is. whiland it may be wise for applo pay attention to some of sony's past mistakes. i'm ali velshi, thank you for joining us. >> good evening everyone. this is al jazeera america. i'm john siegenthaler in new york. a massacre in nigeria. hundreds killed. the government blames the same group that kidnapped more than 270 school girls. what you don't know about boko haram. the ruthless organization behind the violence in nigeria. our special report. crisis in ukraine. a message from vladimir putin. but is russia really pulling back from the brink? >> syria's war. rebels evacuated from an area where there's been intense

fighting. and border abuse. hundreds of complaints against patrol agents from undocumented workers but who's listening? we begin tonight in nigeria, where there's been a massacre. hundreds of people killed and the government the blaming boko haram. it is the same group that kidnapped more than 270 school girls three weeks ago. today's attack happened in the northeast corner of nigeria in the state of borno. residents murdered, homes set on fire during a 12 hour raid. yvonne indege reports. >> boko haram from previous attacked in the northeast. reports the group killed hundreds in northeast on monday will worry many.

residents told the state government that masked men raided the village and started firing. >> anybody sighted in that area were shot and killed and then later on moved into the city and they gunned down aall the shirts and 500, not less than 300 people died. >> reporter: the reports may fuel public age are about the federal government's failure to curb attacks by the group. marched to the offices of the head of the army in abuja to protest over the government's failure. the united states implied that nigeria was offered help to fight the group, but rejected it. but nigeria's minister of interior says that's not true. >> specifically i wouldn't say, as i know of any specific offers

that were made and rejected. but i can say this: that in the beginning, the insurgency, states of nigeria were actually seen as a local operations, that were within the framework of security outlook to contain it. >> reporter: attacking the area in almost a daily basis. but the federal government says the group will be contained now with international help. >> it's unfair for the national government to say that we have somehow resisted offers of assistance from the international community. all the way, the government of nigeria has for assistance and cooperation of the international community.

>> the nigerian military, has not commented on the attack. international assistance to deal with boko haram faster. yvonne ndege, abuja, nigeria. >> and some of that international assistance is coming from the united states. and today the state department offered new information about how america is helping. mike viqueria joins us with more. mike. >> john, they are calling it an interdisciplinary team. a combination much military that is relative -- a combination of military personnel, but a combination of them, law enforcements and information-sharing. at this stage they're still consulting with the government of nigeria to determine exactly what their needs are. the assessment state still in place. the fbi also stands ready says tainsanstate department officia.

>> we are moving to put into place our team in abuja that can provide military enforcement and information sharing to find and free the girls. our embassy in abuja is sending out an interdisciplinary team to coordinate with the nigerian government. >> john they say they are moving swiftly, days not weeks before those personnel are deployed. at this time, president god luck jonathan of nigeria, trying to determine exactly how those u.s. assets are going to be used. >> mike, that hasn't been a front burner situation for the

u.s., what has happened? >> the power of image images, the ghastly video from the leader of boko haram where he says he will sell the girls who have been kidnapped on the open mark place, appalled individuals. even today first lady michelle obama, the hashtag on twitter, #bring back our girls, that picture appearing late this afternoon on twitter. from secretary of state john kerry who has spoken on phone with president god luck jonathan and president obama who spoke about this yesterday in a series of interviews, this has become a front burner issue in washington, no question about it, john. >> mike viqueria, thank you. we'll have more, our special report law don't know about boko haram coming up at the bottom of the hour. now, the crisis in ukraine,

president vladimir putin changed his direction, saying the russian troops are pulling back from the ukraine. there is no evidence though to confirm that. the u.s. state department says that's not enough. >> to be clear, we believe the proposed may referendum are both illegal and illegitimate. we need to see more from president putin than calling it to be postponed. >> called putin's comments hot air. all this happening as ukraine beefs up its own military, our nick spicer reports from the capitol of kyiv. >> the government is looking ahead and sees the need of a stronger fighting force so it has invited leaders to get thousands of one time protesters

