>> we have a right to know what's in our food and monsanto do not have the right to hide it from us. >> so join the conversation and make it your own. >> watch the stream. >> and join the conversation online @ajamstream. >> new questions about what happened on the missing jet liner as the malasian authorities finally call for help from the fbi. also saber-rattling over russia's actions in ukraine. what role should nato play. plus the often secretlyive world of the fbi. i'm antonio mora, here's more on what's ahead. >> the agonizing wait for information on the fate of

malaysia airlines flight 370 is taking a real toll. >> local and international expertise, flight tim alert. >> as long as russia continues on this dark path, the continued efforts by russian forces to seize ukrainian military are. >> after learn that the plane's piebility had deleted files from his home made flight similarity, federal salts to try retrieve -- agents to try to retrieve the are information. remain innocent until proven otherwise, investigators do believe an alternate flight

program was introduced sometime before its communications gear stopped transmitting. someone who was familiar with the boeing plane's cockpit. family expressed fewe fury, f malaysia insists it's doing whatever it can to find the plane. adding the u.s. had put every resource that we had available on the search. for more i am joined from austin, texas by jim hall, national aviation safety board former chief. search effort a lesson in what not to do. have you changed your feelings

since then? >> i really haven't. military running a civilian investigation, to me not a precedent we want to run in the future. >> finally, malaysian authorities are bringing in the fbi, in a limited sense, to help credit recover deleted files from pilot zaharie hamid's flight simulator. >> who knows, i think at this point in time we all have to be responsible, we don't know what we don't know. and that is, who was responsible for the things that occurred in the cockpit that evidently have been recorded and have been reported. that certainly could be the flight crew. it certainly could have been

others that are on the aircraft. so there has to be a full investigation. but as that goes on, you know, to the extent possible, we need to hold the speculation to a minimum. >> right it could be -- >> because you know these are the lives and families are a lot of people are involved here. and we need to show them the respect they deserve. >> yes, and those families are extremely upset. they clashed with malaysian security guards on wednesday and the truth about the investigation, is there anything that malaysian officials could do under these circumstances where there is such that they don't know about to help these families? >> well, they certainly could delegate this investigation to a country that has a strong, independent investigative agency such as australia or france or britain, to come in and provide

some cohesiveness and direction for the investigation. i think it appears to me that the officials there are enjoying their time in the tv lights, and i don't see -- you know, i don't see a responsible be reporting of information as it is available, and it leads everyone to wonder, you know, who -- what they might know, or what they might -- is it all being reported? >> well, in talking about the responsibility to report accurately, the time line you would think is what's crucial to understanding what may have happened here. but the time line changes over and over again. malaysian officials first said that the acars communication system had been disabled and that contact was lost to the airplane, at least with the acars pinging at 1:07 a.m. now they admitthey didn't know when it had been switched off. it worked normally at 1:07 but

had been turned off possibly. the good-bye was at 1:30, but now they changed it, it was at 1:19. it is possible that the pilot said good night before anything got switched off. does that clarify anything about whether there was a criminal incident or an accident? >> what it clarifies is you need to have criminal investigators running an event, looking at a tragedy of this magnitude. and unfortunately, this is -- it's been an amateur hour and you know, the information needs to be verified, and then needs to be reported, and you need have, because this is something that's important to all of the countries that have commercial

aviation. this investigation needs to be grabbed up, by someone that can take it, and give it appropriate direction. and i'm afraid that's not the malaysian government or the malaysian military. >> at the time they said good night, the transponder and the acars switched off after that, is that any indication to you? >> there's not enough factual information here. it could be the result of a fire or a short or a mechanical reason in the system. it could be the intentional act of individuals. what we do know is that there are certain changes that have to be made in the future by the international civil aviation organization, in terms of screening of pilots, in terms of verification of manifests, in

