until next time, we will see you all online. good evening, everyone, welcome to al jazerra america, i am john siegenthaler in new york. out of afghanistan, orders from the president get ready to bring all american troops home by the end of the year. uncertainty in ukraine after the president's fall there. how to build a new government. school children massacred. the lethal group behind the murders of students in nigeria. plus. >> i don't have to make a decision until next friday. >> waiting for arizona's governor to decide, will she sign or veto a bill that many say discriminates. and 50 years ago tonight the

fight that changed boxing, one event in a year that changed so much more. ♪ ♪ we begin tonight with what could be a major change for u.s. troops in afghanistan. today president obama ordered the pentagon to prepare for a full u.s. troop withdrawal by the end of the year. it's a decision that could affect the lives of 10s of thousands of americans families. now, a few thousand u.s. troops were sent to afghanistan not long after 9/11, by 2005, the numbers swelled to 20,000. the american presence piqued threpeakedthree year old ago, bt president obama has been pulling americans out of the country since then now about 35,000 u.s. forces in afghanistan. the president spoke with afghan president hamid karzai today and the white house acknowledged if

afghanistan does not sign a security agreement with the u.s. that american troops will leave by the end of the near, patty culhane reports. >> reporter: u.s. president obama has left the negotiationing with hamid karzai to his staffer. but after nine months of silence, he picked up the fine on tuesday to sends him a personal warning. he was told while the u.s. wants to stay in afghanistan after 2014 they have given up home that karzai will sign a security agreement providing u.s. forces legal protection, more than 12 years after the investigation think the u.s. has started planning for so-called zero option, a complete withdrawal. also warn that go there will be consequences, the longer he delays. >> the further we go, any contemplate i have post 2014 mission would be necessarily limited in scale and ambition. because of the requirements of planning for that troop

presence. >> reporter: analyst mark jacobson said that could mean 3,000 troops stayed largely hold up in kaboul mainly to conduct drone operations. >> that enables you to operate drones. working with some afghan special forces a is well but that's it. >> reporter: that is karzai's trump card if the u.s. is going to continue drone strikes, u.s. troops have to be in afghanistan. if the president was to decide otso called zero option, he will get push back from the military, from some members of congress who fear what would happen to afghanistan if u.s. troops leave entirely but the american public will be much more forgiving. since 6% of those asked in a recent poll believe the war in afghanistan was not worth fighting. those people would be more than happy to see the billions of aid promised in afghanistan kept in the u.s. and that is the american trump card.

it's not just a question if can they tack on the taliban and win but can their government pay them to stay in the fight. patty culhane, al jazerra, washington. >> and mark jacobson joins us now you saw him in the piece, he's the senior adviser of the truman national security project, former advisers to generals petraeus and ma crystal in afghanistan, welcome good to have you on the program. >> thanks. good to be here. >> is this about drones on one hands and money on the other? >> i think it's a bit more complexion than that. the american people don't want to see money goes to waste and really the main issue that i would be concerned about if we went to the zero option would be not having these -- the ability to strike targets in afghanistan and pac pakistan, but this is -- what does that mean for national security? >> well, without the ability to strike at tagger in other words pakistan you are giving the potential for a sanction ware foy al qaeda and other force to his develop their -- the ability to strike again outside afghanistan, possibly in europe,

possibly in the united states. >> in some ways it sounds like we are back to where the united states might have been before 2001. >> if some ways, it looks like that. but here is what's happening. as you mentioned a 12-year campaigning you can the surge of troops in 2009 designed to get the afghan security forces ready to handle this mission on their own. i think in terms of security we are there. so it's right that there will be a withdrawal of american troops and nato allies as well, but the question is can we keep a few thousand troops there in order to allow the afghans to build on this success. >> so you believe the afghan forces are ready. but, i mean, there are some questions about who will follow hamid karzai. so what about the candidates that might be in line? >> well, here is the concern. >> reporter: all of the candidates and, this includes people who have been pro american in the past, and they have all said, we will sign the

bilateral security agreement. no problem. we are going to sign the bsa. but these are campaign promises and there can be no guarantees that whoever follows karzai might not have to be more anti-american than karzai just to establish their base. and to gain the sort of support that they need from the south. so my concern is that there are going to be no guarantees and the sooner we get a b.s. a signed the sooner we can move onto the 122014 safe began stan. >> how essential is the afghanistan to the u.s. national security? >> i think there are a lot of issues. -- a lot of areas critical. this is where al qaeda had established a decades long relationship and we don't want to seat sort of sanctuary they had before develop once again. so a strong afghan is essential

