welcome to the news hour. the top stories on al jazeera. on trial for again side, rwanda's former intelligent chief is finally brought to justice in a landmark case. starve can police use rub bet bullets to disperse striking miners. sol dare tear across borders journalists send a message to the egyptian government. you silence one you silence us all.

britain acknowledges it's roam in a massacre. >> you have heard of the jamaican bobsled team, now meet these guys with their own olympic dream. one of the most important criminal trials in years is underway. former ruin dan intelligence chief is in court, charged with crimes against humanity. 800,000 people were killed in a again side in france itself has been accused of accomplicety, over support for the regime. let's get the very latest from aljazeera who joins us from paris. you are outside the courthouse, tell us about what has been happening today? >> well, the first day of this trial is drawing 20 an end here, after around nine hours of court

proceedings. appearing in his wheelchair this morning. they argued that the case should be dropped but that was rejected and for many people this trial has been a long time coming. before many this has been a long time coming. where once the cameras had stop rolling suspect pass call sat behind a glass screen. some had given up hope that those suspected of involvement in the again side would ever come to trial in france. but not to her who lost part of her family. >> we have been waiting for justice for so long, and we are hoping that here it will start doing its work. >> it's almost 20 years since rwanda descended

into chaos, 800,000 people killed in just 100 days. rwanda's again side was sparked after it's president was killed when his plane was shot down. what followed was unmanageable. >> ethnic tensions has persisted for years. pascal was a former army captain with ties to the hoo too leadership. he has been accused of accomplicety and again side, and accomplicety in crimes against humanity. semba has denied all the charges against him. >> we will do what we have done from the start, plead for a not guilty verdict. >> pascal has been in terrific custody for more than four years after being discovered on an overseas territory. in the courtroom, he identified himself as pascal satisfy farry, a combination of his real

name and an alias he uses according to court documents. >> many here hope this case could set a precedent for others in france. rwanda has fried to extradite suspects in the past, but none have so far been returned. since the events of 1994, rwanda and france's relationship has been troubled. before the war, france was one of the country's main backers. paris was accused by the rwandas of providing the who to dominating government military training. france has always strenuously denied any kristie in the again side. accomplicety. >> it could now some light on how one of the worst atrocities was ever allowed to happen. >> so emma, a trial that has been a long time coming is nearly 20 years since the again side, what are the victims of people who have survived this again side and who are in france right now? what are they hoping this trial will accomplish, and what will it in anyway bring them

closure? >> her is her husband have campaigned for a long time to bring this trial to court, basically, and to try to try the other suspects in france, and bring them to justice. but france still has to extradite any of the suspects. you remember in 2011, that rwandas tries to extradite the widow of the former rwanda president, but that didn't get very far, she is still living in this country. so you dr. see the difficult relationship between france and rwanda plays a big here, and it will be interesting to see what happens in the coming weeks and what kind of light that this trial nows on the whole question of the rwanda again side, and how it could have been allowed to happen.

it was after all only 20 years ago, but it has taken two decades

children were killeding after a mossing and a residential area were attacked. the mosque was being used as a school. a group managed photon a number of houses into temporary teaching facilities. they salvaged whatever they could find and reuse it. >> because of the random government bombardment on a number of schools, parents starting to fear sending their kids to schools, that's why we found these homes

instead. >> everyone here is a volunteer. mrs. a constant stream of children who want to learn. packet 150 students attend classes in this houghs, divided into three shifts. but there are many difficulties. there's a lot of hardships, we are suffering. there's no station may at all. >> mrs. a temporary solution that provides some education to these children. but as this war drags on, the future of these kids and that of syria is uncertain. it's now been 38 days since egyptian authorities detained three al jazeera english journalists. mo hamed abdul was there. >> this process of calling for the release