use of deployable recorders, in the use of you know, having professional accident investigators able to come in, and assist in a future situation like this. >> come in and help any country where this might happen. one further question about this latest information about the report that the auto-pilot had been programmed for this other route. pos bring just a few minutes before -- possibly before any of these other things happened. what do you think about those reports and when could they mean? >> well, i mean the sad part is that we have on television right now on your channel and others, a lot of very qualified people that are speculating based on the factual information that as you so clearly point out then gets changed. so it's very difficult at this point, until you know, there is a clear -- these facts are

clearly established, with -- and independently established, to provide any further comment. this is a tragedy that needs professional attention . >> and again, these families keep waiting and suffering not knowing what happened to this plane. former ntsb chairman jim hall, appreciate your time. turning to the situation in crimea, form he ukrain former un military personnel fled their base, some with tears in their eyes. ball tickest toaniabalticest es.

>> looking ahead we're exploring a number of steps to increase the pace and scope of our military operation including rotating u.s. forces to the baltic region the conduct ground and naval exercise as well as training missions. >> but what will nato actually do? for more we're joined from washington, d.c, by former credit house member james harmon. the chairman of the woodrow willwilson center. treatment of ethnic russians in estonia, he compared it to russia's concerns about its ethnic minority in ukraine. that was the justification that vladimir putin gave for taking over crimea. any doubt that's a threat against a member of nato? >> well, i think we should not take bait.

what has happened is extremely serious and a violation of international law and the laws of the country of ukraine. and the promises made by vladimir putin. oh, by the way. i think it is very prudent for ukraine to have withdrawn its soldiers. that reduces the chance of provocation. but as a more -- in broader terms, number 1, it's important that vice president biden is in the neighboring countries and saying what he's saying about nato. you just played the clip. but we ought to think about going after russia where russia is weak not where russia is strong. where is russia weak? her economy. i said vladimir putin didn't learn the pottery barn rule, if you break it, you own it. the sanctions imposed by the u.s. eu and canada will bite,

but they should be much bigger. this is where i think we could hurt vladimir putin in the short term and we should go after the resources of russian ol garks wholigarchswho are living out o. putin called on them to repatriate their assets to russia, so he could protect their assets. i don't think there's a chance they will do that. i don't think that will protect their assets because the russian economy is so marginal. i would say ramp up the sanctions, and keep up the exercises in nato and keep down the rhetoric, the provocative rhetoric and we will get a lot further a lot faster. vladimir putin i don't think has a long term trajectory here. strategy here. he is a tactician. but the push back has got to be where he is weak, his economy.

>> david cameron seems to credit agree with you. he says if we turn away from this action and we don't act, we'll be worse off in the long term. we can't say do this and have no consequences for doing it. but the sanctions you're talking about are strong sanction he. >> well those sanctions will bite. they'll obviously hurt the people they are put against. in the economies where those people live. those people spend bundles of money in new york, buying up the highest priced real estate in new york city, the south of france. french, england and russians, the worst problem is to have russian troops moving on nato allies. >> right, but are the sanction he that are currently in place,

talking about them biting but is it really kind of just nibbling when you look at the bigger picture, biting a very limited group of people? >> yes, it is nibbling. i'm talking about biting. i'm talking about something bigger and leaders of countries and david cameron sounds like he's doing this explaining to their populations why it's important to do this. why is the strategic interest in ukraine? it's first of all a friend and ally. but a strategic interest in ukraine is making certain that russia's ambitions if she has ambitions don't extend to our nato members in europe. >> and you recently wrote, recently as you're talking about ukraine and what putin might do, you wrote that ukraine is a real country with strong ties to the west no longer a soviet puppet state. but it doesn't sound like putin agrees with you. and the danger is that putin

might go into eastern ukraine. >> well, putin has made an enemy of most of the 40 million people who live in ukraine. two million russians live in ukraine. the government since the orange revolution has been poor. i mean it's been a series of oligarchs, it is not transparent, it is not competent, and helping ukraine stand up a competent government, providing economic aid to a competent government, both from the u.s., president obama promised $1 billion, congress of course as usual is wrangling over what are the conditions on the $1 billion but the eu too can provide economic aid to a transparent competent government in ukraine. those are elections in may, not far off, and those elections should yield a pluralist government. to reach for those in eastern ukraine who may speak russian, i