and security is one peace of that. that's what we are doing well, but as patty's story pointed out there are other concerns in the future. >> is this just a chess match and it will play out before hamid karzai leaves? >> there has been a game of chick phone a while. my number one concern is those two cars are getting closer. the president has made clear the u.s. will go to the zero option, i hope karzai realizes in order for his country. in order to not lose the 12 years of progress that's been made, there has to be some order of agreement that allows u.s. troops our nato ally to his remaining on and provide the security or develop organizations can continue helping the afghan government strengthen. >> mark jacobson, good to have you on the program, thanks very much. >> thanks for having me, john. hundreds of millions of dollars in foreign aid has been

sent to afghanistan for medical care. the group doctors without boarders says nearly one out of five afghan patients had someone close die within the last year because of a lack of basic health services. the group, u.s. president recently returned from afghanistan and she shared her insight in tonight's first person. >> doctor without borders has been in afghanistan continuously since 2009. we did a survey of 700 patients and their families, what we found is that despite the news and the ongoing rhetoric that the conflict was winding down, that was, in fact, not the experience of the patients and their financially. one in five had a family member or friend who had died as recall of injuries, absence of access to health care. and their population that earns a dollar a day on health care,

accesses health care in the private sector could cost as much as $40 a visit so we were hearing about people having to borrow money, sale their worldly goods just to access health care. with the troops leaving afghanistan, our concern is what little interest there is focus in afghanistan will shift. i was in afghanistan two weeks ago. we would see patients coming in to our maternity hospital after sitting a home following a delivery essentially bleeding to death all night. or people who had been -- women who have been in labor who really needed to get to our hospital went to community health center because that's what was closer to home and safe tore access. and was not able to receive ca care. and would arrive in the wee hours as the sun came up meeting an emergency cesarean or or

actually having had a ruptured ute justice because they were not able to access care soon enough. and these are very sad stories because there is -- are huge amounts of financial aid and resources going in to the country and they are simply not being used to meet the medical humanitarian needs of the population. >> the doctor of doctors without borders,. now to ukraine where the interim president is worried about his country splitting apart. after the former press victor yanukovych was ousted there, still protesters in the eastern part of the ukraine who support him. and yanukovych has disappeared and the parliament has voted to send him, if he's ever found to the international criminal court and charges of mass murder. nick schifrin has been following the story. he's joining us now from eastern ukraine. and nick, what are you hearing there?

>> reporter: good evening, john. this is really in the middle of a divided ukraine. and a divided city. right behind me, that is what is supposed to be the local government building, instead it's been taken over by opposition activists, the same opposition activist that his took over independence square in kiev and are largely running the government at this point. but this town is the majority of it, at least is pro russian, very much against what's happened in kiev and a few hundred feet from me is the largest lennon statue in all of the ukraine, it's a giant symbol of how this city still feels connected not to the west, but to the east. under the gaze of the man who founded the soviet union, ukraine's youth are playing an old game, just with new rules. this is a pro russian city. these teenagers know for the first time that their team doesn't lead the government so they are figuring out how to rally from behind. there were rumors the lennon

statue was coming down. as it did in half a dozen other cities. they are ready to prevent that from happening. >> most of the town thinks this is our history. and nobody can destroy it. >> reporter: 17-year-old max says his heart is with russia, but he knows yo ukraine's futurs likely with the west which he's not really against. >> the dreams, even great britain and, you know, -- >> reporter: those western dreams scare an older generation who grew up soviet. these women interrupted our conversation to give max a ripping that celebrates soviet soldiers who died in world war two. >> reporter: were you worried about what he was going say is that why you are approaching us? that's exactly why. this woman calls over a rather employer as the max and demands her tell her what he already told us then she started wagging her finger at me, she's worried

i am spreading anti-russian lies and she's worried the younger generation is forgetting how much they owe to their soviet grandparents. >> reporter: do you think that the people over there are forgetting the history? she agrees but changes my tense. they have already forgotten, she says. but it's hard to forget when the monument to soviet soldiers in the middle of town is 70 feet tall. this city was ukraine's first soviet capital. 65-year-old alexander brings his grandson to make sure he knows his history. but in this family, the present matters just as much as the past. we should regard our history, he says, but we don't have to be tied to this history and be its hostage. that's where victoria comes in. with her boyfriend stanislav she acknowledge that his ukraine needs new leadership but says the younger generation can bridge the east-west divide in part because she's lived on both

