, pulling pictures of mandela from behind the bed, because if they were caught with it, they were arrested because it was a crime. and all of a sudden mandela was going to be released. and wow, things are changing rapidly. we all dreamed to a kind of utopian end to a terrible kind of capitalism that was apartheid. the organizations had been banned for decades. when they were finally unbanned, things were explosive. violence erupted, on purpose. around and after mandela's release.

the idea was, to make sure that people saw the anc as a harbinger of revolution and ungovern ability. an organization that could not lead the country. in the '90s the majorities of the fighting was other security forces but motionly black people against black -- mostly black people against black people, prairnl the zulu party and mandela's party. it wasn't seen as an ethnic divide, you were either hated or ignored. so i went 52 into sowto. they were pig up and they were trying to force their way into one of the these dormitory buildings.

it was like this very terrible silence from inside. terrifying. the people outside had knives trying to get in. this man burst in, made eye contact as he went past. all these guys took after him and i followed him and he went down. and they started killing him you know at very close range, you know, touching range. and i kept photographing which was astonishing to me. first time i'd ever seen someone killed. and i wasn't psychologically prepared for it. i was absolutely horrified. and i was also horrified that i didn't try and stop his death in any way, you know. you know, journalists are not meant to interfere supposedly. but you know i'm a citizen first and a human being first and i wasn't even a professional journalist then. anyway i took the pictures processed them and that was the start of my career.

the bang bang club became famous for covering the violence'more intensively and sentencively than anybody else. but even our combined work didn't begin otouch on what was happening in south africa. when you look at someone dying, it's the most dreadful thing. when you see a mothers sitting vigil against a son that had been killed, and her hate and violence in her eyes directed you as an outsider it eats at your soul quite honestly. it felt good in a strange way, i felt i was kind of paying for the since of photographing so many dead people and dying people. mandela is beloved because he represents that dream. he's that icon that representatives freedom from all these terrible things our history has brought upon us. you know, covered a lot of mandela.

he was always very, very charming. and he had a great memory for faces. and he would recognize. and he would greet you warmly and come over and shake your hand. and you really feel like you've been touched buy demi god. he -- by a demi god. he had this incredible magnetism. the nice thing about photography is you do a lot of observing. and mandela was a fascinating character, you know. i think he had incredible self-restraint. he was very moral. and he had fantastic ideals that he strove to fulfill. he was really the great compromiser, at great personal cost. i think the age are and the bitterness he had to swallow to be this compromiser, very few could do that. there's a lot of mandela that's far from perfect. which doesn't detract from the things he was fantastic at.

when he was elected that was it, the so-called rainbow nature and we had reached utopia and yet it hasn't been delivered yet and we are drifting further and further away from it. l many virtually south africa has been without mandela for quite some time. he left the presidency in 1989. we are a very small country very varied and diverse with a lot of money and a lot of potential with demons mixed among us. and we have to continue to write our own future without this crutch that is mandela. this can be a good thing or it can be a disaster. i don't know, we'll see. >> photographer greg marinovich. that's it for us tonight. if you would like to see

anything more on what you've some of america's best-kept secrets are out. by now, most of the world has heard the name edward snowden. the former national security agency contractor who released thousands of classified documents about government surveillance in one of the most significant leaks in u.s. history. he's been charged with espionage and has been living in russia under temporary asylum. the american journalist at the center of the story lives in brazil. >> we've had to come to rio to speak tonn