don't think russian should be discontinued as one of the permitted languages in ukraine, and i think we get the gist. i think most countries understand what would make sense in ukraine. and we, the u.s., ought to try to be helpful there. and i think there's an urge to be helpful there. >> and how far should nato go militarily? as we heard joe biden say, the u.s. was scheduled to have an exercise in july in ukraine. they might move that up. we have sent some fighter planes to some of the nato allies that are in eastern up a. eastern europe, is that enough or is it too much? >> it's hard to know. we don't want to get into a war, a military war with russia. i don't think that's in then's interest. if one of our countries are attacked we will come to their aid, we will be anticipating that attack but come back to

what i said in the first place, let's attack russia, let's react to russia' russia's aggression. that is kind of old-think. the cold war had a very different world economy. the world economy now is interconnected. and russia is not going osurvive if we can develop independent energy resources in the united states. we certainly have the natural resources. tom freeman the an op ed in the new york times suggested that instead of you know reacting to this with some kind of a space challenge, which was the reaction to the early cold war, we should have an earth challenge and putting to a grand bargain on energy, where in the u.s., we create efficient, clean, and ample energy

resources and then export them. and wean europe away from the gas tank of rudz an russia and s away from the gas tank of the middle east. that would be a win win and the only loser would be russia. >> former congresswoman jane harmon, head of the woodrow wilson center, good to have you on the show. >> thank you very much. >> a look at an often petty and secretive agency. and our social media producer, hermela aregawi. what's up? >> i'll tell you more just ahead. tell us what you think while you're watching this show. tweet us @ajconsiderthis or leave a comment on our facebook and google plus pages.

>> as the irs continues to face backlash over cufertion h accust it treated conservative groups harshly, alleging widespread corruption, misconduction and abuse, wastin wasting taxpayer , are these contained in smaller offices or i irs as a whole, dad

k. johnson who also writes for taxanalyst.com, he won the pulitzer price. david you wrote that these massive weighs, have let tax cheats get away with it and this potentially cost the government millions and millions of dollars. how much revenue is being lost? >> well, we don't know exactly how much money. there's not an official number that the irs has, about a billion dollars a day of lost. i don't put much credence in that number at all. per waysive problems with -- pervasive problems with managers, consistencily they talk about the high standards of

conduct, the lack of abuse of taxpayers, a lot of favoritism and a lot of abuse of people. of course anybody who works at a big office may have some idea of uneven management. >> is that what could have happened here? unbalanced work loads, lazy managers, it does seem to be something that does come up in a lot of other places. >> it does. what's significant here is that the irs is under incredible stress. the size and complexity of the tax system has grown you enormously but we have -- grown enormously but we have cut the tax police. that's what the irs is, the tax police, just like the cops riding around in cars are the street police. as a result there are not enough people to do the work that needs to be done. and i think this is making the internal problems radically

worse. a long time irs attorney named jane kim went on the record. she sent a long can letter to individual offices and i point out many of these ar verifiable. that would be a crime to lie on the time sheets as a federal employee that's a serious problem. if some lawyers have virtually no work to do and others are being ordered to work seven days a week, that's a violence of federal labor law as well as policy. >> and this is not just a question of losing revenue, it's that taxpayers are not getting treated or getting the kind of attention that they deserve. >> exactly. you and i as wage-earners we became of can't cheat on our taxes. we have an automated tax system

that is the marvel of all the other tax collecting agencies around the world. but people who are an investor, landlords, i've been one, business owners, i've been one of those, income from those sources are not verified. that's where you have to have enforcement efforts. lawyers have been told to concede multimillion dollar cases, simply because they don't have the revenue and as she put it, obvious tax cheats, end quote, are getting away without paying their taxes. we should be concerned about a system that only efficiently taxes wage earners. >> blatant drug use in government facilities that weren't addressed until complaints went outside the irs to treasury oversight. is there a systemic problem in thers? >> in the irs? >> i think there's a systemic

problem in the irs that a system doesn't work well. when i was on the l.a. times i was writing about the l.a.p.d. what ms. kim is worried about and i thought it ought to be our focus is, she says there's a high degree of professionalism and treating taxpayers well, that the cincinnati story as you know antonio i've shown to be just complete nonsense, there was no scandal in cincinnati it's totally manufactured. but -- >> on the other hand, david, again that systemic problem question, if you look at what happened in cincinnati there serge was higher and more intense scrutiny of conservative groups compared to liberal groups and even though the fbi has found this crimes were committed, we still have lois lelernlearnelerner coming out a-

