from the "new york times". that's all for now. the conversation continues on the website. the conversation continues on facebook or google+. you can find us on twitter at aj consider this. see you next time. >> hi everyone. this is al jazeera america. i'm john siegenthaler. egypt tackles the head of the hamas. and deep mystery, giant craters appearing out much nowhere in siberia. we'll ask jake ward about it.

fighting with a fist bump, instead of a handshake. it is tuesday morning in the middle east, exactly 6:00 a.m. people in gaza are waking up othis, if they've been able to sleep at all. it's been a night of flares and explosions over gaza. in the past few hours israel has stepped up its attack on hamas. there are reports a hamas television station was hit by a missile. and earlier, hamas fighters had infiltrated israel. it arrived by a series of tunnels. israel fighters stopped them. imminent ceasefire seems highly unlikely and israel's latest criticism of secretary of

state.john kerry could hurt diplomatic efforts even more. patty culhane reports. >> a rare moment of criticism directed towards israel from u.s. state department yesterday. >> certainly not way allies treat each other. >> reporter: not for criticizing what israel is doing in gaza but what secretary of state john kerry is doing, pushing a proposal they had already agreed to. >> the egyptian proposal accepted by the cabinet did not make any mention of tunnels or rockets, that the israeli cabinet approved. >> reporter: israel's ambassador to the u.s. made clear at a gathering of leaders in washington, israel will not change course. >> israel will destroy the

tunnels we have found and we will not stop until the job is done. >> it could be on the verge of losing the support of the american people. television news has been showing these scenes of devastation and heartbreak. so pro-israel government groups are trying to recapture the narrative. >> free palestine. >> reporter: countering these from the past few days with their own in new york. assembling their most powerful members in washington, politician he from both parties. >> a terrorist is a terrorist and we should be very clear about that. hamas is evil. >> innocent life lost is a terrible tragedy. and in this case there must be no doubt who bears the responsibility for civilian deaths. and that of course is hamas. and its sponsor iran. [applause]

>> the obama administration sent the national security advisor susan rice to speak. she promised to double the support of the iron dome and send an additional $220 million this year. she didn't call on israel to get concessions to get one. the only criticisms of israel's actions in gaza was by the sole protestor who briefly interrupted the speech. patty culhane, al jazeera washington. for most families in gaza there's no time or celebration for celebration of the enof ramadan. nick schifrin reports. >> reporter: good evening. this has been as loud as all night here. we have heard israeli drones

circling overhead and we have heard strikes from the sea and the air over gaza city. this follows one of the most difficult and grim days that the people of gaza have had to go through in recent days. i should warn our viewers that the story we have done tonight contains graphic images that are difficult to watch. the morning began with celebration, openness and happiness for the holiday of eid. celebrating the end of the muslim are holiday of ramadan but that turned into panic and no cheer. for the children of gaza this is what eating is supposed -- eid is supposed to look like. when children get gifts and spend time with family. for a few hours fighting slowed, they felt safe enough to plea but this war is always close.

the brothers walked through the street, on either side rubble that was once houses. from their home they salvaged what they could. baby birds. the rest of the flock died as did so many people, so many children. >> 25 children. when we are -- go -- >> he describes the sound the children made as the bombs fell. how can i celebrate eid he asks? he takes us back to his home. his neighbor is the target of an air strike. his house is gutted. it's all destroyed, he says. >> danger danger danger. >> reporter: and it's not safe. despite a lull in the fighting, time for aholiday. israeli military fired a warning shot. they have told all residents to stay away. we and mohamed leave quickly. but on this eve for some there

was no warning shot. down the streets of gaza city they carried the bodies of the smallest victims. bodies kept coming. and at the hospital, they kept arriving. a mother wails. and a father tries to wake his dead son. on the side of the strike in a pool of blood those are children's flip flops. >> the bomb hit back here in this whole area is full of damage. you can see the car right here, the glass is completely destroyed on the side here, lots and lots of shrapnel mark, the impact even though it's back there, you can see on that building full of shrapnel marks. israel says this is caused by a rocket that missed its mark. this little girl rejects that. she lost her mother.

