signed in january. state department saijanuary. those are your headlines. consider this is next. >> inside the mind of a child with autism what is it really like to have the disorder? also, why are some ethnic groups more successful than others? the tiger mom will talk about her controversial new book. plus collateral damage in the millions. refugees on every don't inspect left homeless because of civil strife. and are robots after your job? this is "consider this."

>> philip seymour hoffman was found dead in his apartment. >> the growing epidemic of heroin use. >> you're a mom. you're supposed to set an example. >> women in politics do get things done. >> our represen representation s terrible. the reason for that is this cold void gene that dominates the party who decides who gets to run. >> the robot on the job. >> the fear of losing jobs to technology has been around for a long time. we'll all come to rely on robots over the next 40 years. >> a new study may provide vital clues as to what is happening in the minds of children who suffer from autism. as plane as a million americans are believed to have some form of the condition.

children who have autism can take more than twice as long to make connections. we'll show how that might affect the mind of a child with autism, and the results are disorienting. >> reporter: imagine you're in the mind of a child with autism. >> come on, honey, we're leaving. this way, where are you going. no, sweetie. >> sights and sounds aren't matching up. lips are moving but the voice is delayed. confusion ensues. now you're scared and embarras embarrassed. a bus approaches. but you only hear it once it's passed. you don't know any better. to you this is normal. something as routine as riding

in a car can be confusing. >> what's going on? tell me what you did today? what did you do at recess? huh? are you okay? are you okay? [ bell ringing ] >> even play dates, what most kids look forward to, can be too much. >> my dad is getting ice cream for me. yay! do you want to come and play with us? maybe you can get some ice cream, too. >> this is the not so ordinary afternoon of a child with

autism. >> that was from janet svoni. i'm joined by dr. mark wallace, professor of hearing and speech sciences, who led the study, mark, good to have you with us. >> pleasure to be here. >> deeply disorienting to watch that. do you think that is an accurate representation of what might be going on in their minds? >> i think it is. i think we really believe that these children live in an extraordinary confusing sensory world. the video and audio captures that very well. >> why did you decide to focus on this? has there not been enough study of how children with autism are struggling with linking sight and sound? >> yeah, i think exactly--there's been a tremendous amount of focus on children having problems in language and communication, in social interactions and restrictive, repetitive behaviors, but our perspective

there is probably an interesting sensory piece behind this as well, that was the real motivation for the study to, explore that in a bit more detail. >> how did you set it up that you could determine in is what is going on? >> what we did was create a series in essence of what i consider to be video games, which these children played. in the context of the video game it was a way for us to derive data that let us know how well these children were binding sights and scouts of the stimuli we were presenting. >> and you have kids the same age and what you believe are similar i.q.s. how can you determine that? don't kids with autism struggle with i.q. testing and standardized testing? >> excellent question. what we worked with in this study is what we consider high functioning children with autism. it's what we consider to be a developed child.

>> the sensory lag can have all sorts of consequences from learning, speech, to even safety when we look at the video of the bus going by and not hearing the bus, that is actually very frightening, i think. >> i completely agree. i think the consequences are you know when i talked earlier about these domains, these three domains, language and interaction, children bind together sights, sound and even touch. the process of binding this together is impacted then we believe it's going to have these affects on processes like social interactions and language and communication. >> you described it at one point if i have a cup and say this is a cup, trying to teach the child a word, they may not be hearing cup when i'm pointing at the cup. >> there is a desynchronized

interval of time. if that interval is expanded then there is confusion in terms of what sights, what sounds and what elements of the worlds belong together. >> it's not necessarily the sight and sound senses but it could also be touch. a child could be touching something and not reacting to that, that brings up issues of safety. if a child is touching something that is hot. >> i completely agree. i think that's a great illustration. we haven't focused on safety, but i think you're right. there is enormous implications that relate to that as well. >> could this apply to children across the full range of the autism spectrum. >> we believe probably children who are severely impacted are going to have greater deficits in the types of things we're measuring. that was part of the reason to