>> secondly and more importantly, the reason conservative -- the only groups this had their tax status taken away were conservative groups. think of a building inspector who has brought a set of building plans and looks at them as an expert and says this building will collapse and then starts demanding that those people who presented building plans that don't follow the law, that they explain and they alter their behavior. we have seen a number of the requests for tax exempt status that were presented by conservative groups. they were not properly presented if the intent was pure and if they weren't -- >> but were all the liberal ones presented well? because if you look at the numbers the liberal, the requests have no -- >> yes, you've hit upon what i think is the key problem here is that many more of these conservative applications have problems. and the person who made the decision in cincinnati to scrutinize these is a

self-described conservative republican who has said this was entirely a matter of professional judgment and his view and that of his staff as to these application and their fulfillment of their duty under the law and all of that is compounded by a 1959 regulation from the eisenhower years that is goofy and shouldn't be there. there is no evidence whatsoever, that this is targeting and it is unfortunate that the irs used that word, but kim the lawyer who spoke up here, i've had several irs employees reach out to me today. her concern is that if you don't deal in this environment of not enough staff with overworking people you are going to get mistreatment of taxpayers and that's one of her concerns and we should be concerned about that. we need to have an irs that is large enough to do the job of raising the money that we need. because there are no liberties, there is no wealth creation, indeed there is no united states of america, without taxes.

>> it does affect all of us, david j. johnson, thanks for joining us tonight. >> thank you. >> switching topics to the crisis in venezuela and new efforts of the president nicholas maduro, venezuela's congress voted for investigation of criemtion including inciting civil war. called on venezuela's attorney general to strip machado of her legislative immunity, called her a terrorist and a fascist before her fellow lawmakers and attacked her for her role of antigofs protest government -- government protests that have left 30 dead. >> this congresswoman is a murderer, murderer.

>> johns hopkins school of advance studies, michael, good to have you on the show. how important is maria carina machado to the movement? >> i think if this action of stripping her of her immunity advances which i view as very likely it is only really going to continue to inflame the protest movement on the streets in the weeks ahead. >> definitely inflammatory there in front of all the lawmakers, he was calling her a terrorist a fascist, an asas aassassin. she can't be tried without go-ahead and another vote to strip her immunity. president maduro's party

controls congress. does it control the prosecutor and the supreme court as well? >> i think that you know, what -- i think table is set for this to advance. and i think that's very unfortunate. i think that unfortunately die process will probably not be given -- due process will probably not be given a good process here, for maria corina. what we're seeing right now is more evidence of us saying that venezuelans often utter to each other and is often mentioned in the press was that nicolas maduro the current president is no chavez. that is to say while chavez certainly committed some excesses in terms ever his respect for the opposition, in terms of tolerance of different voices, maduro has taken a much harder line towards the opposition. and in fact, it's probably not serving his own political interest and it's certainly not serving the interest of human rights in the country. >> so he arrested opposition

leader leopoldo lo leopoldo loat month. >> such a move woul would implya very high move for the government. some sectors of chaveztaing movement in the government. his remarked, i view it as very unlikely that the government would cps opposition enrique capriles. >> you think this is just an opposition tactic? >> i think it takes place in a context in which the government