to train in the national guard. there aren't enough bullets to practice shooting and training only take two weeks but many feel battle ready. after holding their ground during the government's crack downed in central square which killed over 100 protesters. >> the people fighting here have got very valuable military experience so that's why they should join the national guard. right now it needs people with such military experience. it is something we didn't have before. >> reporter: the armed forces are broke. the government accuses the previous government of stealing much of its funding. hot spots in the southeast of the country. here in the outskirts of kyiv they're manning barricades to prevent people from getting in,

might be creating unrest in the capitol. they are searching for weapons and pay special attention to cars coming from parts of the country where there's violence. >> i'm here to protect my motherland and the government is doing knowing. we have to do -- nothing the. we have to do it ourselves. i have two kids and a grandchild. >> allowed to bear arms by the constitution but the civilians in the rest of the country say they too need to establish law and order setting the stage for what some fear could become a civil war. nick spicer al jazeera, kyiv. >> yoin >> joining me is.john cohen. he says, the obama administration is pursuing a new cold war with russia without any push back from the american media or political

establishment. steven welcome. >> thank you john. >> tell me what you heard from vladimir putin today. >> i think it's an enormously positive development. now he said several things but the american government seems to be saying that he's not telling the truth. when he says that they had moved the russian troops away from the ukrainian border. and putin evidently anticipated that kind of thinking and he says in the statement, if you don't believe me, he says, take a look at what's going on through your space surveillance. in other words, we have the capacity through satellites to see where those troops are. and he used, john, the past tense. he says we have moved them. i think we should have a discussion today on the assumption that they have made a concession and moved those troops to some degree and the fact that putin has said he would prefer that this local referendum in eastern ukraine on may 11th not take place.

but he said a lot of other things too, john. >> let me talk about your assertion about the cold war. why do you believe the united states is declaring in your words a cold war on russia? >> well i've been argue this for a long time that the way we're making in policy towards russia in the early '90s will lead to a cold war. they still say i'm crazy. it's not hard to study these things but what i did was read the front page new york times article i think it was a week ago last sunday that peter baker had reported that obama had given up on are putin, turn russia into a pariah state, but john you remember containment was the foreign policy of the united states during the 45-year cold war. i'm saying that's a declaration of cold war.

i'm saying no one is pushing back in the united states but in a few rare exceptions, on your broadcast since you've had me on a few times, we are not having a debate on this. how can we go in such a historic transformation without debating it and there is not much of a debate in this country. >> you think the sanctions are included in this cold war? >> well, from the american point of view they are. the question you should ask me is, do i think they will change putin's policy? and the answer is no. >> you can ask and answer the questions on this program, too. >> i'm not well-based john. but i feel strongly about this and the argument now is that what putin said today about moving the troops and about being against this local referendum which the west doesn't like is a result of the sanctions. and therefore, our policy is successful. it is not. this issue of ukraine, john, is

exist tensionexistential. a few billion dollars don't come into play when people se see an issue in that way. that is our way of looking at this not the russian way. >> we spoke with the secretary-general of nato this week and he says he has a strong professional relationship with putin but he also says putin should be treated as an adversary. how has that relationship changed? >> well, i'm not a great admirer of mr. rasmussen, he's on his way out. he doesn't have a strong professional relationship with putin, he doesn't have any relationship with putin. there are very bad feelings because putin says nato has broken its word to russia and rasmussen was the messenger of that broken promise. beyond saying that nato sees

russia coming at it and he thinks that's what the ukrainian crisis is all about, we have to make a decision about what we're going odo about nato expansion. >> let me try this on you. why is it that putin says he's pulling the troops back when they've been there for weeks and weeks? >> even months. my opinion, based on what i know about what's going on in russia, you remember what happened in odessa last friday. 30 some-odd people were burned to death. putin said he watched that tape. and he was horrified. i watched that tape. you probably showed that tape. >> we did. >> everybody was horrified. it's one of these moments when clarity suddenly comes how dangerous things are. i think putin thinks that eastern ukraine is spinning out of control. now that conflicts with the american view that he's the put epeer bu owners -- he's the pup.