>> he was just playing. they destroyed him i hope they die. >> reporter: one mile away, a father buries his son. mohamed was ten years old. he and the other children died just two blocks from the children we saw playing this morning. in all at least nine children died on this holiday. such a difficult day for so many people and john, tonight, the fear is that with this israeli escalation that's been happening all night the fear is that there will be more days like today. >> nick schifrin reporting. fighting in support of israel, like the demonstration at the united nations. john terret was there. >> reporter: john, the longer this conflict has gone on, cities around the world have seen protests in favor of the palestinian cause. now worried that mayor message is not being -- that their

message is not being heard, israeli protesters have begun to fight back. it's new york police estimate is 10,000 strong. >> the united nations unfortunately sometimes does not do the right thing, and they say things that make no sense, condemning israel for taking military action to protect innocent civilians. >> it's really unfortunate how the media has been misrepresenting the situation. suffering is not something anyone should have to endure and we also stand for palestinian people, i view them as hostages held by hamas, and i view israel going into the situation that's very dangerous as well. >> the media has been very unkind to israel. we have to be out there in the streets and make sure the united states knows a large core is ready to support israel. >> especially at the time of

holocaust. now they seek to illegitimize the jewish state rather than the jewish people. not going to happen. it will never be tolerated. there is freedom of speech we accept that. but the thing is when we have freedom of speech to defend ourselves also we know that we can make a difference, especially in front of the united nations. >> reporter: the longer this protest rolls on, the more likelihood there will be protests all around the world, middle east on both sides of the continent. a peace solution seems to elude world leaders. john. >> john terret. now, the deadly ebola virus. two american aid workers are being treated for the disease. the outbreak is the worst in history. killing nearly 700 people in

west africa. jake ward is here. how is it that doctors are being infected? >> those doctors wear ppe, personal protective equipment. a full body suit and mask because the transmission with ebola happens from direct contact with bodily fluids. if a person is sick, physically ill, vomits, if that's aspirated by the doctor, have somehow ended up sick. right now there's great concern with the cdc and w.h.o. because those two organizations created the policies and guidelines that these doctors were evidently following according to the organization they're following, yet they're sick anyway. they're looking at those policies now. >> a passenger died on a flight to nigeria to the country's

largest city. what possibility is it that other passengers contracted the disease from him? >> nigeria hasn't seen much of the infection and this passenger turned himself in to the airline authorities. because he was sick and had die rethroughout the flight. you have to physically touch bodily fluid and then transfer it to the mucous he membranes. who did that infected patient come into contact with? they evidently can't account for two dozen flight members on that flight to nigeria. that is crucial to stem the tide. >> these patients that became

infected what is their health status? >> one is showing signs of a fever which doesn't necessarily mean that person is in grave danger. but the other one, the doctor is evidently symptomatic. on a conference call with the cdc, his family was with him and has returned to the united states. that said, he was not symptomatic, and it is possible that his family did not bring it with them. they are both in hospital now. >> jake ward, thank you. dr. celleen gonder, i asked her what doctors wear to protect themselves to help from contracting the deadly virus. >> everything from vests and suits. >> they are taking extraordinary care to protect themselves. >> none of their skin is exposed. a colleague of mine was there

several weeks ago and in these suits his temperature went up to 115° fahrenheit. so you can imagine, you can't tolerate those kinds of temperatures for very long and when you are working day in day out with very sick patients under these grueling conditions you may get sloppy. >> at the same time when you are talking about people on an airplane, you know how do we know that that didn't get passed on to someone who was on that plane? >> well, it does still require direct contact. so we as health care providers, we touch patients. we come into very close contact with them. the average airline passenger does not come into the same kind -- >> and it can't live on surfaces? >> if there are body fluids on those surfaces, yes you can transmit. if somebody directly next to you had ebola i would be concerned. and i would be concerned if i were traveling to one of these