has decided that it wants to isolate some of the factors of the opposition, that it sees as leading this protest movement in the street. but i think this is a miss calculated strategy in a sense trying to as it were cut the head of the snake off. i think that's really going osort ever coil back against government as it were and i think that the moves to isolate these groups is really going to inflame the protest movement even more. and at the same time, i don't think that the government strategy of trying to make the more radical elements of the opposition come out are necessarily going to serve its interests and certainly not going to help make the country a more pleasant place in return. over the weekend we saw some signs and on monday we saw some signs of there being a kind of light at the end of the tunnel of getting out of this difficult dark moment the venezuelan

politics. this tends to put us back in the tunnel and we don't find way out at there moment. >> invited by the organization of american states to speak about the situation, she's already left the country. any chance that they might want to isolate her altogether and just not let her return? >> you know i think that's something that is being discussed right now, as sort of self-imposed or sort of coercively induced compile by maria machado. but i think government is still likely to let her return to venezuela. she may not want to do that. living in compile or returning to her country. but dealing with the court system that certainly the opposition doesn't believe is independent. so i think that that sets up a

situation where she may not be returning to venezuela but at the same time, she may view it as in her interest and in the opposition's political interest to sort of confront the government along these lines and make it you know deal with this problem by maybe perhaps putting her in jail along the similar line that happened to leopoldo lopez. many in the opposition, that sort of thing helps show the government's lack of commitment and respect for the opposition. >> a venezuelan blamed terrorist after a municipal worker was shot and killed while taking down a street barricade in caracas. one of the big flash points for protest that 16 people were hurt there, some by bullets this a clash with the country's national guard. how long can this violence go on? do you think it's going okeep

escalating? >> -- to keep escalating? >> i don't know that it's continuing, in the sense it's continuing i could see where that would be considered an escalation. but i think -- i think the situation is at a bit of a stale made. i believe the government think it's, policies of containing these protest movements through the use of the state security apparatus is justified at this point. they don't see a reason yet to step back from that. there was some sign over the weekend, capriles mentioned there were informal contacts with the government but i think those are going to be put in the freezer, in the events that happened in the past few deas ds with maria carina machado. the epicenter of venezuelan politics but it still plays a very important role in the

overall dynamic between the government and the opposition. >> there are lot of american interests involved in venezuela. michael mccarthy good to have you back on the show. time to see what's trending on the website. hermella. >> racial segregation. if you have to guess what part of the country was least are segregated? south and west are the most racially mixed compared to the northeast and midwest parts of the country. many portion he of the sun belt were relatively new, housing developments around cities of las vegas and phoenix have no ration separation. all parts of the u.s. and the world has partially erased the remnants of racial separation deeply rooted elsewhere. young migrants are less likely to harbor discriminatory

attitudes and more likely to be in mixed race relationships. can you read more about this at aljazeera.com. tweet us @ajconsiderthis. >> does march madness mess up american workplace is? and later, while you may want to get to sleep as soon as this show is over.

>> leading from behind, was the phrase an advisor to president obama famously used to describe the administration's approach to the crisis in libya. slamming the president's actions with respect to syria, iran and more recently, russia's takeover

of crimea. has the perception of american hesitation become a reality we need to rectify? joining us is bruce jones, author of the book, still hours to lead, the tension between rivalry and restraighten. brookings institution, past experience in middle east peace negotiations, crisis in the balkans, worked account united nations and that the unitednatio join us. credit our time to lead, america does need to lead but not dominate. >> part of what motivated me to write this book was acknowledge we spent a lot of time over the last decade conflating the

aspect of american leadership, with military power. that's an important part of our leadership but not the only thing. we talked a lot about american decline. fundamentals of american power, when i look at our military strength, our economic strength, young population, growing population, energy boom, i reach the conclusion that we're an enduring power. >> there's no way we're going to lose our position of world leader any time soon? >> in the suite of tools that we have, we hear the rise of the bricks -- >> explain the bricks,. >> brazil, india china, south africa -- >> and you talk about indian and china. >> they are an important new factor but their interests sometimes overlap with ours, sometimes they are going to be challenging us, but nothing like the ability to challenge us like