he's not. he fears what i've been arguing that if it's ukrainian civil war, russian troops and nato troops may enter ukraine and that would be eyeball to eyeball between america and russia. i think he looked over the abyss and said russia had to make major concessions. >> for those americans who believe that russia made the first aggressive move on this you would say, nato has been the the guesser fo aggressor for a . . >> he said i'm disavowing this referendum. okay i want something in return he says. i want you to make your government in kyiv pull its military forces out of eastern

ukraine and then he dropped a bombshell, i don't know if you reported this. he said in a telephone conversation to him, prime minister merkel proposed a round table of all aggrieved russian forces. merkel was here over the weekend. i didn't hear obama mention this. if it's true that europe is now for the round table in ukraine, germany the most important european power and russia is for it where is the white house? >> we'll follow up on it it. it's always interesting when steven cohen comes on the program. it's good to see you. >> thanks john. >> a new law that goes in effect in august, any bloggers will no longer be able to post anonymously. and search engines will have to

keep reports of any posts, face fines of $45,000 or have their blogs shut down. in syria, sign that voirnls has haviolencehas had its impac. 600 people reportedly wounded, fighters, in return rebels released pro-government hostages in other cities. the move is seen as a victory for bashar al-assad, ahead of elections. angry survivors of deadly landslide today. during the tour residents confronted hamid karzai, grabbed his turban and threw it on the ground. a sign of protest in afghanistan. they blame the government for slow response.

karzai promised more help. >> one, emergency assistance, second, the -- those who want -- who wish to have their buried loved ones relatives taken out of under the soil, and most important of all, to resettle them and to give them new homes. >> authorities believe 2100 people were killed in that landslide. in thailand tonight, a constitutional court has removed the country's prime minister, found glif abusin abusing -- guf abusing her power. ver oncap ca pe -- ver op ca pedrosa reports. >> since she came to power in 2011 her leadership has been crippled by civil conflict and a

protracted campaign of protest to topple her. thailand has been gripped by political unrest since 2006 since her billionaire brother was deposed. he now lives in compile. those opposing yingluck accuse her of being her brother's puppet. they say the institutions of power and the country's urban elite including the courts as prejudiced against them. in november of 2013, street clashes became more violent. more than 20 people were killed. yingluck called fresh elections for february to shore up her legitimacy, but they were annulled and rescheduled for this july. her removal from office will create a dangerous political vacuum which is likely to see more protests on the streets and will do little to end thailand's political turmoil.

veronica pedrosa, al jazeera, bangkok. >> nelson mandela's presidency two decades ago signaled the end to apartheid. >> clearly visible at polling stations on voting da day day tf waiting for the government to provide basic services. voting for the first time, hopes conditions in her community will change. >> there's no electric, there's no water, we are going far for water. when you're asliep at night, you are raped, sometimes whatever,. >> soldiers have also been deployed. they will stay on high alert in areas they call hot spots.

but their presence doesn't scare off those determined to vote. a right many people died for during apartheid. protests over basic services happening often here. they will continue burning and stealing public property until credit public officials deal with this. 20 greer years after apartheid. >> sheurassuring people that the things will hpen, but also delivery of an economy that is growing, of jobs that were promised a long time ago. >> people here say being poor is hard. they want what many people who are well off take for granted. they hope their vote will make a difference. al jazeera, bakers daal, south

africa. >> coming up next. trouble on the border. new reports of physical and social abuse of undocumented immigrants. what you don't know about boko haram is coming up at the bottom of the hour. borderland's dramatic conclusion >> no one's prepared for this journey. >> our teams experience the heart breaking desperation >> we're all following stories of people that have died in the desert. >> and the importance... >> experiencing it, has changed me completely... >> of the lives that were lost in the desert >> this is the most dangerous part of your trip... >> an emotional finale you can't miss... >> we got be here to tell the story. >> the final journey borderland only on al jazeera america