sides. >> i was in barn there but i live in the west ukraine. now i live in here and i am ukraine, ukraine, i am not from east, i am not from west, i am ukraine. and i don't want to accept brought my country. >> reporter: but right now they still agree on my history and their heros. in kiev they an or the people that died last week, here they are still an are on the ground the people that died decade tag. evening though they are so pro russian and anti-what is happening in kiev, you heard from that woman right there they will not support any kind of break up, they just want to make sure in the come is days and weeks that they are part of the government. , john, time is of the h essence this country needs for form that government in the next few months, if doesn't it risks default. >> nick schifrin continues to follow the story for us in

ukraine, nicks thank very much. gay rights issues are making headlines across the country this tuesday. attorney general eric holder told state attorneys general from across the country today they do not have to defends laws they think discriminate. he said those decisions should be exceedingly rare, but added, that a holding equal rights is an important principle. in michigan the focuses on a trial challenging a law that recognizes marriages only between a man and woman. two detroit air nurses filed a suit looking to strike down a 2000 now constitutional amendment. measure had been approved by 59% michigan voters. and in arizona, governor january brewer is under pressure both sides, she must decide whether to sign or veto a controversial new bill, some call it the keep the gays away bill. the measure gives businesses the right to refuse services to gays and lesbians base on the company's religious beliefs. meg and her 14 year old son join

us from phoenix, arizona this everything. they are practicing mormons who have been following the legislation very closely, john came out at gay last year, welcome to both of you it's good to have you on the program. >> thank you, john, it's good to be here. >> meg, lets me start with you. what is your reaction to this bill? >> it was heartbreaking. it's really hard to put in to words. as parents, you do everything that you can to protect your children. and in our case we just have one child, so to protect our child. and it felt like this bill took that power away. and we felt -- we didn't feel safe anymore and we -- it did feel that it would open it up to this broad spectrum of discrimination, where do we go? where are we allowed? where are we welcome in hopefully we are welcome everywhere? it's been pretty scary. >> i understand you left north carolina and moved to arizona because you were concern billion dollar discrimination in north carolina and now there is this bill in arizona. do you feel as if you keep

moving from state to state and can't find a place where there is tolerance and acceptance? >> that's pretty much right. i would -- i'll do anything for my son, there are no lengths that my husband and i would not go to to protect my son and raise him in a happy, healthy way. i felt safe in arizona, i don't anymore. i can't say what the future holds but we'll do our best as parents to protect our child from any potential discrimination. >> john, can you tell us what it's been like in school? have there been lots of discussions about this bill th this. >> not really. not a lot of people actually know about it. >> they are not allowed in the gilbert public schooling systems to talk about lgbt issues. it's against -- it's against their code of ethics for a lack of word. >> and you are practices mormons and i -- how do you -- how did

your religious beliefs square with this issue you? >> a lot of people ask me this. and my basic answer is they don't. i guess i have hope that things can change, and be more accepting, i know my son did not choose this. i know that he was born this way. it's a beautiful part of himself, it's just i feel -- he feels no shame, no guilt, this is just something about him. so i feel like we are just trying to approach this as healthy as and as positive as we can. and reconciling what parts of our faith we can take with us and what parts we have to just kind of think about ourselves and reevaluate and in some aspects, we have had a shift in paradigm. >> yeah, i mean, everybody if the governor vetoes this bilker will you feel the same about arizona as you did when you moved there? >> unfortunately not. we love arizona. i am worried that more bills could come like this.

and also there are legislators that wrote this bill, that support this bill, that voted for this bill and these are our public servants and what guarantees can they give us for our safety as lgbt, we are not a protected class. and i say we because of the family. this is our family. and we need to work on getting our -- hopefully getting lgbt citizens -- recognized as a protected class or section july or en take that would be my -- that would be ideal for me. >> john, what is your message to politicians in long slay stew in what do you want to say to them? >> u m -- >> i don't mean to put you on the spot, it's okay. >> i don't know. >> we would like to you veto -- you to veto this bill and give

us assurances for safety in the future from discrimination. >> that's a strong message, good luck to you, thanks for being willing to share your story with us. >> thank you for having us, thank you. >> take care. next up, attacked at school. dozens of students killed in nigeria. a look at the group responsible. plus the u.s. sends three venezuelan diplomats pack. we look at the economic reasons fueling that country's unrest. and see green, lots of it. the first colorado county reveals just how much money it's made from selling pot.