of al jazeera in the egyptian capitol of cairo. it's been organized by the foreign con respondent. which is a member of most of these people have -- the protestors have also brought with them a bundle of books and a letter showing their solidarity with his colleagues in prison, in cairo, which they want the embassy to deliver to him however embassy officials have so declined to deliver these packages. theysy the protestors should look for other ways of taking the books and letter to them. >> they also are campaigning that continuing also should mainly on facebook and twitter, where journalists are sending in their pictures with their mouth gags with the

egyptian flag. the message is if you have one of us you have all of us. >> the interim government has now summoned in cairo, they are demanding that he extradite wanted persons who they say are in doha. >> the representative was summoned again to the foreign ministry to convey a message of protest, and to reaffirm the need to carry out the request, and to stress the importance of responding to the prosecutor general. and is international request to deliver the wanted persons. and to intervene to stop using frenchmans on egypt. news to europe now. >> thank you. here in london the british government has acknowledged advising new delhi before security forces launched a deadly 10 raid. the massacre happened in june 1984, when indian government stormed the golden temple. they wanted to remove sikh separatist that were

occupying it. the death toll is still disputed and the government says about 500 people were killed well below sikh estimates that put the number of deaths in the thousands. that year, the u.k. government began investigating newly released documents can suggested that a british officer helped come one the operation. the officered advise has a very limited impact. >> it therefore concludes that the nature of the assistance was purely advisory, limited and provided to the indian government an early stage in their planning. >> who works with the u.k. based city sikhs network, he said it is a good start, but questions still remain. >> certainly as william has said today, the impact which was felt by the involvements of the british official was limited. we still don't know what

that was, and what impact that had. it should have been slightly wider to include other aspects of what exactly happened in the run up to february 1984, which is when this official went. and also more about the diplomatic relations at the time. >> the u.k.'s biggest ever inquiry into child sex abuse has begun, when people say they suffered tor sure at the hands of catholic brieses and nones. inquiries on care homes in northern ire land, where the thad some of the abuse was carried under under the cover of conflict. and a warning you may find some details in this story disturbing. >> it is long closed now, but for years and years this place was home to little girls whose parents couldn't cope, and who were advise bedty catholic church, that it was the best place for them.

. and then there were the toilet duties. >> after there was a toilet block, rather than bring in a plumber and pay a plumber i was called out of my classroom, and i had to go in and she made me lean down beside the toilet, and i had to put my hand way up the wipe, and collect all the excrement, and carry it and not drop it into the next toilet. >> and then there were the priests. >> the priests used to take me around the back, and tell me that god was unuh happy with me, and i don't have to stay with myn't pas because he is very happy with me, and then he used to make me do things. you know. sometimes he'd make me kneel between his legs. >> london dare, south of the border is the catholic republic of

ireland, which has already had to come to termed with organized abuse. >> the difference here, is that it is the united kingdom which is not a catholic country, and this is a small town, so how come for so many years the protestants the leadership didn't know what was going on in places like that little houghs on a hill over there. >> that house on the hill was called termen backer and hundreds of boys passed through it. john was abused there. and finds it inconceivable that they didn't know. >> i think they had to know about it. either that or they completely failed in their own duty of care, and going have havings inspections of the institutions. >> the long running conflict, allowed abuse to go on hidden from view, and that if the church was looking after children, then they wouldn't be out on the streets, that would be fine for the politicians here as well as being the perfect cover for abuse. >> there was a vast

conspiracy going on here, that was the most powerful elements, in northern ireland society. nobody is free from equipment, and it was not a small number of rotten apples. and preverse colleger joy, and nuns doing these things, the preversety was rooted in the political and social realities of northern ireland. >> this inquiry is only happening at all because people like john and katie have been prepared to confront their pasts and tell the world. the idea, that catholic abuse could have been organized under the cover of sectarian politics duck a tim during a time of war is taj zych shameful. >> kathryn ashton is back in ukraine, trying to bring an entered to the political crisis, she says she plans to speak to the government and opposition during her second visit. relations between those two sides were as fiery as ever.