>> tensions are rising tonight

between vietnam and china. part of a territorial dispute in the south china sea. china deployed an oil rig to the area a move vietnam opposes. rammed the vietnamese ships and injured three people. u.s. border patrol agents out of hundreds of complaints highlighted in a new report. only a few agents were punished. according to a report released by american relief council. our paul beban is on land with that story. paul. >> this report by the american immigration council says no action was taken. out of 809 cases the records they obtained through freedom of information act requests, they reviewed those case very small percentage of those case he resulted in any action at all taken against border patrol

agents against whom complaints of abuse had been alleged. january of 2009 through january of 2012, three years of complaints in almost all cases 97% of the time no response at all. >> so paul, what kind of allegation are we talking about? -- allegation are we talking about? >> well, the vast majority john, are involving excessive use of force and physical abuse more than 80% of the time. remainder of the case, very small percentage sexual abuse that is very rare. 80% excessive use of force or physical abuse. >> and what was the response to those complaints? >> well, the border patrol has issued a response. we reached out to them today. they issued a statement. i'm going to read a little bit. the border patrol takes all allegations of misconduct seriously and if warranted they are referred for appropriate

investigative and or disciplinary follow up. they say agents don't have the kind of training they need as far as troublesome situation. >> are we hearing anything from the border are patrol? >> their response, they say their agents are properly trairpd, have internal -- trained, have internal accountability, have organization of these complaints for a better format for them to be resolved and more transparency about disciplinary action he taken against agents. in all those cases, 809 only one agent was suspended, john. >> paul beban. thank you very much. al jazeera's original series, borderland follows six people who follow immigrants making

their way to the united states from mexico. >> this takes guts. >> i'm really pissed off at the mexican government. they are funneling thousands of people a week up to our borders. >> in tonight's final episode they will attempt the same journey that proved fatal to thousands of immigrants. are 9 eastern 6 pacific. >> coming up, what you don't know about boko haram. family a anguished. some say the kid naption never took place.

>> we are boko haram. >> boko haram, the ruthless

radical group accused of kidnapping hundreds of school girls in nigeria. and the world outraged. >> one of the worst local or regional terrorist organization he. >> many refused to speak the name out loud. in nigeria, rich in oil, this violence threatens to disrupt the global economy. what do they want? how can they be stopped? >> not enough is being done to rescue our daughters. >> our special report, what you don't know about boko haram. >> i'm john siegenthaler in new york. boko haram, loosely translated, the words mean western education is sinful. it is a heavily armed men who routinely target western-style schools. members say they want an islamic state, ruled by islamic law. their methods of cruel and

vicious, already killing hundreds this year. boko haram is blamed with killing nearly 300 nigerians. and after 276 girls were kidnapped april 14th. the u.s. sent experts into nigeria to help find them and today nigeria's police offered $300,000 for any credible evidence to their rescue. africa's biggest economy its stronghold is in the northeastern borno state. the two most recent are assaults took place there. then monday 160 miles away a deadly market attack in the town of gamburu. according to a senator from borno, a boko haram fighter shot everyone in sight. there could be more victims they

haven't found. the kidnapped nigerian school girls have been missing now for more than three weeks. international effort to rescue them but their parents feel abandoned by the nigerian government. the visit to where the girls were taken, ahmed, tell us what she said? >> well, she described their experience in the hands of boko haram, how they were abducted and taken to the forest and how some of them jumped in the trucks when one of the trucks broke down, and one inside the forest, they spent days in the forest before reaching home. she also spoke of how they took them and they threatened to kill some of them but they managed to escape. sort of lying to the -- to their abductors that they wanted to ease themselves and from there they run and they were chased

after by these gunmen and finally they maird it home. >> ahmed, maybe you can explain how we know so little about the girls who were kidnapped and how they were taken. >> well, it was, according to the girl i spoke to, the attackers came after -- shortly after midnight. and they wer were woken up from their sleep by the sound of gun fair. we were told we are the military, we are coming to take you to safety. they put them into three trucks and started driving away with them. and by the time they realized that thee were not military, they -- it was too late for some of them. and that is when some of them decided to jump from the cars or from the trucks that took them from the school. they started dropping their head scarfs, their shirts and just to sort of track or put the people