start with. with high functioning children, we adopt our tasks to games to it can be played by children who are lower and lower functioning. >> did the children understand what you were doing, and did they do anything that would help them? >> i think it did. these are wonderful children, first of all, and obviously they're very bright and extraordinarily interested in cooperating with us. partly to learn more about themselves but with this sense that they want to help children with autism. >> what about treatment, is there anything you can do to help kids out? >> well, it's early right now, but our hope is that we can--we have a pilot study right now where we're training children on these same video games where rather than playing the game they're getting feedback or reward based on their performance of the game. the hope there is by using this game to train their sensory systems. we can narrow this window that we've discovered to be larger in children with autism, and our

hope is that will have cascading affects on language and social interaction. >> as an uncle of two children who have autism, i can only wish you the best. we wish you and them all the past, dr. mark wallace, thank you. >> thank you very much, i appreciate the opportunity. >> why is material success so difficult for some groups. the answer in what is described as the triple package, and describes the traits of why groups rise and fall in america, and it looks at mormons jews, and immigrants. the triple package includes an inferiority passage, and

insecurity, a feeling that what you have done is not enough. and impulse control the ability to resist temptation, especially the temptation to quit in the face of hardship. i'm joined by professor of law at yale law school also offer r of the book "the battle hymn of the tiger mother," and describes the rise and and fall ever cultural groups in america. >> thanks for having me. >> you wrote that at one point america had triple package but has lost it. after 200 years america lost it's triple package damaging our economy, our health, our relationship with future generations. how did we get the triple package and how did we lose it? >> in many ways these are traditional values. from its found america had a sense of this.

for most of our history america had the insecurity of being an underdog. our founders had such a chip on their shoulders and they wanted to show that our system was better, our democracy was better than monarchy. and look at ben franklin's proverbs, perseverance, thrift, hard work. >> how did they change? >> i done mean that they changed. they dropped out. america is the same country. but i think it's our success in the 80's and 90's we stopped becoming an underdog partly because of we don' see prosperi. but also the fall of the soviet union meant we were suddenly left with no rival, and this self-esteem psych locally accept your strife in some of the way of needing to prove yourself at the individual level and

national level may be down played a little bit. >> you wrote that the reality, uncomfortable as it may be, some religious and ethnic groups are starkly more successful than others. were you concerned that you would accused of being racist as in fact, you have been. >> it never occurred to me because it's amazing that you can't just state the statistics. lebanese and iranian americans have this median any no income. it's in the census. if you can't state a statistic. aaron-americans s.a.t. points are above the average, very stark. if you can't state without stereotyping, then how are we going to address some of these problems. what's interesting, it doesn't mean that these groups are better. this book is about the rise and fall of groups. after groups enjoy a period of

success, after one or two generations they always go back to the national median. it's always a product of being insecure. the immigrant who drives the motivation. >> what about the seeming conflict about the superiority that you talk about, and this inneinadequacy. >> that's the crux of the book. this ideal of exceptionalism, and you're not respected enough. i know you're of a cuban-american background. cubans, they have property taken. they often come to this country with $5, come as tomato pickers, maids. >> i know people who have worked every kind of menial jobs. >> and they want to prove themselves. there were signs that said no dogs or cubans allowed.

and they'll think you're going to respect me one day and i'll work twice as hard as anybody else to again that respect. >> you also mention cuban americans, lebanese americans, iranians, nigerians, and in all those cases it is what you're talking about. most of the immigrants, people who came from those places were people who were of the upper middle class and educated classes, and so didn't they come with an advantage, and isn't that why they're doing better? >> well, you know, it's interesting. they may have come with some stature, but not all of them were wealthy. this is very important. as you know, oftentimes a degree in other country is worth nothing here. cuban american doctors, when they came here they still had to be-- >> sure. >> the whole issue, what do they teach their children? of course advantage is part of the equation, but for me it's let's look at the groups that

are able some how in a tough economy or tough situation to still rise, and why can't we learn from that? i want to stress, though, there is all this emphasis do you think these groups are better? absolutely not. these are qualities that anyone can learn. i've had someone e-mail from african-american, not immigrants. they said these three qualities, my mother instilled these three qualities in me. a deep sense of pride. not of the group but our family. look at what we've overcome, we've overcome slavery. and with we were brought to this country that put us down and we've triumphed. this idea that we need to prove ourselves and work 30 times as hard because we're black. these are traits that can be embraced by anyone of any background. >> how do we bring this to our