a dominant block of states would have. >> in that light you have written in every region at home critics decry the lack of american leadership and american withdrawal from the world stage. the question that brings up to me is how can we win? if we withdraw then we get these complaints. if we intervene we get the yankee go home and the criefs cf mairnamerican imperialism. >> that's what i mean by lead not dominate. india, brazil, south korea, and are willing to follow us under certain circumstances. we have to spend a lot of our energy, a lot of times to try olead with as broad of coalition as we can. >> you make the point that american will still be world's

leader for a long time. you point out in interesting ways how much more powerful we are, not militarily but economically, education, our universities are so much stronger than the rest of the world. why are we seeing this conventional wisdom just not abroad but in the united states thinking that we are weaker than we used to be? >> i think we spent a lot of time focusing on the rise of china, the rise of india, the rise of brazil. we assume that if wung is one ask rising, one is declining. we are still far and away the more important actor. we are reducing our military footprint in iraq and afghanistan. we did in iraq and we are now in afghanistan. that looks like decline, it is not decline. we are going back from an extraordinary high from the scale of overseas military deployment but our power is still very substantial.

>> in what the what point is it getting bigger for economy? >> the overall scale of the chinese economy will be larger than ours. but if the lakers are playing my high school team and we have 11 guys and they have 11 guys we are equal. the chinese economy may reach the same size as our but we are a more substantial economy. >> and how about the concepts of rivalry and restraint? >> i spend a lot of time traveling around to these capitols and there is an impulse to assert on the global stage and that leads them to try rival us. but they can't solve the problems around the world by themselves, and they rely on american power in a lot of ways. in a lot of cases there's an impulse to challenge and a recognition they can't do it. >> we need to project confidence

you write because uncertainty will make things worse. and ask ease of we're seeing -- and we're seeing it in russia and crimea. we'll look forward to seeing you again, thank you for joining us, and the book is still ours to lead. coming up, we know losing sleep is not good for us but brain damage? the co-author of the story is next. march madness is it really bad for the workplace? our data dive is next.

>> the ukraine crisis as tensions esalate >> russia for all inents and purposes showing no signs of backing down. >> crimea's vote rejected by the west... >> here in crimea, a lot of them say the west should just butt out... >> new santions looming >> mr. ambassador will those sanctions work? >> things could easily get out of control >> will crimea break away? what's russia's next move? and how will th u.s. respond? >> we're making it clear that there are consequences for their actions... >> for continuing coverage stay with al jazeera america your global news leader.

>> today's data dive questions the negative impacts of march madness. the ncaa men's basketball tournament is a national phenomenon. and every year we hear workplaces will suffer. is that based on fact? msn survey are are complain that 86% of people will spend time at work checking their bracket online. takes that 50 million figure and multiplies it by the average hourly wage of 24.31. the result, an estimated $1.2 billion in lost productivity only over two days. but there is a lot of push back on whether this is all true. first the lost productivity numbers assume workers can't multitask. second, is march madness really

obigger distraction than people checking facebook or personal e-mail at work. third, only about 1 in 5 workers are actually distracted according to a study. march madness is a welcome distraction. another 57% said that checking brackets isn't encouraged but that it's fine in moderation. a bigger problem is not just watching your brackets but watching the actual games while you're supposedly working. yet another study found a third of i.t. departments are prepared to block or slow the streaming of march madness games on your office computers. but if work doesn't see benefits, smaller schools that do well in the tournament do. the countless hours of free advertising help. butler's admission recently dropped 50% after two straight final 4 trips. spike in enrollment when the team made the sweet 16 last year

and virginia commonwealth made a more than 20% rise since it made the final four in 2011. who knew college basketball could have a big and varied impact. coming up do all nighters cause brain damage? the surprising findings next. in fact, we depend on you, your ideas, your concerns. >> all these folks are making a whole lot of money. >> you are one of the voices of this show. >> i think you've offended everyone with that kathy. >> hold on, there's some room to offend people, i'm here. >> we have a right to know what's in our food and monsanto do not have the right to hide it from us. >> so join the conversation and make it your own. >> watch the stream. >> and join the conversation online @ajamstream.