as parliament debated whether to cut the president's powers,'ve barker was there. >> . >> ukrainian mp stand for the national anthem. a brief show of unity, and a divided nation. want minutes the session had descended into characteristic chaos. killers, chant opposition politicians. forcing the entire interim cabinet to leave the chamber. >> the three main parties want to change. >> we need to reform the constitution. if it is legally changed but we still have a chance to turn it back, this is the only way to drag our country out of the political crisis. >> to save our country

and independence we need more than just cosmetic changes we need to return to the constitution. the leadership say they are ready for more dialog. they are not prepared to say when. >> we are just outside the far limit, supporters are out here in force, although the opposition says that these supporters have been busting from the region to make the support look bigger than it is. the worry is even if free and fair elections were held, that yanukovych would still have supporters as high as 20%, meaning the opposition may have to change tab ticks if they really want to change the country. with or without new elections protestors here, are demanding president yanukovych steps down. >> demonstrators and police are standing they ground, as the battle for ukraine's future moves from the streets to the

parliament. al jazeera, kiev. >> more news from europe later, let's go back to doha. >> . >> bill gates has stepped down as chairman of microsoft. he was largely a figure head. he stepped down from his day-to-day duties six years ago. but there's speculation he could become more involved in the company he founded. he will assume a new role aztecnology advisor. and that's not the only story in the news, we are saying happy 10th birthday to facebook. a significant milestone, but many users are logging off in favor of other networks. rob reynolds asked if the site is losing it's clout. conceived in a college dorm troop a decade ago, facebook has become a boeheimth, but a growing number of teenagers have lost interest.

d.j. saul has stubbeddied facebook's changing demographics. >> what we found, there are 3 million fewer teenagers and we define that at 13 to 17-year-olds with 18 to 24 being the next demographic up. mrs. a decline in both, and specifically a 25% decline among teenagers in advertising. >> to find out what happened we went right to the source, a bunch of cool kids hanging out after school. >> this whole way where everybody can get ahold of you, no matter what, and like they just know everything about your life, like i don't know. i don't like it, i like so have my own life, and have the ability to choose who comments on it or not. you know. i feel like with facebook you lose that. >> snap chat, pinterest, and of course twitter are the social media of choice. with this generation. >> what are you doing on facebook, and now they

are call in it, so they can see everything you are doing. so you are out drinking here, oh, thanks mum, yeah. >> in fact the biggest increase in facebook users during recent years has been among people aged 55 and older. now that's like totally uncool. >> i think of a huge part of that just had to be attributed to the rise of parents and grandparents and aunts and uncle whose reason othe platform, and commenting on photos that teens and young people are posting, and enganging in the way that is advertisers want to see people enganging in facebook, but that's not what teens are looking for. >> what teens are looking for is a parent free zone, online. >> old people want to know what they are going, they want to check what you are doing. and many teens who still use facebook are careful to keep the grown ups out of the loop. >> i'm not friends with my dad on facebook,

although he does have an account. >> mom and dad now have facebook accounts but as always, they haven't got a clue. rob reynolds al jazeera, los angeles. >> thousands of vehicles in the united states in the state of michigan more precisely, are now talking to each other. u.s. transformation officials are calling it moon shot. >> perhaps 70 to 80% of the collisions and accidents that are happening around the country, that is a huge advance in safety, it is one that i don't think can be overstated. it is a moon shot where we are half way there. >> a study will take talking cars. >> to date, transportation safety has been focused largely on helping drivers survive

accidents. but a new nationwide program aimed to prevent accidents by equipping cars with imagined story precrash warning technology by 2017. >> the potential of this is absolutely enormous. >> under the study, 3,000 drivers in ann arbor michigan has wireless devices installed. between the while house and the most powerful lobby in the united states. plus, why we are facing a title wave of cancer with people in the developing word, most likely to die from the disease. and find out how jamaica's recent dopping scandals have been effecting young athletes. the details in sports do

stay with us. >> al jazeera america presents... remarkable documentaries in a constitutional court. the opposition democrat party is