regions and asked to assist in this issue. >> other than being in a body suit and 120 creez which is very, very --° what is the,. >> when you see people die in front of you in gruesome ways and you may feel powerless, you are way from your friends and family and you are yourself in danger perhaps from infection of ebola and heatstroke or dehydration are the risks in these situation he. so these situations really take a toll on you mentally as well as physically. >> the these people need to take breaks right? >> absolutely. they should take breaks periodically, check their heart rate, the respiration, it takes ten minutes to take off one of these suits. you can't all of a sudden say i need a break, you have to pace yourself. >> we are learning more as this

outbreak continues. doctor, thanks very much. a multimillion dollar plan is in the works on capitol hill to fix patient care and other problems with the va. mike viqueria has more. >> it is the rarest of occurrences. an agreement between house democrats and republicans, how to overhaul the troubled department of veterans affairs. bernie sanders and jeff miller. here are some of the details. $10 billion, this is really the cornerstone. $10 billion if you cannot get an appointment at a va facility to see a physician within 14 days then you can go to your own private doctor. if you live outside a 40 mile radius from a va facility you can do the same thing. another $2 billion to lease facilities some 27 new va

facilities around the country. sanders and michelle shook on the deal on monday afternoon and afterwards, sanders lauded the agreement. >> when veterans get into the system they feel pretty good about the quality of care they're getting. i hear this all the time. problem of access we're going odeal with this short term, emergency care, i hope the va will have the doctors, nurses and the culture to make sure that every eligible veteran in this country gets timely and quality health care when he or she needs it. >> reporter: even after that agreement between miller and are sanders, there is questionable vote, the summer recess, they have to get this done. deficit spending, adding to the deficit will house conservatives

go for it? if they won't? will house leadership john boehner and his group gain support to put it over the top. mike viqueria, al jazeera, the white house. >> struck down a ban on gay marriage, calling it unconstitutional. the circuit court's ruling includes west virginia, maryland and the carolinas. the decision does not take place until at least mid august. gay marriage proponents have been making legal progress since the supreme court struck down the federal defense of marriage act last year. a rare tornado ripped through boston suburb, the first tornado on record to touchdown in the area. amazingly no reports of serious injuries but some damage. kevin corriveau is here with more on that. kevin. >> this is rare for any tornado. normally we see tornadoes in the afternoon, evening and overnight hours. i want to go a little closer in

to show you what happened with this particular storm. we had an area of low pressure coming off the great lakes. you can see the activity with it. not just tornadoes, i'll go to the other damage in just a moment. let's go into this boston suburb. revere is just to the north of logan international airport. as the storm made its way through and we saw structural damage, trees down, power lines down as well. but as john said there were no casualties with this particular storm. come back to the wall. this is what we look like at about 9:34. this was the storm that been through this morning. of course we did have a lot of rain with that storm as well. as i mentioned before the amount of damage we saw with the storm not only for parts of massachusetts but maine, new hampshire, massachusetts.out here near the west, a lot of power lines are out across this area and we'll see more rain

throughout the evening, the potential of flooding going on parts of new hampshire and also vermont. john. >> kevin thanks very much. a california judge has ruled the l.a. clippers can be sold to steve ballmer. john sterling protested shelley sterling's sale of the team. his mental capacity was questioned to handle the financial affairs. bill affects restaurant retail workers, supporters say would pump an additional $260 million per year into the local economy. if approved the change would happen by 2017. coming up, what happens to migrant children after making it across the border. preparing for their next journey

in court. plus keeping airplanes and passengers safe while flying over war zones. zones.

>> in ukraine, government troops are gaining ground and nearing the crash site of malaysia crash site 17. the separatists are accused of downing the plane, keeping international officials are the from the scene. the united nations high commissioner for human rights says, the are separatists could be charged with war crimes.

