this research came out in the 1990s, and it has been updated. anecdotally, there have been three cases this year. james winson, just before he won the heisman trey, he had allegations of sexual assault. and no charges were filed. but this has been below the surface for just awhile, if the athletes get away with cripes because of their status or if their status makes them tarts for false accusations. raj is bringing in your feedback, and raj, when we talk about rape, especially related to athletes in this culture. >> yeah, hot topic, and a lot of feedback from the community. and it seems to be a societal

problem. on facebook, frank says: >> to help us in this conversation, katherine redmond brown joins us, the founder of the national coalition against violent threats. and brian yates, sports attorney who represents professional sports teams, some of whose

fleets have been accused of rape and scandals. you have a very personal experience. >> right, when i was in my first week in school as a freshman in college in nebraska, he was sexually assaulted twice in a weekend by a football player, the first time, and the second time with two of his friends standing guard. the guilty with that, it was very shocking and upsetting, and the first thing that i will say is that i tried to figure every way possible to blame myself. how did i let this get out of control, what message did i send? even though the people had broken into my room. but i tried to find a way in which i somehow lost control and

relinquished it. the things that are through your head are not things that people would typically think. and a lot of the questions that people on twitter might have, or the concept such that they have, trust me, a rape victim has already gone through that in her head. she was already gone through ways, the questions that will be asked, the names that she will be called and what her family will have to go through with collateral damage. and for me, i had to consider all of that. and my inclination was, i have to move past it. i can beat this, and it's not anything to be send about. i'm not going to leave school, i'll just deal with it. >> did you report it? >> not for 18 months. and it was something where i

felt everything was more out of control. i would be pulled from school. it was a football player at a football school, so what was going to happen to me? and it was something that i wasn't prepared, at newly turned 18 to deal with. >> so you reported it 1 months later to the police, and what was their reaction? >> they took the report but there wasn't an investigation, and i at the time did not expect one because of how long it took, but when the person had a track record or an arrest record that was substantial, then you would think circumstancely, obviously she's to be believed, but there wasn't really an investigation done. and the more that i found out about this individual, the more that i decided that something had to be done, because it wasn't just me. so that's where i filed a title nine lawsuit, and that's why i filed it.

and at that time, i had started to develop the symptoms of being raped that i never thought that i would. and i think that's something that viewers need to understand. you have an onset of symptoms that you can't control soon after that. whether it's eating disorders, nightmares, flashbacks, vigilance, cutting, self-mutilation. and all of those come into play. and i had rage that i couldn't figure out. >> we should mention that title 9 lawsuit, there's a provision that requires the university to make sure that you have a safe environment in the school. >> absolutely. and if they don't react, if they don't investigate, and they allow a person to stay there, that causes a safety risk to other students, then the school is at fault. >> laura, on facebook, robert

says: and we actually have a film, give a listen. >> the psychology of an athlete in regards to how an athlete interacts with others should be broken down and how the athlete is cultivated within the community. surrounded by coaches that put demands on the individual and how the individual is either praised or depressed with these conditions. this has an adverse effect on how the athlete will interact

with males and females outside of that circle. >> bob, i'm going to go with you, because you've been writing for sports in and out of your career. is there a culture with athletes where they feel entitled and behave in a certain way with impunity? >> i think it would be unfair to brand all athletes that way, but however, i will say that this starts long before college or pro. there's an environment where a talented athlete, particularly an athlete that's going to be in a money making sport like football or basketball, is identified very early as being very talented, is coddled very early, and has a lot of people surrounding him and telling him how great he is, and has adults who are making a living presently, or feels they will make one in the future, will view him as an investment. so for that reason, that person becomes an investment. and that's why, in the case, say

in a college campus, there's a lot of pressure not to make any trouble. because this athlete is not merely the star football player. this athlete is the person who is filling hotel rooms on weekends, who is filling the stands on saturdays. and the all sorts of contributions to the school. so there becomes an economic disincentive for schools and communities to do something about this. so an athlete doesn't arrive in college and is all of a sudden feels like that, oh, wow, i've made it, and now i have all of this privilege. if they feel that privilege, they have been getting it since they were in single-digit ages, and unless there's someone along the way to keep them grounded, you can see that. and on the high school level too, there are plenty of cases