kids. this whole self-esteem thing, everybody is special whether you worked hard or not. >> there are two aspects that are in decline. the culmination of the first two qualities, exceptionality and insecurity, this need to prove ourselves. this cultural self acceptance which is you're fine as you are. you should deserve a trophy just for being you. that's not the way to rise. the way to rise is to feel i need to do better. i am better. the third part, impulse control, all of these groups that are succeeding and individuals of any groups that are succeeding, they tend to be people that some how are more disciplined, they can resist temptation peter and instill in their children the ability to focus. i feel like instead of saying, look, are you saying that they are better? no, we should try to learn, what are these people doing that is different, and maybe we can do better. >> you say also a simple decent

existence may be the mad memorable lifadmirablelife of ay available to people afflicted with the triple package. despite all your success you may not be able to succeed in the basic of ways and you referred to being afflicted in the triple package. >> this is why it's painful to see our book so misinterpreted. they thinks groups are better and all she looks at is material success. i think to look at what are the components of success. to be driven means something is missing and something is pushing you. it done feel good to feel like i need to do more and i am not good enough yet, yet that's what drives many people. it does not sugarcoat that success is not happiness, and material success is not a

well-lived life. there is so many more important things than just a high income. that's the picture of the book. >> it's all very thought provoking. the again the book is "the triple package." we'll be right back.

>> the tragic death of philip seymour hoffman comes as heroin

makes a comeback across the united states. where the number of users has doubled since 2007. but as al jazeera reports today's epidemic looks very different than the one that affected the community in the 70's and 80's. >> you imagine heroin addicts to look like this, but the death of philip seymour hoffman shows that does not hold true. this is the face of heroin. >> you could pick up that phone and say i need your help. i was there. >> a middle class young mom of four from long island. >> it was the wonder mom drug, you know, it just gave you, like,--you didn't have pain. you were edition a lot more. >> it started ten years ago when a doctor bribed angela with vicodin for her back pain. her addiction for painkillers escalated there. >> i started noticing that i was going through my prescription

very quickly. i started doctor shopping and getting a prescription for 120 pills. >> angela could no longer get prescriptions. a friend suggested a cheaper option, heroin. and she went for it. >> for me to go from rocky cotton to heroin was huge this in my head this is a hardcore drug. >> angela hit rock bottom while watching her toddler one afternoon. >> i was in the bathroom, and my two-year-old, i didn't think he could open the door. i was sitting there sniffing my line. he walks in and i cupped it like that. thinking i was safe, i was good. it wasn't long until i shooed him out and there was a play table and he was drewing and you

took the pencil and put it in his nose. i thought, that's it. i'm done. >> now 132 days clean angela is on a mission to warn others. >> you can think that you can handle it. this drug is nothing to mess it. >> al jazeera. >> for mother we're joined by jeff dini, a recovering addict and now social worker and freelance writer. he is writing a book on the surge of heroin in the u.s. he joins us from the los angeles studio. jeff, i'll start with you. you just celebrated ten years clean. you were a heroin user and you're saying it's a particularly bad time to be an injecting heroin user. what was your experience and why is it such a bad time now. >> i think it's a bad time right now because all the stuff that has ever bad about being an

injection drug user is still out there, h.i.v. hepatitis c, overdose, death potential, but there's new things in terms of the tainted drug supply and the black market more frequent bouts of phet nyl laced, and new ways for addicts to get sick. drug resistence, bacterial infections, skin infections, very easy to acquire in the community when you're sticking yourself with a needle a couple of times a day in unsane tear uy conditions. >> the dey said that in new york city one oxycodone pill on the

street cost $30, but buyers can get six glassin es of heroin for the same price. sam, you looked at all this, and beyond the price, there is some export heroin marketing. >> heroin is really a commodity. the way you sell heroin, there is no difference largely between types of heroin except for the way it's cut. so the marketers--heroin traffickers have to become expert markets. in philadelphia, d.c. places like that, you get the samples. it was reported that philip seymour hoffman had a glassine stamped with the ace of spades. you don't see that, many don't

control their own heroin supply. the folks i'm writing about who traffic in 22 states this, one group that i'm talking about, they have developing their own marketing technique, and that is to provide convenience. they deliver like pizza. it's the dominoe's pizza of heroin. you call a number and they deliver it to you. they don't put marks in on it. they sell it in little balloons. but traffickers have to pay a lot of attention to marketing because what they're selling is not like marijuana in mendicino county. where you have different types like napa valley wine where you have good quality and bad quality. it's promoted and marketed on a different scale. which means you have very aggressive traffickers. they're not content to sit back and let you come to them. they will come to you, at least