that may come after them on track to chase these people into the bushes. but after three weeks, nobody was able to save these girls except those who managed to escape from their abductors. >> all right, ahmed edris reporting from chabak. thank you. comfort egro has been tracking the growth of boko haram closely. >> every time the group has evolved, particularly when their political demands or promises that they believed were made by political leaders, particularly in the northeast, failed to emerge, the group and its relationship with various political leads broke down in 2009. you saw an uptick in violence and various contestation by various groups of boko haram and you saw the group expand in terms of tactics, in terms of

the targets it would focus on. so it went from hitting police from hitting state security services, from going after politicians to going after ordinary citizens, indiscriminate attacks. you've seen teachers, you've seen clerics, you've seen children, you've seen health workers, everybody now being under the focus of boko haram. the group claimed to be focused or wanting sherea law implemented throughout northern nigeria, wanted an islam ick state. and in the last three years weaver seen the are group credit merge into a monster. it's criminal enterprise that we're now seeing unfolding from the northeast and it's coming further down as we saw into the federal capitol of nigeria. >> those who studied boko haram

say young men join for three main reasons. unemployment and poverty, manipulation by extremist leaders and lack of understanding of the islam religion. here is randall pinkston. >> mass killings, bombings and wanton destruction of property. >> we are boko haram. >> it's proclaimed leader, abu pharal says its group wants to establish islamic rule in nigeria. sakal took over after the execution of the group's founder mohamed youssef.

are juan cole says boko haram does not have widespread appeal. >> boko haram is a fringe movement, it is a terrorist group which has assassinated muslim learned men, terrorized communities, and it is a small group relatively speaking. but it casts a large shadow. >> reporter: this month's mass killings and the kidnapping of school girls are a series of bold attacks on since and government force he. nigeria, is the largest economy in africa, surpassing south africa, boko haram is baste in the poverty stricken north, which is mostly muslim. the next year, it launched a suicide bombing of a united nations building in abuja, the capitol. last year boko haram was accused

of murdering 65 school boys. in april, fighters again targeted abuja blowing up a bus station that killed nearly 100 people. middle east specially jan san pierre says nigeria has, an" crisis and so does boko haram,. >> the government not being seen as incredible or worthy. obviously it has lost that reputation since then but the problem is the nigerian government did not step up and fill that void. >> most of boko haram's members are poverty stricken young boys. boko haram's leaders believe educated women are a threat to male authority. randall pinkston, al jazeera.

>> emerald wood joins us from washington, d.c. she's with the institute for policy studies and focus hes on -- focus he on policy studies. emerald, welcome. >> good to be with you. >> boko haram how sophisticated is this group when it comes to weapons and strategy and training? >> this is a fringe group that started off really elevating a decade or so ago the demands of people in northern nigeria. nigeria is a country, incredibly wealthy, exporting oil since 1956 yet the northern part of the country remains underdeveloped, remains impoverished. this group was an extremist group, they started back in the '90s essentially elevating these real concerns. so what you have between now and then is a real are platform being given to and expanded by

the international community. given to boko haram linking them with al qaeda, linking them with this designation particularly in the credit u.s. designationing them as a terrorist organization, expanding their megaphone, the platform in which they operated. at the same time, you have had a steady flow of weapons into the region. this is often the problem. and so you know, while there are efforts underway do have for example an arms control treaty which is u.s. has not ratified, you know, weapons continue to flow to these types of extremist groups really around the world. so i think you're right to ask where the weapons are coming from. i think many are asking that question. how they are able to be able to get them into the country, across borders and so readily available throughout the region. >> why can't the government of

nigeria stop them? >> i think what you have is, a government that has actually africa's most powerful military force. the nigerian military, very much partnering with the u.s. for decades now, in terms of its military training and advancement. it's quite skilled, and equipped, and yet what you've seen is that this military has also had its own issues of human rights violations, its own issues of atrocities against civilians, even. and so there's an issue of credibility. and also, an issue of really accountability, when it comes to the nigerian military. so i think there are calls now for the nigerian government to do all that it can to protect human rights, to protect human dignity. of these incredibly courageous school girls that thee families are anxiously awaiting news on