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>> a rem main stories.ur a groundbreaking trial. has started in france. former army captain is in court, charged with accomplicety in the atrocity and crimes against humanity. police in south africa have used rubber bullets and stun grenades to disburse striking miners. and the stoppage is costing the country around 36 million-dollar as day. and the british government has released results of an inquiry into weather british soldiers were involved in the massacre. foreign minister says margaret thatcher's government advice indian leaders on the raid, but says the advice has a limited impact. now, let's focus on our top story now, and the rwanda again side happened in just over 100

days between april and june in 1994. most of the 800,000 ruin danes who were killed were tootsies murdered by the majority hoot toos. and is is author of the book and the accidental again side." again side. genocide. >> so a significant trial, because france has long been aused of supporting the again side call regime in rwanda, does this in your opinion mark a shift in any way in france's position about what hatched 20 years ago? >> well, more importantly, it reflects a new understanding of

what happened in rwanda. because the 90 days that we called the ruin dan genocide is actually the last 90 days of a four year war. concern the charges of long term planning and conspiracy, that are charges that were made by so died that won the war, as we know the winners of the war have always told the story of what happened in the war, and that's what has happened in rwanda as well. once the u.n. documents and u.s. government documents as well were put before the tribunal, the tribunal held that there was no long term plank to commit again side on the part of the government. >> sorry to interrupt you, to give you a bit

more background, it is called the accidental genocide. why? in what we what happened in rwanda accidental? >> well, what p had was that after the assassination of president hack barry, and we now know according to the chief u.n. prosecutor the country exploded into great violence. which mirrors the violence that happened 90 days before. that's when the violence took place. but it wasn't because of a long term plan by the government. and that's what the u.n. tribunal found. each of the trial chambers at the u.n. tribunal found that there was no long term conspiracy and no long term plank. that's the accusation of the side that won the war. but they weren't able to sustain it with evidence. >> right. >> so my book tries to make the point, that what

we have heard about how the violence happened has been described by the victors but it's not supported be i the evidence. >> what about the role of france? >> so the government -- >> essentially has -- >> sorry to interrupt you. >> that's the point. >> right. >> and -- >> that's the point. if the government was not a again side call regime, then the support of fran was not criminal at all. now is evidence is that france was not culpable, and the french i think are now confident that since this evidence is clear, they don't have to be defensive about their role. where has this genocide left rwanda? is it still very much haunted or have they moved on. >> well, it's haunted in some very disturbing

ways. it's not possible in rwanda to mourn the who to dead. and your lead in suggested it was main lituatesies that were killed. in fact, the evidence is quite as many who toes were killed. the story that what happened doesn't stand up to factual analysis. there's another story based on archal u.s. government documents, and population figures reported by the rwanda government itself. that tell as completely different story.

were tried in japanese courts they would be the war criminals. now the received comings out that the winners of the rwanda war are culpable also, and the assassination of the president which triggered off the mass violence actually was the work of his troops and his chief of staff has confessed to that which we now know. thank you very much for speaking to us, peter, author of the book the accidental genocide. let's get more news from europe now. >> orallers of the sochi winter olympics have given a small taste of the opening ceremony. within the past hour, fireworks were set off.

sport is got the only thing on show, far from it. russian jut has the stage pretty much to itself. so, policeman are on the streets and military boats patrol the black seacoast line. it's a deliberate show of force, and this is why. >> the threats from armed separatist groups based in the troubled north added to already jittery global sentiments about the gains and fueled claims that russia wouldn't be able to protect them. >> most probably a tax on olympic athletes or guests would be impossible. i think the terrorists would prefer to carry out an attack on less protected places. these places are

unfortunately based in the south of russia. >> two suicide attacks transport system last december suggests this is indeed achievable. then there are threats of a different nature, on tuesday the austrian committee said it receive add letter saying two of their athletes would be kid p thats in sochi. >> similar letters last month turned out to be a hoax. >> it are make them very hard to attack, all know nothing can be 100% safe. >> and of course, until all the competitors are back home safe and sound, and sochi has returned to normality, russia won't be able to boast that it's put on a troubled free games.