dozens of students have been massacred at a school in nigeria, some shot, some stabbed, others burned alive. nigerian officials say the male and female students were separated, the girls told to go home. then the boys all killed. a teaminger described the killing saying the students were slaughtered like sheep. local officials toured the charred aftermath. criticizing nigeria's government for not protecting the students, but what is the group, john terret is here to explain, john. >> reporter: good evening, let's say at the outset that this is one of the most vicious groups that has ever been seen operating africa, according to old africa hands, one of whom said to me today the violence meeted out by this organization is savage. in the last five years thousands of years have been killed in attack by boca huh ram. they say them to establish an islamic state.

but state police stations and military facilities have been their primary focus. one survivor of a catch attack explains how boko haram fights i was broke in and killed 40 workers. >> they encircled a church and came in fight firing. they kept firing. some of us ran in to the bushes and they followed us with vehicles. and they kept killing us like dogs. >> now, the violence got so bad that a public outcry forced nigeria's president called good luck jonathan in to imposing a state of emergency in three straights across the country. bicycle owe huh ram is a religious organization.

many people say they field completely abandoned by their leadership who are thaws a miles way in the capital. boko haram believes that islamic law should be imposed throughout nigeria. the bowl uh-huh ram means western education is sin. or forbid e en. most people killed in the tacks have been muslims and many analysts stress this is not a straight christian may have muslim feud. thousands of people have fled the fighting in to neighboring african countries, the unites nations estimate 8,000 people have entered cameroon alone. local organizations saying it my be closer to 20,000. john. >> john terret, thanks very mu

much. joining us now is ambassador robin sanders, welcome. >> thank you, john, good to be with you. >> how does nigeria fight boko haram? >> i think that there are a couple of things that need to be done. i have actually thought about a containment issue first to ensure that the issue with boko haram remains in the northeast quadrant of the country rich. that's by far one of the most important things so that you don't have a pervasive issue in the country. secondly the fear issues -- feeder issues. what i mean feared issues, unemployment. lack of wealth inclusion, education and health system delivery issues. and so fundamentally you have economic development issues in that part of the north. where the indicator, the human index indicators are the lowest. so addressing some of those fundamental feeder issues can possibly help the government stem the tied of young people going in to boko haram. >> but all violence is horrific.

but just to hear the description of what happened to these children is beyond comprehension. how can nigeria manage this security threat? >> well, i think that there are two parts to the security threat. one, they have to try to have a dialogue with boko haram, so that this horrific killing can stop. that's fundamental and that's first. then go back to the containment issue that i mentioned so that it doesn't spread to other parts of nigeria, this is really a horrific act that was perpetrated on innocent civilians particularly young people. this is the second time that they have done this. and if this is going to be their trend, the military number one has to step up. they have to make sure that they are being as active as possible not only in intelligence but also in insuring that the secure facilities that they are protecting like this school and other institutions are actually protected well.

that they have enough intelligence so that they can try to be ahead of the curve on some of these issues. but clearly it's a three-pronged strategy that i think they need to follow. >> i go back to this horrible crime. and i know you know a lot more about this than i do. how can you talk to people who committed crimes like that? what do you say? >> well, when i say talk, i don't mean in terms of trying to understand their approach, but i mean talk in terms of providing or trying to provide a security environment that stops these kind of horrific crimes. and crimes against humanity. we look at this across the world, you see it in syria, i see it in other parts of the world, this inhumanity to man has got to stop. and i think the only way to at least begin that is to have a dialogue. even if you don't agree coming to the table with the issue are and what the goals need to be.

>> ambassador sanders, it's always good to have you on the program thanks for sharing your insight on this store. >> i thank you. up next, after the revolution, the fight for the future of ukraine as that country struggles to form a new government. a former u.s. ambassador joins us live. plus, blood gold, the precious metal that reportedly comes from car zones in africa. billions in bullion at stake. ♪ what is this place?

where are we? this is where we bring together the fastest internet and the best in entertainment. we call it the x1 entertainment operating system. it looks like the future! we must have encountered a temporal vortex. further analytics are necessary. beam us up. ♪ that's my phone. hey. [ female announcer ] the x1 entertainment operating system, only from xfinity. tv and internet together like never before.

welcome back to s* america, immaterial alshon siegenthaler and we have a lot to cover this half hour, including tax numbers make it official. legalized marijuana is a big money maker for colorado. a big problem for bit coin, one of the virtual currency's largest exchange practically disappears. and 50 years ago the fight that shocked the world. cascassius clay versus sunny his tonight anhistonight and the che after. a warn to go after began stan, the president today order u.s. military toy begin planning to take all of its troops out of afghanistan by the end of the year. it's the latest to the response

by hamid ca karzai to sign an agreement. officials say so the boko haram group was behind an attack on a school that left at least 59 people dead. police say the boys and girls ages 11 and 18 were separated by attackers. the girls were told to go home. the boys butchered, boko haram has been declared a terrorist organization by both nigeria and the united states. ukraine's parliament has delayed until thursday the formation of a new government that was supposed to happen today until there is a new government ukraine is not likely to receive international financial support. meanwhile former president yanukovych is on the run. joining us now is am bass lohr lee feinstein a former am abbas ambassador to pole amend. welcome. >> thanks, john.