the guys i'm covering do that a lot. >> jeff, what is the psychology here? as you were saying there are so many dangers from heroin as opposed to oxycodone, vicodin and other painkillers. i understand the attraction of cheaper price. but with those pills you know what you're getting, but here you have no idea what might happen to you. >> well, no, no you don't. not only that, but actually nothing moves a patch of dope on the streets faster than-- >> because people actually think if hoffman died because of an overdose from heroin, and it's strong heroin, and we want some of that. >> yes, that's a good bag, and we want some of that. yes, that's part of the deal. that's why these phenttinyl

outbreaks and then dry up really quick. last year you saw it move from camden, new jersey, over to lebanon, p.a. down to baltimore. it keeps popping up all over the place, and it's very unpredictable, and you don't know when it's going to come around again. so for addicts who aren't heavy had a bit waited users catching one of those bags unexpectedly is almost guaranteed to lead to an overdose. whereas if you're a heavy habituated user who needs a lot of heroin, the bag that knocked out 14 people, they want to know what the brand stamp on that bag is, first of all, back to the

marketing piece, and then after the brand stamp you can find which corner that is being sold on and you would buy that bag intentionally. >> it's incredible that these things are going on. you call it the quiet epidemic, meaning it is going on under the radar, and it has become the leading cause of injury or accidental death surpassing car accidents? i was surprised when i read that. >> that's a stunning statistic since the rise of the automobile traffic accidents topped that list in the past years. drugs and opiates have taken the place of that. this is a different drug plague we've had. it's rooted largely in prescribing practices by doctors, prescribing far too liberally these very strong opiates. it's a very quiet thing. if you remember the crack

epidemic, there was drive-by shootings, bloods and crips driving on the streets, crack dealers. the colombians when they came to miami, the murder rate was sky high. that's not happening with heroin. it's a very quiet thing. doctors are legitimatized, they're selling, prescribing a drug that is stamped by the fda. but also across the country the people--the families of the people who are dying are stigmatized, they're horribly ashamed and horrified. a lot of parents grew up in the 70's. they consider heroin to be the lowest form of drug use, so they don't speak out. they're ashamed of the whole thing that their beautiful son was found dead at mcdonald's bathroom with a needle in his arm.

all of this tends to create a real silence surrounding this. that's changing. there are lots of new parent groups that are forming, and i've talked to a number of them in the book that i'm writing. the only notoriety it gets is like right now, when someone famous either dies or enters rehab. that's the nature of the plague. it's not the same as the crack or heroin epidemic of years ago, which was very public, and it leads to this kind of quiet spread. so it's kind of like this quiet virus. it's almost as if the drug itself has narcotized the country in not caring too much, meanwhile you have thousands of people dying every year where they're now the leading cause of accidental at the timaccidental.

>> let's hope that this brings out this drug death. we'll have more on "consider this."

>> the list of armed conflicts troubling the world is growing, so are the numbers of refugees. millions who have been able to leave their country and more who are left within their borders. syria alone has produced 6 million refugees including 2.5 million who escaped the fighting to neighboring countries, in africa ethnic fighting in south sudan has created well over a half million refugees, some internal, some in camps in nearby uganda. meanwhile conflict between christians and muslims central africa republic has left to millions of refugees, and many people around the world are dieing in desperate attempts to

find a better life. for more on the refugee problem i'm joined in washington, d.c. focusing on field researcher on displaced populations. this is a worldwide problem. to my surprise there are hundreds of thousands of refugees in latin america, but it's the brutal conflicts in africa, middle east, central asia, the war in afghanistan, and the deadliest and creating the largest number of refugees the syrian war. >> i have to say looking at the global picture it really does look grim and in my time working with refugees i can't remember a time when there have been so many conflicts simultaneously acracying such large movements

of people. you have seen syria, the situation pre-occupying most of us in the humanitarian moment. the first year of the conflict there was little displayment, but just in the past two years up to 2.5 million have left syria to go to neighboring countries. as you have just mentioned a large number have been displaced within syria, and they're unable to get out because they're trapped in conflict zones. i don't think we've seen refugee exodus of this scale, speed and magnitude in many a long year, this is something that is extremely disconcerning to us. it threatens to get worse. not long ago the high commissioner made a public statement where they said the current rate of departure there could be more refugees by the end of 2014. this is a serious situation. and as you mentioned this is not the only conflict taking place at the moment which is generating large scale