flying over are war zones, daniel lack reports. >> reporter: war zones and the skies above them. when it was shot down the malaysia airlines boeing 777 was in touch with air traffic control just above an zone in the war zone. what happened and how to prevent it in happening again is why officials are gathering in montreal. >> i would anticipate this would formalize what everyone has known, don't fly over war zones where people are likely to shoot at you. >> air zones over ukraine are almost completely clear of air traffic. airlines themselves have moved to limit risk even if it lengthens routes and expends fuel. crashes are extremely rare, that's credit an incident like

this the deliberate downing of a civilian jet by military weaponry is causing such concern. issuing recommendations and advice to pilots but not regulating air space that belongs to sovereign countries. that's not likely to change but the meeting will have to give at least an impression of action. if for no other reason than to reassure an anxious public. >> it took seven years before air travel got back to the level it was after 9/11. that will happen now because people are scared and they don't know what they're scared about. >> reporter: flying is safer than it ever was before despite a recent spate of accidents and mh17. passengers need more than statistics and bland assurances to be confident of that. daniel lack, al jazeera,

toronto. president obama has reportedly notified russian president vladimir putin that america will cite russia for launching of cruise missiles. huz russi russia has been ordero are pay $50 billion to the shareholders of former oil company yukos. russia promises to appeal the ruling, calling it politically biased. coming up, what is causing the earth to open up. two craters that mysteriously appeared. plus, it is illegal to carry a handgun in the nation's capitol. why a judge overturned the ban. ♪

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>> hi everyone, this is al jazeera america. i'm john siegenthaler. many of those migrant children suck in america are in legal limbo. we'll show you the process they're dealing with. plus calling in the national guard not to deal with an influx of entrants but for gun violence, is it viable in chicago.

and a jew and palestinian american. what they think needs to happen to bring peace in the middle east. the flood of young migrants crossing the border has added to the already huge backlog in immigration courts. even before the border crisis, a migrant could wait years to see the judge and many migrant kids will go to court without an attorney. jennifer london has more from los angeles. >> reporter: each one of these files reepts child who crossed into the u.s. illegally, all came alone, all are facing deportation. one of them is 17-year-old jose from guatemala. he asks that we not use his last name or show his face. >> translator: it was very tough for me leaving my family. but i left the country because i wasn't safe. >> reporter: jose's been in the u.s. since february but still doesn't have a court date.

stuck in the backlog of a system paralyzed by tens of thousands of new immigration cases. every few weeks his aunt calls the immigration court hot line and hears this. >> your case has not been filed with the immigration court. >> reporter: when jose and thousands of other migrant children are given a court date this is where they have to appear. cameras aren't allowed to record the proceedings, but we were given access on a day the court is not in session. we wanted to let you see inside. immigration court is rather intimate. right next to the judge you have a translator. this is where the attorney for the government will set and this table this is where the child must appear. for fortunate few like jose they will have an attorney with them. most of the children will sit at this table alone. >> no one's guaranteed representation in imlaition

immigration court. >> free help to undocumented minors. >> i've been in court with a five-year-old sitting there with a highly trained government attorney who probably went to a top law school arguing their case, why that child should be deported. their feet don't even reach the floor when they're sitting in the chair. >> an executive runs the immigration court system. the agency would not speak with al jazeera on camera but in an e-mail wrote "all respondents have a right to representation without response from the government. the department o doj will help l services for children. that doesn't go far enough. >> ultimately, the way to resolve this is having a public defender system for minors.

in immigration proceedings. >> jose knows he has a chance. >> i want to study to be someone. >> reporter: but as he sings of home and never giving up he also knows the longest part of his journey has just begun. ♪ in reporting this story i was able to -- >> that was jennifer london reporting. in chicago more than 1200 people have been shot since the beginning of the year and the violence has some frustrated residents asking to call in the national guard. diane eastabrook has more from chicago. >> john, this city has been flooding high crime neighborhoods like this one with cops but so far it really heafnlt stopped the shootings. one state representative has suggested calling in a military

presence like the national guard but that is a controversial idea. it's a weekly ritual on chicago's far west side. neighborhood activists handing out antiviolence fliers to motorists on their way home from work. the neighborhood known as austin is a hod bed of crime. there have been 140 shootings here this year. >> how you doing, peace in the streets you're all for it right? >> illinois state representative says the violence has to stop. he's on a state nonviolence task force and wants to call in the national guard. >> they would provide a presence in the community. any time you see law enforcement military then it automatically puts people in a position where they feel that i better move along. >> ford isn't the only one raising the idea of brition in the national -- bringing in the national guard. shot down by police