so much western scare among gehring. but that is a very big f. al jazeera, sochi. turkish prime minister has confronted this leader about the hopes of joining the union. during a visit he urged ainge la to throw her full support behind the membership. a chance still has reservations. >> looking for friends. the question is did he find one in germany's chancellor. >> i am still septemberble about full membership about the e.u. of turkey. that wasn't what the prime minister wanted to hear. quite the opposite, in fact. >> we want germany to do more than it has so far. it's not sufficient. and amido all this talk of europe, there was one subject not being discussed publicly.

protestors outside gave an indication of what that is. >> the problems back home, he is accused of being too author tin, following a heavy reaction against antigovernment protestors and there's been a corruption scandal, there have been resignations. all this as he gets ready for elections which could see him become president and gain new powers. eligible to vote in next week's elections. this isn't just about turkey joining the e.u., this is about getting people outside. although some he may have a job. that is the some here have their way. outraged at angle americaing is even entertaining him. >> i don't know what she

sees in him. it must be money or the economy, i don't understand why she views him as a democrat. >> it's 15 years since turkey was first promised this in 1999. only one has been closed and you can see how far away he is from membership. >> charm or not the one true goal could be many years away. >> afghan highn't grays say the coast guard caused the boat to sink in the sea, when it was being towed back to turkey. they left afghanistan to

save their lives but lost their families. their wifes and eight of their children drowned trying to cross over from turkey to greece. in their view, that's because the cost guard uh tows them to turkey after it intercepted them close to the greek island. they tied the boat and set out for turkey. i know it was turkey because the lights on the coast were orange. >> they managed to swim to the boat, leaving men and women in the water. >> they could have saved them, but we weren't allowed to and they drive. the coast guard needed help, and didn't allow us to help. we could see them in the water and they were waving their arms. >> these allegations for proven would cause international law.

hof, during the towing operation, all of a sudden, and for unknown reasons, the people onboard moved to the right side of the boat, all together. that caused the capsizing of the boat. >> the coast guard says it cut the towline to save it's own vessel and patrolled for survive veries rescuing 16. >> the coast guard vessel was equipped with gps, so it's exact movements can be tracked by a satellite. unfortunately, it was switched off that night. to provide what the coast guard called a level of confidentialdy. so the case still largely comes down to the word of the coast guard verses the word of the afghans.

they have frequently rescues those, but it has never before lost a vessel to the sea. it now face as court marshal and an independent inquiry. these men were fleeing death threats from the taliban, because they, whod for u.s. led forces or because their wifes were educated. one in five men, and one in six women will develop cancer before they reach the age of 75. that's the warning from a group of 250 scientists in a report from the world health organization. andrea is an associate at the report, of the world cancer report.

so it is an important tool to curb the open deckic of cancer. some cancers are clearly linked to infectious chronic infection, so we know that hepatitis b virus, infection leads to live cancer and can be easily prevented by imization. the same applies to human pop loma virus, where we now have increasing worldwide activities to

start immunization process. the government center in troops to two provinces where snow fall had trapped thousands. supplies were also cut off to the region. still ahead, homeless, broke, but determined to study. and in sports, his retirement, the rewards still keep coming. stay with us.