displacement. >> we just looked at a map of the refugees, looking at the number of lebanon, 900,000 people. it's like taking the whole population of canada and moving it to the united states in a couple of years. >> yes, the situation in lebanon is quite extraordinary. i've had the opportunity to go there a couple of times in the past few months. just physically you can just see refugee, refugee settles, refugees everywhere throughout the country. it's equivalent of canadian moving to the u.s. in a two years. it's not the number of refugees but it's the local population where a large number of people flood across the border and settle in towns and cities they place strain on the

infrastructure and health and humanitarian programs. theand that's a real challenge. they're not used to working in that way. >> we've seen some numbers that there are ten million long-term refugees including palestinians who have been in refugee camps for a long time. but 30 million people throughout the world who are internally displaced, 1.7 million afghans in pakistan, 310,000 somalis in kenya, 100,000 burmese in thailand. it's happening everywhere. are the u.s. and the world powers doing enough to help? >> well, i think the response is different according to the country concerned. i think the international response in particular the u.s. response to the syrian crisis has been quite extraordinary. there has been extreme large amount of resources diverted to the operation.

because the middle east is a very volatile region. for geopolitical reasons it's of interest the united states and other western countries. whereas take for example, the central african republic, a country that most u.s. citizens have never heard of or know much about, it's much more difficult to raise funds for a country like that that doesn't have the same global importance like a country like lebanon. >> they arand refugees are not t crossing the border, but they're covering large distances like going to australia and oftentimes boats will sink, and once they get to the place they're trying to get to, they won't get a very good reception. >> if refugees do have a good reception. i was just watching al jazeera america just before we came on air, there was a feature of a

somali ice hockey team playing in sweden where they have integrated very well. but australia is a very good example of a country giving extremely hostile reception to refugees intercepting their boats, sending them back to indonesia, sending them to remote pacific island in extremely poor conditions, and even if they're recognized as refugees eventually without prospect of a long term future in australia. there are various countries around the world but there are disturbing trends in other places. >> thank you for your time. to continue this discussion we're going to turn to growing connections in refugee camps and error groups including al-qaeda, breeding misery, deaths institution and hopelessness, and they're providing fertile ground for

ideologies that bring purpose and sometimes a way out. jay, good to have you with us. how big of a problem is this? >> well, it's big enough for people in the west to start getting nervous about it because they recognize that within the next 10 to 15 years this could be the source of all of the terrorist or most of the terrorist attacks against the west, and because of the fact that west africa is a place where you got an extreme amount of wealth. you've got a lot of diversity. you've got very weak borders in many cases and you've got a significant co conglomeration. even in africa you have some insure intelligent groups from

as far away as china that are represented in that region. so there are all scrambling for the wealth, the resources, including the human resources to build their ideologies and their platforms to launch attacks in many cases against the west in the coming years. >> how big of a threat is that in the west, and how intention are the agencies and militaries paying to this? >> it's an enormous threat, and james clapper said last week while testing before congress this area is a hot house, pretty much a breeding ground. you have insurgent and militant groups popping up almost monthly. many of them looking to fly the black flag of al-qaeda simply to become more popular in the eyes of the disaffected to recruit people. when you look at the population of some of these places you look at the amount of people that are

cut off from the economy that have to engage in the black market just to feed their families. al-qaeda represents to them many of them a good alternative. and alqaida recognizes as well they can find a lot of good candidates for their plan for their operations in refugee camps. many which are popping up in west africa and north africa. >> talking about james clapper, his full quote was africa is a hot house for the emergence nor extremist rebel groups which launch deadly attacks, in which government forces cannot often cannot effectively counter. how do the refugee situations vary between regions between the middle east, the western sahara and other parts of the world, are any particular areas more prone to the extremist movements? >> well, absolutely. anywhere that you have what is permissive environment or what

they call in the intelligence world ungoverned space you're going to have these organizations going there. they're going to go there and look for any place where they can operate out of sight. whether people know it or not refugee camps are prime targets because they can slip into those camps, and they can hide themselves in those camps amongst people. just what happened in mali, once the french came in and ran the al-qaeda fighters out, they disappeared in the desert, and many are thought to have gone to refugee camps. that's what they can do with this--in this ungoverned space, hide, sit there, plan, communicate as best they can, and in some cases they're able to collect arms and all sorts of resources that will help them plan their next attack which may an local or regional attack. >> thanks for joining us and bringing our attention to this important problem. thank you. consider this will be right back.