superintendent gary mccarthy. >> we have more police officers than any large city in the country per capita. i'm telling you yet again. so let's not do that. >> reporter: the national guard is activated by the governor at the request of communities. it's commonly used in national disasters. the national guard can't help police patrol neighborhoods. they can enforce curfews and control riots. what they can't do is make arrest. political science professor dick simpson says it could create a war like atmosphere. >> you normally think of the national guard as a military force. you need them in gaza or maybe to combat the problems in the ukraine. but to try to use them effectively as crime fighters in chicago is simply not going to work under normal circumstances.

>> reporter: governor quinn says he's willing to bring in the troops to help control things but hasn't yet mentioned the national guard. he also thinks they could use additional help. >> i think we should make sure that all hands are on deck and we should learn from every agency, every type of security force that's available. and the national guard is a security force. >> reporter: in the austin neighborhood residents just want peace, no matter who provides it. and so far mayor emanuel hasn't asked the governor to activate the national guard or call in the state police. john. >> diane eastabrook recording. washington, d.c. officials have asked the court to delay allowing residents to carry guns outside their home. they're asking for a grace period to decide on filing an appeal or writing new laws. but on saturday a judge decided people may carry guns saying the

backpack in place was simply unconstitutional. this ruling resolves a lawsuit that was filed back in 2009 by several people who said they wanted to carry guns for protection. joining us now is richard aborn, the president of handguns incorporated, citizens crime commission of new york. richard welcome back. what does this mean for d.c? >> it play not mean a lot. the they are very different stories. the washington judge ruled the district lacks the ability to did not rule who can carry guns and who can do so. but what's important to note is that that's about law abiding citizens carrying guns whereas in chicago the issue is illegal guns going into the streets. >> so you don't believe that allowing people to carry guns is going to have -- make any

difference necessarily? >> i think it's going to be amarginal difference one way or the other. there's a lot of states where you can carry guns. >> you don't think it's a deterrent? >> carrying guns, is absolutely not. most people carrying guns they have much less are high crime rates for people carrying guns. >> what about the crime rate in d.c? >> the crime rate won't go up in d.c. because you have go through background checks you have to get safety training you can't carry it near a school you can't carry it near a government office, et cetera. chicago's problem is that chicago is surrounded by jurisdictions that let guns flood into chicago. >> but so is d.c. >> from virginia? >> yeah. >> they are but the people that want to carry guns -- >> i mean they come from all up and down the east coast. right? >> illegal guns, absolutely that's problem.

the people in d.c. are the people that want to carry a gun lawfully. we're not as concerned about the ban in washington. we're much more concerned about the lacks of regulation stopping illegal guns. >> if it were banned everywhere, wouldn't it make it more difficult for those people to get illegal guns? >> we don't know. we've never had a ban in this country. we don't need a ban in this country. the experience has showed us that those states that pass vigorous gun control like new york have very successful keeping guns out. >> the guns are coming up the east coast. not at all. >> precisely. if virginia, the two carolinas, georgia and texas would pass laws regulating who could get guns we would see illegal gun violence go way down. we don't need to reach a ban. we can tell from lots of state experiments, if the states will do it and to circle around

that's why we need federal action. we need congress to pass national regulation about who can get a gun under what condition -- >> you're saying a ban on handguns isn't necessary but tougher tougher regulations are. >> absolutely, yes. >> and if a state that passes it has states around it that have looser laws it doesn't endo any good? >> it is a problem for that state, new york, new jersey, massachusetts, connecticut proved that point. what's interesting is new york for instance prevent people from getting guns illegally from out of of state. we need national legislation so we have one set of uniform rules across the country. >> any chance of that? >> zero. >> not a chains chance? >> not right now. >> what has to change in order for that to happen? >> we need people on our side of the issue to get outraged again.