>> if they can't agree will they split? >> well, you know, the country needs to unified. the leader of the opposition needs to set aside its differences for the sake of the country. they didn't immediate a tuesday deadline, hopeful ill they'll do it by thursday. >> how can the government keep the peace in the min meantime? >> it's difficult. it's hard to know who is in charge. i mean, to its credit, the ukrainian parliament acted quickly and swiftly and effectively on a whole range of issues after the ouster of yanukovych. so that said a good framework. and it showed some responsiveness to the street, to the protesters from independence square from who understandably are impatient for action. >> we heard a very eloquent young woman from nick schifrin's peace from eastern ukraine who says, look, i have lived in eastern ukraine and western ukraine but i am ukrainian and i

don't want the country to come apart. how many people feel that way? i am assuming that there are younger people that feel that way versus those that are torn n toward russia or the european union. >> one of the things that is different now from 2004 when the orange revolution took place, is that there is a greater agreement among a wide range of ukrainians on the importance of moving closer to usua to europet better political and social institutions for the better. of the country. so there is greater unity, although not 100 percent unity around that question. and i think ukrainians of all political stripes want to keep their sovereignty and keep the country whole. >> and they also, do they also look at the soviet -- at russia, former soviet union, and are they concerned about freedom of expression and free speech? >> i think that they are. and i think that they have

learned from the experience of 2004, when there was a chance for a break from the past, and now there is widespread and shared disgust with the corruption across the board, different political parties and hopefully now 10 years later, the opposition and the public can seize the opportunity that they have now to move in a better direction. >> does the country have to clean house to get rid of that corruption? >> country is going to have to take a lot of movers. you know, one of the things that has really driven ukraine's interest in moving west is looking at the example of its neighbor to the west, poland. at the time of the transitions in 1989, poland and ukraine had almost the same gdps, in fact ukraine's was higher. and now 20 years later, poland's gdp is almost three times that of ukraine which is a smaller country and that's because of the decision, the hard decisions that poland took to build strong political and economic

institutions. >> long road back. ambassador, good to have you on the program. thanks very much for being with us. >> it's my pleasure. well, tensions between u.s. and venezuela are getting worse, the u.s. state department said today it's expelling three venezuelan diplomats, last week venturvenezuela expelled three . diplomats. violent protests there have killed 13 people and injured many more. one of the major causes for the unrest, skyrocketing inning flange. daniel aren't. >> reporter: inflation is venezuela are the highest in the world. one of the reasons for the protestses along with high crime. in january prices rose 3% over the previous month. the annual inflation is 56%. prices rise almost daily and there are shortages of many food items. >> translator: our daily routine is not to go to the gym or sin

marks but to go from one supermarket or shop to the another. i go to one and they've got nothing. i can to another, and they've got sugar. but there is no cooking oil. no butter, no cereal or flour. no this or that. >> reporter: every venezuelan is forced to find ways to cope. the u.s. dollar is where people seek stability. but the official he can change range paying 6.3 to the dollar, a vibrant black market has developed paying much, much more. what we have here is 80,000 venturvenezuelan of the local cy worth 1,000 u.s. dollars, there is 1,000 u.s. dollars, that is worth that. 6.3 of the official exchange rate. about 80 at the unofficial black market rate. carrying large amounts of cash right-hanaround is one problem. a dollar shortage has affected imports. these car showrooms are empty.

i want to you talk to the manager, but with nothing to sale he's not come to work. >> we just see everything very short-term. we don't think about what will happen next year, we think about what will happen next week. or next month. so you don't really think about saving, that's just out of the question. >> reporter: economy in venezuela is not an abstract concept practices by men in gray suits, it affects everyone, every day. even a simple cup of coffee is a challenge. at the official rate, it costs more than $3. at the unofficial black market rate, less than 20 crepts. and it costs more this week than it did last. the opposition is calling for an end to the government's policy of state-led growth and currency controls. government schemes insure that the poor or fed while the rich have their own ways to cope. the opposition to president nicholas maduro's government has come mostly from the middle