cut student financial aid and raise tuition fees to $50 a year. but the students are outraged. for many it is unaffordable. dozens have been injured. most public universities have to shut down as a result. these reforms are at a time when the world bank are recommending reduces strait spending. students accuse politicians of cutting the education budget, instead of reducing their own expenses. >> 99% of the students are children of farmers. we are the first generation of working class. we can't afford to pay more for it, the funds need to come from elsewhere. >> the government and

students have been in talks for nearly a month, meanwhile, lectures are canceled. students have already lost a full term. >> there's a growing sense of imparis and frustration among student whose fear that if these negotiations drag on, they will lose a full academic year. this has left him wonder willing he will be able to complete his degree. but a right for the many. here is rah howl. >> thank you very much. it is going to start with cricket, and in the last few minutes it's been announced that kevin petersen has been dropped from the squad for the limited stalk of the caribbean, and the world t 20, the decision will raise questions over the batsmans international career, as the england team seeks to rebuild following the disastrous tour.

on tuesday, the little master was giving india's highest honor. by the country's president, he retired from international cricket back in december after a 24 year career for india in, which he scored more than 30,000 runs in test and limited. >> it's the biggest honor for me, and i am extremely delighted. i'd like to reiterate what i said, that -- this recognition, this award, i'd like to dead kade this to my mother, along with her all the the mothers in india who sacrifice the aspirations, or for the children, so that they are the children's dream can come true. >> 160 -- the fission

inning score, against been he dash after crashing innings win in the first test, the visitors continue to dominate the goal. the tourist closing on 314 for 5. having a big impact on grass roots athletics in the country. >> only 17 years old, and already a national champion. with dreams of one day becoming the fastest man in the world. >> my grandfather used to run, and my mother also, i mean it is in the blood. >> running is a national obsession in jamaica. but the fall out has left aspiring athletes feeling he is falling under

suspicion. it has been painful for jamaicans to watch farm heros appear in front of cameras too explain why he tested positive for banned substances. >> but most elite athletes have supported their fellow colleagues. there's no question that the reputation of jamaica elite athletes has been damaged. while some are angry over the doping scandal, many believe that jamaica has been unfairly targeted.

we are not the only country that is faced with this. and so i think it just comes with the territory. >> but the country's forminger head drug testser very concerned the anti-doping authorities still haven't learned their lesson. we are in fact are who we say we are. we are the best, let's prove it. back on the track, michael isn't slowing down.

>> the sochi games will see an increase number of anti-doping tests with 2,453, expected to be carried out. that's around 300 more in vancouver three years ago. from next year on wards we can keep it for ten years and during that time, analyze them at any time, if we have intelligence that may have been cheating. >> .

>> in a sport by. pass across scanned may yeah and russia. this is ice hockey put on a rink, with a bam instead of a puck. lit be demonstrated at the sochi winter games and could become an olympic game in time for 2018. >> for bragging rights in the northern swedish province. panelings and players but this type of ice hockey could have wide importance on the question of immigration, here in sweden they are using it as a blueprint to see how sport can help refugees really become part of society. >> introducing the national team of somalia. the sport was formed in june, from refugees a town in the forest a

couple of hours north. >> just seven months late er7 they were competing in the world champions in siberia. which could lead to somalia going to the winter olympics for the first time. be tough main thing is to reduce tensions from the arrival of 3,000 somalis in this town of 50,000 people. >> we have an opportunity of just sharing what sharing with the swedish people what they have and what they are proud of.

how immigrants with both adapt and enrich life in their new homes. we are back in a group too tight on tuesday. they lost go-1, but face in another match on wednesday. this sport isn't new to iraq, having been established since the 1950's but in the last decade, it's witnessed mo hamed have led the way to

success in regional tournaments. here is a story that put as whole new spin on the term bringing the house down. think that's the job i want to do. blown up to make way for a new $1 billion home for the nfl team. the metro dome was home to the vikings since 1982. check out all al jazeera.com, details on how to geoff in touch with our team, using twitter and facebook. /sports. >> what's the address again. >> i forgot. thank you very much, that's it for this news hour, and a whole team here. do stay with us here in al jazeera.

uh la makers want to know why that chemical swill in west virginia happened. science verses creation, set to take place in kentucky. >>