>> can women break the glass ceiling of politics? in new hampshire they already have. in 2012 the state became the first in u.s. history to elect women to all it's top political offices. but of the 435 seats in the house of representatives just 78 of them are held by women, and women hold only 20 of the 100 senate seats. why does the gender gap in politics persist? we're joined by shelly pingree, maishe represents main's first district congressman, great to have you on the show tonight. you address the issue of gender gap today, and you had this to say. >> i think one of the biggest challenges for women is often what goes on in our own heads. i just gave you 100 reasons why i didn't think it would go over with my family, my community, and there were a lot of people in my little town who would say, well, you can't do this. what will happen to your family? >> and sure enough in 2012 study from american university

confirms what you say, men are more likely to think about running for office, and when asked they think they're more qualified to run than women. do you think that's changing? >> i do think the next generation thinks about this a little differently. my daughter ran for office and succeeded and was one of the youngest speakers of the house in the state of maine. i know for a fact that it's easier for the next generation, but i can say that you can tell from the gender gap that women don't visualize themselves in office. they worry about children, family, they worry about whether they're adequate. when i first ran 20 years ago i would go no a town hall meeting. my opponent was considerably older than me. he walked in with a trench coat. i walked in with code roy pants and and say, he looks like a politician. that's what they are meant to look like. what am i doing here. i ended up winning by 62% of the vote in that race. people were ready to elect a

woman. but i had to convince myself that i could do it. >> you would think that the 2008 candidacies of hillary clinton and sarah palin would have encouraged more women to run for office, but that same study we just mentioned found that the opposite happened, that it discouraged women because of the amount of sexism that clinton and palin faced. how bad is that problem still? >> well, you know, you saw it in those two campaigns. i think we see it often. i'm sorry to say in the media women aren't covered as well, sometimes there is a bias. sometimes it works in our favor. going back to that race was i was a small business owner and my opponent who was also a business owner said to me, you're not a business owner. you're an alice wonderful.

and that backfired on him. we're tough skinned, when we get in the race we're destined to win, but many step back and say how will this effect my family and the people that around yes. >> and alexander star of the new america foundation had this to say. >> when you look at states like massachusetts, new jersey, pennsylvania, you know,--female representation in those states is pretty terrible. a big reason for that is that this old void machine that dominates the parties really decide who gets to run. >> you know, how big of a problem is that in this day and age, and how can you fight back against it? >> well, it's interesting. i do think that's dominated many of those states that you mentioned. you talked about new hampshire

has an all-woman delegation. they have 400 person member legislature who get paid $100 a year. in many cases its thought of as women's work. you're not going to be paid much. represent people, it's not a sophisticated career. in pennsylvania there is a pretty decent wage. i wasn't actively engaged in the political party when i ran the for the first time. i set off on my own, i didn't worry about what the rules said. i didn't worry about who would say i could be in or out, i talked to many other women, and many of the times that women get elected they start from a sideways position. they're not the chosen ones. sometimes they beat the chosen one and that's how they get there. >> women do get things done. if you look at the most recent example of the budget breakdown

and the shutdown of the government, voters across the board male and female think that congress is broken, but what you saw in my colleagues was that it was the women who came together and said we have to take care of this, we have to fix this. >> women have played an increasingly important role in the middle of some of these seemingly intractable conflicts in congress, being able to look past party and partisanship, how important beyond the equitable distribution would it be to have women in government? >> oh, i absolutely think. of course i have a bias, but if we had 50/50 in congress, the public would have better opinion about us and we would get more work done. i'm not going to say all women are good and male colleagues are bad, we have positive thinkers on both sides of the aisle, but i think many women come in to

this, many women are used to raising children, taking care of family, parents, a lot of women come into office because they want to change things. it's not because of their own individual stature or their ego, they say, i want to fix something. i got a problem, and i want to change it. that's a different motivation. you think about how am i going to get this job done. not how am i going to appear better. a lot of women work to find compromise. >> traditionally women have been the ones who have sent their sons off to war, and the consequences of this means to our families. the challenges and what the

obstacles are . >> thank you for joining us. >> thank you for having yes. >> we'll have more of "consider this."