classes their frustration spilling in to ainge their shows no signs of abating. al jazerra, caracas. now to the marijuana business in colorado. the first state to legalize the sale of recreational marijuana in this country is now just beginning to find out how much tax revenue it is raiseing in some parts of colorado. paul is standing by in denver to tell us more on that and take a look at the numbers. paul. >> reporter: good everything, john, that's right, the first round of numbers are in after recreational marijuana went on sale on january 1st and so far, so good. pueblo county south of denver on the southern edge of colorado has raised 56 that you dollars in one month after two shots, just two shots did a total of a million sales in january. fa web will he county opened up three more shops, we don't have the numbers from them yet but the county is protecting overall

sale tax revenue for the year will be about $670,000 that's just one county with five shops as of now. there are about 160 shops in the whole state. the numbers are not in yet. most of them are here in denver but big numbers predicted when that comes in. john. >> paul, we should assume, i guess, that more people are smoking pot now because it's legal. >> reporter: well, that's a good question, john. and those numbers are not available that research isn't there, what we do know is that in the state of colorado, there are about 100,000 what's called red card holders, those are legal holders of medical marijuana precipitations. now, the effort mats are are there about 500,000 people buying recreational marijuana, society tax revenues are disproportionately coming from the recreational sales and it's taxed at a much higher rate than medical marijuana. >> what about the a point of ps

saying about this. >> people driving, increased available for children. but with these numbers coming and. & predictions of over $1 million of tax revenue for the year, the numbers really speak for themselves at this point. >> ball in a snowy denver, colorado, thanks very much. from pot to politics. the '60s was an era defining -- define er defining r that decade. one period changed everything. 50 years later david shuster shows us how our nation wings redefined start building an iconic moment? sports. >> reporter: it was 50 years ago today in miami when be around dog named cas cassius clay won e heavyweight crown beating son i listosonnylisten more controvers what he said afterward. >> ain't nobody going to stop me. >> reporter: liston never knew what hit him and neither did the world.

because clay's bravado was just the beginning. the next month he embraced islam and became mohamed ali. it was a knockout punch to american culture that was still reeling from body blows from just months before. in august of 1963, there was martin luther king's battle for savincivil rights. a president assassinated just months later and then living room witnesses across the nation when his suspected killer was gunned down surrounded by dallas police. for the national psyche there was little resolution in 1964. when the warren commission concluded that lou harvey oswald killed kennedy all by himself. at the time, few believed the report. and it accelerated the emotion of faith in government. the new president lindon johnson ushered in more change. in july he signed the civil rights act making poverty and inequality a daily part of our national dialogue. >> at sea, on lands and in the

air. >> reporter: then he introduced vietnam to the national vocabulary. in this transformative year the ground was laid for america's most controversial war. a secret u.s. provocation throwed a north vietnamese tour torpedo boat a contact on a u.s. destroyer off their coast. in curb congress gave president johnson greater freed town declare an unauthorized vietnam war. and there was also this cultural invasion of 1964. >> ladies and gentlemen, the beatles! [cheering and applause] ♪ ♪ >> reporter: sex appeal and rock and roll would never be the same. and the world good and bad, was never in color. ♪ ♪ >> reporter: and getting a color television set was a sign of middle class success. the times were also a changing thanks for folk musician bob dillon a revolutionary artist andy war hollan warhol and the d

mustang, each played out begins the back up of more stunning news the murder of three freedom volunteers in miss mix student protests at uc berkeley and riots in harlem. at the time, nobody quite knew what it all meant. but in hindsight, 1964 stands as the year when the era known as the '60s really began and america would never be the same david shuster, al jazerra. >> row ma'am he had ali debut had a tremendous impact on african american athletes an influence still evident today 50 years later and mark morgan is here with that part. >> that's right. david touched on it. that was the start of something very big, mohamed ali then cassius clay was an underdog when they met in the title fight 50 years ago, ali young, loud and brash, liston intimidating

and broading. clay was given little chance to win, 43 of the 46 sports writer covering the fight thought liston would win, but clay prevailed when liston failed to get off his stool for the seventh round. veteran boxing writer went big picture and he weighs in on ali's significance. >> he was bigger than a boxer. you know, in his time, he was probably the most recognizable athlete in the world. and maybe the most significant athlete that i would say at least in the 20th century. michael jordan, a great athlete, but not exactly known as a great political figure. >> so what impact did ali have on society? >> you heard norm mention that for a second, john, he took a stand for what he believed in which a lot of athletes don't do anymore and he made two controversial decisions convert forked muslim and changed his name for mohamed al lee that wa.