but also of all nigerians that all people throughout the country should have that measure of human rights protected, of also the rule of law respected throughout the country. >> mira maybe you can e help us with the question we've had all along. how is it that 276 school girls be kidnapped from a community and almost vanish in thil air and nobody has any idea where they are? >> remember, the political situation in nigeria is extremely volatile. we're going up to an election year in nigeria, and you have quite a number of people who are expressing discontent with the government. and so what you have is a situation where communities may not be as frank and forthcoming as they could be, where you have police, military, other officials that may be complicit, and so you have a very complex

situation of conclusion and of became of people not doing all that they can to protect human rights, to protect human dignity. >> so sad. amira woods, thank you for being on the program. >> thank you. >> mass killing is a painful riernld, violence against winstn is a global reality. lisa stark has more on that. >> the protests are growing. the age are is growing, to find nigerian girls, teenagers whose only crime was trying to get an education. at amnesty international, they feel the girls are facing daily violence, including sexual violence. >> i'm secured about their safety, i'm concerned about the nearly 300 girls who have been missing for three weeks with no action to free them.

>> working to empower women, those they help are rattled even though they are not in the area where the girl were taken. >> devastation and frustration as you can imagine for all people in nigeria. it's incredibly frustrating to see that this is happening and not being able to move quickly and do something themselves. >> the kidnapping of so many young women traiment, in the same place, has caught the world's attention. >> i really hope that this unfortunately incident and what's happening now can really continue to open people's eyes to what women are facing every day, the violence against women and girls that is you'll too common. >> a study released by the world health organization find that 35% of women have experienced sexual abuse by someone other than their partner.

>> w.h.o. calls violence against women a world problem of epidemic proportion. >> sexual vinyls last gone hand in hand with wars. in 1994, after the systematic rape of tens of thousands of women in bosnia, became an potential crierm, can a-crime, a crime against humanity. >> 40 years ago that would not have been imaginable. >> that's a start. but these groups say to end sexual violence against women require cultural changes, education, economic opportunity and raising the strawts of women, no easy task in many countries. for now though, the international outcry is focused firmly an the kidnapped school girls and the effort to find them. louisiana, al jazeera, washington. >> coming up next, wealth and

corruption. the role that money is playing in the escalating situation in nigeria. the oil paradox. nigeria is is a big oil produce iryet its people are poorer than ever. a

>> the brutality of boko haram is overshadowing another story out of nigeria. investors are gathering there. for a world economy are conference. richelle carey is here with the story. richelle. >> thousands from the business world are all arriving in nigeria'nigeria's capitol, abuj. since the renal violence is getting quite a bit of attention.

>> after this car bombing, the why nigerian government put out this: don't let terror win. the recent attacks are casting a shadow over the event. abuja is now on lock down. the nigerian government would prefer the focus to be on the country's booming economy its growing middle class and its goal to become one of the world's top 20 economies as 2020. nigeria overtook south africa. it is the world's 5th largest exporter of oil. there are doubts however, if that money actually reaches the nigerian people. corruption is a concern. watchdog group transparency international ranks it one of the most corrupt countries on earth. the former central banker says $20 billion in oil money is

missing and poverty is widespread especially in the northeast. the home base of the armed radical group boko haram. there, 70% of the people live on less than $1 a day, compared with 50% of the south, where most of the oil is located. >> boko haram. >> boko haram has tried to capitalize on that sense that northerners are not getting their fair share. >> corruption could be said to indirectly contribute to the insurgency in the country, in the sense that corruption has led to a clear position of dislocation of the economy. we have impoverished the people, it has destroyed industry and lives, and it has also created a conducive atmosphere for extremism to thrive. >> that's what observers say

nigeria has to face. >> forces need to realize that if nigeria becomes one nation, it needs to focus slightly more in the north. >> nigeria is considered one of the most unequal countries in the world. mall nutrition is higher in the north as well, inequality, recent violence can scare investors away, john it shows that as a developing country that that's really a problem. >> richelle, thank you. david rice is attending the world economic forum in abuja, nigeria. very early in the morning, 2:00 a.m. in abuja. very good to have you on the program. >> good to be here. >> can you give us a sense, this was supposed to be nigeria's shining moment this conference.