>> after this segments you should probably get some sleep.

researcheresearchers at the uniy of pennsylvania said you should get some sleep. renlreplicating, brain cells die. making things worse catching up on sleep doesn't seem to help. dr. sigrid visi is the co-author of a study, dr. visi ask an associate professor ever medicine and a member of the sleep and si and circadian biol. this study shows that it causes brain damage in mice whoer sleep deprived? >> that's correct. it's a small portion of cells but it's that group of cells that is essential for your attention and also for mood and

higher cognitive function. >> and how likely is it that this will translate to humans? >> i think it's very likely. we know that all across all of the mammalian species, they have lots of transmitter to present to the whole brain. and they sleep when we sleep. and keeping them awake, when we stay awake, we felt that that was going to be likely to be a metabolic insult to them, hurt the cells and indeed it does. >> many people try make.that sleep debt after working a lot of hours, pulling an all nighter for recovery sleep but you don't believe that is helpful enough? >> it is helping some. part of the reason we're sleepy is we have this drive to sleep and that part can be fixed with getting the sleep back. but when we really push ourselves, with day after day of

short sleep, that's where we think that we have some changes that may be lasting. and we don't know whether they're irreversible or they're shortly lasting. attention span after humans are kept getting about four to five hours a night for a week, that even if you give them three nights to recover they still have lapse he in their attention after three full nights of recovery. so we do know that the recovery is short. it takes a long time oreally get there and that short amount of sleep loss can be enough to have lasting effects. >> and you do raise the issue of the possibility that this could be irreversible. and the fact that this affects these cells very quickly. it only takes a few nights of sleep deprivation that the mice started seeing the effects. could it compound for time if you keep being sleep deprived an extended period of time?

>> absolutely. we looked at the mice giving them a four day rest, the same as a night shift worker would have a four day weekend and going back to the same eight hour day for the next three nights and we see compounding of injury. consider it speaks to the fact that the recovery can take a little bit longer and we're going to have to figure out in humans house long is too long for it to be awake and we have a lot to sort out. but i think that this gets us started. >> this of course would impact millions of americans who were shift workers. >> absolutely. >> for other reasons end up losing sleep. you say at first the brain's nerve cells and the mice actually reacted to protect the brain. but that that ability to protect itself lessened very quickly. >> that's correct. for just three hours of wakefulness, one thing when we were quite surprised with, three hours of wakefulness builds up

ah a huge antioxidant response. without a protein present there's a huge amount of o oxidative pressure presents. if anything were to reduce the cert 3, then even shorter amount of sleep loss would be detrimental to the brain. >> you could conceivably produce a medicine that could help the brain protect itself and dial with the sleep deprivation? >> that's what we're most exciteabout. we have many heroes around the world who have to work around the clock in military operations for police force for health care purposes, et cetera and people just need to do this for their job from time to time. so a lot of people are going to have to pull all-nighters and it would be nice have something that protects their brains while they're awake, think it will

substitute for sleep, i want to make that clear, people will have to get nice healthy sleep but hopefully we'll have something to protect the brainln along prolonged periods of wakefulness. >> what our tell people who have to spend long time at work? >> we all have done that. but the real mission is, don't push your body too hard. catch up what can you. sometimes a 20 minute nap is enough that really helps the brain out tremendously that will help you keep going keep charging ahead. you have to do that from time to time but minimize your time that's not spent directly on what you really need to get things spent on so you have some extra time for sleep. and in the long run you'll find yourself much more efficient. >> i know you're going ocontinue your studies and look at

deceased workers who were shift workers and see what happened to them. thank you dr. visi. >> thank you. >> the show may be over but the conversation continues. we'll see you next time. nova scot >> good evening everyone, welcome to al jazeera america. i'm john seigenthaler in new york. demanding answers - in the search for flight 370, grieving relatives lash out at officials as investigators take a second look at the pilot's simulator. >> show of force. pro-russian forces storm a navy base in crimea, and the attack on the head of ukraine's state tv. >> flea market treasure, a faberge egg worth