we were able to pass the brady bill and the ban assault weapons many, many years ago because crime was high and people demanded a response. >> they couldn't pass a federal built after what happened in connecticut. >> there was reason for that. they are not outraged enough. the nra has falsely convinced all its members that we are out to ban all guns. but when you say the national agency they have something to gain or lose they have the passion. >> richard aborn, good to see you thanks very much. in relation tot oklahoma city bombings about unreleased videos. a lawyer jessie trentadu. says there's a tape showing two men bombing the alfred murrah

building in oklahoma city. we want to look now at the impact, the war between israel and gaza is having beyond the battle zone. from france to florida some jewish leaders say they're worried about the conflict and how it could be needing antisemitism. jonathan betz has more. >> israel's parliament held a meeting, they are worried about what they call a violent wave of antisemitism. across major cities some protests against israel has taken a violent turn. >> demonstrations of antisemitism. we layer, "death to jews" in the -- we layer, "death to jews" in the streets.

>> over the weekend, cars of jewish families were also vandalized. >> honestly gets you to question, how safe we are here in america. >> jewish leaders worry criticism of israel is being used to spread antisemitism. from belgium to germany where some reportedly chanted gas the jews, to france, home of the world's largest jewish population, riots have broken out in the past few weeks targetintargeting jews. a week after a synagogue in paris was attacked. at least eight so far have been targeted. it's so troubling the french foreign minister wrote an op ed, insisting that france is not an

anti-semitic nation. france has tried to ban some pro gaza demonstrations. but not all protests have been antantiantisemitic. >> european governments insist they are taking a strong stand against antisemitism. france says the number of antisemitic attacks had been dropping. john. >> jonathan betz, jonathan, thank you. two men in florida say a simple friendship can show a patel to peace. one is an american jew the other a palestinian american. natasha guinane has the story. >> shalom didn't heed the advice, talking politics to

strangers. within minutes he began grilling mohamed on the israeli-palestinian conflict. >> i guess it was a way for us to judge each other. >> the first conversation between an american jew and a palestinian american was the start of a six year friendship. it's based on bonding over the typical male things such as sports and dating. but both young men also have families living through current israeli-palestinian conflict and feel a genuine desire to engage one another on what's happening there. did either one of you have viewpoints that changed as a result of your friendship? >> absolutely. i didn't look at mohamed as he wanted to kill me. >> when i met an israeli that could agree with me on some issues you know i found that our commonalities outweighed our differences. >> with the current fighting of israel in gaza, talking about

their friendship has stirred hatred among their respective friends but they seem unphased. >> i consider him like my brother. >> very nice words and the same goes for you shalom. i know we have been encountering a lot of judgments on ourselves, we've had a lot of push back. but what we have could lead to something special. >> they fiercely disagree on a number of points. >> israel has been fighting for its right to exist and has been since its inception. >> for that point, palestinians are also fighting for their right to exist. >> israel needs security. hamas needs ostop firing rockets at the israelis and equality to call their own. >> i do agree with that. >> despite their long friendship

the men have never met one another's families. they hope one day they can bring them together. natasha guinane, al jazeera, miami. >> and coming up next: mysterious craters popping up in siberia, jake ward explains. plus, why you might want to skip a handshake next time you see a friend. try fist-bump instead.

>> well, earlier we talked about

the very rainy conditions southeast as well as the midwest. the air coming in from the north you can see how this is playing out on the satellite. right here we have an area of low pressure that is pulling in the air from canada and the temperatures behind it are well below average for this time of year. first of all i want to take you back up to the northeast. it is still going to be are raining up here but dune towards the coast things will be clearing out nice. boston looks like this over the next couple of days. 79 tomorrow going down to a low of 75 on wednesday. we do expect to see more rain as we go into next week. new york 79° is expected on tuesday and we are going to see those temperatures start to increase but there is no rain in the forecast and the relative humidity is going to stay quite nice as well. frontal boundary georgia towards florida. behind it again we are going to

see those relatively cooler temperatures. atlanta is going to be 82° there but it's the relative humidity so the heat index is going to feel quite nice. that's a look at your national weather, the news is after this. in context. mashable says... you'll never miss the latest news >> they will continue looking for survivors... >> the potential for energy production is huge... >> no noise, no clutter, just real reporting. the new al jazeera america mobile app, available for your apple and android mobile device. download it now