how has this violent overshadowed? >> this is extremely important for the country. it coincides with the fact that the country has been determined to be the largest economy in africa and it was meant to be a celebration of the fact that nigeria has a rapidly growing economy. that's quickly diversifying, and has a lot of opportunity for international investors. but the conversation so far during the summit has been muted, the economic conversation has been muted by this national tragedy. but the message that's come out from the government as well as from a lot of the attendees from around the world is that terrorism will not be tolerated and that people will not shy away from nigeria and the opportunities here, and the need here, simply because of an isolated incident, that occurs in the northern part of the country. people are very upset. it is emotional, it's a tragedy.

but the best way to combat this situation is to create more economic opportunity, for people around the country, and throughout subsharo subsharon . >> what is security like? >> security in the capitol is extremely tight. the city has been shut down during this conference because of those concerns. but the rest of the country is moving on. the rest of the country is functioning. as far as the government's response, i think that they're trying to balance the need to pursue the terrorists, to try to get the girls home to their families. while also, not trying to tip their hands to the terrorists. obviously they have satellite

phones, they have access to television, they have access to communication. keeping the public informed about what's being done but not revealing too much information so as to compromise their efforts to get the girls home safely. >> david rice, thanks for staying up so late. we appreciate it. >> all right, thank you. >> oil is a resource that can make any area wealthy but in the niger delta there are people living on less than $1 a day. in tonight's first person report we hear from photojournalist ed cashi. >> the oil industry in nigeria began in 1958 that's whether they started to pump oil. and over the last 50-plus years, nigeria has become one of the top 10 oil proceduressers in the

world. at the beginning of oil and gas in nigeria, nigeria was a poor country at that point and somewhat -- quite undeveloped. so oil was a -- you know a very new commodity that brought in tremendous wealth. but with it brought you know real problems for the people. what's happened in the niger delta is really a classic case of what i've seen throughout the world where oil and gas is produced. except maybe in the gulf states, the arab gulf states. is that it creates tremendous wealth for the companies and for the politician he and business people who are involved -- politicians and business people who are involved in the trade but on the ground and for the environment it ravages them. there are many ways in which oil has had a negative impact on the people of the niger delta. for instance they were primarily fishermen. now the waters they used to fish are in degraded, the fish stocks

are quite low. with farming a lot of the land has either been taken up by the oil works, the oil industry or the land has been polluted. so it's left the people with fewer opportunities in the traditional sense of how they survived and how they made a living. but the oil industry has not created a lot of jobs for the local people. they are living on basically $1 aay. the average niger deltan. while they might be sitting on land that is producing billions of dollars of wealth, on a yearly basis, they're receiving no benefits from that. on average, there's al an oil spill every day. they are not of the size of the bp spill in the gulf of mexico let's say but this is a constant problem. you have infrastructure that is not only 50 years old. but it's in a place that's quite inhospitable. the dangers and the impact of being near the oil industry, sort of hit on a number of

levels. first of all, the degradation of the land. another impact on the people is there's been very little infrastructure development. so for instance, schools, the electric -- the electricity grid, they're terribly lacking in that region. to look at a situation like the niger delta and say that's their problem, because the reality is, the united states takes almost half all of nigeria's oil and gas. so we have to realize that we are connected to these issues. we cannot turn a blind eye and say oh, that is someone else's problem. that we are explici complicit is trafreeze frame. a mother one of the missing school girls. she was one of the parents demanding the government do more to find her daughter. we'll see you back here at 11:00 eastern time.

the final episode of borderland is next.

>> welcome to the city of culiacan sinaloa, a place that is known as the cradle of drug trafficking. >> ahead of you lies a treacherous border crossing. >> people have died there and so we're like practically walking into a death trap. >> this is the most dangerous part of your trip. >> so the first day don't kill ya, it's the third day that kills ya. >> we are reallyki