where the coaches tend to let them go, because they have a winning football or basketball team and they don't want to upset it, and the team means a lot to the town. so it's something that -- i mean, it's no wonder that an athlete gets the idea that he is somehow privileged. >> bob, talking about these guys as investments, and the ones who are big names and likely to go pro, it's no surprise, some people who tweeted in tonight said look, they're easy targets. let's talk about that, but i also the your opinion on whether there's a culture among some of these very high level athletes where they're held to a different accountability. >> it cuts both ways. where on the one hand, athletes can receive preferential treatment depending on the town and the university. and the prosecutor, and this

varies widely from one town to another, and these are high-profile athletes, and so any accusation against them immediately winds up on the news. and the police and prosecutor are under special pressure to pursue this case, regardless of the facts. and while that can make it difficult, at the same time, we have seen police and prosecutors who fall into a trap where they fall under so much pressure, it works for the athlete's detriment often. and that's kind of the danger of applying a label such as rape. there are 450,000 student athletes in the ncaa. and so once we apply a label like this to an entire group, the danger is that we're flipping the innocence on its head, and that's a very important part of the legal system. >> it's a delicate balance because we don't want to flip

the presumption of innocence it's head, but we want to also bring into the discussion, the women who report these incidences, because there's this gigantic power structure that they're dealing with. >> and i can agree with you on, and we're going to take a take a couple of opposite sides. at the same time, what we're finding out in a lot of these cases, specifically with winston, the victim, the reporting person was treated as the suspect. she had the search warrant. her cellphone was gone through. her computer was gone through. winston didn't have any of that happen to him. and so what happens is, the

victim then has to give so much information and so much evidence to prove beyond th beyond a reae doubt, where as soon as the athlete walks into the courtroom, the reasonable doubt is with the athlete. >> the big question is what's ahead for those trials? we have a former nfl player who is joining us to talk about what's really going on in the locker room after the break.

>> i was told that i should look back on my experience in making this game, and what i would have done differently to avoid this situation. >> welcome back. we're talking athletes and rape culture, derek brown, he's a former college and former nfl player, and he's also katherine's husband. we don't want to paint athletes with a broad brush, but a number of guys seem to be involved in this types of behavior, and it seems to be escalating as these cases come to light and what's going on behind the scenes in it. >> you no, lisa, the biggest thing, we'reern starting early enough with these athletes in high school. we're not having anyone coming in and talking with them and peaking to them. and they know right from wrong, but to at least share with them the dos and don'ts, as far as getting in different crowd, in

other teammates and what not. but just getting into these situations where they allow themselves to have a conversation about what they're going to do in this situation or that situation, or how they're going to entice this woman or that woman into doing whatever it is that they want them to do. i think that -- go ahead. >> i was just going to ask you, you know, you were talking about starting young. is there a mind set developing with these little boys in sports, as long as you're performing well, you're golden? >> we mentioned about these young athletes being really pushed by their parents, and the parents kind of pressure their young kids and athletes to do the best they can, and if they don't do well now, if they're not saved with their performance, it almost puts that

athlete into a greater pressure situation, to the point that they're doing whatever they can, whatever they have to do to please them. or even please the coach of that nature. >> if i can add something to what derek is saying, there are a lot of cases in high school, certainly there's a situation in stubinville that got national attention, a couple of players convicted of raping a girl, and there was a lot of team involvement there, and a lot of high schools where hazing is an issue, and the players are assaulting each other in the name of team initiation, and there are a lot of cases where the coaches have been complicit or have not done anything to try to stop that. and so, when he's talking about all of these discussions aren't happening at lower levels, until there's a crisis, no one is talking to these athletes about what you should or shouldn't do,

and again, if you have an athlete whose family has made a big investment, because people spend tens of thousands or more on travel sports and lessons, and you have coaches whose careers are being made on these athletes, and again, you have a disincentive from the adults to say, look, you can't do these things, and if you do these things, that's if. >> well, bob, our community is really talking about this locker culture here, lisa:

>> and maybe there wasn't a first-time. >> maybe there wasn't a first-time. katherine, has there there be a shift in the locker room culture with teams in sports? >> absolutely. i talk to these athletes, and some of what these people on twitter are saying is absolutely correct. that there's a culture out there, when you listen to kanye talking about how many hot b words i own, and stuff like that, it's this women as a commodity, and get as many women as you can, get that notch in your belt. and when you have something like, when i talk to the athletes and say, what do you think lady's night is about? well, it's about loosening up the women so we can take them home. exactly. and that's setting you up for a rape accusation or a rape this.

because a woman under the influence can't consent. and they're shocked. nobody is talking to them about this. they're not talking about what constitutes sexual assault. but what they are getting are the locker room messages, they're getting the messages from popular culture, from a lot of music, from a lot of television shows. there's nobody there to give them an alternative view, but what they do know is that if they go to coach, or if they go somewhere, usually somebody is there to make sure that everything is covered up. nobody has discussed right now, even with winston, how and he get his attorney paid for? who paid for that? and there are a lot of things, and i'm not going to broad brush, there are some wonderful guys out there, absolutely. >> thank you. >> but they're not getting that message. they're not getting -- and imagine what would happen if we

equipped athletes on campus, football players especially, to know what sexual assault is, to know what constitutes it, and to go out there and be the ones talking about it. make that their issue? make that their soapbox. do you know how quickly we could turn this issue around if we used their positive impact on this type of initiative? >> that's something that i want to talk about. is it going to take institutional change and if going to take influence of groups like the ncaa to turn this around

>> welcome back, we're talking about athletes and rape culture, and we asked the community to weigh in on who is responsible for this problem. >> the opinions go across the board. donna on twitter:

>> sum it up, they say everyone. >> everyone has a responsibility. brian, what difference would it make if the ncaa did take a strong stance violence? >> the ncaa's focus is almost entirely on academics and amateurism. whether an athlete has the grades more than anything else. and they could step in and take more of a leadership role in this. right now, each university sets it's own standards here. some wait until an athlete is formally charged with a crime for suspension, and others are

more aggressive, so there's a little bit of a void there. in professionals, we have seen more. in 2007, allowing, and ben roethlisberger was suspended under that a few years. so in terms of who can step in and do something about allegations, or formal charges. >> hey, derek, there's a big difference in provisions and enforcement of those provisions. in your perspective, is enough being done in the professional leagues to put an end to rape? >> lisa, i'll say that enough is not being done. we're not doing enough at this point. and i think there's a lot more to be done, and at the same time, we need to continue to enforce these rules, and that they are followed. and we have to actually -- let's look at this. we were talking a little bit earlier about some of the things that we're facing, and society

is the biggest issue. we look at grand theft auto, the game, do you know how emotionally kids are getting into these games? when you look at that, and school shootings and things, it's all a negative influence, and when we look at just the -- what's not going on in high schools and colleges and moving onto the nfl. we're not doing enough to take care of the hounding situations, because we're more concerned about the reputation of the school or the college or the league itself more so than actually doing what is right. >> well, derek, aaron echoes that sentiment: and katherine, how should the

universities move forward? >> first of all, the universities need to take back their power from athletic deposits. deposits -- departments. the athletic departments wield the power. and the board of regency does not. >> is that part of the problem here, that we're in fact, we're asking the university administrators to play a role that they're not qualified to play. a university president is not qualified to take the place of the police and prosecutors in investigating something as serious as an assault allegation. >> you're right. but under federal law, under title nine, schools must investigate, and so therefore, it has been put back into the academic side. you have the coaches, and let's take joe paterno.

>> we have 3 seconds left. the first thing that needs to happen, of course, the ncaa needs it get involved. and they're not going to get involved. they're concerned with making money. even at the expense of the athlete. i want each of them to know what is sexual assault, how they should handle it, how they should be in the locker room, and really, bring it to them as, if this was your sister, if this was your girlfriend, would you to rate it? and i know what the answer is. >> i want to thank all of our guests. until net, raj and i will see you online.

a is. >> inside syria details of the devastating week in aleppo, and robot rest a