he put a face on the antiwar movement. refused to go in the military he paid for that. he did not support the war in vietnam. was stripped of his title and he couldn't fight for three years, he was a sim s*eu symbol. and showed that athletes can involve outside of their sport. >> it is a time when he was not necessarily the most popular guy. >> right. that's what i mean, both of those decisions polight right down the middle and there were a lot of back and forth. >> what about his influence on athletes and their ability to express themselves? >> we have seen athletes now, john, who have no problem chrising themselves but ali was probably the first athlete to be so outspoken remember, float like a butterfly and i sting like a bee, he now about his talent and backed it up in the ring. he was not just outspoken but very loud. yelled atta components, he yelled at pro press con conferee yelled at reporters. and he was good and knew it and

told you about it. but some boxing historians don't necessarily call what ali did trash talking. >> reporter: let's listen to that. >> he's been called the father of trash talk. and i have a little bit of a problem with that. the nature of ali's trash talk was kind of playful except for joe frasier who always hated him for some of the racial stuff. feed most part if you watched him he had playful eyes and smile and a sort of sing song tone to it. >> when you think about mohamed al lee, he was vie brent in his younger years and then as he got older parkinson's took over sadly. what impact did that on the rest of his career. and the way he was perceived? and was the parkinson caused by box something. >> the repeated blows to the head. that's a good question. he was diagnosed in 1984 with parkinson's disease and that is at the relatively young age of

42. >> reporter: and so his long time physician dr. freddy pacheo says he didn't believe information necessarily box bug the fact that ali fought too long and to an advanced age and led to his injuries, one final note he turned 72 years old last month. >> such a powerful figure. mark morgan, thanks very much. we'll be right back after this.

>> meteorologist: we are all looking at some very dangerous conditions this everything across the northern approximates planes as well as the great lakes talking about the very, very cold arctic air in place right now. the warnings out. some blizzard warnings in parts of minnesota dealing with the winds as well as potential of snow drifts in the area up to three feet. because snow is already on the ground. but it is the wind chill advisories in 10 states, we are looking at temperatures already in to the minus area, like minus

nine degrees in margo and mine n it feels more than liar minus 35 to 38. very dangerous situation and, this is not going to end any time soon. look at wednesday for minneapolis, 16 degrees, all the way going down in temperature actually over the next couple of days, not coming back up until 12 until we get towards sunday. so that is going to be a very dangerous situation. also some cold air coming in for parts of chicago. not as cold as what we are seeing in indianapolis but colder than average for this time of the year. here in new york we'll see some slight snow showers moving through, no accumulation there, things are getting better later in the week, that's look at the national weather, your news is up next.

now to another controversy over gold and new allegations what gold is being obtained in war zones and then traded in the world's biggest marketplace dubai. that would be a violation of the united nations guidelines, sources tell al jazerra billions of dollars in gold is being paint today look like silver to get through customs, that gold is then being traded for cash in dubai, lawrence lee reports. >> reporter: dubai is the world's biggest marketplace for gold trading overtime it's happened to work hard on its reputation against ongoing concerns that the precious metal has been coming through its

refiners and trading floors without proper checks demanded by the united nations and others to insure that it hasn't come from war zones in africa. that's why this man's testimony matters. he was in charge of an audit team for ernst & young whose client is one of dubai's largest gold refiners. >> my team was given the job to audit the gold refineries in dubai against dubai-based regulator guidelines and [inaudible] guidelines. to insure that they do not processor trade conflict gold. >> reporter: he claims they were told large quantities of gold were being traded in cash, that set off one alarm bell. >> one of the refiners was dealing with cash transactions over 5.2 billion u.s. dollars in one year. >> reporter: that struck you as odd, did it? >> it's very odd. you are dealing with a substance that the whole world is saying we need traceability.

and once you use cash, you just cut that traceability. in a city like dubai, where you find lots of banks and it's known for it's banking system, there is no reason, no justification for coming in with big amounts of gold and then waking out with suitcases full of cash. >> reporter: and he says his team discovered that large amounts of gold had been shipped in from morocco painted silver to get around customs regulations. all of this was written up in ernst & young's interim audit of the refiner which was deemed noncomplaint with several key regulations but the prefiner's own reports which acknowledges some of these failings was never pubbed the watchdog witness global witness said it should have happened. >> this is about conflict gold and checks that they should put in to make sure golds from congo and sudan wasn't getting in to international market so it's of huge importance that the audit