>> there's a mystery unfolding in siberia, it's a strange one. enormous craters in the earth are being spotted all over russia. no word what's creating them. our science and technology expert jake ward has the story. >> it's so remote, the government sometimes brings in troops to protect the villages. the latest of three massive pi pits, in hotel is very big. it has an opening 50 feet

across, and while scientists don't know how deep it is, 160 to 330 feet. they don't know if this is related to the others. a few hundred miles away is another hole also about 50 feet across in opening, and another 13 feet across. local reindeer herders photographed, after almost fall in. describe it as a perfect cone. like a sinkhole. if you imagine a funnel full of sand that's blocked at the bottom by sugar cubes, you get them wet and they dissolve and the sand flows out. this is a huge remote place so this could be there for awhile before they were discovered. in any event, one theory is while this part of siberia is

for all of recorded history, was under a level of per ma frost, that frost is melting. one of the holes is 20 miles from a massive gas extraction plant at bovin and covo however. in combination of water and less tension at the surface, maybe it exploded, it may have imploded. it is not aliens. it is not missile tests, it would take a massive test to evaporate that much soil. you can bet that the earth is probably at fault. >> that is jake ward reporting from san francisco. now, to a new health report. it seems that handshakes are out and fist bumps are in. the journal of infection control says bumping fists is cleaner

than handshakes. scientists counted a experiment that says shaking hands distribute more germs. what does this mean? there's one part of the hand that's dirty and one part of the hand that's not? >> i'm going to go ahead and say that almost all of the hand is fairly dirty. >> really. so is the fist-bump better than the handshake or just wave? >> you know, would i say that an air kiss is probably less likely to transmit bacteria than a real kiss. so yeah, a fist bump may be better than a handshake. >> this is way the germs are transmittalled. is this the primary way that most germs are? >> it is, in medical centers when we transmit bacteria there may be a little danger to that. this probably isn't something that really we ought to be

worrying about too much outside of medical centers or almost any medical center. >> talk about the medical centers then. what is it that is so important? i guess when you see the doctor washing their hands or seeing the nurse washing their hands or getting that stuff on the hands that keep the germs away it is an important part? >> it is an important part. we have a problem of getting people to do that as much as we need to in order to cut the spread of disease that we see in the hospital. outside a hospital that is not a problem we see significantly because bacterial transfer is sort of a normal part of life. we shouldn't try to transfer air and bacteria like we do in normal life. >> on the subway how you grab on to the hook to hold on, there are so many places, aren't some germs good for us? or not? >> many germs are good. there is some calling a human

biome, all of the bacteria that are inside us and should be there. if you touch something like an elevator button or doorknob, that may be part of your a buy e or b, something you should get rid of. >> bureaul, no tivment fo adverr purel,. >> it kills bacteria and it certainly results in less of a transfer of bacteria with things like handshakes. but the object of the game is something we do inside the medical centers. it cuts down on disease and transfer from one to another. >> is that better than washing your hands? >> no. >> why not? >> we don't have any data studies to show that washing

hands is any better than purel, which is why we are talking about this stuff. >> they say it reduces that bacteria, eliminates bacteria. >> they say, we say we do sort of say that but -- >> i see them in the hospital he so i think maybe doctors know something or the hospital knows something i don't know. >> you're absolutely right. we do know that the purel is probably good for killing bacteria but we haven't figured out that it saves a lot of lives. >> it is an interesting question but we'll fist-bump anyway, doctor, thank you very much. the five-year-old cancer survivor, remember the bat kid who captured the nation's heart and saved gotham city? now a documentary is being made about him. >> we give them an experience that gives them a little bit of their childhood back that has

been robbed. >> the documentary has raised some $47,000 you through crowd funding. it's hoping to raise another $50,000 to complete that film. our picture of the day is from the white house. where president obama presented linda ronstadt with a national medal of honor award. ronstadt has parkinson's disease. she sold tens of millions of records. congratulations to her. she has received the medal of honor. "america tonight" with joie chen is next. is next.

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