>> should you be worried that a >> should you be worried that a robot will take your job?

you probably should be because it's already happening. a recent study found 50% of american jobs could be automated in the next 20 years. what jobs are at risk? earlier i had a chance to speak with director of the mit center for digital business at mit's school of management. he's also co-our thorough o coa. >> you wrote that it has destroyed some jobs but created many more but that started changing in the 1990's in what you call the great decoupling? >> that's right. it's important to remember all throughout history technology has been changing the nature of jobs going back to the first machine age, the industrial revolution when agriculture became mechanickizekized.

recent lease those trends have decoupled a bit. productivity, gdp, wealth have continued to growth. we're at record numbers, however employment has leveled off and stagnated, something that we didn't see in those earlier er eras. >> the automation in the past couple of edition cases has played a big role in job losses in recent years and income inequality that is being talked about in the political arena? >> that's a big part of it. there are other forces at work. globalization, tax policies, culture, but technology is the single biggest driver, and technology is accelerating so there will be bigger effects in the coming decades. >> you talk about the fact that robots are doing more and more jobs that people used to be

thought of as the only one who could do them. amazon and other businesses that have incredibly automated warehouse where is you hardly see a human being, and baxter the robot that have human-likabilities. we can go on and on, the question is what is next, and how much more replacement of humans are we going to see? >> no one really knows how exactly the technology will play out. it's advancing a lot of fronds it hadn't before. what we've seen so far is a lot of routine jobs, physical jobs and information processing jobs have been especially affected. workers, if you look at the skill content of jobs, jobs with the routine work have been automated the most. think of a tax preparer, travel

agent, you can codify it, digit advertise it, replicate it, make not just one copy by 100 million copies. that makes less demand for human tax preparers that were before. >> there is a list of jobs that have a 99% chance of being replaced by machines and software, and they list telemarketers, title examiners, matthewcal technicians, insurance underwriters, cargo and freight agents, tax preparers, photographic process workers, all sorts of things that those jobs would go away. healthcare workers, police, management positions would be safe. what industries do you think will be most impacted. >> broadly speaking those lists that you described are already trending in that way. a lot of those routine information processing tasks are the ones being autoe automated,d

humans have a big advantage in other areas, evaluativety is something that machines have not been able to do very well. entrepreneurship, motivating people, a caring touch from a nurse or caretaker, a sales person or motivating people or gotiatg,hose are all categories that so far we have not seen machines really able to master. >> we've seen ibm's watson. people will know watson from winning jeopardy i had. it's now being repurposed including medical activities, helping with diagnosis, treatment recommendations. it's an example of how these advances could really improve our lives. >> we talk about the bounty that comes with automation, and longer lives, better healthcare because of watson going to

medical school and learning how to do medical diagnosis is part of that bounty. already there are technologies using big data scanning through lots and lots of images that are able to identify cancer better than some of the best diagnosticians in the world. that's leading to lives being saved. the result is we'll all benefit, and the technology behind watson is helping not just in medical diagnosis, legal document analysis, investment advice, call centers. >> in heart you're an optimist. the title of your book, too, "something good will come out." we'll see something with the second machine age comparable to the first machine age, the industrial revolution. >> ultimately it was good news. let me qualified optimist. we call ourselves mindful

optimists. we don't think there is age single inevitable future whether it's a good you to bean one where we sit back and robots do our work for us, there are multiple futures possible. if we're mindful about our choices, how we invest in education, our policy choices, our own choices as individuals, how we organize ourselves, then we can steer ourselves towards better outcomes. nothing is inevitable. the reason why we rote the book is to get people discussing these issues. >> again, the book "the second machine age." thank you for joining us. >> thank you. >> the program is over but the conversation is continuing, you can find us on facebook, google plus pages and twitter "consider

this." see you next time. >> hello there, you're watching the news hour live from our headquarters in doha. i'm laura kyle. our top stories. geneva talks take two, a search of peace for syria turns into a blame game. >> i assure you that if we don't discuss how to stop such massacres the syrian people will have no confidence in what is going on here. >> united states of yemen, the first middle eastern country