which is supposed to provide an independent check to make sure that these things are happening properly saw the light of day. and in this instance it didn't. >> reporter: global witness claims to have evidence of a trail linking gold mined in conflict zones in congo to suppliers trading through dubai. though the evidence of conflict gold actually being sold is inconclusive. both the regulator in dubai and the refining companies say that they have made changes to their guidelines to toughen up audit procedures and improve transparency what isn't denied is the trading practices going on in recent months which at best can be described at peculiar. lawrence lee, al jazerra, london. it's a blow to bit coin one of the biggest players in the virtual currency world suddenly goes off line putting millions of dollars at risk, kilmeny duchardt has the reports. >> reporter: he takes all major credit cards here and cash, but he really prefers bit count. >> credit card processes takes a couple of days for them to do it. with the bit count processing,

we get a debt i object th it's e than. >> reporter: bit coin, investors manage them through exchange, but the industry was turned on its head on tuesday when the company abruptly stop trading. it's like a bank suddenly closing its doors without warning. if you log onto their website you'll see this statement saying it's shutdown to protect its users. but that hasn't satisfied some of its customers who traveled to the headquarters in tokyo to find out where their money was. >> i trade in bit coins which at the time before they started which was worth about $300,000. so it looks like that's disappeared. >> reporter: reports say nearly 750,000 bit coins are missing. potentially worth $350 million. all of this is raising serious concerns for financial regulators. state security commissions are watching this closely.

alabama officials are now warning that bit coins are a high-risk investment with minimal protection for consumers. the disappearance has made the price of bit coins everybody more volatile. bit coins have already lost about two-thirds of their value in the last three months. >> well, bit coin isn't well understood right now and so when something like this happens on what used to be the large effort exchange, investor fate in the coin goes down. >> reporter: but that's not all bad for bit coin users. >> for me i am almost habits coins are cheap so i can buy some more up. >> reporter: with a dozen customers who use the currency at his club every week, he is still bank on the ground bit coins. kilmeny duchardt, al jazerra, new york. coming up, all newton in our newscast at 11:00 eastern the new gold rush in california a couple walking their dog makes a lucrative discovery, millions of dollars in rare coins. and a citrus crisis and insect

threatening crops all over the country with disease and there is no cure for it. those stories and much more tonight 11 will be eastern and 8:00 pacific. finally an image that caught us in the newsroom. out of rocco's little chicago pizzeria, we reserve the right to receive serve toys arizona legislators, owner anthony rocco says he put up the sign in response to the controversial bill allowing owners to refuse service to gays and lesbians, the heads lines are up next, we'll be right back. >> aging america... they care for our loved ones >> some of them spit on you... some of them hit you... >> but the job takes a toll >> they wanna pay you five dollars an hour... ten...twelve hours a day... >> caring for the caregivers,

on al jazeera america >> there's no such thing as illegal immigration. >> al jazeera america presents... a breakthrough television event borderland a first hand view at the crisis on the border. >> how can i not be affected by it? >> strangers, with different points of view take a closer look at the ongoing conflict alex, a liberal artist from new york and randy, a conservative vet from illinois... >> are you telling me that it's

ok to just let them all run into the united states? >> you don't have a right to make judgements about it... >> they re-trace the steps of myra, a woman desparately trying to reunite with her family. >> to discover, and one of their children perish in the process, i don't know how to deal with that. >> will they come together in the face of tradgedy? >> why her? it's insane. >> experience illegal immigration up close, and personal. >> the only way to find out is to see it yourselves... >> on... borderland only on al jazeera america >> this is the real deal man... welcome to al jazerra america i an john seeing seeing en thought never new york. tonight's top stories president obama ordered the pentagon to plan for the full withdrawal from afghanistan. he began after speaking to hamid

karzai the white house says if afghanistan doesn't sign a security agreement with the u.s. our troops will be out by the year. ukraine's currency has tumbled to an all time low. low. the country's new leaders hay delayed the formation of a new government until tomorrow. the statement department said they are expelling venezuelan diplomats, venture say los angeles' president did that to three u.s. diplomats next we're their president accused them of plots to overthrow him. 13 people have died in anti-government protests there, jan gre brier arizona's governos until saturday to did he collide whether or not to veto a bill giving rights to refuse serve toys games and les lesbians, crs say it's discriminatory and i could cost billions in revenue. those are the headlines, i'll see you back here at 11:00,

"america tonight" is coming up next. remember, you can always get the latest news on aljazerra.com. on "america tonight," peril lies the medical mystery alarming parents. >> i saw her left hand mid grasp stop working. >> and puzzling doctors. >> our suspicion is that this is a virus, but that's unproven. >> a polio-like illness playing children leaving little hope of recovery. also tonight, it's considered one of the most dangerous jobs in america. caring for the elderly. in our special series aging america, a closer look at the courageous caretakers who aren't often well taken care of